CN110483050A - A kind of photocuring 3D printing step porous carbon materials and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of photocuring 3D printing step porous carbon materials and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110483050A CN110483050A CN201910907810.8A CN201910907810A CN110483050A CN 110483050 A CN110483050 A CN 110483050A CN 201910907810 A CN201910907810 A CN 201910907810A CN 110483050 A CN110483050 A CN 110483050A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
- C04B35/524—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from polymer precursors, e.g. glass-like carbon material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
- C04B2235/6026—Computer aided shaping, e.g. rapid prototyping
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of photocuring 3D printing step porous carbon materials and preparation method thereof, and after oligomer, reactive diluent, photoinitiator, carbon-rich material, activator and other auxiliary agents are mixed simultaneously ball milling, richness carbon photosensitive resin is made；After photocuring technology (SLA, 2PP or DLP) printing shaping；It is cleaned using anhydrous organic solvent, retains the activator inside resin；Successively printed sample is handled in baking oven and vacuum tube furnace；It is dried after being washed using diluted acid and deionized water.Hole of the present invention has micron order to design hole, and activator granulate forms hole, and a variety of hole compositions of activation hole are suitable for catalyst carrier, adsorbent material and electrochemical device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to new energy micro-nano material and device arts, are a kind of photocuring 3D printing ladders specifically
Grade porous carbon materials and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
3D printing is a kind of RP technique, it is sliced CAD model, and uses metal or resinous wood
Material is used as raw material, carries out layer printing, finally prepares complete model.Wherein, DIW and based on Stereolithography technology (2PP,
DLP, SLA) it is usually used in printing carbon material.DIW, can be by a variety of former materials using the molding of the pseudoplastic materials such as extruded polymer colloidal sol
Material is prepared as gel and is printed, therefore it is extensive to adapt to material, but the technology has print surface coarse, at 10~1000 microns
Precision is lower.Printing technique based on photocuring has advantage with high accuracy, and wherein SLA can reach 0.4mm, and DLP can achieve
0.07mm, 2PP even can achieve nanoscale.
Raw material for photocureable rapid shaping are photosensitive resin, are divided into 365nm (generally SLA) and 405nm is (general
For DLP), light-cured resin (30~60wt%) containing oligomer, diluent (25~50wt%), photoinitiator (3~5wt%),
Additive etc..Wherein, oligomer generally uses esters of acrylic acid photosensitive resin, have epoxy acrylate, urethane acrylate,
Polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate etc..
Template is that configuration removes control, the pattern for influencing and modifying carbon material, controls size, to certainly based on template
The method for determining material properties is divided into soft template method, hard template method and double-template method.The template of hard template method has mesoporous silicon, molecule
Sieve the materials such as soft template；Soft template generallys use the assembling of template and the presoma that is carbonized to realize, template is usually that surface is living
Property agent and copolymer.
Activation is to increase carbon surface product, adjusts the common method of mesoporous/micropore ratio, includes that chemical activation and physics are living
Change two methods.Chemical activation is that activator performs etching carbon material under high temperature inert environment, and common activator has KOH,
ZnCl2,H3PO4,KHCO3Deng.Physically activated is CO2With H2A kind of method of carbon is etched under O steam high temperature.
Fuse salt carbonization method is to mix presoma with alkali metal salt (KCl/LiCl), the carbon under high temperature inert gas
The method of change, the carbon generated contain the hole of nanometer.The selection of salt will affect the microstructure and chemical property of carbon material.
Carbon material has large specific surface area, conducts electricity very well, thermal stability etc. as a kind of active material haveing excellent performance
Advantage is widely applied in the industry as catalyst (carrier), adsorbent material, electrode material.Hole is to fluid in porous carbon knot
Transmitting inside structure has great importance.Traditional hole preparation method can control the hole (activation, template) of nanometer, right
10~1000 microns this have the hole of significant impact that can not regulate and control in terms of hydrodynamic performance.And DIW printing technique also without
Method realizes the accuracy controlling of this scale, this precision may be implemented in photocuring, but lacking can be to the nano junction of material
The material of structure accuracy controlling, and then limit transmitting of the active material in carbon structure.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of photocuring 3D printing step porous carbon materials
And preparation method thereof.The preparation for realizing the multi-stage porous of carbon material itself realizes that 1nm~1mm is big in conjunction with photocuring printing technique
The pore design of scale.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of photocuring 3D printing step porous carbon materials and preparation method thereof, material quality percentage are as follows:
Reactive diluent be 25~50%, photoinitiator be 3~5%, dispersing agent be 0.1~10%, carbon-rich material be 3~
10%, activator is 10~30%, other auxiliary agents are 1~10%, and oligomer is surplus.
