CN110489823A - The size design and arrangement of the miniature square column vortex generator of adaptive deformation - Google Patents
The size design and arrangement of the miniature square column vortex generator of adaptive deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110489823A CN110489823A CN201910691332.1A CN201910691332A CN110489823A CN 110489823 A CN110489823 A CN 110489823A CN 201910691332 A CN201910691332 A CN 201910691332A CN 110489823 A CN110489823 A CN 110489823A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the size designs and its arrangement of a kind of miniature square column vortex generator of adaptive deformation, miniature square column vortex generator is made of adaptive shape-changing material, bottom surface be fixed on heat exchanger surface, perpendicular to fluid flow direction in heat exchanger, be decorated in array several, the turbulent boundary layer transition region being placed in heat exchanger, / 10th of geometric height less than heat exchanger turbulent boundary layer thickness, the miniature square column vortex generator based on above-mentioned adaptive deformation carry out size design and its arrangement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to heat exchanger energy-saving fields, are related to a kind of size of the miniature square column vortex generator of adaptive deformation
Design and its arrangement, with the application of the invention, can be achieved at the same time the reduction of heat exchanger flow resistance and the enhancing of heat transfer property,
To realize the energy-efficient of heat exchanger.
Background technique
The energy conservation for how realizing heat exchanger common in industrial application is always in scientific research and engineering field by wide
The problem of general attention.The means of industrial energy saving are broadly divided into structure energy-saving, technical energy saving and manage energy saving three broad aspects at present；It changes
Hot device energy conservation and the development of technology are an epitomes of industrial energy saving technology development.In heat exchanger applications field, usually using strong
Change heat transfer technology to improve thermal energy efficiency of transmission and then realize energy conservation.Heat transfer enhancement technology measure is divided into active, passive type, mixing
Three kinds of formula.Active augmentation of heat transfer need to be inputted using external energy, with this interference flowing field, achieve the effect that augmentation of heat transfer；Passively
Formula augmentation of heat transfer, which then relies primarily on such as the methods of surface texture, additive, improves heat transfer boundary condition realization augmentation of heat transfer；And it mixes
Formula mode is then active and passive type augmentation of heat transfer combination.
Relative to active heat transfer enhancement technology, passive type heat transfer enhancement technology has the characteristics that simple, Yi Shixian, thus
It is widely used in heat exchanger augmentation of heat transfer field.But either which kind of intensified heat transfer method, is all inevitably present
One weight.The problem of wanting, i.e. the mutual inhibition problem of flow resistance and heat-transfer effect will be such that flow resistance reduces, then pass under normal circumstances
Thermal effect deteriorates；Conversely, such as to realize augmentation of heat transfer, then flow resistance will increase.Specifically, for passive type augmentation of heat transfer skill
Art usually uses vortex generator, and the rigid vortex generator of stock size is arranged in heat exchanger, in the same of augmentation of heat transfer
When, the increase of flow resistance in heat exchanger is frequently resulted in, so as to cause the increase of required energy consumption.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcomings of vortex generator in existing heat exchanger, a kind of adaptive deformation is provided
Miniature square column vortex generator size design and its arrangement, with can enhanced heat exchange device conduct heat while, realize stream
The reduction of dynamic resistance, while being adapted to a certain range of heat exchanger operating condition variation.To achieve the above object, the present invention takes
Following technical scheme:
A kind of size design and its arrangement of the miniature square column vortex generator of adaptive deformation, miniature square column vortex
Generator is made of adaptive shape-changing material, bottom surface be fixed on heat exchanger surface, perpendicular to fluid flow direction in heat exchanger,
Several are decorated in array, the turbulent boundary layer transition region being placed in heat exchanger, geometric height is less than heat exchanger turbulent boundary
/ 10th of thickness degree, the size design of the miniature square column vortex generator based on above-mentioned adaptive deformation and its arrangement side
Formula comprising the steps of:
Step 1: measurement heat exchanger characteristics length L (m), heat exchanger flow to section A (m2), the passage length L of heat exchanger0
(m), mean flow rate Um(m/s) according to the mass flow formula Q=U in heat exchangermA(m3/ s) it calculates or is obtained by measurement,
