CN110474374A - A kind of wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system and capacity optimization method - Google Patents
A kind of wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system and capacity optimization method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/007—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
- F03D9/18—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
- F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/20—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using chemical reactions, e.g. thermochemical reactions or isomerisation reactions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system and capacity optimization methods, the system is by wind-powered electricity generation subsystem, photovoltaic subsystem, electric heater, heat reservoir and matched Steam Turbine are formed, electric heater is mainly used for that the form that extra abandonment electric energy and abandoning photoelectricity can be converted to thermal energy being stored in heat reservoir when system contributes and is greater than workload demand；When system power output is less than workload demand, heat reservoir discharges the power generation of thermal energy pushing turbine group；The present invention maximizes energy utilization rate and channel utilization index is optimization aim, construct fitness function according to the scheduling strategy of system, obtain optimal capacity ratio using differential evolution algorithm solution to minimize levelized cost LCOE.Combined generating system of the invention can effectively adjust wind-powered electricity generation photovoltaic power output, improve channel utilization index and energy utilization rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system and capacity optimization methods, belong to energy source optimization benefit
Use technical field.
Background technique
With the development of society, energy problem and environmental problem become focus concerned by people.Thermoelectricity is still at present
The maximum forms of electricity generation of accounting, but conventional thermal power station can not only consume a large amount of fossil energy, but also fossil fuel combustion process
In generated emission serious pollution can be caused to environment, do not meet " sustainable development " strategy.There is scholar to propose to use
Biomass fuel replaces traditional fossil fuel, but biomass fuel supply is limited, and still can arrange in combustion process
The greenhouse gases of amplification quantity.Wind-power electricity generation and photovoltaic power generation have become more and more important forms of electricity generation, due to wind, light resource
All there is intermittent and unstability, the schedulability and flexibility of individual wind power plant and photovoltaic plant be not high, Er Qieqi
The power quality problem of power grid is likely to result in during grid-connected.
Conventional wind-light complementary system is usually using battery group as energy-storage units, but battery group has stringent fill
The disadvantages of electric discharge limitation, cycle life is short, expensive, and the relative low price of heat reservoir, and heat reservoir is not only easy
It is built in large-scale and heat accumulation efficiency is up to 95%-97%, therefore using heat reservoir as the storage of wind-light complementary system
Higher economic benefit may be implemented in energy device.
About the capacity optimization problem of wind-light complementary system, there are many relevant researchs both at home and abroad.Wu Hongbin, Chen Bin,
The capacity of hybrid energy-storing unit optimizes [J] Journal of Agricultural Engineering in Guo Caiyun wind and solar hybrid generating system, 2011,27 (04):
241-245 improves the power supply of wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic combined generating system using battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy-storing unit can
By property, and establish the capacity Optimized model of hybrid energy-storing unit.But use battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy-storing list
Member is expensive, is unfavorable for Large scale construction.Wang Le is scared, Wei Zhiyong, Song Jie, Liu Haijun wind-powered electricity generation-water-storage joint system
Optimization operation study [J] the power grid and clean energy resource of system, 2014,30 (02): 70-75 has studied wind-powered electricity generation-water-storage mixing hair
The behavioral characteristics of electric system, and optimize wind-powered electricity generation-water-storage hybrid power system capacity with genetic algorithm, but draw water
Storage station is serious to be limited by geographical conditions.Yang Yong, Guo Su, Liu Qunming, Li Rong wind-powered electricity generation-CSP combined generating system are excellent
Change operation study [J] Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018,38 (S1): 151-157 have studied wind-powered electricity generation-photo-thermal combined generating system
Scheduling strategy, and propose to reduce abandonment loss using electric heater, improve the reliability of power supply.But this article is mainly ground
Study carefully the scheduling strategy of power station combined operating, the economic evaluation before not considering each power plant construction.Photo-thermal power station involves great expense, and collects
Thermal field part occupies 50% construction cost, and set forth herein use wind power plant and the extra electric energy of photovoltaic plant to pass through electric heating