The oligomer is selected in parallel according to specific needs unsaturated polyester (UP), bisphenol A epoxy acrylate, phenolic aldehyde
Epoxy acrylate, epoxidized oil acrylate, modified epoxy acrylic ester, aromatic urethane acrylate, aliphatic poly
One or more of urethane acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate and pure acrylic resin.
The reactive diluent selects butyl acrylate, Isooctyl acrylate monomer, isodecyl acrylate, lauryl
Ester, hydroxy-ethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxy propyl methacrylate, Glycidyl methacrylate
Glyceride, isobornyl methacrylate, Tetrahydrofurfuryl Methacrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, styrene, acetic acid
Vinyl acetate, n-vinyl pyrrolidone, diethylene glycol class diacrylate, triethylene glycol class diacrylate, polyethylene glycol two
Propylene acid esters, dipropylene glycol class dipropyl dilute acid ester, tripropylene glycol class dipropyl dilute acid ester, 1,4- butanediol dipropyl dilute acid ester, 1,6-
One of hexylene glycol dipropyl dilute acid ester, zinn glutaric alcohol dipropyl dilute acid ester and phthalic acid ethylene glycol dipropyl dilute acid ester are several
Kind.After diluent and oligomer collocation, it is subject to and is adapted to printer forming requirements.
The photoinitiator can be the one or more of following material: α '-dimethyl benzil ketals (651), 2,4,
6- trimethylbenzoyl-ethyoxyl-phenylphosphine oxide (TEPO), 2,4,6- trimethylbenzoy-dipheny phosphorous oxides
(TPO), bis- (2,4,6- trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphine oxides (819), benzophenone (BP), isopropyl thioxanthone and 2- second
Base anthraquinone.According to printer optical source wavelength (365nm or 405nm) and need curing time length selection.
The dispersing agent is selected from lecithin, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, carboxymethyl oxysuccinic acid, methacrylic acid and ethoxy ammonia
One or more of guanidine-acetic acid；Commercial dispersants (DS modest DP983, Bi Ke BYKP-105, Digao Dispers can also be used
710, Corning Texaphor etc.).Inorganic matter and organic matter can be dispersed simultaneously by being subject to.
The carbon-rich material is selected from glucose, and sucrose, starch, cellulose, one of lignin or several can also
Use the longer chain oligomers such as bisphenol A epoxy acrylate for carbon-rich material.According to carbon-rich materials such as starch, make it with powder
Resin is added in form, and wherein starch, cellulose and lignin can form biological hole.
The activator chooses KCl, KI, KOH, KHCO3,K2CO3,KNO3,K2SO4,LiCl,LiI,LiOH,LiHCO3,
Li2CO3,LiNO3,Li2SO4,NaCl,NaI,NaOH,NaHCO3,Na2CO3,NaNO3,Na2SO4,ZnCl2,FeCl3,CaCl2In
It is one or more of.According to the severity selection highly basic or salt of priming reaction, the selection and activator according to carburizing temperature are molten
The relationship of point chooses specific substance.
Other described auxiliary agents choose the auxiliary agent without containing metal and inorganic elements: defoaming agent (ethyl alcohol, n-butanol, phosphoric acid
Tributyl, polyacrylate etc.), levelling agent (polyacrylate), delustering agent (polyethylene wax, colour carbon black etc., dyestuff (golden light
Red, carbon black, Fast Yellow G, forever solid orange G etc.) etc..
A kind of preparation method of photocuring 3D printing step porous carbon materials, the specific steps are that:
One, the preparation of slurry: the raw material of selection are placed in mixing and ball milling in ball mill, obtain slurry；
Ball-milling Time is 1~10h, and revolving speed is set as 100~2000r.min-1；
Two, 3D printing forms: using the slurry of photocuring 3D printer printing preparation, no water washing is simultaneously rear to be solidified, and is obtained
Resin precursor with micro-structure；
The photocuring time for exposure is 0.1~10s, and thickness chooses 30~100 microns；
Anhydrous detergent according to the type of activator (template) select: toluene, octane, hexamethylene, chlorobenzene, methyl acetate,
Ethyl alcohol, isopropanol, acetone etc.；It is not dissolved activator (template).
Three, the pyrolysis of presoma: the structure of oven drying printing, then inert gas or the pyrolysis of specific gas environment,
Obtain pyrolysis carbon material；
Be pyrolyzed before oven drying temperature be 100~260 DEG C, drying time be 5~for 24 hours；
Inert gas is nitrogen, and argon gas is one such；
Pyrolysis temperature is 500~800 DEG C, and pyrolysis time is 3~12h；
Four, the activation of carbon material can activate in inert gas, can also activate in specific gas, and wash dry
It is dry, obtain the step porous carbon materials of 3D printing；
Inert gas is nitrogen, and argon gas is one such；
Specific gas can choose CO2, H2O (g) etc. is used for physically activated gas；
Activation temperature may be selected 700~1200 DEG C, and activation time is 1~12h；
Drying temperature is 90~120 DEG C.
