CN110479304A - A kind of gold prepares the application of hydro carbons liquid biological fuel with the preparation method and its catalysis biological ethyl alcohol of oxide carrier composite catalyst - Google Patents

A kind of gold prepares the application of hydro carbons liquid biological fuel with the preparation method and its catalysis biological ethyl alcohol of oxide carrier composite catalyst Download PDF

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CN110479304A
CN110479304A CN201910684463.7A CN201910684463A CN110479304A CN 110479304 A CN110479304 A CN 110479304A CN 201910684463 A CN201910684463 A CN 201910684463A CN 110479304 A CN110479304 A CN 110479304A
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gold
oxide
composite catalyst
preparation
ethyl alcohol
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史全全
巩霞
李杲
平贵臣
许辉
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Inner Mongolia Agricultural University
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
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    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08—Heat treatment
    • B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/16—Reducing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
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    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
    • C07C1/207—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms from carbonyl compounds
    • C07C1/213—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms from carbonyl compounds by splitting of esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
    • C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
    • C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G3/45—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof
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Abstract

The invention discloses the applications that the preparation method and its catalysis biological ethyl alcohol of a kind of gold and oxide carrier composite catalyst prepare hydro carbons liquid biological fuel.This method is using polyvinyl alcohol as protective agent, NaBH4For reducing agent, the gold colloid of polyvinyl alcohol cladding is prepared；It again using oxide as carrier, uses wet impregnation synthesis technology that mass fraction is uniformly impregnated within oxide surface for the gold nanoparticle of 1%-3%, obtains evenly dispersed gold and oxide composite catalyst.Then using cinnamic acid and bio-ethanol as raw material, catalysis biological ethyl alcohol prepares hydro carbons liquid biological fuel.It is acetaldehyde (CH that the present invention, which promotes Ethanol activation using the Lacking oxygen of Oxide-supports,3CHO*), generated in-situ CH3CHO* and cinnamic acid react in gold and oxide carrier contact interface, finally carry out full hydrogenation deoxidation with hydrogen and generate C11-C13 hydrocarbon compound, realize using a step coupling reaction come Synthin liquid biological fuel.