Device is converted into thermal energy, and as the heat source of heat reservoir, the effect of heat collecting field in photo-thermal power station is replaced with this, can effectively be subtracted
The cost of investment of few combined generating system.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system and capacity optimization methods, with most
Smallization levelized cost LCOE, maximizing energy utilization rate and channel utilization index is optimization aim, according to the scheduling strategy of system
Fitness function is constructed, optimal capacity ratio is obtained using differential evolution algorithm solution, can effectively adjust wind-powered electricity generation photovoltaic
Power output improves channel utilization index and energy utilization rate.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system, by wind-powered electricity generation subsystem, photovoltaic subsystem, electric heater, heat accumulation
System and Steam Turbine are constituted；The wind-powered electricity generation subsystem generates electricity to generate electricity after over commutation with photovoltaic subsystem and can share directly
Bus is flowed, then by inversion, is connected to the grid after boosting；
The heat reservoir includes cold tank, hot tank and conveyance conduit；The cold tank is used to store 288 DEG C of cold salt, institute
Hot tank is stated for storing 565 DEG C of hot salt；The cold salt stored in the cold tank is transported in electric heater through conveyance conduit to be heated
It is transported in hot tank after to 565 DEG C；The hot salt stored in the hot tank and the device of working medium in Steam Turbine are transported to cold after exchanging heat
Tank；
The heat reservoir is for by the fluctuation electric energy of wind-powered electricity generation subsystem and photovoltaic subsystem and beyond channel capacity
Electric energy is stored in hot salt in the form of thermal energy, when the output electric energy deficiency channel capacity of wind-powered electricity generation subsystem and photovoltaic subsystem
When, heat reservoir discharges thermal energy to which pushing turbine group generates electricity；
The Steam Turbine is by preheater, evaporator, superheater, reheater, high pressure cylinder, low pressure (LP) cylinder, oxygen-eliminating device, condenser
It is constituted with generating set；The Steam Turbine is used for when combined generating system power output is less than burden requirement, by the storage
Thermal energy in hot systems is converted to power output to power grid；
The electric heater is used to the electric energy that wind-powered electricity generation subsystem and photovoltaic subsystem are more than channel capacity being converted to heat
The form of energy is stored in heat reservoir.
Electric heater above-mentioned uses 4160V medium voltage network.
Heat reservoir release thermal energy above-mentioned generates electricity to pushing turbine group, comprising:
Hot salt in the hot tank of heat reservoir successively passes through superheater, evaporator, preheater, by thermal energy with the side of convective heat transfer
Formula passes to device of working medium, is then return in the cold tank of heat reservoir；Device of working medium successively passes through preheater, evaporator, superheater with
It is converted into the steam of high temperature and pressure after hot salt heat exchange, the wheel rotation in high pressure cylinder and low pressure (LP) cylinder is pushed, to push power generation
Unit generation.
A kind of capacity optimization method of wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system, comprising:
(1) optimization aim is established；The combined generating system is minimized with levelized cost, channel utilization index maximize and
Energy utilization rate maximum turns to optimization aim；
(2) optimization aim fitness function is constructed；
(3) program code that fitness function is write in application software is write solution based on differential evolution algorithm and is adapted to
Spend the program code of function；
(4) program code for solving fitness function is run multiple times, obtains the optimal capacity under Different Optimization weight
Proportion.
Levelized cost calculation formula above-mentioned is as follows:
Wherein, LCOE indicates levelized cost, ICw, ICtes, ICpvAnd ICEHRespectively indicate wind-powered electricity generation subsystem, heat reservoir,
The initial outlay cost of photovoltaic subsystem and electric heater, ACw, ACtes, ACpvAnd ACPBRespectively indicate wind-powered electricity generation subsystem, heat accumulation system
System, the annual cost of investment of photovoltaic subsystem and Steam Turbine, Ew, EPBAnd EpvRespectively indicate wind-powered electricity generation subsystem, Steam Turbine
With the first annual electricity generating capacity of photovoltaic subsystem, dw, dcspAnd dpvWind-powered electricity generation subsystem is respectively indicated, Steam Turbine and photovoltaic subsystem are every
The attenuation rate in year, i indicate discount rate, and N indicates life expectancy.
Channel utilization index above-mentioned refers to the ratio of the total electricity volume of combined generating system and annual channel capacity.
Energy utilization rate above-mentioned refers to the ratio of combined generating system total electricity volume and system gross capability.
Fitness function above-mentioned are as follows:
Wherein, Fitness indicates fitness function, ω1, ω2, ω3The optimization weight of three optimization aims is respectively indicated,
Rate_way is channel utilization index, and rate_energy is energy utilization rate.
