CN110472825B - Multistage scheduling mechanism coordinated step hydropower station real-time scheduling water abandoning reduction method - Google Patents

Multistage scheduling mechanism coordinated step hydropower station real-time scheduling water abandoning reduction method Download PDF

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CN110472825B
CN110472825B CN201910614424.XA CN201910614424A CN110472825B CN 110472825 B CN110472825 B CN 110472825B CN 201910614424 A CN201910614424 A CN 201910614424A CN 110472825 B CN110472825 B CN 110472825B
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hydropower station
time
water
output
hydropower
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CN110472825A (en
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曹险峰
程春田
李泽宏
孔祥波
武新宇
黄晓旭
廖胜利
刘起兴
曹瑞
程哲
金新峰
宋万礼
吴永琦
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Guizhou Qianyuan Power Co ltd
Dalian University of Technology
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Guizhou Qianyuan Power Co ltd
Dalian University of Technology
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    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Electricity, gas or water supply
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of hydropower dispatching operation, and particularly relates to a cascade hydropower station real-time dispatching water abandoning reduction method coordinated by a multi-stage dispatching mechanism. The method can carry out real-time plan quick adjustment on the water abandon possibly generated in the day at the cascade centralized control center end by considering the load balance and the stable operation factors of the power grid, improve the receptivity of the total dispatching and the intermediate dispatching to the real-time dispatching scheme, or reduce the adjustment range of the total dispatching and the intermediate dispatching to the centralized control proposal real-time dispatching scheme, and improve the real-time dispatching coordination efficiency of the multistage dispatching mechanism.

Description

Multistage scheduling mechanism coordinated cascade hydropower station real-time scheduling water abandoning reduction method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydropower dispatching operation, and particularly relates to a cascade hydropower station real-time dispatching water abandoning reduction method coordinated by a multi-stage dispatching mechanism.
Background
The real-time power generation scheduling of the cascade hydropower station group refers to power generation schedule adjustment facing to a day-ahead power generation schedule and a preorder time real-time schedule as a basis within one day, and is actually a complex optimization problem. Due to the fact that the requirement for solving timeliness is high, real-time power generation dispatching of the cascade hydropower station group cannot be solved through an optimization algorithm generally, plan adjustment under different situations is carried out according to a certain dispatching principle, and cascade water abandon reduction is the most common dispatching situation. The dispatching of the cascade hydropower station with a general dispatching (belonging to an area-level power grid), a middle dispatching (belonging to a provincial-level power grid) and a cascade centralized control center multi-level dispatching mechanism is implemented by a centralized control center, and the centralized control center has a dispatching suggestion right; however, in the scheduling decision right, part of the stations in the cascade are assigned to the master dispatching, and the rest of the stations are assigned to the master dispatching. The data and scheduling requirements grasped by different scheduling departments are different. The general regulation masters and is responsible for the information and the stable operation of the power transmission line with the voltage of more than 500 kV; the provincial power grid load and the information of the power transmission line below 500kV are mastered by the central dispatching system, and the central dispatching system is responsible for the load balance and the stable operation of the provincial power grid; the step centralized control center can master the information of the water and rain conditions more accurately, and mainly focuses on the step power generation benefit and the water energy utilization efficiency. When the water abandon risk exists in the day-ahead scheduling plan, the cascade centralized control center hopes to adjust and reduce the water abandon through the power generation plan. Due to the limitation of the load balance of the power grid and the transmission capacity of the transmission line, after the real-time power generation plan of the cascade hydropower station is adjusted, the power generation plans of other hydropower stations must be adjusted by the central dispatching, and the real-time plans of other hydropower stations may need to be adjusted by the general dispatching. Therefore, if the water abandoning reduction plan suggested by the cascade is not favorable for the balance and stable operation of the power grid, the total dispatching and the middle