Density p (the m of fluid3/ kg) it is known that the dynamic viscosity μ (kg/ (ms)) of fluid it is known that the then kinematic viscosity of fluidIt calculates, and then determines
Step 2: the abstract physical model of heat exchanger is established in ANSYS ICEM and carries out grid dividing: utilizing experience
FormulaL (m) is characteristic length, enables y+=1, determine the height of first layer grid on heat-exchanger model boundary
It spends Δ y (m), on the basis of heat-exchanger model boundary first layer grid determines, according to Meshing Method, obtains numerical value calculating
Required calculating grid；
Step 3: the calculating grid that steps for importing two obtains in ANSYS Fluent is carried out using method for numerical simulation
It calculates, heat exchanger inlet and outlet boundary condition uses periodic boundary condition, keeps constant mass flow, according to numerical simulation knot
Fruit obtains the shear stress τ on heat-exchanger model surfacew(N/m2), heat-exchanger model surface is the object for needing augmentation of heat transfer；
Step 4: the shear stress τ on the heat-exchanger model surface in numerical simulation result is utilizedw(N/m2), it is known that fluid is close
Spend ρ (kg/m3), calculate the friction velocity on heat-exchanger model surface
Step 5:: dimensionless heightBy the kinematic viscosity ν (m of fluid2/ s) and friction
Speed uτ(m/s) it is calculated, y (m) is actual height, ρ (kg/m3) it is fluid density；y+Indicate that unit dimensionless is high when=1
Degree；Enable y+=1, obtain actual height y corresponding to unit dimensionless height1(m)；
Step 6: transition region dimensionless height y is set+Value range is 5~60；Enable y+=5, obtain dimensionless height be 5 when
Corresponding actual height y5；Enable y+=60, obtain corresponding actual height y when dimensionless height is 6060；Thus it obtains corresponding
Actual height y5~y60(m), optional geometric height range of this actual height as vortex generator；
Step 7: y is set by the geometric height of the miniature square column vortex generator of adaptive deformation5~y60It (m), is in battle array
Column is equally spaced in actual heat exchanger surface.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme, which has the following advantages:
(1) adaptive shape-changing material is used: compared with existing rigid material vortex generator, the whirlpool of flexible material production
Flow-generator can generate adaptive deformation phenomenon with fluid flowing in heat exchanging device, can reduce the inhibition to flowing, in turn
Weaken the increased influence of vortex generator stream field resistance；
(2) use adaptive shape-changing material: when in heat exchanger turbulent boundary layer thickness with heat exchanger fluid velocity inside change
When, adaptive bending deformation occurs for flexible square column, and in certain operating condition variation range, miniature square column vortex generator will be due to certainly
Adaptability is immersed in heat exchanger turbulent boundary layer transitional region always, can all reduce in heat exchanger in this operating condition variation range
Flow resistance has good self-adaptive features, and further relating to the present invention has good practical application value；
(3) geometric height of the miniature square column vortex generator of adaptive deformation is arranged in heat exchanger turbulent boundary layer transition
Area can reduce the flow resistance of heat exchanger, there is certain evocation and guidance to anticipate industrial production and scientific research
Justice.
Specifically, in heat exchanger turbulent boundary layer as other industrial equipments, be all divided into viscous sublayer, transition region,
Log law region, and prior art does not provide the region that vortex generator is arranged in heat exchanger in turbulent boundary layer.Heat exchange
Device turbulent flow has several respects feature: speed ribbon structure in heat exchanger turbulent boundary layer flows to vortex structure, prospect spape knot
Structure etc. is Coherent Structures of Turbulence, is the characteristic feature of turbulent flow；: the vortex structure that flows in heat exchanger turbulent boundary layer induces closely
Wall area low velocity fluid item takes and scans under eruption, high-velocity fluid band, and produces additional eddy stress.Heat exchanger turbulent flow
In boundary layer flow to vortex structure bottom surface shearing force i.e. flow resistance are influenced it is very big；Flow to the core of vortex structure usually
The 20 < y of dimensionless altitude range in boundary layer+< 40, that is, in transition region, and the array-type micro that the present invention describes
Eddy generator is placed in heat exchanger turbulent boundary layer transition region, can influence the core for flowing to vortex structure, and reduction flows to vortex pair bottom surface
Under sweep caused by flow resistance increase, reduce mantle friction, to inhibit turbulent flow.
(4) relative to the vortex generator of stock size, micropower thermoelectric generator size of the present invention is minimum, makes
The inhibition for obtaining fluid flowing in vortex generator heat exchanging device is minimum.