In optimization process above-mentioned, operation
[Xm, Fv]=DE (@Fitness, S, c1, c2, w, D, M),
Wherein, Xm is optimal capacity ratio, and Fv is adaptive optimal control degree functional value, and S is initial population number, and c1, c2 are study
The factor, D are solution vector dimension, and w is inertia weight, and M is iterative steps；
The solution vector is by wind-powered electricity generation subsystem, photovoltaic subsystem capacity, heat accumulation duration and Steam Turbine capacity structure
At four dimensional vectors.
Initial population above-mentioned is made of multiple four-dimensional vectors being randomly generated.
The beneficial effects obtained by the present invention are as follows are as follows:
Combined generating system of the invention can effectively adjust wind-powered electricity generation photovoltaic power output, and improving channel utilization index and the energy makes
With rate.
Combined generating system of the invention can effectively reduce the abandonment loss of wind power plant and the abandoning light loss of photovoltaic plant
It loses.
Cost of investment can be effectively reduced compared to wind-powered electricity generation-photo-thermal association system in combined generating system of the invention, tool
There is higher economic benefit.
Association system of the invention can efficiently use the Steam Turbine of small thermal power station, reduce fossil energy use and
The discharge of pollutant.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic of the invention-heat accumulation combined generating system structural block diagram.
Fig. 2 is the assessment curve of apoplexy of embodiment of the present invention resource data.
Fig. 3 is the assessment curve of light resource data in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is wind-powered electricity generation power curve in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is photovoltaic power curve in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the optimizing path in the embodiment of the present invention under Different Optimization weight；Fig. 6 (a) is ω1=0.2, ω2=0.6,
ω3=0.2 optimizing path；Fig. 6 (b) is ω1=0.2, ω2=0.5, ω3=0.3 optimizing path；Fig. 6 (c) is ω1=
0.2, ω2=0.4, ω3=0.4 optimizing path；Fig. 6 (d) is ω1=0.3, ω2=0.4, ω3=0.3 optimizing path；Figure
6 (e) be ω1=0.4, ω2=0.3, ω3=0.3 optimizing path；Fig. 6 (f) is ω1=0.6, ω2=0.2, ω3=0.2
Optimizing path.
Fig. 7 is that typical day in the four seasons, whether there is or not energy storage wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic combined generating system power output comparisons in the embodiment of the present invention；Figure
7 (a) represent daily output comparison for spring；Fig. 7 (b) is to represent daily output comparison summer；Fig. 7 (c) is to represent daily output pair in autumn
Than；Fig. 7 (d) is to represent daily output comparison winter.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below.Following embodiment is only used for clearly illustrating technical side of the invention
Case, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system, and referring to Fig. 1, the combined generating system is by wind-powered electricity generation
Subsystem, photovoltaic subsystem, electric heater, heat reservoir and matched Steam Turbine are formed.Wind-powered electricity generation subsystem and photovoltaic
Subsystem is the main generator unit of combined generating system, wind-powered electricity generation subsystem generate electricity can after over commutation with photovoltaic subsystem institute
Power generation energy general DC busbar is connected to the grid after boosting then by inversion.
Heat reservoir includes cold tank, hot tank, heat-conducting work medium (fuse salt), heat accumulation working medium (fuse salt) and conveyance conduit institute
Composition, the main function of heat reservoir are the power output periods for adjusting combined generating system, and gentle system goes out fluctuation.
Fuse salt is mainly by 60%NaNO3And 40KNO3It is formed；The cold tank of heat reservoir is used to store 288 DEG C of cold salt,
Hot tank is used to store 565 DEG C of hot salt；The fuse salt stored in cold tank is after pipeline is heated to 565 DEG C into electric heater
It is transported in hot tank；It is transported in cold tank after device of working medium heat exchange in the fuse salt and Steam Turbine stored in hot tank.
Heat reservoir as a storage element, can by the fluctuation electric energy of wind-powered electricity generation subsystem and photovoltaic subsystem and
Electric energy beyond channel capacity is stored in heat accumulation working medium in the form of thermal energy, defeated when wind-powered electricity generation subsystem and photovoltaic subsystem
Out when electric energy deficiency channel capacity, heat reservoir can discharge the thermal energy in heat accumulation working medium to pushing turbine group generate electricity, because
This heat reservoir can play the adjustment power output period, gentle processing fluctuation, to improve energy utilization rate and channel utilization index
Effect.