dispatching cannot be accepted, or multiple times of coordination are needed to obtain a plan which can be accepted by multiple parties. Due to the high requirement on timeliness of real-time scheduling, a complex decision process often results in that a multi-party acceptable plan cannot be obtained within an acceptable time, and unnecessary water abandonment loss is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a cascade hydropower station real-time scheduling water abandonment reduction method coordinated by a multistage scheduling mechanism, which can carry out real-time plan quick adjustment on the cascade centralized control center end aiming at water abandonment possibly generated in the day by considering the load balance and stable operation factors of a power grid, improve the receptivity of a total dispatching scheme and a middle dispatching scheme to a real-time scheduling scheme, or reduce the adjustment range of the total dispatching scheme and the middle dispatching scheme to a centralized control proposal, and improve the real-time scheduling coordination efficiency of the multistage scheduling mechanism.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a cascade hydropower station real-time scheduling water abandoning reduction method coordinated by a multistage scheduling mechanism comprises a water abandoning reduction decision process of total scheduling, intermediate scheduling and centralized control multistage coordination and a water abandoning reduction method considering power grid requirements and hydropower station benefits, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, setting the total number of hydropower stations in the system as M, the number of the hydropower stations as 1,2, \ 8230, and setting the current time period number as t0. And the total and middle dispatches update the total output constraints of all or part of the power stations dispatched respectively in the cascade in real time from the aspects of power grid balance and stable operation according to the power grid operation condition and transmit the data to the cascade centralized control center, and the total output constraints and the middle dispatches are recorded as the cascade centralized control center
Figure BDA0002123432210000021
G =1,2, \8230;, G, T = T0+1,t0+2, \8230;, T. Wherein phi g (M) is the number of the mth station in the g output control station group, M g The number of power stations in the g output control power station group,
Figure BDA0002123432210000022
to a power station phi g (m) applying force in a period T, wherein T is the number of time periods in a day,
Figure BDA0002123432210000023
and
Figure BDA0002123432210000024
respectively the g-th output controlAnd (4) outputting a lower limit and an upper limit in a time t of the power station group. As the water abandoning reduction constraint is a scheduling suggestion initiated by the centralized control end, the situation that the total grouped output of the power station exceeds the limit does not exist in the current power generation plan by default. And (4) carrying out real-time monitoring at a cascade hydropower station centralized control center, and identifying the water abandoning risk. Simulating the running state of the hydropower station by adopting the reservoir interval flow prediction data updated in a rolling manner in real time, and ending if no water abandon occurs in the day; otherwise, the serial number of the water-abandoning generating station is recorded as d 1 ,d 2 ,…,d K K is the number of the abandoned hydropower stations, and the water abandoning time range of the kth abandoned hydropower station is
Figure BDA0002123432210000025
I =1,2, \8230, I is the number of water abandoning time periods in a day;
Figure BDA0002123432210000026
and
Figure BDA0002123432210000027
the starting and ending periods of the ith water discard period are numbered, respectively. Then turning to the step 2;
step 2, the water abandon reduction is equivalent to the minimization under the constraint conditions of the stepped output limit and other reservoirs and hydropower stations in the step 1
Figure BDA0002123432210000028
The optimization model of (2) is obtained,
Figure BDA0002123432210000029
and the water flow rate of the power station m in a time period t is shown, and delta t is the hours in the time period t. Due to the fact that the real-time scheduling timeliness requirement is high, the requirement is difficult to meet by adopting an optimization model, and a water abandoning reduction plan needs to be made in a cascade hydropower station centralized control center. Setting k =1;
step 3, setting i =1;
step 4. For reducing the time range
Figure BDA0002123432210000031
Internal hydropower station d k The waste water needs to be increased
Figure BDA0002123432210000032
In-range hydropower stations d k The generated power flow rate of (1). Wherein t1 is a time period t0+ Tf
Figure BDA0002123432210000033
Last hydropower station d in between k If t0+ Tf is equal to the lower limit of the reservoir level
Figure BDA0002123432210000034