Compared with prior art, the good effect of the application is:
One, in resin preparation process, by porous material prepare in template and active carbon preparation chemical activation method knot
It closes.Raw material is added in activator in the form of template, may be implemented: a) improving the formed precision of print procedure；B) 3D printing
Cheng Zhong, template are present in inside presoma with the particle form of 1 microns, and play activator in activation process, most
Eventually by forming 1 microns hole, which increases the number of material internal macropore；C) inside activator dispersion, have
Conducive to the uniform activation in material internal in activation process.
Two, 3D printing technique realizes that a step prepares the regular carbon of multi-stage porous in conjunction with template of the activator as template
Material contains 10~1000 microns of (printing) holes, 100 microns~100nm (template) holes, 100nm~50nm (template-activation)
Hole, 50nm (activation) hole；In addition, lignin or cellulose are as carbon source, then material itself contains biomass if choosing starch
Hole；
Three, this method is easy to operate, and choosing raw material is common materials, and at low cost, the small lot that DLP both can be used is real
It tests, and being prepared on a large scale in SLA.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 carbon material preparation principle figure；
Fig. 2 is used for the design structure of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2；
The carbon structure electron microscope (100 microns -1000 microns) of Fig. 3 design；3a is the feature of multiple design structures, and 3b is single
The feature of a structure；
The surface pores (10-50 microns) that Fig. 4 gas escape is formed；
The hole (100nm-10 microns) that Fig. 5 K2CO3 particle is formed；
Mesoporous (2-50nm) that joint activation generates in Fig. 6 embodiment 1；
The micropore (< 2nm) that the joint activation of Fig. 7 embodiment 1 generates；
Starch biology hole (2-50nm) in Fig. 8 embodiment 2；
BET pore character in two embodiments of Fig. 9,9a are nitrogen adsorption isotherm, and 9b is pore size distribution curve.
Specific embodiment
A kind of specific embodiment of the method for photocuring 3D printing step hole carbon material of the present invention presented below.
Embodiment 1
Refer to attached drawing 1,2,3a, 3b, 4,5,6,7,8,9a, 9b.
1. designing rich carbon 3D printing resin, ingredient by weight, is made of the following components:
A) oligomer: 40 parts of bisphenol A epoxy acrylate；
B) reactive diluent: 23 parts of diethylene glycol class diacrylate, 23 parts of polyethylene glycol dipropyl dilute acid ester；
C) photoinitiator: 4 parts of phenylphosphine oxide；
D) dispersing agent: 4 parts of the strong succinic acid of carboxymethyl；
E) defoaming levelling agent: 2 parts of polymethyl acrylate；
F) delustering agent (pigment): 4 parts of colour carbon black；
G) carbon-rich material: using the bisphenol A epoxy acrylate in oligomer as carbon source；
H) template (activator): K2CO38 parts；
2. by the above raw material with 400r.min in ball grinder-1, take out after ball milling 3h spare；
3. being printed with 50 microns of thickness using DLP printer, the time for exposure is set as 5.1s, prints porous structure；
4. porous structure is used washes of absolute alcohol, and solidify 5h after using 10W ultraviolet lamp in drier；
5. being placed in 80 DEG C of baking oven dry 6h；After be put into 240 DEG C of heat preservation 3h of nitrogen environment in tube furnace, then be warming up to 700 DEG C
Keep the temperature 3h；
6. using H2O:N2800 DEG C of activation 3h of mixed gas of=1:1 obtain porous carbon materials；
7. taking out sample after cooling, dilute hydrochloric acid is used with this, deionized water cleaning obtains step hole carbon material after dry.
Embodiment 2
1. designing rich carbon 3D printing resin, ingredient by weight, is made of the following components:
A) oligomer: 40 parts of polyester acrylate,；
B) reactive diluent: 60 parts of polyethylene glycol dipropyl dilute acid ester；
C) photoinitiator: 4 parts of phenylphosphine oxide；
D) dispersing agent: 10 parts of polycarboxylic acids ammonium salt；
E) defoaming levelling agent: 2 parts of polymethyl acrylate；
F) delustering agent (pigment): 4 parts of colour carbon black；
G) carbon-rich material: 20 parts of starch；
H) template (activator): K2CO34 parts；
2. by the above raw material with 400r.min in ball grinder-1, take out after ball milling 4h spare；
3. being printed with 100 microns of thickness using DLP printer, the time for exposure is set as 3.1s, prints porous structure；
4. porous structure is used washes of absolute alcohol, and solidify 5h after using 10W ultraviolet lamp in drier；
5. being placed in 240 DEG C of baking 12h of baking oven；900 DEG C of heat preservation 1h of nitrogen environment in tube furnace, this process include pyrolysis and live
Change process；
6. taking out sample after cooling, dilute hydrochloric acid is used with this, deionized water cleaning obtains step hole carbon material after dry.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
Member, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make several improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as
In protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of photocuring 3D printing step porous carbon materials, which is characterized in that its material quality percentage are as follows:
Reactive diluent be 25~50%, photoinitiator be 3~5%, dispersing agent be 0.1~10%, carbon-rich material be 10~
30%, activator is 10~30%, other auxiliary agents are 1~10%, and oligomer is surplus.
