CN110482893B - Anti-crack plastering mortar and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Anti-crack plastering mortar and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110482893B CN110482893B CN201910817755.3A CN201910817755A CN110482893B CN 110482893 B CN110482893 B CN 110482893B CN 201910817755 A CN201910817755 A CN 201910817755A CN 110482893 B CN110482893 B CN 110482893B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/22—Crushing mills with screw-shaped crushing means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/026—Comminuting, e.g. by grinding or breaking; Defibrillating fibres other than asbestos
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-crack plastering mortar and a preparation method thereof, wherein the anti-crack plastering mortar comprises an anti-crack agent and a plastering mortar, and the anti-crack agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the mass of the anti-cracking agent is 1-10% of the mass of the plastering mortar; the anti-cracking agent comprises: 60-95% of polymer composite fiber, 5-10% of surfactant and the balance of filler; the polymer composite fiber is processed by a resin-based composite material of a fiber reinforcement body, and the polymer composite fiber is a composite fiber of which the surface of the fiber reinforcement body is wrapped with at least one layer of resin. The anti-cracking plastering mortar disclosed by the invention is good in anti-cracking performance and durability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plastering mortar, and particularly relates to anti-cracking plastering mortar and a preparation method thereof.
Background
There is a great demand for fiber materials for construction mortars in the field of civil engineering and construction engineering materials. The mortar is a building material compounded by a cement cementing material, certain sand, water and an additive, can be used for masonry, bonding and plastering, but the mortar cracks after hardening because of hydration shrinkage of cement in the hydration process, especially the plastering mortar reduces the protection of a plastering layer on a mortar base layer and causes chapping and falling of a surface coating.
With the rapid development of economy in China, resin-based composite materials with fiber reinforcements are widely used. According to the reports of China Association for composite industry, the total amount of leftover materials of resin matrix composites of fiber reinforcements produced in China every year is not less than 150 ten thousand tons, the total amount of waste materials is not less than 600 ten thousand tons, and the speed is increased by more than 10% every year. The traditional method for disposing the materials is incineration or landfill, which brings huge pollution and pressure to the environment and enterprise development. The method for applying the fiber reinforced resin matrix composite leftover materials and wastes in a large-scale, large-scale and high-value manner is an economic problem and an environmental problem and a social problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the anti-cracking plastering mortar and the preparation method thereof, and the invention can solve the technical problem of cracking of the plastering mortar.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the anti-cracking plastering mortar comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the mass of the anti-cracking agent is 1-10% of the mass of the plastering mortar;
the anti-cracking agent comprises: 60-95% of polymer composite fiber, 5-10% of surfactant and the balance of filler;
the polymer composite fiber is processed by a resin-based composite material of a fiber reinforcement body, and the polymer composite fiber is a composite fiber of which the surface of the fiber reinforcement body is wrapped with at least one layer of resin.
The surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
The surfactant is polycarboxylic acid modified surfactant or melamine resin modified surfactant.
The filler is one or a mixture of more of fly ash, mineral powder, calcium carbonate, kaolin and 4A zeolite.
The resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement comprises one or a mixture of several of glass fiber reinforced plastic products, scrapped fan blades, leftover materials for producing the glass fiber reinforced plastic products, glass felts and glass gridding cloth.
The length of the polymer composite fiber is 3 mm-10 mm.
The average bending resistance value of the anti-cracking plastering mortar 28d is 8.8-9.5 Mpa, the bending resistance value is 102-104%, and the average compression resistance value is 66.1-66.9/KN.
A preparation method of anti-crack plastering mortar comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the polymer composite fiber, the filler and the surfactant to obtain the anti-cracking agent;
and adding the anti-cracking agent into the plastering mortar, and uniformly mixing to obtain the anti-cracking plastering mortar.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the anti-cracking plastering mortar comprises an anti-cracking agent and plastering mortar, wherein the anti-cracking agent accounts for 1-10% of the mass of the plastering mortar in percentage by mass; the anti-cracking agent comprises: 60-95% of polymer composite fiber, 5-10% of surfactant and the balance of filler; the polymer composite fiber is a composite fiber of which the surface of a fiber reinforcement body is wrapped with at least one layer of resin, and the wrapped resin can prevent the fiber reinforcement body from further carrying out chemical reaction with alkali substances such as cement, an additive and an admixture in the plastering mortar under a certain condition, so that the phenomena of expansion, cracking and even damage of the plastering mortar structure can not be caused. In addition, the specific heat capacity of the polymer composite fiber is similar to that of the plastering mortar, the expansion with heat and the contraction with cold are almost synchronously carried out, and the polymer composite fiber is not easy to fall off in the later period, so that cracks caused by asynchronous shrinkage in the anti-crack plastering mortar are favorably prevented, the anti-crack performance is good, and the durability of the anti-crack plastering mortar is good. The surfactant can uniformly disperse the polymer composite fibers in the anti-crack plastering mortar, so that the polymer composite fibers play a supporting role in the anti-crack plastering mortar, and the fluidity and the construction performance of the anti-crack plastering mortar are not influenced. The role of fillers in plastering mortars can be summarized in two aspects of chemical and physical effects: the chemical action is to improve the bonding of the slurry to the aggregate interface; the physical effect is mainly referred to the microaggregate effect and the morphological effect of the filler particles. Because the particles of the filler are mostly microbeads and the particle size is smaller than that of cement, the filler plays a more prominent role in compacting filling, lubricating, deflocculating, dispersing water and the like in the plastering mortar, the combined action of the two aspects reduces the water consumption of the plastering mortar, improves the workability, and ensures that the plastering mortar is uniform and compact, thereby improving the strength and the durability of the plastering mortar. The polymer composite fiber is processed by the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement, thereby realizing the reutilization of wastes and simultaneously reducing the pollution of solid wastes to the environment.