Description

A kind of preparation method and its catalysis biological second of gold and oxide carrier composite catalyst Alcohol prepares the application of hydro carbons liquid biological fuel
Technical field
The invention belongs to composite material and bio-fuel energy technology field, in particular to a kind of gold and oxide carrier are multiple The preparation method and its catalysis biological ethyl alcohol of closing catalyst prepare the application of hydro carbons liquid biological fuel.
Background technique
Liquid fuel is the most important energy sources of transport service, at present just never reproducible fossil resource on an industrial scale In produce.Nearly ten years, the rapidly growing bio-fuel to produce high-energy density of renewable plant industry provides Chance, these bio-fuels usually have chemical structure similar with fossil fuel.Therefore, it is synthesized from bio-fuel sustainable Bio-fuel cause the great interest of people.Bio-ethanol is a kind of reproducible green chemical, referred to as " cellulose second Alcohol " is produced by various plants raw material.In recent years, ethyl alcohol can be reacted by cross-aldol condensation and aldehyde, this Kind reaction can be promoted by base catalyst (mineral and organic base, solid base etc.).Cross aldol condensation be considered as to be formed C-C key with Produce a kind of effective ways of bio-fuel.Currently, catalyzed conversion approach has expanded to oxidation of ethanol condensation reaction, it is raw for hydro carbons The diversification and sustainable development of object fuel production provide important breakthrough.
Oxide carried gold nanoparticle has become a kind of very promising in the aerobic oxidation reaction of alcohol Heterogeneous catalyst.It reacts to obtain the N- of amine by methanol aerobic oxidation on gold nanoparticle for example, Haruta et al. is reported Formylated.In addition, we have also investigated Au/MgAl2O4And Au/TiO2The amidation process of butanol and hexylamine on catalyst.Separately Outside, C7-C9 straight chain has been synthesized we have studied the coupling reaction that Au/NiO composite catalyst is used for furfural and bio-ethanol recently Paraffin shows high catalytic efficiency.The study found that on Au and oxide composite catalyst surface there are basic site, It can be effective for being coupled conversion reaction.But gold nanoparticle is easily reunited in coupling reaction process, causes to be catalyzed Agent inactivation, significantly limits the active raising of catalyst reaction, therefore how to realize that preventing gold nanoparticle reunion is in meat The hydrogenation deoxidation of cinnamic aldehyde and bio-ethanol prepares the key of Efficient Conversion in hydro carbons (C11-C13) liquid biological fuel reaction.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of golden and oxide carrier composite catalyzing is provided Agent and preparation method thereof, then using cinnamic acid and bio-ethanol as raw material, catalysis biological ethyl alcohol prepares hydro carbons liquid biological fuel. It is acetaldehyde (CH that the present invention, which promotes Ethanol activation using the Lacking oxygen of Oxide-supports,3CHO*), generated in-situ CH3CHO* It reacts with cinnamic acid in gold and oxide carrier contact interface, finally carries out full hydrogenation deoxidation with hydrogen and generate C11- C13 hydrocarbon compound is realized using a step coupling reaction come Synthin (C11-C13) liquid biological fuel.
Technical solution is as follows:
Gold and oxide composite catalyst of the present invention the preparation method comprises the following steps: using polyvinyl alcohol as protective agent, NaBH4 For reducing agent, the gold colloid of polyvinyl alcohol cladding is prepared；Then using oxide as carrier, using wet impregnation synthesis technology by matter The gold nanoparticle that amount score is 1%-3% is uniformly impregnated within oxide surface, and it is compound to obtain evenly dispersed gold and oxide Catalyst.
The oxide is nickel oxide, silica, ceria or titanium dioxide.
The specific steps of the preparation method of gold and oxide composite catalyst of the present invention are as follows:
(1) at room temperature, metal salt is soluble in water, sodium hydroxide solution is then added, is dispersed after being vigorously stirred Uniform suspension；Suspension is transferred in the hydrothermal reaction kettle of inner liner polytetrafluoroethylene, within the scope of 120 DEG C -200 DEG C, After being kept for constant temperature 0.2-3 days, room temperature is naturally cooled to；Then the product centrifugal filtration that will be obtained, washing precipitating, drying exist 1-3h is calcined at 300-500 DEG C, oxide carrier is made；
(2) polyvinyl alcohol of 0.5-2g is distributed in the hot water of 400mL, after it is completely dissolved, solution is cooled to Then room temperature is added the gold chloride of 20-60mg, rapidly joins sodium borohydride solution after lasting stirring, solution becomes dark brown, room Temperature is lower to keep 2-6h, obtains the gold colloid of polyvinyl alcohol cladding；
(3) oxide carrier prepared by 1g step (1) is added to the gold colloid for the polyvinyl alcohol cladding that step (2) obtains Middle stirring 1-5h, the product centrifugal filtration that will be obtained, washing precipitating, calcine 1-5h at 200-450 DEG C after drying, obtain gold and Oxide composite catalyst.
The metal salt is nickel salt, cerium salt, silicate or titanate.
The metal salt is nickel sulfate, cerous nitrate or butyl titanate.
The heating rate of calcining described in step (1) and (3) is 1-5 DEG C/min.
Au and NaBH in step (2)4Molar ratio be 0.5-2:5.
Gold obtained above and oxide composite catalyst are used for catalysis biological ethyl alcohol and prepare hydro carbons liquid biological fuel.
The catalysis biological ethyl alcohol prepares the reaction condition of hydro carbons liquid biological fuel are as follows: by ethyl alcohol, potassium carbonate, cortex cinnamomi Aldehyde, gold and oxide composite catalyst are placed in autoclave, are 100-150 DEG C in temperature, pressure is the sky of 0.5-2MPa 1-5h is continuously stirred under gas；Then by the air displacement in reaction kettle at the hydrogen of 0.5-2MPa, continue to be stirred to react.
