CN110479209A - A kind of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110479209A CN110479209A CN201910825330.7A CN201910825330A CN110479209A CN 110479209 A CN110479209 A CN 110479209A CN 201910825330 A CN201910825330 A CN 201910825330A CN 110479209 A CN110479209 A CN 110479209A
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/14—Diatomaceous earth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
- B01J20/2808—Pore diameter being less than 2 nm, i.e. micropores or nanopores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
- B01J20/28083—Pore diameter being in the range 2-50 nm, i.e. mesopores
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material, comprising the following steps: (1) after containing carbon matrix precursor, activator and natural minerals mixing, crushes to obtain powder mixture；(2) mixture is subjected to calcination process, be cooled to room temperature, after reaction product pickling, be washed to neutrality, then natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material obtained by drying after filtering；Wherein: the carbon matrix precursor that contains is one or more of catalytic cracked oil pulp, pitch and decompression residuum.After the present invention is by carrying out activation combined processing for natural minerals and active carbon, manufactured composite material not only can be improved to the organic matter and chloride ion absorption property in sewage, but also can reduce significantly production cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to active carbon processing technique fields, and in particular to a kind of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material and its
Preparation method.
Background technique
Water is extremely important compound in human life, and water accounts for about 60% in human body, and water is also production food, production clothes
Fill and safeguard the valuable source of our health and environments, therefore obtain safe drinking water all over the world to seem extremely important.With
China's industrialization, urbanization paces obviously raise speed, a large amount of miscellaneous waste water are discharged, and network of waterways water quality is serious
Exceeded, sudden water pollution event happens occasionally, such as the pollution of source water phenol, breakout of water bloom and heavy metal pollution, these sewage
Discharge, ambient enviroment is caused and cannot be neglected influence, this more aobvious rareness of freshwater resources for keeping script reserves not rich.Sewage
It not only breaks up natural environment, endanger human health, and freshwater resources more aobvious shortage in the future can be made, therefore, it is dirty to solve above-mentioned water
Dye problem, which seems, to be even more important.
Drinking Water safety problem is solved, is reforming technology in water ring section emphasis processed, current water supply treatment plant generally adopts
It is aided with tiny flocculation-oxidizing process of permanganate to the Coagulation Method based on inorganic polymer flocculant to purify water, for
Conventional purification of water quality has certain effect, but its working condition is difficult to control, price is more expensive, the environmental effect and iron of residual aluminum
Salt, the remaining coloration of permanganate and highly corrosive, can also affect human health, therefore, those skilled in the art mention
Go out and water pollution processing is carried out using absorption method, be one by porous material (specific surface area is larger) or there is special selectivity
The technology that the material of adsorption group adsorbs some substances (pollutant need to recycle substance), can not only complete purification of waste water
Target can also be achieved the resource utilization of waste.Natural minerals are a kind of natural crystalloid hydrous magnesium aluminium by taking attapulgite as an example
The nonmetallic clay mineral of silicate, special structure and biggish specific surface area determine it with good absorption property
And colloidal nature；The pollution such as pesticide, disinfection by-products and micro quantity organic pollutant in drinking water can be not only adsorbed well
Substance, moreover it is possible to effectively remove the micro heavies such as iron, manganese, copper, mercury, chromium, the arsenic in water, be widely used in Industrial Wastewater Treatment
In drinking water advanced treatment, but natural minerals class adsorbent is to the organic matter and chloride ion in trade effluent or drinking water source
Adsorption capacity is relatively low and the production cost of adsorbent is usually relatively high, therefore, develops a kind of pair of organic matter and chloride ion
Adsorption capacity is high and adsorbent that production cost is low, one of the technical issues of being those skilled in the art's urgent need to resolve.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a kind of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material and preparation method thereof,
After natural minerals and active carbon are carried out activation combined processing, manufactured composite material both can be improved to having in sewage
Machine object and chloride ion absorption property, and production cost can be reduced significantly.
Technical solution proposed by the present invention is as follows:
A kind of preparation method of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material, comprising the following steps:
(1) carbon matrix precursor, activator and natural minerals will be contained after mixing, and will crush to obtain powder mixture；
(2) mixture is subjected to calcination process, be cooled to room temperature, after reaction product pickling, be washed to neutrality, then after filtering
Natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material obtained by drying；
Wherein: the carbon matrix precursor that contains is one or more of catalytic cracked oil pulp, pitch and decompression residuum.
