CN110488289B - Photoelectric cooperative synthetic aperture radar imaging processing method based on overlapped sub-apertures - Google Patents

Photoelectric cooperative synthetic aperture radar imaging processing method based on overlapped sub-apertures Download PDF

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CN110488289B
CN110488289B CN201910773690.7A CN201910773690A CN110488289B CN 110488289 B CN110488289 B CN 110488289B CN 201910773690 A CN201910773690 A CN 201910773690A CN 110488289 B CN110488289 B CN 110488289B
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刘兴钊
袁瑛
高叶盛
袁斌
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Suzhou Xingzhao Defense Research Institute Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9004—SAR image acquisition techniques
    • G01S13/9005—SAR image acquisition techniques with optical processing of the SAR signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
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    • G01S13/9011—SAR image acquisition techniques with frequency domain processing of the SAR signals in azimuth

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Abstract

The invention relates to a photoelectric cooperative synthetic aperture radar imaging processing method based on overlapping sub-apertures, which comprises the following steps: 1) and (3) aperture segmentation: carrying out aperture segmentation on SAR echo data in a synthetic aperture along the azimuth direction, dividing the SAR echo data into a plurality of sub-aperture data blocks, and carrying out phase shift preprocessing; 2) SAR data imaging processing: respectively and simultaneously modulating the sub-aperture data blocks onto laser beams by adopting a plurality of spatial light modulators in the optical imaging module, and parallelly processing each sub-aperture data block on an optical domain, wherein each path of laser beam parallelly passes through the corresponding optical imaging module, so that the plurality of sub-aperture data blocks loaded on the laser beams simultaneously complete imaging processing, and a plurality of low-resolution SAR images are obtained; 3) and (3) pore diameter synthesis: and synthesizing the plurality of low-resolution SAR images into a final high-resolution SAR image on an optical domain. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of high resolution, real-time imaging, parallel optical processing and the like.