Specifically, it from the impact analysis for arranging flow resistance in vortex generator heat exchanging device, is arranged in heat exchanger
Rigidity (what deformation occurs) vortex generator of stock size, frequently results in the increase of flow resistance in heat exchanger, to lead
Energy consumption needed for causing increases, and the miniature square column vortex generator size of adaptive deformation described in the present invention is minimum, so that whirlpool
The inhibition very little that fluid flows in flow-generator heat exchanging device；
(5) present invention can reduce the flow resistance in heat exchanger while the heat transfer of enhanced heat exchange device, and then reduce and change
The consumption of hot device required input function.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the effect of the equidistant miniature square column vortex generator of adaptive deformation of array type of heat exchanger surface arrangement
Fruit figure.
Fig. 2 shows that equidistantly adaptive deformation miniature square column vortex generator is put for the array type of heat exchanger surface arrangement
Big figure.
Fig. 3 shows the array type equidistantly miniature square column vortex generator deformation of adaptive deformation of heat exchanger surface arrangement
Figure
Specific embodiment
The size design and its arrangement of a kind of miniature square column vortex generator of adaptive deformation include miniature square column
Vortex generator ontology and the arrangement in heat exchanger.Miniature square column vortex generator uses adaptive shape-changing material system
Make, bottom surface be fixed on heat exchanger surface, perpendicular to fluid flow direction in heat exchanger, be decorated in array several.The present invention
In the turbulent boundary layer transition region that is placed in heat exchanger of geometric height of miniature eddy generator (turbulent boundary layer is divided into sticky bottom
Layer, transition region, log law region, transition zone ranges can calculate to obtain according to flow operating mode by numerical simulation), geometric height
Less than 1/10th of heat exchanger turbulent boundary layer thickness.
The size design and its arrangement of miniature square column vortex generator based on above-mentioned adaptive deformation, comprising following
Step
Step 1: measurement heat exchanger characteristics length L (m), heat exchanger flow to section A (m2), the passage length L of heat exchanger0
(m), mean flow rate Um(m/s) according to the mass flow formula Q=U in heat exchangermA(m3/ s) it calculates or is obtained by measurement,
Density p (the m of fluid3/ kg) it is known that the dynamic viscosity μ (kg/ (ms)) of fluid it is known that the then kinematic viscosity of fluidIt can calculate, and then determine
Step 2: the abstract physical model of heat exchanger is established in ANSYS ICEM and carries out grid dividing.Grid dividing
What is finally wanted is first layer sizing grid on determining heat-exchanger model boundary, is utilized(the empirical equation
Itd is proposed in 1979 by Schlichting), L (m) is the characteristic length of heat-exchanger model, enables y+=1, determine heat-exchanger model
The height Δ y (m) of first layer grid on boundary.On the basis of heat-exchanger model boundary first layer grid determines, according to routine
The calculating grid needed for numerical value calculates can be obtained in Meshing Method；
Step 3: the calculating grid that steps for importing two obtains in ANSYS Fluent utilizes large eddy simulation method
It is calculated, heat exchanger inlet and outlet boundary condition uses periodic boundary condition, keeps constant mass flow, according to numerical simulation
As a result, reading obtains the shear stress τ on heat-exchanger model surface directly in post-processing resultw(N/m2)；
Step 4: it is answered using the shearing on the heat-exchanger model surface (object for needing augmentation of heat transfer) in numerical simulation result
Power τw(N/m2), it is known that fluid density ρ (kg/m3), calculate the friction velocity on heat-exchanger model surface
Step 5: dimensionless heightBy the kinematic viscosity ν (m of fluid2/ s) and friction
Speed uτ(m/s) it is calculated, y (m) is actual height, ρ (kg/m3) it is fluid density；y+Indicate that unit dimensionless is high when=1
Degree；Enable y+=1, obtain actual height y corresponding to unit dimensionless height1(m)；
Step 6: transition region dimensionless height (y is generally believed+) range is 5~60；Enable y+=5, obtain dimensionless height
Corresponding actual height y when being 55；Enable y+=60, obtain corresponding actual height y when dimensionless height is 6060；Thus it obtains
Corresponding actual height y5~y60(m), optional geometric height range of this actual height as vortex generator；
Step 7: y is set by the geometric height of the miniature square column vortex generator of adaptive deformation5~y60It (m), is in battle array
Column is equally spaced in actual heat exchanger surface.