Steam Turbine is by preheater, evaporator, superheater, reheater, high pressure cylinder HP, low pressure (LP) cylinder LP, oxygen-eliminating device, condensation
Device, the composition such as heater (H1-H4) and generating set, the main function of Steam Turbine are when system power output is less than burden requirement
When, the thermal energy in heat reservoir is converted to power output to power grid by Steam Turbine.
Fuse salt in the hot tank of heat reservoir successively passes through superheater, evaporator, preheater, by thermal energy with convective heat transfer
Mode passes to device of working medium, is then return in the cold tank of heat reservoir.Device of working medium successively passes through preheater, evaporator, superheater
Steam with high temperature and pressure is converted into after fuse salt heat exchange, pushes the wheel rotation in high pressure cylinder HP and low pressure (LP) cylinder LP, thus
Generating set power generation is driven, the process that the thermal energy in heat reservoir is converted to electric energy is realized.
The effect of preheater is that device of working medium is preheating to certain temperature, and the effect of evaporator is to be heated to being saturated by device of working medium
Steam, the effect of superheater are that saturated vapor is heated to superheated steam, and the effect of reheater is to improve turbine low pressure cylinder
Vapor (steam) temperature, the effect of oxygen-eliminating device remove the oxygen in preheater entrance device of working medium, and the effect of condenser is low pressure (LP) cylinder
Mouthful place steam condensation Cheng Shui, high pressure cylinder HP and low pressure (LP) cylinder LP under the promotion of steam wheel rotation so that generating set be driven to send out
Electricity, the effect of heater H1-H4 are that the device of working medium of high pressure cylinder and low pressure (LP) cylinder exit is heated to certain temperature.
Electric heater be using the Joule effect of electric current by the fluctuation electric energy of wind-powered electricity generation subsystem and photovoltaic subsystem and
Extra electric energy is used to heat the cold salt in heat reservoir, is delivered in hot tank after being heated to 565 DEG C, to realize electric energy to heat
The process that can be converted.Heat source of the electric heater as heat reservoir can not only efficiently reduce abandonment and abandon light loss, Er Qieke
So that system has higher energy utilization rate and channel utilization index.
Electric heater uses 4160V medium voltage network in present system, compared to traditional 480V low-pressure system, middle pressure system
System electric heater can reduce the power loss in heating process, reduce installation, the expense in operation and maintenance, to effectively subtract
The cost of investment of few system.
The present invention also provides a kind of capacity optimization methods of combined generating system, including following components:
One, optimization object function is constructed
The capacity optimization of combined generating system of the invention is to minimize levelized cost LCOE and maximize channel
Utilization rate and energy utilization rate are target.
Shown in the calculating of levelized cost such as formula (1):
Wherein, ICw, ICtes, ICpvAnd ICEHRespectively indicate wind power plant, heat reservoir, photovoltaic plant and electric heater just
Beginning cost of investment mainly includes the buying of electrification component, power station auxiliary facility, land charges and expense for construction；ACw, ACtes,
ACpvAnd ACPBWind power plant, heat reservoir are respectively indicated, the annual cost of investment of photovoltaic plant and Steam Turbine is mainly transported
Row maintenance cost and insurance premium are usually calculated with the percentage of initial outlay cost；Ew, EPBAnd EpvWind power plant is respectively indicated,
The first annual electricity generating capacity of Steam Turbine and photovoltaic plant；dw, dcspAnd dpvWind power plant is respectively indicated, Steam Turbine and photovoltaic plant are every
The attenuation rate (attenuation rate of wind power plant and Steam Turbine is negligible) in year；I indicates discount rate, usually takes 0.08；N is indicated
Life expectancy usually takes 25 years.
Channel utilization index rate_way refers to the ratio of the total electricity volume of system and annual channel capacity.
Energy utilization rate rate_energy refers to the ratio of system total electricity volume and system gross capability.
Shown in the fitness function of the optimization problem such as formula (2):
Wherein, ω1, ω2, ω3The optimization weight of each optimization aim is respectively indicated, optimization weight can be according to different optimization
Demand is adjusted, to obtain the optimal solution for being adapted to different scenes.
Two, the optimal capacity ratio for obtaining combined generating system is solved using differential evolution algorithm
Differential evolution algorithm is a kind of heuristic intelligent search algorithm, mainly includes initialization group, makes a variation, intersects,
Select Four processes.