Description

Photoelectric cooperative synthetic aperture radar imaging processing method based on overlapped sub-apertures
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of real-time imaging of synthetic aperture radar signals, in particular to a photoelectric cooperative synthetic aperture radar imaging processing method based on overlapped sub-apertures.
Background
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a microwave imaging radar that has wide applications in both military and civilian applications. The SAR is used as an important sensor for transmitting information and intelligence, and the timeliness of imaging processing often becomes the key for decision making. In the face of the urgent need of real-time processing, optical processing technology is introduced into the field of SAR signal processing and becomes a research hotspot. The optical processing technology has high-speed parallel processing capability, and complex operation in some SAR signal processing can be realized only by some simple optical elements, so that the technology has the potential of providing real-time imaging processing for the SAR system.
In recent years, many methods have been proposed to implement optical imaging processing of SAR signals, such as the real-time on-board SAR imaging processing system proposed by the canadian national optical research institute. Most of the current methods are only suitable for real-time imaging of low-resolution SAR signals. For the case of high resolution, most methods cannot really realize real-time processing because the processing of the SAR data in one synthetic aperture cannot be completed at a time. These methods only process data that is loaded onto the laser beam by one spatial light modulator at a time. Due to the limitation of the resolution of the spatial light modulator at the present stage, it is impossible to simultaneously and completely load the SAR data in one synthetic aperture onto the laser beam for processing. In order to solve the defects of the existing method and meet the technical requirement of real-time processing, a new SAR signal optical imaging method needs to be developed urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a photoelectric cooperative synthetic aperture radar imaging processing method based on overlapping sub-apertures.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a photoelectric cooperative synthetic aperture radar imaging processing method based on overlapped sub-apertures comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) aperture segmentation: carrying out aperture segmentation on SAR echo data in a synthetic aperture along the azimuth direction, dividing the SAR echo data into a plurality of sub-aperture data blocks, and carrying out phase shift preprocessing;
2) SAR data imaging processing: respectively and simultaneously modulating the sub-aperture data blocks onto laser beams by adopting a plurality of spatial light modulators in the optical imaging module, and parallelly processing each sub-aperture data block on an optical domain, wherein each path of laser beam parallelly passes through the corresponding optical imaging module, so that the plurality of sub-aperture data blocks loaded on the laser beams simultaneously complete imaging processing, and a plurality of low-resolution SAR images are obtained;
3) and (3) pore diameter synthesis: and synthesizing the plurality of low-resolution SAR images into a final high-resolution SAR image on an optical domain.
In the step 1), the relation between the number of sampling points and the number of sub-apertures of each synthetic aperture is as follows:
N＝(S-1)Δ+M
wherein, N is the number of azimuth sampling points in a synthetic aperture, S is the number of sub-apertures, namely the number of sub-aperture data blocks, M is the number of azimuth sampling points of each sub-aperture, and Delta is the number of sampling points at the interval of two adjacent sub-aperture azimuth initial positions.
In the step 1), the data between two adjacent sub-aperture data blocks has an overlapping rate of more than 50% to ensure smooth reorganization of the sub-apertures.
The number of azimuth sampling points of each sub-aperture is smaller than the resolution of the spatial light modulator.
In step 2), in each optical imaging module, a sub-aperture data block is subjected to fourier transform operation, matched filter operation and inverse fourier transform operation, respectively, to form a low-resolution SAR image, specifically:
and performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the sub-aperture data block, multiplying the sub-aperture data block by a two-dimensional matched filter on a two-dimensional frequency domain, completing the distance direction compression and the azimuth direction compression of the SAR signal at the same time, and focusing to form a low-resolution SAR image after two-dimensional Fourier inverse transformation.
The expression of the sub-aperture data block is as follows:
Figure BDA0002174398350000021
Figure BDA0002174398350000022
where τ and t are range time and azimuth time, ωrAnd ωaIs the distance envelope and the azimuth envelope, A is a constant, c is the speed of light, tcIs the azimuth time when the radar is facing the target, λ is the wavelength, krIs the range chirp rate, R (t) is the instantaneous range of the radar to the target, vsSpeed of radar platform, RcThe slant range of the radar when the radar is closest to the target.
The expression of the two-dimensional matched filter is as follows:
Figure BDA0002174398350000031
wherein f isτAnd ftRespectively, range-wise and azimuth-wise frequencies, f, over a two-dimensional frequency domain0Is the carrier frequency.
The step 3) is specifically as follows:
and respectively executing interpolation and phase shift operation on the low-resolution SAR images of the plurality of sub-apertures, wherein the phase shift operation is used for shifting the frequency spectrums of the low-resolution SAR images of the sub-apertures after interpolation so as to achieve the purpose of frequency spectrum splicing. And outputting the low-resolution SAR images of all the sub-apertures after interpolation and phase shift operation respectively, and finally adding the output results of all the sub-apertures to obtain a high-resolution SAR image.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention adopts the optical processing technology to realize the imaging processing of SAR data, and has the unique advantage of real-time processing due to the high-speed processing capability of the optical processing technology, and simultaneously, the overlapping subaperture data structure is introduced to enlarge the data processing scale, so that the method is suitable for the processing of massive SAR data, and the method can also process the massive SAR data at high speed and in parallel, therefore, the method still has the capability of real-time imaging processing for high-resolution SAR signals.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic overall flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of overlapping subaperture segmentation.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
Examples