Furthermore, after the surface mortar is hydrated, Van der Waals force between ions acts, and hydrated minerals of the surface mortar and main minerals of the surface mortar are charged differently in the hydration process to generate coagulation, so that the mortar generates a flocculation structure. The surface active agent of the invention is anionic surface active agent, and the surface active agent is doped into the anti-crack surface mortarThe negative ions-SO-, -COO-in the surfactant can generate positive charges Ca on the plastering mortar particles2+The water is adsorbed on the plastering mortar particles under the action of the electrostatic repulsive force to form the ion distribution of a diffusion electric double layer (Zeta potential) and the ion distribution of the diffusion electric double layer on the surface, so that the plastering mortar particles are dispersed under the action of the electrostatic repulsive force, bound water in a space grid structure formed in the hydration process of the plastering mortar is released, and the mortar is fluidized. The larger the absolute value of Zeta potential is, the better the dispersing effect is. Polar hydrophilic groups of the anionic surfactant are directionally adsorbed on the surfaces of the plastering mortar particles, are associated with water molecules in a hydrogen bond form, and are associated with the water molecules in addition to the hydrogen bond association between the water molecules to form a stable water film on the surfaces of the plastering mortar particles, so that the direct contact between the plastering mortar particles is prevented, the sliding capacity between the plastering mortar particles is increased, the lubricating effect is achieved, and the flowability of the plastering mortar is further improved. The micro bubbles in the plastering mortar are also wrapped by the directional adsorption polar groups of the surfactant, so that the bubbles and the granules of the plastering mortar are similarly added with a plurality of micro beads due to the repulsion of like electricity, the lubricating effect is also realized, the fluidity is improved, and the uniformity of the anti-crack plastering mortar is ensured.
Furthermore, the filler is one or a mixture of more of fly ash, mineral powder, calcium carbonate, kaolin and 4A zeolite, so that the raw material source of the filler is wide, the filler is suitable for production in various places, and the cost can be reduced.
Furthermore, the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement comprises one or a mixture of several of glass fiber reinforced plastic products, scrapped fan blades, leftover materials for producing the glass fiber reinforced plastic products, glass felts and glass gridding cloth, so that the invention can solve the problems of environmental pollution and resource waste caused by the waste leftover materials and wastes of the fiber reinforced resin-based composite material.
Furthermore, the length of the polymer composite fiber is 3 mm-10 mm, so that the polymer composite fiber can be better dispersed in the plastering mortar and plays a role in crack resistance enhancement.
The preparation method of the anti-crack plastering mortar comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the polymer composite fiber, the filler and the surfactant to obtain the anti-crack agent, adding the anti-crack agent into the plastering mortar, and uniformly mixing to obtain the anti-crack plastering mortar.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a separation and dissociation apparatus used in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the inner arc spherical gland, the inner spiral conical cylinder and the conical spiral shaft in the separation and dissociation device adopted by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an inner helical conical cylinder in the separation and dissociation device adopted in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a conical screw shaft in the separation and dissociation device employed in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a left side view of a conical screw shaft in the separation and dissociation device employed in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a conical screw shaft in the separation and dissociation device used in the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of an inner arc spherical gland in the separation and dissociation device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a laser micrograph of a chopped polymer composite fiber fines prepared in example 1;
FIG. 9 is a laser micrograph of a chopped polymer composite fiber fines prepared in example 1;
FIG. 10 is a scanning electron micrograph of a chopped polymer composite fiber fines prepared in example 1;
fig. 11 shows that the anti-crack plastering mortar added with the anti-crack agent prepared in example 1 is smeared on a PS insulation board to test the bonding strength.