(1) group is initialized
The group of differential evolution algorithmAs t=0, P0As initial population.It is initial generally for making
Group P0Entire region of search is covered as far as possible, to P0In any solution vectorIn each element value by formula
(5.1) random to determine:
In formula, randI, j(0,1) is to meet equally distributed random number on [0,1].
(2) it makes a variation
The basic principle of the mutation process of differential evolution algorithm is by the difference vector warp of any two random vector in group
It sums after crossing certain scaling with third vector, variation principle is shown in formula (4).
In formula, xr1, xr2And xr3For three random individuals mutually different in group,For the new individual after variation, F table
Show zoom factor, its usual value range is [0,1].
(3) intersect
The crossover process of differential evolution algorithm be individual after making a variation with former target individual in the way of discrete recombination
Generating new offspring individual, that is, some members for being exchanged with each other variation individual and former target individual usually increase the diversity of population,
Intersect shown in principle such as formula (5).
In formula,For the new individual after crossover operation,For variation individual,For former target individual；CR indicates to intersect
Probability usually takes [0,1]；J is the random number on [1, n], and sn is the random integers on [1, n].
(4) it selects
The selection course of differential evolution determines the Evolutionary direction of entire population, so that population is constantly forced to optimal solution
Closely.Selection course follows the principle of the survival of the fittest, when make a variation crossover operation after individualFitness value be better than former target individualWhen, then with individualTo substitute former target individualIt is on the contrary then retain former target individual into the evolutional operation of subsequent timeShown in the principle of selection course such as formula (6).
In formula, f (x) indicates fitness function, is used to evaluate superiority and inferiority individual in population.
In MATLAB software, fitness function Fitness is write according to the scheduling strategy of combined generating system, according to difference
The process and principle of point evolution algorithm write optimization algorithm DE, then run [Xm, Fv]=DE (@Fitness, S, c1, c2, w,
D, M), wherein Xm is optimal capacity ratio, and Fv is adaptive optimal control degree functional value, and S is initial population number, usually takes 50-100,
C1, c2 are Studying factors, usually take 0.5-2.5；W is inertia weight, usually takes 0.1-0.9；D is search space dimension, according to
Depending on the dimension of solution vector；M is iterative steps, usually takes 10-100.
For the present invention, the solution vector of optimization problem of the invention be (wind-powered electricity generation capacity, photovoltaic capacity, heat accumulation duration,
Steam turbine capacity) it is four dimensional vectors, therefore search space dimension D=4.
It is random in set by the initial population for the set as optimization problem that multiple four-dimensional vectors being randomly generated form
The number of vector is initial population number S.
Under MATLAB environment after test of many times, the optimal capacity ratio under Different Optimization weight is obtained.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention sets wind-light complementary system for Pakistani somewhere (25 ° of 04 ' N, 67 ° of 56 ' E) is proposed to fill
Divide the channel capacity using 100MW, according to light provided by wind-resources data provided by local anemometer tower and solargis
Resource data predicts wind power output and photovoltaic power output.It is optimal that the present invention calculates wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system first
Then capacity ratio is compareed with the system of identical wind-powered electricity generation photovoltaic capacity (no heat accumulation), compares it in levelized cost, channel
Difference in utilization rate and energy utilization rate verifies wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system feasibility and superiority.
(1) data preparation is carried out
The net assessment of wind-resources data in 2016 is provided as shown in Fig. 2, whole year in 2016 according to this area's anemometer tower
Mean wind speed be 6.43m/s, average wind power concentration is 262.9w/m2, wind-resources are relatively abundant.
It includes directly radiating DNI (Direct that sun total level, which radiates GHI (Global Horizontal Irradiance),
Normal Irradiance) and levels of scatter radiation DHI (Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance).Photovoltaic plant can
It is generated electricity using direct radiation DNI and scattering radiation DHI.
The net assessment of the light resource data of the 1999-2017 according to provided by solargis is as shown in Figure 3.Area, this area
Average year global radiation is 2091.8W/m2, average scattering radiation is 930.7W/m2, average direct solar radiation is 1161.1W/m2。
(2) power output prediction
(21) wind power output
The unit MW wind power output curve being calculated according to wind-resources data and wind-powered electricity generation model is as shown in Figure 4.
(22) photovoltaic is contributed
The unit MW photovoltaic power curve being calculated according to light resource data and photovoltage model is as shown in Figure 5.
(3) optimum results
(31) SAM software is referred to, it is as shown in table 1 to calculate economy parameter used in levelized cost.