And if the reservoir water level does not reach the lower limit, t1= t0+ Tf, wherein Tf is the number of time periods required by real-time scheduling operation, namely the number of time periods required by real-time plan calculation and release. The invention does not consider the problems of increased generating flow and reduced generating output of partial low-head power station, and increases
Figure BDA0002123432210000035
The generating flow of the reservoir within the range can be realized by increasing the generating output. Using surplus load of the grid
Figure BDA0002123432210000036
Measuring the priority of increasing output in each time period, wherein
Figure BDA0002123432210000037
c t The load prediction value of the power grid in the period t,
Figure BDA0002123432210000038
and (4) the planned output of the power station m in the time period t. The time interval with larger residual load of the power grid is set as the time interval after the priority sequence
Figure BDA0002123432210000039
Step 5, setting the current output adjustment period number to tt j ，j＝1。
Step 6, increasing the power station d according to the set step length k At tt j Planning output of time interval and simultaneously adopting multivariate correlation search method to adjustThe output of a plurality of time intervals adjacent to each other before and after the regulation is finished so as to meet the requirements of output climbing and stability and the like, and if the power station d is regulated k The force control group g in which it is located violates
Figure BDA00021234322100000310
In case of constraint, adjusting the power station d k Forces are applied to reach the boundary of the constraint. If it is
Figure BDA00021234322100000311
Internal power station d k The water abandon is reduced, the adjustment is effective, if the water abandon still exists, the step 4 is returned, the time intervals are sorted again, and the adjustment time range is determined; otherwise j = j +1, if
Figure BDA00021234322100000312
Or a power station d k In a time range
Figure BDA00021234322100000313
If no water is abandoned, the step 7 is executed, otherwise, the step 6 is executed.
Step 7, if the adjustment of the step 5-6 is carried out, the power station d k In a time frame
Figure BDA00021234322100000314
Cannot be reduced, or the power station d k In a time range
Figure BDA00021234322100000315
If no water is discarded, turning to step 8; otherwise go to step 5.
Step 8, if the power station d k In the time domain
Figure BDA00021234322100000316
Turning to step 9 if still water is abandoned; otherwise go to step 14;
step 9, setting the power station d k Has u dk A direct upstream power station, respectively
Figure BDA0002123432210000041
Setting the currently adjusted upstream power station as
Figure BDA0002123432210000042
Step 10, adjusting the power station
Figure BDA0002123432210000043
To reduce the time range
Figure BDA0002123432210000044
Internal hydropower station d k The waste water of is reduced
Figure BDA0002123432210000045
In-range hydroelectric power plant
Figure BDA0002123432210000046
The flow rate of the generated power of (c),
Figure BDA0002123432210000047
for upstream power stations
Figure BDA0002123432210000048
To downstream power stations d k T1 is a time period t0+ Tf and
Figure BDA0002123432210000049
last hydropower station in between
Figure BDA00021234322100000410
If t0+ Tf is equal to the upper limit of the reservoir water level
Figure BDA00021234322100000411
And when the reservoir water level does not reach the upper limit, t1= t0+ Tf. Using surplus load of the grid
Figure BDA00021234322100000412
Measuring the priority of increasing output at each time interval, wherein
Figure BDA00021234322100000413
The coordination of the proposed plan of the cascade centralized control center on the load balance of the power grid is reflected. The time interval with lower residual load of the power grid is set as the time interval after priority order
Figure BDA00021234322100000414
Step 11, setting the number of the current output adjustment period to tt j ，j＝1。
Step 12, reducing the power station according to the set step length
Figure BDA00021234322100000415
At tt j And (3) the planned output of the time intervals is adjusted by adopting a multivariate correlation search method so as to meet the requirements of output climbing, stability and the like. Regulating medium frequency power station
Figure BDA00021234322100000416
The force control group g in which it is located violates
Figure BDA00021234322100000417
In case of constraint, the power station is adjusted
Figure BDA00021234322100000418
Forces are applied to reach the boundary of the constraint. If the time range
Figure BDA00021234322100000419
Turning to step 14 if no water is discarded; otherwise if
Figure BDA00021234322100000420
Internal hydropower station d k If the abandoned water still exists, returning to the step 10 to sort the time intervals again and determine the adjustment time range; otherwise j = j +1, if
Figure BDA00021234322100000421
Turning to step 13;
step 13.g = g +1, if
Figure BDA00021234322100000422
Turning to step 10, otherwise, turning to step 14;
step 14.I= I +1, if I is not greater than I, step 4 is executed, otherwise step 15 is executed;
and step 15.k = K +1, if K is not greater than K, turning to step 2, otherwise, turning to step 16.