In the figure: 1-an equipment base; 2-an electric motor; 3-a first coupling; 4-gear speed reducer; 5-a second coupling; 6-anti-loose round nut; 7-bearing gland; 8-bearing seats; 9-feeding and feeding bin; 10-conical screw shaft, 10-1-first boss, 10-1-1-transition part, 10-2-second boss and 10-3-first spiral line; 11-internal helical line conical cylinder; 11-1-second helix; 12-inner arc spherical gland, 12-1-third boss, 12-2-discharge port; 13-cooling water jacket; 14-outer cladding sheet.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
The anti-cracking plastering mortar comprises an anti-cracking agent and a plastering mortar, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the mass of the anti-cracking agent is 1-10% of the mass of the plastering mortar;
the anti-cracking agent comprises: 60-95% of polymer composite fiber, 5-10% of surfactant and the balance of filler; the polymer composite fiber is processed by a resin-based composite material of a fiber reinforcement body, and the polymer composite fiber is a composite fiber of which the surface of the fiber reinforcement body is wrapped with at least one layer of resin.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surfactant is a polycarboxylic acid-modified surfactant or a melamine resin-modified surfactant.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the filler is one or a mixture of more of fly ash, mineral powder, calcium carbonate, kaolin and 4A zeolite.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement comprises one or a mixture of several of glass fiber reinforced plastic products, scrapped fan blades, leftover materials for producing the glass fiber reinforced plastic products, glass felts and glass gridding cloth.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of the polymer composite fiber is 3mm to 10 mm.
The preparation method of the anti-cracking agent comprises the following steps:
and uniformly mixing the polymer composite fiber, the filler and the surfactant to obtain the anti-cracking agent, adding the anti-cracking agent into the plastering mortar, and uniformly mixing to obtain the anti-cracking plastering mortar, wherein the mixing and mixing methods are common physical mixing methods.
Referring to fig. 1, the polymer composite fiber of the present invention is processed by a separation and dissociation device, the separation and dissociation device comprises a driving device, a bearing seat 8, a feeding bin 9, a conical screw shaft 10, an internal screw conical cylinder 11 and an internal arc spherical gland 12, one end of the conical screw shaft 10 is connected with the driving device through the bearing seat 8, the driving device can drive the conical screw shaft 10 to rotate, a feeding port is arranged on a bin body of the feeding bin 9, the feeding bin 9 is sleeved on the conical screw shaft 10, one end of the feeding bin 9 is arranged on the bearing seat 8, the internal screw conical cylinder 11 is sleeved on the conical screw shaft 10, one end of the internal screw conical cylinder 11 is arranged at the other end of the feeding bin 9, the internal arc spherical gland 12 is arranged at the other end of the internal screw conical cylinder 11, the conical screw shaft 10 extends out of the internal screw conical cylinder 11 and extends into the internal arc spherical gland 12, a discharge hole is arranged on the inner arc spherical gland 12; the outer part of the inner spiral line conical cylinder body 11 is provided with a cooling device, and the cooling device can adopt a cooling water jacket 13. Referring to fig. 2, 4-6, a plurality of convex first helical lines 10-3 are arranged on the conical screw shaft 10, the conical screw shaft 10 is in a cone shape, one end of the conical screw shaft 10 connected with the driving device is a big end, and the other end is a small end. Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the inner cavity of the inner spiral conical cylinder 11 is in a circular truncated cone shape, one end of the inner spiral conical cylinder 11, which is mounted with the feeding bin 9, is a big end, and the other end is a small end; the inner surface of the inner spiral line conical barrel body 11 is provided with a plurality of convex second spiral lines 11-1; a gap is left between the second spiral line 11-1 and the first spiral line 10-3. Referring to fig. 2 and 4-6, a plurality of second bosses 10-2 are uniformly distributed on the end surface of one end of the conical screw shaft 10 close to the inner arc spherical gland 12. Referring to fig. 2 and 7, the inner surface of the inner arc spherical gland 12 close to the end of the conical screw shaft 10 is an inner concave surface adapted to the end of the conical screw shaft 10, a plurality of third bosses 12-1 are uniformly distributed on the inner concave surface, and a preset gap is reserved between the second boss 10-2 and the third bosses 12-1.
As the preferred embodiment of the invention, the taper of the inner cavity of the conical cylinder body 11 of the internal spiral line is the same as that of the conical spiral shaft 10.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second helix 11-1 has the opposite direction of helix to the first helix 10-3, see fig. 2, which results in better shearing.
Referring to fig. 2, 4-6, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first helical line 10-3 of the conical helical shaft 10 near one end of the inner arc spherical gland 12 gradually transitions to be parallel to the axis of the conical helical shaft 10 and extends to the end of the conical helical shaft 10.