Preferably, the activator is KOH, NaOH, ZnCl2、K2CO3、Na2CO3One or more of.
Preferably, the mass ratio containing carbon matrix precursor and activator is 1:0.5 ~ 1:4；Natural minerals with contain carbon matrix precursor
Mass ratio be 1:0.2 ~ 1:5.
Preferably, in step (2), calcination process temperature is 300 ~ 900 DEG C, preferably 600 ~ 900 DEG C.
Preferably, the calcination process time is 0.5 ~ 10h；Preferably 1 ~ 3h.
Preferably, calcination process need to carry out in the environment of protection gas, and the protection gas is in nitrogen, argon gas and helium
It is one or more of.
Preferably, the natural minerals are one or more of attapulgite, bentonite, vermiculite, diatomite.
Preferably, in step (2), acid solution used in pickling is hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid.
The invention also discloses a kind of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material, natural minerals/work as described in any of the above-described
The preparation method of property carbon composite is prepared.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following technical advantage:
(1) threadiness or laminar structured is presented in natural minerals of the present invention, itself has pore structure abundant, In
While providing specific surface area, also to provide template containing carbon matrix precursor, when it reaches with carbon containing precursor mixture in heating
It is in good flow regime containing carbon matrix precursor at 300 °C or more, can be well in conjunction with natural minerals, and equably coat
On the surface of natural minerals, when temperature reaches 800 °C, containing carbon matrix precursor under the action of activator one step in-situ activation and same
When be carbonized, formed fiber surface package porous activated carbon；Composite material produced by the present invention have it is abundant it is mesoporous (2 ~
50nm)-micropore (< 2nm) is layered pore structure, when composite material and absorbate (organic matter and chloride ion etc.) contact, greatly
The mesoporous of amount is capable of providing transmission channel and cushion space, quickly absorb absorbate and be transmitted to it is internal be interconnected it is a large amount of
Micropore, micropore provides main absorption place as adsorption site, with single microcellular structure active carbon made from conventional activation method
It compares, the absorption to organic matter and chloride ion etc. can be improved in mesoporous-micropore layered structure of composite material prepared by the present invention
Amount and adsorption efficiency；Simultaneously as the three dimensional monolithic structure (fiber, lamella etc.) of natural minerals, compared to the nothing of normal activated carbon
It is formed block structure, accumulation bring space can be improved the wellability to liquid between compound monomer obtained, and provide
Fluid transfer macroscopically acts synergistically with internal multistage pore canal, greatlys improve adsorption efficiency.
(2) present invention is directlyed adopt containing carbon matrix precursor and natural minerals, and under the action of activator, reaction, which generates, to be had greatly
The composite material of adsorption capacity eliminates conventional raw material the step for first using carbon containing precursor preparation active carbon, used
Cheap and type is few, and preparation process is simple, and repeatability is high, strong operability, and gained natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material is stablized
Property is good, can effectively remove the pollutants such as organic matter, heavy metal ion and the chloride ion in trade effluent or drinking water source, Bu Huizao
At secondary pollution, comprehensive performance is superior.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph made from embodiment 1 in the present invention
Fig. 2 is natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material graph of pore diameter distribution made from embodiment 1 in the present invention
Fig. 3 is natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material graph of pore diameter distribution made from embodiment 1 in the present invention
Fig. 4 is natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material absorption/desorption curve figure made from embodiment 1 in the present invention
Fig. 5 is natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material XRD test chart made from embodiment 1 in the present invention
Fig. 6 is the XRD test chart of untreated attapulgite material
Fig. 7 is that natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material methyl blue made from embodiment 1 adsorbs test result figure in the present invention
Fig. 8 is that natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material chlorine made from embodiment 1 adsorbs test result figure in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
First with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
(1) 10g asphalt powder, 20g KOH powder and 20g attapulgite are weighed, is placed in pulverizer and stirs 2min, obtain uniform powder
Shape mixture；
(2) mixture is placed in corundum porcelain boat, places into horizontal pipe furnace and is passed through nitrogen, by the temperature in horizontal pipe furnace
Degree is warming up to 800 °C with the rate of 10 °C/min and maintains 60min, to the temperature cooled to room temperature in horizontal pipe furnace
After take out reaction product；Product is put into beaker and 1L water is added and is stirred, while concentrated hydrochloric acid is constantly added dropwise and measures at any time
The pH value of solution is finally washed with water to neutrality, is placed in baking oven until stopping that hydrochloric acid is added dropwise when pH value is 2, does under 80 °C
It is dry to obtain natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material.