1 economy parameter of table
| Wind-powered electricity generation | Photovoltaic | Heat accumulation | Steam Turbine | Electric heater | |
| Initial cost | 1695$/kW | 1040$/kW | 35000000 yuan/h | 6000 yuan/kW | 528655$ |
| O&M cost | 51$/kW | 9$/kW | 100000 yuan/h | 75 yuan/kW | 12550$ |
| Generated energy decaying | 0 | 0.8% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rate for incorporation into the power network | 0.5 yuan/kWh | 0.4 yuan/kWh | 0 | 1.15 yuan/kWh | 0 |
(remarks: heat accumulation cost is directed to 100MW Steam Turbine, and the rate for incorporation into the power network of steam turbine power generation refers to photo-thermal power station)
(32) the initial population N=50 in differential evolution algorithm, Studying factors c1=c2=2.0, inertia weight w=are determined
0.5, search space dimension D=4, iterative steps M=20, the optimum results obtained according to Different Optimization weight are as shown in table 2.
2 optimum results of table
Shown in optimizing path such as Fig. 6 (a)-Fig. 6 (f) of Different Optimization weight.
According to optimum results it is found that when the optimization weight of channel utilization index rate_way is larger, heat reservoir and mating
Steam Turbine capacity it is larger；When the optimization weight of levelized cost LCOE is larger, the capacity of heat reservoir is smaller.Work as wind
When the optimizing capacity of electrical-optical volt is smaller, energy utilization rate rate_energy is larger, because channel capacity is larger, wind power plant and light
Overhead utility, which generates electricity, can be dissolved by passway for transmitting electricity.
(33) interpretation of result is compared with
The major function of heat reservoir and mating Steam Turbine is to adjust wind in wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system
The power output of electric light volt improves channel utilization index and energy utilization rate, therefore chooses channel utilization index and energy utilization rate optimization power
The biggish three groups of proportion optimizing results of weight are compared with wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic without heat reservoir, compare its levelized cost, channel benefit
With rate and energy utilization rate, specific data comparison is shown in Table 3.
3 wind-powered electricity generations of table-photo-thermal-heat accumulation combined generating system and no energy-storage system parameter comparison
It is shown according to table 3, due to being added to electric heater in wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system, heat reservoir,
The subsystems such as Steam Turbine, corresponding levelized cost also have certain rising, but for the width of Different Optimization result rising
Degree is respectively 9.7%, 5.8% and 9.6%, and the following heat reservoir, the cost of electric heater have a declining tendency, and
And Steam Turbine can use the Steam Turbine for rectifying and improving small thermal power station, can greatly reduce cost of investment, so that levelized
Cost has a sharp decline, therefore the economy for increasing heat reservoir and attached equipment has preferable prospect.
After increasing heat reservoir, the channel utilization index and energy utilization rate of combined generating system have obtained mentioning significantly
It rises, channel utilization index rises 6%, 5% and 3% respectively, and energy utilization rate rises 6%, 6%, 4% respectively；Effectively subtract
Abandonment is lacked and has abandoned light loss, total practical electricity volume of system increases 3.96*107kWh；And generate electricity can matter for Steam Turbine
The problems such as amount is high, not will cause voltage ripple of power network when grid-connected, frequency flickering, has more preferably power grid friendly.
Compare the wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system and wind electrical-optical that each season in 1 year represents day by analyzing
The power output situation without energy-storage system is lied prostrate, for showing the power regulation effect of electric heater and heat reservoir.(select ω1=0.2,
ω2=0.6, ω3=0.2 optimum results) comparison of power output situation is as shown in Figure 7.