Referring to fig. 2, 4-6, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first helical lines 10-3 gradually transition to a portion parallel to the axis of the conical helical shaft 10, first bosses 10-1 for splitting flow parallel to the axis of the conical helical shaft 10 are uniformly distributed on the conical helical shaft 10 between the adjacent first helical lines 10-3, and the first bosses 10-1 extend to the end of the conical helical shaft 10.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 4 to fig. 6, a section of smooth arc-shaped transition part 10-1-1 is arranged at one end of the first boss 10-1 far away from the end part of the conical spiral shaft 10, the transition part 10-1-1 is spirally distributed on the conical spiral shaft 10, and the rotation direction of the transition part 10-1-1 is the same as that of the first spiral line 10-3.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, starting points of two adjacent first spiral lines among the plurality of first spiral lines 10-3 are different by a predetermined distance in the axial direction of the conical screw shaft 10.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tops of all the second bosses 10-2 are located on the same spherical surface, the tops of all the third bosses 12-1 are located on the same spherical surface, and the radius of the spherical surface on which the tops of the second bosses 10-2 are located is the same as the radius of the spherical surface on which the tops of the third bosses 12-1 are located.
Referring to fig. 2, 5 and 7, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second bosses 10-2 and the third bosses 12-1 are each in a tapered tooth shape.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a gasket is provided between the inner arc spherical gland 12 and the inner helical conical cylinder 11, and the gasket is used for making a gap between the end of the conical helical shaft 10 and the inner arc spherical gland 12.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the driving device comprises a motor 2, a first coupling 3, a gear reducer 4, a second coupling 5 and a locknut 6, wherein the motor 1, the gear reducer 2 and a feeding bin 9 are respectively arranged on the equipment base 1; an output shaft of the motor 2 is connected with an input shaft of a gear speed reducer 4 through a first coupler 3, and an output shaft of the gear speed reducer 4 is connected with one end of a conical spiral shaft 10 through a second coupler 5 and a locknut 6. The bearing seat 8 is coupled with the bearing gland 7.
The working principle of the separation and dissociation device is as follows: the motor 2 transmits power to the gear reducer 4 through the first coupler 3, the gear reducer 4 is directly connected with the conical screw shaft 10 to rotate, the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement enters from the feeding bin 9, the resin-based composite material of the resin-based composite material fiber reinforcement of the fiber reinforcement is continuously pushed forward under the driving force of the conical screw shaft 10 in the feeding bin 9 and is compressed, the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement is contacted with the inner wall of the inner spiral conical barrel 11 to generate a working state of kneading, shearing and separating effects while the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement advances in a compression direction, the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement synchronously generates a normal shearing force taking the axial force direction as an axis while being subjected to an axial extrusion force, and separation cracks between the resin matrix with brittle characteristic and the fiber reinforcement with toughness characteristic are spread from the interface of the two materials to extend from inside to outside under the combined action of the two forces, finally separating and dissociating the fiber reinforcement from the matrix, wherein the fiber reinforcement is coated with at least one layer of resin in the Shanghai; the invention adjusts the axial length of the separation and dissociation by adjusting the size of the gap between the end part of the conical screw shaft and the spherical gland of the inner arc spherical surface. This is in contrast to conventional pulverizing mechanisms which rely on random forces of impact or separation to pulverize both matrix and fiber materials in the same proportion, at the same latitude, and at the same particle size.
When the fineness of the product needs to be adjusted, a gasket is additionally arranged between the inner arc spherical gland 12 and the inner spiral conical cylinder 11, so that the gap between the end part of the conical spiral shaft and the spherical surface of the inner arc spherical gland is adjusted, the treatment capacity is large and the fiber length is long when the gap is large, and the powder treatment capacity is small and the fiber length is short when the gap is small.
The polymer composite fiber is processed by adopting a separation dissociation device, and the first spiral line with a plurality of bulges is arranged on the conical spiral shaft, so that the glass fiber reinforced plastic raw material can be pushed to advance in the rotating process of the conical spiral shaft, and the aim of continuous feeding is fulfilled; the conical screw shaft is in a cone shape, and the inner cavity of the conical cylinder body of the inner screw line is in a cone shape, so that the glass fiber reinforced plastic raw material can be compressed under the thrust action of the conical screw shaft in the process that the conical screw shaft pushes the glass fiber reinforced plastic raw material; the inner surface of the conical cylinder body with the inner spiral line is provided with a plurality of second convex spiral lines; a gap is reserved between the second spiral line and the first spiral line, so that the glass fiber reinforced plastic raw material is in a working state of rubbing, shearing and separating effects when being compressed and moving forward and is in contact with the inner wall of the conical cylinder of the inner spiral line, the glass fiber reinforced plastic raw material synchronously generates normal shearing force taking the axial force direction as an axis when being subjected to axial extrusion force, the glass fiber reinforced plastic raw material is torn and dissociated under the combined action of the two forces, the polymer composite fiber with at least one layer of resin coated on the surface of the glass fiber is obtained, and the polymer composite fiber can be ground between the end part of the conical spiral line and the inner arc spherical gland by utilizing the second boss and the third boss, so that the polymer composite fiber reaches the preset fineness; the obtained polymer composite fiber with the preset fineness is extruded from a discharge hole on the inner arc spherical gland. According to the invention, the cooling device is arranged outside the inner spiral line conical cylinder body, so that the obtained polymer composite fiber can be prevented from being agglomerated into balls at times due to high temperature generated in processing. The glass fiber reinforced plastic separation and dissociation device has simple structure and good separation effect, and has completely different crushing mechanism of matrix and fiber materials with the same proportion, the same latitude and the same grain diameter by the random force of collision or separation compared with the traditional crushing mechanical device. In conclusion, the glass fiber reinforced plastic separation and dissociation device can solve the difficult problem of dissociation of the matrix and the fibers in the processes of processing the recycled glass fiber reinforced plastic products and the glass fiber reinforced plastic production edges and corners, achieves the purpose of recovering a useful fiber structure with a certain length from the glass fiber reinforced plastic, and can be used as an additive to improve the service performance of the matrix, so that the high-valued recovery and utilization of the recycled glass fiber reinforced plastic products and the glass fiber reinforced plastic production edges and corners are achieved.