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the concept of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the overall flow diagram of the technical scheme is shown in figure 1. And carrying out aperture segmentation on SAR echo data in one synthetic aperture along the azimuth direction, and dividing the SAR echo data into a plurality of sub-aperture data blocks. The data between two adjacent sub-aperture data blocks have a certain overlapping rate. Then, the sub-aperture data blocks are modulated onto the laser beam separately and simultaneously by using a plurality of spatial light modulators. The sub-aperture data blocks are then processed in parallel in the optical domain. And as each path of laser beam passes through the plurality of optical imaging modules in parallel, the sub-aperture data blocks loaded on the laser beam complete imaging processing at the same time to obtain a plurality of low-resolution SAR images. And finally, synthesizing the plurality of low-resolution SAR images into a final high-resolution SAR image on an optical domain. This step can be achieved by passing the laser beam through a series of optical elements. The final SAR image may be acquired and digitized by a camera.
The technical scheme can be divided into three steps of aperture segmentation, SAR data imaging processing and aperture synthesis. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: and (5) dividing the aperture.
And carrying out aperture segmentation on SAR echo data of a full synthetic aperture along the azimuth direction, and dividing the SAR echo data into a plurality of sub-aperture data blocks. The data between two adjacent sub-aperture data blocks have a certain overlap ratio to ensure smooth reorganization of the sub-apertures. The specific division is shown in fig. 2. N is the number of azimuth sampling points in one synthetic aperture, S is the number of sub-apertures, M is the number of azimuth sampling points of each sub-aperture, and delta is the number of sampling points at the interval of the azimuth initial positions of two adjacent sub-apertures. (M-Delta) is the number of overlapping points between adjacent sub-apertures. The relationship between the number of sampling points and the number of sub-apertures for a synthetic aperture is as follows:
N＝(S-1)Δ+M
the number of subaperture segmentations can be determined in accordance with the above equation. Firstly, setting an overlapping rate, wherein the overlapping rate is generally set to be 50% or more, and then setting the number of sampling points of each sub-aperture, wherein the number of the set sampling points does not exceed the resolution of the spatial light modulator. And then, the number S of the sub-apertures can be calculated according to the number of sampling points of one synthetic aperture. After the SAR data is divided into S sub-aperture data blocks, each sub-aperture data needs to be preprocessed. In pre-processing, each sub-aperture data block is phase shifted such that the spectral center of each sub-aperture is shifted to zero frequency. Next, the sub-aperture data blocks are loaded onto the laser beam simultaneously using S spatial light modulators.
Step two: and (5) SAR data imaging processing.
And the S sub-aperture data blocks loaded on the laser beams respectively complete imaging processing along with the S laser beams parallelly passing through the S optical imaging modules. Each sub-aperture data block imaging processing procedure comprises a Fourier transform operation, a matched filtering operation and an inverse Fourier transform operation. The specific flow of the imaging process is to perform two-dimensional fourier transform on the sub-aperture data block. And then multiplying the SAR signal by a two-dimensional matched filter on a two-dimensional frequency domain, and simultaneously completing the distance direction compression and the azimuth direction compression of the SAR signal through the step. Then, through two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform, a SAR image can be focused and formed, but the SAR image is low-resolution. The above operations required in the imaging process can be realized by the optical elements. And after the second step, S low-resolution SAR images can be obtained.
The form of the subaperture data block and its corresponding two-dimensional matched filter is given below.
The expression for the sub-aperture data block is as follows:
Figure BDA0002174398350000051
wherein R (t) is approximately represented by:
Figure BDA0002174398350000052
the expression for the two-dimensional matched filter is as follows:
Figure BDA0002174398350000053
where τ and t represent range-wise time and azimuth-wise time; omegarAnd ωaRepresenting a range-wise envelope and an azimuth-wise envelope; a is a constant; c is the speed of light; t is tcIs the azimuth time when the radar is facing the target; λ is the wavelength; k is a radical ofrIs the distance-to-chirp slope; r (t) is the instantaneous distance of the radar from the target. v. ofsIs the speed of the radar platform; r iscIs the slant distance, f, of the radar closest to the targetτAnd ftRespectively representing distance direction frequency and azimuth direction frequency on a two-dimensional frequency domain; f. of0Representing the carrier frequency.
Step three: and (4) aperture synthesis.
The method comprises the steps of processing the frequency spectrums of each sub-aperture data, and then splicing the frequency spectrums of all the sub-apertures to fit the frequency spectrum of the full synthetic aperture data to obtain the SAR image with high resolution. The specific process is that firstly, the interpolation and phase shift operation are respectively executed on the low-resolution SAR images of S sub-apertures obtained in the step two, wherein the phase shift operation is used for shifting the frequency spectrum of the low-resolution SAR images of each sub-aperture after interpolation so as to achieve the purpose of frequency spectrum splicing. And outputting the low-resolution SAR images of all the sub-apertures after interpolation and phase shift operation respectively. And then, adding the output results of all the sub-apertures to obtain a high-resolution SAR image. The operations required in the step can be realized by optical elements, and the obtained SAR image can be collected and digitalized by a camera. After the third step, a high-resolution SAR image can be obtained.
Description of spatial light modulators
Spatial light modulator, its english name is spatial light modulator, SLM. It is a device that modulates the spatial distribution of light waves. The device is usually composed of many small individual cells distributed in a two-dimensional matrix. The individual cells are also called pixels. Each pixel is capable of independently modulating the light beam illuminated thereon such that a certain characteristic of the light wave varies according to the law of the modulation signal. Modulating the amplitude and phase characteristics of the beam can be accomplished by modulating a complex signal (e.g., a SAR signal) onto the laser beam. A common spatial light modulator has a resolution of 4096 × 2048 pixels and 1920 × 1080 pixels.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims (1)