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The present invention provides the miniature square column vortex of the adaptive deformation of array type of heat exchanger surface as shown in Figs. 1-2 arrangement
Generator, for improving the heat transfer property of heat exchanger, including heat exchanger channel 1, heat exchanger channel fluid entry port 2, adaptively
Deformation miniature square column vortex generator bottom surface 3 is fixed on heat exchanger channel surface, the adaptive miniature square column vortex generator of deformation
Part 4 in addition to bottom surface, the adaptive miniature square column vortex generator of deformation are equally spaced in array, heat exchanger channel stream
Body outflux 5.Fig. 3 shows the array type equidistantly miniature square column vortex generator change of adaptive deformation of heat exchanger surface arrangement
Figure after shape.
Specifically:
As shown in Figs. 1-2, with flow velocity mean flow rate UmOn the basis of the air of=0.547 (m/s) flows through heat exchanger channel, lead to
Road half high (as characteristic length) is L=0.1 (m), passage length L0=1.256 (m), channel width is 0.628 (m), empty
Air tightness ρ=1.225 (m3/ kg), μ=1.7894e-05 (kg/ (ms)),
Step 1: measurement heat exchanger characteristics length L=0.1 (m), mean flow rate Um=0.547 (m/s), according to fluid
Kinematic viscosityIt determines
Step 2: establishing the abstract physical model of heat exchanger in ANSYS ICEM, utilizesIt (should
Empirical equation was proposed in 1979 by Schlichting), characteristic length L=0.1 (m) enables y+=1, it is determined that heat-exchanger model
The height of first layer grid is Δ y ≈ 0.00035 (m) on boundary, establishes calculating grid with this；
Step 3: it is imported in ANSYS Fluent and calculates grid, calculated, obtained using large eddy simulation method
The shear stress τ on heat-exchanger model surfacew≈0.00145(N/m2)；
Step 4: the shear stress τ of the heat exchanger surface (object for needing augmentation of heat transfer) in numerical simulation result is utilizedw
≈0.00145(N/m2), it is known that atmospheric density ρ=1.225 (kg/m3), calculate the friction velocity of heat exchanger surface
Step 5: dimensionless heightBy the kinematic viscosity of fluidWith friction velocity uτ≈ 0.0344 (m/s) is calculated；y+Unit dimensionless is indicated when=1
Highly；Enable y+=1, obtain actual height y corresponding to unit dimensionless high speed1≈0.00042(m)；
Step 6: transition region dimensionless height (y is generally believed+) range is 5~60；Enable y+=5, obtain dimensionless height
Corresponding actual height y when being 55≈0.002(m)；Enable y+=60, obtain corresponding actual height y when dimensionless height is 6060
≈0.025(m)；Thus corresponding actual height y5~y60 (m) is obtained, this actual height is as the optional several of vortex generator
What altitude range；Similarly y23≈ 0.01 (m), y100≈0.042(m)；The present invention recommends height y23≈ 0.01 (m) recommends side length
Be 1/10th of height, as 0.001 (m), recommend unit that spacing between miniature square column vortex generator is 100 times without
Dimension height, i.e. y100≈0.042(m)；
Step 7: 0.01 (m) is set by the geometric height of the miniature square column vortex generator of adaptive deformation, geometrical edge
Length is set as 0.001 (m), and the spacing between miniature square column vortex generator is set as 0.042 (m), is in array, equidistant cloth
It sets in actual heat exchanger surface, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2；
Step 8: the miniature square column vortex generator for being fixed on the adaptive deformation of heat exchanger surface occurs in heat exchanger
Adaptive deformation, as shown in Figure 3.
Vortex generator in the present invention is made of flexible material, it is therefore an objective to which vortex is arranged in reduction in heat exchanger
The increase of flow resistance caused by device.Under normal circumstances, the rigidity (what deformation occurs) of stock size is arranged in heat exchanger
Vortex generator, frequently results in the increase of flow resistance in heat exchanger, so that more input powers and energy consumption be needed
Maintain effective operation of heat exchanger.In bionics, the characteristics of motion by observing fish finds that fish body has very strong
Flexibility, therefore the boundary layer of body surface (epidermis) also has certain " flexibility ", under motion state, the skin of fish and wavy
Scale (epidermis) external drag during travelling can be effectively reduced, viscous sublayer thickens, and body surface (table is effectively reduced
Skin) boundary layer velocity gradient.Meanwhile " flexibility " boundary layer of flexible body surface (epidermis) can be with the change of flows outside situation
Change and generates dynamic adaptive change, so that velocity gradient and shearing force on body surface (epidermis) boundary layer are reduced, it is final to rise
The effect consumed to reducing friction resistance and corresponding function.It is possible thereby to infer, flexible surface more can than traditional rigid surface
The consumption of energy is reduced, and flexible material is applied on vortex generator, for the Drag Reduction in heat exchanger, can have been played
Imitate energy saving effect.