The first spiral line of one end of the conical spiral shaft, which is close to the inner arc spherical gland, is gradually transited to be parallel to the axis of the conical spiral shaft and extends to the end part of the conical spiral shaft. Because first helix passes through gradually to the axis parallel part with the toper screw axis for its spiral part interval grow, is unfavorable for the evenly distributed of glass steel raw materials, and then makes the powder fineness that obtains at last unable assurance, consequently sets up first boss, shunts the material in toper screw axis and the interior spiral line toper barrel cavity through first boss for glass steel raw materials evenly distributed guarantees the grinding effect. The first boss is provided with a section of smooth arc-shaped transition part, the transition part is spirally distributed on the conical spiral shaft, and the rotating direction of the transition part is the same as that of the first spiral line; the transition portion of this structure can further make glass steel raw materials evenly distributed, guarantees to grind the effect. In the axial direction of the conical spiral shaft, starting points of two adjacent first spiral lines in the plurality of first spiral lines have a difference of a preset distance; the fineness of the glass fiber reinforced plastic raw material is gradually reduced in the processes of extrusion, kneading and shearing, so that the overall volume is gradually reduced, and the defect of poor extrusion, kneading and shearing effects caused by insufficient filling of a cavity between the conical screw shaft and the conical cylinder of the inner spiral line due to the reduction of the volume of the processed raw material can be overcome by the preset distance difference between the starting points of the two adjacent first spiral lines; meanwhile, the problem that the processing effect is affected due to local material shortage caused by the fact that raw materials are easily accumulated and effective feeding is difficult to carry out due to the fact that the spiral part of the first spiral line is dense and the glass fiber reinforced plastic raw materials with large fineness are more when the processing is started is also avoided. The conical screw shaft is provided with second bosses, the inner arc spherical gland is provided with third bosses, the tops of all the second bosses are positioned on the same spherical surface, the tops of all the third bosses are positioned on the same spherical surface, and the radius of the spherical surface where the tops of the second bosses are positioned is the same as that of the spherical surface where the tops of the third bosses are positioned; the structure realizes the structural matching between the end part of the conical screw shaft and the inner arc spherical gland, and can realize the grinding of the processed material through the second boss and the third boss, thereby ensuring the grinding effect. The second boss and the third boss are distributed in the shape of oblique cone teeth, and the structure can enable the processed material to be ground in the part, so that the grinding path is lengthened, and the grinding effect is further ensured. A gasket is arranged between the inner arc spherical gland and the inner spiral conical cylinder and is used for adjusting the gap between the end part of the conical spiral shaft and the inner arc spherical gland; by adjusting the gap, the length of the processed polymer composite fiber can be adjusted.
The processing process of the polymer composite fiber comprises the following steps:
the driving device drives the conical screw shaft 10 to rotate, resin-based composite materials of the fiber reinforcement are added into the feeding bin 9, the resin-based composite materials of the fiber reinforcement are conveyed into the inner spiral line conical barrel 11 from the feeding bin 9 by the rotating conical screw shaft 10, and in the inner spiral line conical barrel 11, the resin-based composite materials of the fiber reinforcement are repeatedly extruded, kneaded, sheared and separated by the first spiral line 10-3 and the second spiral line 11-1 between the conical screw shaft 10 and the inner spiral line conical barrel 11, so that the resin-based composite materials of the fiber reinforcement are dissociated to obtain polymer composite fibers; grinding the polymer composite fiber between the end part of the conical screw shaft 10 and the inner arc spherical gland 12 by using a second boss 10-2 and a third boss 12-1 to enable the polymer composite fiber to reach a preset fineness; the obtained polymer composite fiber is extruded from a discharge hole on the inner arc spherical gland 12.
From the above results, it can be seen that the surface of the fiber reinforcement of the polymer composite fiber processed by the present invention is coated with at least one layer of resin.
The preparation method of the anti-cracking agent is preferably as follows: the leftover material of the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement is firstly subjected to primary treatment by a jaw crusher and the like to reduce the volume of the material, and then is subjected to fine powder by a separation and dissociation device, wherein the leftover material of the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement can be any leftover material of a glass fiber reinforced plastic product.