Au nanoparticle is fixed on difference using the interaction between metal and carrier using wet impregnation by the present invention Oxide surface constructs gold and oxide complex catalyst system.Gold and oxide complex catalyst system are in cinnamic acid and life One step coupling reaction of object ethyl alcohol shows excellent catalytic during preparing C11-C13 hydrocarbon liquid bio-fuel Energy.Result of study shows that at the Surface Oxygen null position of oxide carrier, ethyl alcohol is activated first as aldehyde-base (CH3CHO*), Subsequent aldehyde-base moves to the interface of gold nanoparticle and oxide carrier and coupling reaction occurs for cinnamic acid, realizes cinnamic acid With the efficient conversion of ethyl alcohol, hydro carbons (C11-C13) liquid biological fuel is prepared.Such caltalyst ties up to cinnamic acid and ethyl alcohol one Good catalytic activity is demonstrated by step coupling reaction, the conversion ratio of cinnamic acid is the choosing of 80%, C11-C13 hydrocarbon Selecting property is up to 70%.The present invention is to design efficient catalyst, and the bio-fuel that bio-ethanol is converted into high-energy density is mentioned New guidance is supplied.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the approach that cinnamic acid and ethyl alcohol coupling reaction prepare C11-C13 hydrocarbon.
Fig. 2 is the XRD characterization of gold and oxidation nickel composite catalyst.
Fig. 3 is the Electronic Speculum characterization of gold and oxidation nickel composite catalyst.
Specific embodiment
To make those skilled in the art more fully understand technical solution of the present invention, below with reference to embodiment to the present invention A kind of gold provided and oxide composite catalyst and its preparation method and application are described in detail.Following embodiment is only used for It illustrates rather than for limiting the scope of the invention.
The preparation of 1 gold medal of embodiment and oxidation nickel composite catalyst:
(1) at room temperature, nickel sulfate is dissolved in 40mL water, the sodium hydroxide solution of 40mL0.1mol/L is then added, Finely dispersed suspension is obtained after being vigorously stirred 30min, is transferred into the hydrothermal reaction kettle of inner liner polytetrafluoroethylene, is risen Temperature is to 120 DEG C；After being kept for constant temperature one day at 120 DEG C, room temperature is naturally cooled to；The product centrifugal filtration that will be obtained, washing are heavy It forms sediment, then drying calcines 2h at 400 DEG C, nickel oxide carrier is made；
(2) PVA of 1g is distributed in the hot water of 400mL, after it is completely dissolved, solution is cooled to room temperature, then The gold chloride of 40mg is added, after persistently stirring 1h, rapidly joins sodium borohydride solution (molar ratio Au:NaBH4=1:5), solution Become dark brown, keep 4.5h at room temperature, obtains the gold colloid of polyvinyl alcohol cladding；
(3) in the gold colloid of polyvinyl alcohol cladding, 1g nickel oxide carrier is added, stirs 3h at room temperature, the production that will be obtained Object centrifugal filtration, washing precipitating are stayed overnight in 50 DEG C of drying, then calcine 2h at 300 DEG C, obtain gold and nickel oxide composite catalyzing Agent.
The heating rate of calcining described in step (1) and (3) is 2 DEG C/min.
Nickel sulfate used in the present invention is to analyze pure, purity >=99.0%, and sodium hydroxide is to analyze pure, purity >=99.5%, Polyvinyl alcohol is to analyze pure, purity >=99.0%, and sodium borohydride is to analyze pure, purity >=99.99%, and gold chloride is pure to analyze, Purity is 99.9%.
Fig. 2 gives the XRD spectra of gold and oxidation nickel composite catalyst, is located at 37.5 °, 43.6 ° and 63.2 ° positions in figure Three spikes at place correspond respectively to { 111 } of nickel oxide carrier, { 200 } and { 220 } crystal face, do not have gold nanoparticle in figure Diffraction maximum occurs, and shows that gold nanoparticle is highly dispersed at nickel oxide surfaces.
Fig. 3 gives the morphology characterization of gold and oxidation nickel composite catalyst, can be clearly seen that nickel oxide carries from Fig. 3 a Body is uniform nanometer sheet, and average-size is about 120nm × 140nm.Gold nanoparticle is evenly dispersed in nickel oxide carrier Surface, the size of gold nanoparticle is about in 3.2 ± 0.5nm.It can see from Fig. 3 b, the interplanar distance of gold nanoparticle is The interplanar distance of 0.23nm, { 111 } crystal face of corresponding gold nanoparticle, nickel oxide are 0.209nm, illustrate that nickel oxide carrier is sudden and violent Reveal { 200 } crystal face, Cong Tuzhong is it will be clear that gold nanoparticle is deposited on { 200 } crystal face of nickel oxide carrier.
Application Example gold and oxidation nickel composite catalyst catalyze and synthesize hydro carbons (C11-C13) liquid biological fuel
Using cinnamic acid and bio-ethanol as raw material, using a step coupling reaction come Synthin (C11-C13) liquid biological combustion The reaction of material is continuously stirred in autoclave in 10mL and is carried out.By 3mL ethyl alcohol, 10mg potassium carbonate, 40mg cinnamic acid and 10mg Catalyst be placed in autoclave, temperature be 130 DEG C, pressure be 1MPa air under continuously stir 4h.Then it carries out Hydrogenation deoxidation process continues after stirring a period of time by the air displacement in reaction kettle at the hydrogen of 1MPa, stops reaction.Instead Answer in kettle supernatant by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (Agilent GC/MS7890B-5977A) on-line analysis.
As can be seen from Table 1, gold and oxidation nickel composite catalyst are shown in cinnamic acid and the reaction of ethyl alcohol hydrogenation deoxidation Strong reactivity, the selectivity that wherein conversion ratio of cinnamic acid can reach 80%, C11-C13 hydrocarbon are up to 70%.