Embodiment 2
(1) 10g catalytic cracked oil pulp, 20g NaOH powder and 10g bentonite are weighed, is placed in pulverizer and stirs 3min, is obtained
Even powder mixture；
(2) mixture is placed in corundum porcelain boat, places into horizontal pipe furnace and is passed through nitrogen, by the temperature in horizontal pipe furnace
Degree is warming up to 700 °C with the rate of 15 °C/min and maintains 90min, to the temperature cooled to room temperature in horizontal pipe furnace
After take out reaction product；Product is put into beaker and 1L water is added and is stirred, while concentrated hydrochloric acid is constantly added dropwise and measures at any time
The pH value of solution is finally washed with water to neutrality, is placed in baking oven until stopping that hydrochloric acid is added dropwise when pH value is 2, does under 90 °C
It is dry to obtain natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material.
Embodiment 3
(1) 10g decompression residuum, 20g ZnCl are weighed2Powder and 5g vermiculite, are placed in pulverizer and stir 5min, obtain uniform powder
Shape mixture；
(2) mixture is placed in corundum porcelain boat, places into horizontal pipe furnace and is passed through nitrogen, by the temperature in horizontal pipe furnace
Degree is warming up to 900 °C with the rate of 20 °C/min and maintains 100min, to the temperature cooled to room temperature in horizontal pipe furnace
After take out reaction product；Product is put into beaker and 1L water is added and is stirred, while concentrated hydrochloric acid is constantly added dropwise and measures at any time
The pH value of solution is finally washed with water to neutrality, is placed in baking oven, under 100 °C until stopping that hydrochloric acid is added dropwise when pH value is 2
It is dried to obtain natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material.
Performance measurement
By taking natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material obtained in embodiment 1 as an example, its structure feature and absorption property are carried out
Measurement.
Natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material electron-microscope scanning
Morphology analysis is carried out to sample using scanning electron microscope (SEM):
As shown in Figure 1, the composite material obtained by the preparation process in embodiment 1 can see three-dimensional for (20,000 times) under Electronic Speculum
Monomer packed structures.
Natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material specific surface area and pore-size distribution measurement
This item test is completed by full-automatic specific surface area and Porosimetry, and test result carries out specific surface integral using BET method
Analysis carries out pore-size distribution using BJH desorption method and pore volume is analyzed；
Natural minerals made from embodiment 1/absorbent charcoal composite material specific surface area is 1004.4 m2/ g is better than normal activated carbon
(600 ~ 900 m2/ g)；Average pore size is 6.13 nm, and pore volume is 0.41 cm3/ g, average pore size and pore volume are big, the structure
The various impurity being more advantageous in absorption effluent.As shown in Figures 2 and 3, composite material pore-size distribution made from embodiment 1 is wide,
It is distributed in 0.4 ~ 50 nm, it was demonstrated that it is mesoporous-micropore hierarchical porous structure.
Natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material absorption/desorption performance measurement
Composite material made from embodiment 1 is carried out using nitrogen adsorption desorption method to adsorb/desorption performance measurement, is tested by full-automatic
Nitrogen adsorption tester is completed.
Test result curve is as shown in figure 4, absorption/desorption curve type in figure meets IV class in Brunauer classification
Type, there are an apparent stagnant ring in curve, stagnant ring meets H3 type, and this kind of stagnant ring reflects material, and there are meso-hole structures, and
And in low pressure zone (0 ~ 0.1P/P0) there is apparent rising, instruction wherein also contains a large amount of micropore, it was demonstrated that material is multistage
Pore structure is consistent with the data of pore size distribution.
Natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material XRD test
Crystal analysis is carried out to the composite material that embodiment 1 is worth using x-ray powder diffraction instrument (XRD).By powdered samples
It is filled on stainless steel sample platform, its surface is struck off and is maintained an equal level with above sample cell, x-ray bombardment angle is 5 ~ 90 °.