The following non-limiting examples are presented to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the polymer composite fiber includes the following steps:
the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement adopts glass fiber reinforced plastic leftover materials.
Preparing primary powder of polymer composite fiber: crushing leftover materials of the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement, cutting a large resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement into small pieces, and putting the small pieces into a crusher to obtain the primarily crushed polymer composite fiber;
preparation of polymer composite fiber fine powder: the polymer composite fiber primary powder is added into the separation and dissociation device for processing to obtain fine powder, and the fine powder can be used as the fine powder of the polymer composite fiber which can be used in the anti-cracking agent.
Referring to fig. 8, in example 1, the glass fiber reinforced plastic leftover is processed as an example, and it can be seen that in the polymer composite fiber obtained by the separation and dissociation device of the present invention, at least one layer of resin is covered on the surface of the fiber reinforcement (i.e., glass fiber).
Referring to fig. 9, in example 1, it can be seen from the leftover bits and pieces of the glass fiber reinforced plastic product, there is a layer of wrinkles on the surface of the glass fiber in the upper left corner of fig. 9, which is formed by the thermosetting resin on the surface of the glass fiber not completely separated from the glass fiber.
Referring to fig. 10, in example 1, polymer composite fibers obtained by passing scraps of a winding-formed glass fiber reinforced plastic product through a separation and dissociation device of the present invention were heated to 200 ℃, and depressions were formed on the surfaces of the glass fibers, which were formed by ablation of the thermosetting resin on the surfaces of the glass fibers.
The preparation of the anti-cracking agent in the embodiment: the fine powder of the polymer composite fiber, the fly ash and the polycarboxylic acid modified surfactant obtained above are uniformly mixed in a mixer to obtain the anti-cracking agent of the embodiment, and the anti-cracking agent contains 95% of the fine powder of the polymer composite fiber and 5% of the polycarboxylic acid modified surfactant in percentage by mass.
The anti-cracking agent obtained in the embodiment is added to the plastering mortar according to 1%, 5% and 10% of the mass of the plastering mortar in percentage by mass, the anti-cracking plastering mortar of the embodiment is obtained by uniformly mixing, the obtained anti-cracking plastering mortar is tested, and the test result is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the flexural strength is improved while the compressive strength is not reduced.
Referring to fig. 11, the crack resistant finishing mortar of example 1 has good adhesion through a bond strength test.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the polymer composite fiber includes the following steps:
the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement adopts leftover materials of glass fiber reinforced plastic products.
Preparing primary powder of polymer composite fiber: crushing leftover materials of the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement, cutting a large resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement into small pieces, and putting the small pieces into a crusher to obtain the primarily crushed polymer composite fiber;
preparation of polymer composite fiber fine powder: the polymer composite fiber primary powder is added into the separation and dissociation device for processing to obtain fine powder, and the fine powder can be used as the fine powder of the polymer composite fiber which can be used in the anti-crack agent.
The preparation of the anti-cracking agent in the embodiment:
the preparation of the anti-cracking agent in the embodiment: the fine powder of the polymer composite fiber, the fly ash and the melamine resin modified surfactant obtained above are uniformly mixed in a mixer to obtain the anti-cracking agent of the embodiment, and the anti-cracking agent contains, by mass, 60% of the fine powder of the polymer composite fiber, 30% of the fly ash and 10% of the melamine resin modified surfactant.
The anti-cracking agent obtained in the embodiment is added to the plastering mortar according to 2%, 5% and 10% of the mass of the plastering mortar by mass percent, the anti-cracking plastering mortar of the embodiment is obtained by uniformly mixing, the obtained anti-cracking plastering mortar is tested, and the test result is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the flexural strength was improved while the compressive strength was maintained without decrease.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the polymer composite fiber includes the following steps:
the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement adopts the leftover material of a winding forming glass fiber reinforced plastic product.
Preparing primary powder of polymer composite fiber: crushing leftover materials of the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement, cutting a large resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement into small pieces, and putting the small pieces into a crusher to obtain the primarily crushed polymer composite fiber;
preparation of polymer composite fiber fine powder: the polymer composite fiber primary powder is added into the separation and dissociation device for processing to obtain fine powder, and the fine powder can be used as the fine powder of the polymer composite fiber which can be used in the anti-cracking agent.
The preparation of the anti-cracking agent in the embodiment: the fine powder of the polymer composite fiber, the fly ash and the polycarboxylic acid modified surfactant obtained above are uniformly mixed in a mixer to obtain the anti-cracking agent of the embodiment, and the anti-cracking agent contains, by mass, 70% of the fine powder of the polymer composite fiber, 20% of the fly ash and 10% of the polycarboxylic acid modified surfactant.