1. different catalysts of table occur coupling reaction in cinnamic acid and ethyl alcohol and prepare in C11-C13 hydrocarbon reaction Catalytic performance
Fig. 1 gives gold and oxidation nickel composite catalyst using cinnamic acid and ethyl alcohol as raw material, utilizes a step coupling reaction Synthesis
Reaction condition: 10mg catalyst, 26uL cinnamic acid, 10mg K2CO3, 3mL ethyl alcohol, 4h, 1MPa air.
Response path during C11-C13 hydrocarbon, analysis the result shows that, in nickel oxide carrier surface Lacking oxygen Place, Ethanol activation are acetaldehyde (CH3CHO*), the CH of generation3CHO* species occur at gold and nickel oxide carrier interface with cinnamic acid Coupling reaction is reacted finally by hydrogenation deoxidation, obtains C11-C13 hydrocarbon.
The morphology controllable synthesis of nano-structured calalyst not only contributes to prepare advanced catalysis agent, Er Qieneng for goal response The deep enough structure-activity relationship understood between catalyst structure and reactivity worth.The present invention is using polyvinyl alcohol as protective agent, NaBH4For Reducing agent prepares Au:PVP colloid, has then successfully constructed gold and oxide composite catalyst using wet impregnation synthesis technology, Lacking oxygen and metal using Oxide-supports and the strong interaction between carrier, realize ethyl alcohol to aldehyde-base (CH3CHO* activation) then realizes the coupling of aldehyde-base and cinnamic acid in gold nanoparticle and oxide carrier interface Reaction.
Example of the invention is explained in detail above in conjunction with embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to examples detailed above, Within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art, it can also make without departing from the purpose of the present invention Various change also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. it is a kind of gold and oxide composite catalyst preparation method, which is characterized in that this method using polyvinyl alcohol as protective agent, NaBH4For reducing agent, the gold colloid of polyvinyl alcohol cladding is prepared；Then using oxide as carrier, work is synthesized using wet impregnation The gold nanoparticle that mass fraction is 1%-3% is uniformly impregnated within oxide surface by skill, obtains evenly dispersed gold and oxidation Object composite catalyst.
2. the preparation method of gold and oxide composite catalyst according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the oxidation Object is nickel oxide, silica, ceria or titanium dioxide.
3. a kind of preparation method of gold and oxide composite catalyst, which is characterized in that the specific steps of the method are as follows:
(1) at room temperature, metal salt is soluble in water, sodium hydroxide solution is then added, is uniformly dispersed after being vigorously stirred Suspension；Suspension is transferred in the hydrothermal reaction kettle of inner liner polytetrafluoroethylene, within the scope of 120 DEG C -200 DEG C, is kept After constant temperature 0.2-3 days, room temperature is naturally cooled to；The product centrifugal filtration that will be obtained, washing precipitating, drying, then in 300-500 1-3h is calcined at DEG C, and oxide carrier is made；
(2) polyvinyl alcohol of 0.5-2g is distributed in the hot water of 400mL, after it is completely dissolved, solution is cooled to room temperature, Then the gold chloride of 20-60mg is added, rapidly joins sodium borohydride solution after lasting stirring, solution becomes dark brown, at room temperature 2-6h is kept, the gold colloid of polyvinyl alcohol cladding is obtained；
(3) oxide carrier prepared by 1g step (1) is added in the gold colloid for the polyvinyl alcohol cladding that step (2) obtains and is stirred 1-5h is mixed, the product centrifugal filtration that will be obtained, washing precipitating calcines 1-5h at 200-450 DEG C after drying, obtains gold and oxidation Object composite catalyst.
4. the preparation method of gold and oxide composite catalyst according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the metal Salt is nickel salt, cerium salt, silicate or titanate.
5. the preparation method of gold and oxide composite catalyst according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the metal Salt is nickel sulfate, cerous nitrate or butyl titanate.
6. it is according to claim 3 gold and oxide composite catalyst preparation method, which is characterized in that step (1) and (3) heating rate of the calcining described in is 1-5 DEG C/min.
7. the preparation method of gold and oxide composite catalyst according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in step (2) Au and NaBH4Molar ratio be 0.5-2:5.
8. the gold and oxide composite catalyst catalysis biological ethyl alcohol that are prepared according to any method of claim 3-7 Prepare the application of hydro carbons liquid biological fuel.
9. application according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the catalysis biological ethyl alcohol prepares the combustion of hydro carbons liquid biological The reaction condition of material are as follows: ethyl alcohol, potassium carbonate, cinnamic acid, gold and oxide composite catalyst are placed in autoclave, in temperature Degree is 100-150 DEG C, continuously stirs 1-5h under the air that pressure is 0.5-2MPa；Then by the air displacement in reaction kettle at The hydrogen of 0.5-2MPa continues to be stirred to react.
CN201910684463.7A 2019-07-27 2019-07-27 A kind of gold prepares the application of hydro carbons liquid biological fuel with the preparation method and its catalysis biological ethyl alcohol of oxide carrier composite catalyst Pending CN110479304A (en)

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Cited By (1)

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CN118059885A (en) * 2024-01-30 2024-05-24 南京工业大学 Gold-loaded heterogeneous catalyst and preparation method and application thereof

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