2. a kind of photocuring 3D printing step porous carbon materials as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the oligomer
For unsaturated polyester (UP), bisphenol A epoxy acrylate, Epoxy Phenolic Acrylates, epoxidized oil acrylate, modified epoxy propylene
Acid esters, aromatic urethane acrylate, aliphatic urethane acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate and pure
One or more of acrylic resin.
3. a kind of photocuring 3D printing step porous carbon materials as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the rich carbon materials
Material is selected from glucose, starch, sucrose, cellulose, one of lignin or several combinations.
4. a kind of preparation method of photocuring 3D printing step porous carbon materials, which is characterized in that the specific steps are that:
A kind of preparation method of photocuring 3D printing step porous carbon materials, the specific steps are that:
One, the preparation of slurry: the raw material of selection are placed in mixing and ball milling in ball mill, obtain slurry；
Two, 3D printing forms: using the slurry of photocuring 3D printer printing preparation, no water washing is simultaneously rear to be solidified, and is had
The resin precursor of micro-structure；
Three, the pyrolysis of presoma: the structure of oven drying printing, then inert gas or the pyrolysis of specific gas environment, obtain
It is pyrolyzed carbon material；
Four, the activation of carbon material, activates in inert gas, or activates in specific gas, and washs drying, obtains 3D and beats
The step porous carbon materials of print.
5. a kind of preparation method of photocuring 3D printing step porous carbon materials as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that In
In step 1, Ball-milling Time is 1h~72h, and revolving speed is set as 100~2000r.min-1。
6. a kind of preparation method of photocuring 3D printing step porous carbon materials as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that In
In step 2, the photocuring time for exposure is 0.1~10s, and thickness chooses 30~100 microns.
7. a kind of preparation method of photocuring 3D printing step porous carbon materials as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that In
In step 2, anhydrous detergent according to the type of activator select: toluene, octane, hexamethylene, chlorobenzene, methyl acetate, ethyl alcohol,
One of isopropanol, acetone are several.
8. a kind of preparation method of photocuring 3D printing step porous carbon materials as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that In
In step 3, be pyrolyzed before oven drying temperature be 100~260 DEG C, drying time be 5~for 24 hours, inert gas is nitrogen, argon gas
One such, pyrolysis temperature is 500~800 DEG C, and pyrolysis time is 3~12h.
9. a kind of preparation method of photocuring 3D printing step porous carbon materials as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that In
In step 4, the atmosphere of activation is nitrogen, argon gas, CO2, H2One of O (g), activation temperature is 700~1200 DEG C, living
The change time is 1~12h, and drying temperature is 90~120 DEG C.
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Cited By (13)
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| CN111204733A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-29 | 兰州交通大学 | Method for preparing active porous carbon electrode through 3D printing and application thereof |
| CN111484699A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-08-04 | 阜阳师范大学 | Epoxy acrylate 3D printing photosensitive resin and preparation method thereof |
| CN111760596A (en) * | 2020-06-13 | 2020-10-13 | 华东理工大学 | Method for preparing structured catalyst carrier by photocuring |
| CN112023909A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-12-04 | 华东理工大学 | Preparation method of structured electric heating porous carbon-based catalyst with quick response and high thermal efficiency |
| CN112429733A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-02 | 东北林业大学 | 3D printing-based personalized lattice structure three-dimensional porous carbon preparation method |
| CN113119457A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 王玉漫 | Three-dimensional printing method for nanoscale different materials |
| CN113149650A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-07-23 | 陕西理工大学 | SLA-based photosensitive resin for carbon material parts and preparation method of parts |
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| WO2022084744A1 (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-04-28 | Arkema France | Actinically curable compositions for ablative carbon-bonded composites and additive manufacturing method using such compositions |
| WO2023280821A1 (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2023-01-12 | Nippon Kornmeyer Carbon Group Gmbh | Process for producing moulded articles from carbon or graphite by 3d printing |
| CN115746482A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-03-07 | 浙江大学杭州国际科创中心 | Method for preparing porous material through 3D printing |
| WO2023079029A2 (en) | 2021-11-03 | 2023-05-11 | Norwegian University Of Science And Technology (Ntnu) | Dimensionally stable amorphous carbon structures |
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