The anti-cracking agent obtained in the embodiment is added to the plastering mortar according to 1%, 5% and 10% of the mass of the plastering mortar by mass percent, the anti-cracking plastering mortar of the embodiment is obtained by uniformly mixing, the obtained anti-cracking plastering mortar is tested, and the test result is shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the flexural strength was improved while the compressive strength was maintained without decrease.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the polymer composite fiber includes the following steps:
the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement adopts the leftover material of a winding forming glass fiber reinforced plastic product.
Preparing primary powder of polymer composite fiber: crushing leftover materials of the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement, cutting a large resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement into small pieces, and putting the small pieces into a crusher to obtain the primarily crushed polymer composite fiber;
preparation of polymer composite fiber fine powder: the polymer composite fiber primary powder is added into the separation and dissociation device for processing to obtain fine powder, and the fine powder can be used as the fine powder of the polymer composite fiber which can be used in the anti-cracking agent.
The preparation of the anti-cracking agent in the embodiment: the fine powder of the polymer composite fiber, the fly ash and the polycarboxylic acid modified surfactant obtained above are uniformly mixed in a mixer to obtain the anti-cracking agent of the embodiment, and the anti-cracking agent contains, by mass, 80% of the fine powder of the polymer composite fiber, 13% of the fly ash and 7% of the polycarboxylic acid modified surfactant.
The anti-cracking agent obtained in the embodiment is added to the plastering mortar according to 1%, 5% and 10% of the mass of the plastering mortar by mass percent, the anti-cracking plastering mortar of the embodiment is obtained by uniformly mixing, the obtained anti-cracking plastering mortar is tested, and the test result is shown in table 4:
TABLE 4
As can be seen from Table 4, the flexural strength was improved while the compressive strength was maintained without decrease.
Example 5
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the polymer composite fiber includes the following steps:
the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement adopts the leftover material of a winding forming glass fiber reinforced plastic product.
Preparing primary powder of polymer composite fiber: crushing leftover materials of the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement, cutting a large resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement into small pieces, and putting the small pieces into a crusher to obtain the primarily crushed polymer composite fiber;
preparation of polymer composite fiber fine powder: the polymer composite fiber primary powder is added into the separation and dissociation device for processing to obtain fine powder, and the fine powder can be used as the fine powder of the polymer composite fiber which can be used in the anti-cracking agent.
The preparation of the anti-cracking agent in the embodiment: the fine powder of the polymer composite fiber, the fly ash and the polycarboxylic acid modified surfactant obtained above are uniformly mixed in a mixer to obtain the anti-cracking agent of the embodiment, and the anti-cracking agent contains, by mass, 85% of the fine powder of the polymer composite fiber, 10% of kaolin and 5% of the surfactant.
The anti-cracking agent obtained in the embodiment is added to the plastering mortar according to 5% and 10% of the mass of the plastering mortar in percentage by mass, the anti-cracking plastering mortar of the embodiment is obtained by uniformly mixing, the obtained anti-cracking plastering mortar is tested, and the test result is shown in table 5:
TABLE 5
As can be seen from Table 5, the flexural strength was improved while the compressive strength was maintained without decrease.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) the invention can take leftover waste generated in the production process of waste polymer composite fiber products as raw materials, realizes the reutilization of waste, and simultaneously reduces the pollution of solid waste to the environment.
2) The surface of the polymer composite fiber obtained by the invention is wrapped with at least one layer of resin, thereby providing protection for later use of the fiber reinforcement.
3) The filler adopted by the invention can be fly ash, mineral powder, calcium carbonate, kaolin, 4A zeolite and the like. The raw materials have wide sources, are suitable for production in various places, and reduce the cost.
4) The fine powder of the polymer composite fiber prepared by the invention can replace the application of polypropylene fiber, lignin fiber and rock wool in anti-cracking agents.
5) The anti-cracking agent prepared by the invention can effectively improve the strength and the viscosity of the plastering mortar, reduce the consumption of cement mortar and reduce the cost of construction units.
6) The specific heat capacity of the polymer composite fiber used in the invention is similar to that of the plastering mortar, the expansion with heat and the contraction with cold are almost synchronously carried out, and the polymer composite fiber is not easy to fall off in the later period.