As shown in fig. 6, there are multiple more sharp peaks, from bumps in the XRD spectra of untreated attapulgite material
The oxides such as aluminium and silicon in stick soil, accordingly, in Fig. 5, original sharp peak has disappeared, and shows typical activity
The peak type of charcoal, it was demonstrated that in recombination process, active carbon coats attapulgite completely, and the oxides such as aluminium and silicon are also capped, therefore
In Fig. 5, occur without corresponding peak.
The test of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material methyl blue absorption property
Absorption property test is carried out using methyl blue absorption method: weighing composite material made from a certain amount of embodiment 1 and dress is added
Have in the conical flask of methyl blue solution, be put into constant temperature oscillator, a period of time of oscillation absorption at a certain temperature, oscillation terminates
Membrane filtration is used afterwards, uses the extinction of methyl blue in ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (absorbing wavelength is 668 nm) measurement filtrate
Degree, finally calculates the concentration of methyl blue in filtrate according to methyl blue solution standard curve.
Test results are shown in figure 7, shows untreated attapulgite material and natural minerals/activity in the figure simultaneously
The absorption comparison of carbon composite methyl blue, the results showed that, natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material made from embodiment 1 is adsorbing
In the process, removal rate is consistently higher than untreated attapulgite material, and removal rate is up to 89% after 100 min tend towards stability.
The test of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material chloride ion absorption property
Absorption property test is carried out using chloride ion absorption method: spending CO at a certain temperature2Water and potassium chloride are made into certain dense
Composite material made from a certain amount of embodiment 1 is added in the solution of degree, after shaking 24 h, concentration before and after sampling analysis chloride ion
Variation measures chlorine ion concentration with spectrophotometry.
Measurement result as shown in figure 8, show untreated attapulgite material and natural minerals/activity simultaneously in the figure
The absorption comparison of carbon composite chlorine, the results showed that, natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material is in adsorption process made from embodiment 1
In, removal effect is substantially better than untreated attapulgite material, and removal rate is up to 81.4% when 120min.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
(1) carbon matrix precursor, activator and natural minerals will be contained after mixing, and will crush to obtain powder mixture；
(2) mixture is subjected to calcination process, be cooled to room temperature, after reaction product pickling, be washed to neutrality, then after filtering
Natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material obtained by drying；
Wherein: the carbon matrix precursor that contains is one or more of catalytic cracked oil pulp, pitch and decompression residuum.
2. a kind of preparation method of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating activator is KOH, NaOH, ZnCl2、K2CO3、Na2CO3One or more of.
3. a kind of preparation method of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating the mass ratio containing carbon matrix precursor and activator is 1:0.5 ~ 1:4；Natural minerals and the mass ratio containing carbon matrix precursor be 1:0.2 ~
1:5。
4. a kind of preparation method of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly in (2), calcination process temperature is 300 ~ 900 DEG C, preferably 600 ~ 900 DEG C.
5. a kind of preparation method of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: roasting
Burning the processing time is 0.5 ~ 10h；Preferably 1 ~ 3h.
6. a kind of preparation method of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: roasting
Burning processing need to carry out in the environment of protection gas, and the protection gas is one or more of nitrogen, argon gas and helium.
7. a kind of preparation method of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating natural minerals is one or more of attapulgite, bentonite, vermiculite, diatomite.
8. a kind of preparation method of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
Suddenly in (2), acid solution used in pickling is hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid.
9. a kind of natural minerals/absorbent charcoal composite material, it is characterised in that: by any one of the claim 1-8 natural minerals/
The preparation method of absorbent charcoal composite material is prepared.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111558363A (en) * | 2020-05-30 | 2020-08-21 | 深圳市儒碳新材料科技有限公司 | Asphalt-based one-shell multi-core magnetic carbon ball and preparation method thereof |
| CN113244885A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-13 | 龙岩市华研活性炭科技有限公司 | Modified activated carbon for aquarium filtration and adsorption and preparation method thereof |
| CN114768763A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-22 | 山西新华防化装备研究院有限公司 | Activated carbon attapulgite composite adsorption material and preparation method thereof |
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