1. A photoelectric cooperative synthetic aperture radar imaging processing method based on overlapped sub-apertures is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) and (3) aperture segmentation: carrying out aperture segmentation on SAR echo data in a synthetic aperture along the azimuth direction, dividing the SAR echo data into a plurality of sub-aperture data blocks, and then carrying out phase shift preprocessing, wherein the relational expression between the number of sampling points and the number of sub-apertures of each synthetic aperture is as follows:
N＝(S-1)Δ+M
n is the number of azimuth sampling points in a synthetic aperture, S is the number of sub-apertures, namely the number of sub-aperture data blocks, M is the number of azimuth sampling points of each sub-aperture, Delta is the number of sampling points spaced at the azimuth starting positions of two adjacent sub-apertures, the number of azimuth sampling points of each sub-aperture is smaller than the resolution of the spatial light modulator, and the data between the two adjacent sub-aperture data blocks has an overlapping rate of more than 50% so as to ensure the smooth recombination of the sub-apertures;
2) SAR data imaging processing: adopt a plurality of spatial light modulators in the optical imaging module to modulate the subaperture data block respectively and simultaneously on the laser beam, and parallel processing each subaperture data block on the optical domain, each path of laser beam passes through the corresponding optical imaging module in parallel, make a plurality of subaperture data blocks loaded on the laser beam accomplish the imaging processing simultaneously, obtain a plurality of SAR images of low resolution, in each optical imaging module, form a SAR image of low resolution after carrying out Fourier transform operation, matched filter operation and Fourier inverse transform operation respectively to the subaperture data block, specifically do:
performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the sub-aperture data block, multiplying the sub-aperture data block by a two-dimensional matched filter on a two-dimensional frequency domain, completing the distance direction compression and the azimuth direction compression of the SAR signal at the same time, and focusing to form a low-resolution SAR image after the two-dimensional Fourier transform;
the expression of the sub-aperture data block is as follows:
Figure FDA0003302915450000011
Figure FDA0003302915450000012
where τ and t are range time and azimuth time, ωrAnd omegaaIs a distance envelope and an azimuth envelope, A is a constant, c is the speed of light, tcIs the azimuth time when the radar is facing the target, λ is the wavelength, krFor range-to-chirp slope, R (t) is the instantaneous range of the radar to the target, vsSpeed of radar platform, RcThe slant distance when the radar is closest to the target;
the expression of the two-dimensional matched filter is as follows:
Figure FDA0003302915450000021
wherein f isτAnd ftRespectively, range-wise and azimuth-wise frequencies, f, over a two-dimensional frequency domain0Is the carrier frequency;
3) and (3) pore diameter synthesis: synthesizing a plurality of low-resolution SAR images into a final high-resolution SAR image on an optical domain, specifically:
and respectively executing interpolation and phase shift operation on the low-resolution SAR images of the plurality of sub-apertures, wherein the phase shift operation is used for shifting the frequency spectrum of the low-resolution SAR image of each sub-aperture after interpolation so as to achieve the purpose of frequency spectrum splicing, outputting the low-resolution SAR images of all sub-apertures after interpolation and phase shift operation, and finally adding the output results of all sub-apertures to obtain a high-resolution SAR image.
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