The anti-cracking agent for the plastering mortar provided by the invention has the advantages of strong adhesive force, heat resistance and excellent anti-cracking performance. The addition of the polymer composite fiber in the plastering mortar has higher temperature resistance, non-combustion, corrosion resistance, good heat insulation and sound insulation properties, high tensile strength and reduced creep deformation compared with organic fiber. At least one layer of resin is coated on the surface of the fiber reinforcement, so that the further chemical reaction of specific components in the glass fiber and alkali substances in cement, additives, admixtures and the like in the plastering mortar under certain conditions can be prevented, and the phenomena of expansion, cracking and even damage of the anti-crack plastering mortar structure can not be caused. The surfactant is added into the anti-cracking agent, so that the polymer composite fibers can be uniformly dispersed in the anti-cracking plastering mortar, the polymer composite fibers can play a good supporting role in the anti-cracking plastering mortar, and the fluidity and the construction performance of the anti-cracking plastering mortar cannot be influenced.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the anti-crack plastering mortar is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
uniformly mixing the polymer composite fiber, the filler and the surfactant to obtain the anti-cracking agent;
adding the anti-cracking agent into the plastering mortar, and uniformly mixing to obtain the anti-cracking plastering mortar;
the anti-cracking plastering mortar comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the mass of the anti-cracking agent is 1% -10% of that of the plastering mortar;
the anti-cracking agent comprises: 60-95% of polymer composite fiber, 5-10% of surfactant and the balance of filler;
the polymer composite fiber is processed by a resin-based composite material of a fiber reinforcement body, and the surface of the fiber reinforcement body is coated with at least one layer of resin;
the polymer composite fiber is processed by adopting a separation and dissociation device, the separation and dissociation device comprises a driving device, a bearing seat (8), a feeding bin (9), a conical screw shaft (10), an inner spiral conical barrel body (11) and an inner arc spherical gland (12), the conical screw shaft (10) is connected with the driving device through the bearing seat (8), the driving device can drive the conical screw shaft (10) to rotate, the feeding bin (9) is sleeved on the conical screw shaft (10), one end of the feeding bin (9) is installed on the bearing seat (8), the inner spiral conical barrel body (11) is sleeved on the conical screw shaft (10), one end of the inner spiral conical barrel body (11) is installed at the other end of the feeding bin (9), the inner arc spherical gland (12) is installed at the other end of the inner spiral conical barrel body (11), the conical screw shaft (10) extends out of the inner spiral conical barrel body (11) and extends into the inner arc spherical gland (12), a discharge hole is arranged on the inner arc spherical gland (12); a cooling device is arranged outside the inner spiral line conical barrel (11); a plurality of convex first spiral lines (10-3) are arranged on the conical spiral shaft (10), the conical spiral shaft (10) is in a round table shape, one end of the conical spiral shaft (10) connected with the driving device is a large end, and the other end of the conical spiral shaft is a small end; the inner cavity of the inner spiral line conical cylinder body (11) is in a round table shape, one end of the inner spiral line conical cylinder body (11) which is installed with the feeding bin (9) is a large end, and the other end of the inner spiral line conical cylinder body is a small end; a plurality of raised second spiral lines (11-1) are arranged on the inner surface of the inner spiral line conical barrel body (11); a gap is reserved between the second spiral line (11-1) and the first spiral line (10-3); a plurality of second bosses (10-2) are uniformly distributed on the end face of one end, close to the inner arc spherical gland (12), of the conical screw shaft (10), a plurality of third bosses (12-1) are uniformly distributed on the inner surface, close to the end part of the conical screw shaft (10), of the inner arc spherical gland (12), and a preset gap is reserved between the second bosses (10-2) and the third bosses (12-1);
the processing process of the polymer composite fiber comprises the following steps:
the driving device drives the conical screw shaft (10) to rotate, resin-based composite materials of the fiber reinforcement are added into the feeding bin (9), the resin-based composite materials of the fiber reinforcement are conveyed into the inner spiral line conical barrel (11) from the feeding bin (9) by the rotating conical screw shaft (10), and in the inner spiral line conical barrel (11), the resin-based composite materials of the fiber reinforcement are repeatedly extruded, kneaded, sheared and separated by the first spiral line (10-3) and the second spiral line (11-1) between the conical screw shaft (10) and the inner spiral line conical barrel (11), so that the resin-based composite materials of the fiber reinforcement are dissociated, and the polymer composite fibers with at least one layer of resin wrapped on the surfaces of the glass fiber are obtained; grinding the polymer composite fiber between the end part of the conical screw shaft (10) and the inner arc spherical gland (12) by utilizing a second boss (10-2) and a third boss (12-1) to enable the polymer composite fiber to reach a preset fineness; the obtained polymer composite fiber with the preset fineness is extruded out from a discharge hole on the inner arc spherical gland (12).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is an anionic surfactant.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the surfactant is a phenolic resin, a polycarboxylic acid modified surfactant or a melamine resin modified surfactant.
4. The method for preparing the anti-crack plastering mortar of claim 1, wherein the filler is one or a mixture of more of fly ash, mineral powder, calcium carbonate, kaolin and 4A zeolite.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the resin-based composite material of the fiber reinforcement comprises one or more of glass fiber reinforced plastic products, scrapped fan blades, leftover materials for producing glass fiber reinforced plastic products, glass mats and glass meshes.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer composite fibers have a length of 3mm to 10 mm.
7. An anti-crack plastering mortar prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The anti-crack plastering mortar of claim 7, wherein the anti-crack plastering mortar has an average flexural value of 8.8 to 9.5MPa, an average flexural value of 102 to 104 percent and an average compressive value of 66.1 to 66.9/KN (in terms of weight percentage).
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| WO2013044980A1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. | Curable mixture |
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