In short, the present invention combines domestic and international research background, in conjunction with bionics principle, by micropower thermoelectric generator and flexibility
Material combines, and devises a kind of miniature square column vortex generator of the adaptive deformation with adaptive deformation behavior, and give
The effective method for arranging with practical application guiding value is gone out.
It is of the present invention and array arrangement the miniature square column vortex generator of adaptive deformation, it is strong in heat exchanger realizing
Under the premise of changing heat transfer, the resistance of fluid delivery process in heat exchanger is reduced, is avoided used normal in passive type augmentation of heat transfer
The problem of scale cun vortex generator bring flow resistance increases, saves fluid conveying function, thus reduce energy consumption,
Industry practical application value with higher.
Claims (1)
1. the size design and its arrangement of a kind of miniature square column vortex generator of adaptive deformation, miniature square column vortex hair
Raw device using the production of adaptive shape-changing material, bottom surface be fixed on heat exchanger surface, perpendicular to fluid flow direction in heat exchanger, be in
Array arranges several, and the turbulent boundary layer transition region being placed in heat exchanger, geometric height is less than heat exchanger turbulent boundary layer
/ 10th of thickness, the size design and its arrangement of the miniature square column vortex generator based on above-mentioned adaptive deformation,
It comprises the steps of:
Step 1: measurement heat exchanger characteristics length L (m), heat exchanger flow to section A (m2), the passage length L of heat exchanger0(m),
Mean flow rate Um(m/s) according to the mass flow formula Q=U in heat exchangermA(m3/ s) it calculates or is obtained by measurement, fluid
Density p (m3/ kg) it is known that the dynamic viscosity μ (kg/ (ms)) of fluid it is known that the then kinematic viscosity of fluid
It calculates, and then determines
Step 2: the abstract physical model of heat exchanger is established in ANSYS ICEM and carries out grid dividing: utilizing empirical equationL (m) is characteristic length, enables y+=1, determine the height Δ of first layer grid on heat-exchanger model boundary
Y (m), according to Meshing Method, is obtained needed for numerical value calculating on the basis of heat-exchanger model boundary first layer grid determines
Calculating grid；
Step 3: the calculating grid that steps for importing two obtains in ANSYS Fluent is calculated using method for numerical simulation,
Heat exchanger inlet and outlet boundary condition uses periodic boundary condition, keeps constant mass flow, according to numerical simulation result, obtains
The shear stress τ on heat-exchanger model surfacew(N/m2), heat-exchanger model surface is the object for needing augmentation of heat transfer；
Step 4: the shear stress τ on the heat-exchanger model surface in numerical simulation result is utilizedw(N/m2), it is known that fluid density ρ
(kg/m3), calculate the friction velocity on heat-exchanger model surface
Step 5:: dimensionless heightBy the kinematic viscosity ν (m of fluid2/ s) and friction velocity
uτ(m/s) it is calculated, y (m) is actual height, ρ (kg/m3) it is fluid density；y+Unit dimensionless height is indicated when=1；It enables
y+=1, obtain actual height y corresponding to unit dimensionless height1(m)；
Step 6: transition region dimensionless height y is set+Value range is 5~60；Enable y+=5, it obtains corresponding when dimensionless height is 5
Actual height y5；Enable y+=60, obtain corresponding actual height y when dimensionless height is 6060；Thus corresponding reality is obtained
Height y5~y60(m), optional geometric height range of this actual height as vortex generator；
Step 7: y is set by the geometric height of the miniature square column vortex generator of adaptive deformation5~y60It (m), is in array
Formula is equally spaced in actual heat exchanger surface.
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| CN115326005A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2022-11-11 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Method, device, equipment and medium for measuring heat exchange pellet micro-channel deformation value |
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