It can be apparent from according to Fig. 7 (a)-Fig. 7 (d), compared to wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic without energy-storage system, wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-storage
Heat integration electricity generation system can preferably utilize channel capacity, there is higher channel utilization index and energy utilization rate.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvement and deformations can also be made, these improvement and deformations
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system, which is characterized in that by wind-powered electricity generation subsystem, photovoltaic subsystem, electricity adds
Hot device, heat reservoir and Steam Turbine are constituted；The wind-powered electricity generation subsystem generates electricity and can be sent out after over commutation with photovoltaic subsystem
Electric energy general DC busbar is connected to the grid after boosting then by inversion；
The heat reservoir includes cold tank, hot tank and conveyance conduit；The cold tank is used to store 288 DEG C of cold salt, the heat
Tank is used to store 565 DEG C of hot salt；The cold salt stored in the cold tank is transported in electric heater through conveyance conduit is heated to 565
It is transported to after DEG C in hot tank；Cold tank is transported to after device of working medium heat exchange in the hot salt and Steam Turbine stored in the hot tank；
The heat reservoir is for by the fluctuation electric energy of wind-powered electricity generation subsystem and photovoltaic subsystem and beyond the electric energy of channel capacity
It is stored in the form of thermal energy in hot salt, when the output electric energy deficiency channel capacity of wind-powered electricity generation subsystem and photovoltaic subsystem,
Heat reservoir discharges thermal energy to which pushing turbine group generates electricity；
The Steam Turbine is by preheater, evaporator, superheater, reheater, high pressure cylinder, low pressure (LP) cylinder, oxygen-eliminating device, condenser and hair
Motor group is constituted；The Steam Turbine is used for when combined generating system power output is less than burden requirement, by the heat accumulation system
Thermal energy in system is converted to power output to power grid；
The electric heater is used to the electric energy that wind-powered electricity generation subsystem and photovoltaic subsystem are more than channel capacity being converted to thermal energy
Form is stored in heat reservoir.
2. a kind of wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electric heating
Device uses 4160V medium voltage network.
3. a kind of wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the heat accumulation system
System release thermal energy generates electricity to pushing turbine group, comprising:
Hot salt in the hot tank of heat reservoir successively passes through superheater, evaporator, and preheater passes thermal energy in a manner of convective heat transfer
Device of working medium is passed, is then return in the cold tank of heat reservoir；Device of working medium successively passes through preheater, evaporator, superheater and hot salt
It is converted into the steam of high temperature and pressure after heat exchange, the wheel rotation in high pressure cylinder and low pressure (LP) cylinder is pushed, thus pushing generator group
Power generation.
4. based on wind-powered electricity generation-photovoltaic-heat accumulation combined generating system capacity optimization method described in claims 1 to 3 any one,
It is characterised by comprising:
(1) optimization aim is established；The combined generating system is minimized with levelized cost, and channel utilization index maximizes and the energy
Utilization rate maximum turns to optimization aim；
(2) optimization aim fitness function is constructed；
(3) program code that fitness function is write in application software is write based on differential evolution algorithm and solves fitness letter
Several program codes；
(4) program code for solving fitness function is run multiple times, obtains the optimal capacity ratio under Different Optimization weight.
5. capacity optimization method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the levelized cost calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein, LCOE indicates levelized cost, ICw, ICtes, ICpvAnd ICEHRespectively indicate wind-powered electricity generation subsystem, heat reservoir, photovoltaic
The initial outlay cost of subsystem and electric heater, ACw, ACtes, ACpvAnd ACPBRespectively indicate wind-powered electricity generation subsystem, heat reservoir,
The annual cost of investment of photovoltaic subsystem and Steam Turbine, Ew, EPBAnd EpvRespectively indicate wind-powered electricity generation subsystem, Steam Turbine and light
Lie prostrate the first annual electricity generating capacity of subsystem, dw, dcspAnd dpvRespectively indicate wind-powered electricity generation subsystem, Steam Turbine and photovoltaic subsystem are annual
Attenuation rate, i indicate discount rate, and N indicates life expectancy.
6. capacity optimization method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the channel utilization index refers to cogeneration system
The ratio of total electricity volume of uniting and annual channel capacity.
7. capacity optimization method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the energy utilization rate refers to cogeneration system
The ratio for the total electricity volume and system gross capability of uniting.
8. capacity optimization method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the fitness function are as follows:
Wherein, Fitness indicates fitness function, ω1, ω2, ω3Respectively indicate the optimization weight of three optimization aims, rate_
Way is channel utilization index, and rate_energy is energy utilization rate.
9. capacity optimization method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in optimization process, operation
[Xm, Fv]=DE (@Fitness, S, c1, c2, w, D, M),
Wherein, Xm is optimal capacity ratio, and Fv is adaptive optimal control degree functional value, and S is initial population number, and c1, c2 are Studying factors,
D is solution vector dimension, and w is inertia weight, and M is iterative steps；
The solution vector is the photovoltaic subsystem capacity by wind-powered electricity generation subsystem, what heat accumulation duration and Steam Turbine capacity were constituted
Four dimensional vectors.
10. capacity optimization method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that initial population is by multiple four be randomly generated
Dimensional vector composition.
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