Step 16, the centralized control center reports the abandoned water reduction plan to a total dispatching and a middle dispatching at the same time, and as the grouped output limits and the residual loads of the power stations in the steps 1 to 15 only partially represent the power grid balance and stability constraints, for the centralized control proposal scheme, the total dispatching and the middle dispatching still need to be checked and checked for the power grid safety, and the middle dispatching simultaneously adjusts other power stations in the province to meet the power grid load balance; the total dispatching and the middle dispatching can finely tune the hydropower station real-time plan of the self dispatching, then the result and the batch are sent back to the centralized control center, and the cascade centralized control center sends the plan to each hydropower station, so that a round of multi-level coordinated waste water reduction operation is completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the method can avoid the problem that the water abandoning reduction plan suggested by the centralized control center is too rough in the power grid dispatching angle and is difficult to accept, and flexibly and efficiently revises the cascade reservoir group real-time power generation plan on the basis of confirming the quality of the time-sharing power generation plan. And the coordination of a multi-stage scheduling mechanism is realized by adopting the power station grouping total output constraint and the power grid load curve issued by the total dispatching and the intermediate dispatching in the real-time water abandoning reduction plan.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a zone of a horseback hydropower station;
FIG. 2 is a schematic of inter-zone flow for a Turboard hydropower station;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a water discard from Majaya and tussian when executed on a day-ahead schedule;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the reservoir level of a horse cliff when scheduled to be executed by day;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the reservoir level of illumination during a day-ahead scheduled performance;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a typical load curve employed;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of an illuminated hydropower station output;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the output of a horse cliff hydropower station;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a tussah hydropower station output;
fig. 10 is a graph of total output of light and green.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Real-time scheduling of the cascade hydropower station is an important link for executing a short-term scheduling plan, and due to uncertainty of runoff space-time distribution and load, the plan is often required to be adjusted in real time so as to achieve the aims of reducing water abandonment, balancing power grid load and the like. The invention aims to provide a method for reducing the water abandonment of the cascade hydropower station in real-time dispatching with high practicability and high efficiency, so that a specific optimization target is not introduced, and the control conditions of the cascade hydropower station and various operation constraints required to be met are considered in combination with the load requirements of a power grid to correct the water abandonment in real-time dispatching. The main constraints are as follows:
1) Restriction of water balance
Figure BDA0002123432210000061
Wherein:
Figure BDA0002123432210000062
Figure BDA0002123432210000063
in the formula:
Figure BDA0002123432210000064
is the water storage capacity m of the reservoir m at the beginning of the time period t 3 ；
Figure BDA0002123432210000065
For reservoirm warehousing traffic within a time period t, m 3 S; l is the total number of the upstream power stations of the power station m;
Figure BDA0002123432210000066
to account for the flow of the upstream plant l into the plant m at time t after the lag time, m 3 /s；
Figure BDA0002123432210000067
For the interval flow of the power station m in the time period t, m 3 /s；
Figure BDA0002123432210000068
Is the delivery flow of the reservoir m in the time period t, m 3 /s；
Figure BDA0002123432210000069
Respectively the generating flow and the abandon flow of the reservoir m in the time period t, m 3 /s；Δ t Hours for the tth period; m is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, and M is the total number of the power stations; t is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to T, and T is the total time period in the day.
2) Capacity constraint
Figure BDA00021234322100000610
In the formula:
Figure BDA00021234322100000611
respectively the upper limit and the lower limit of the storage capacity of the hydropower station m at the beginning of the t period, m 3 。
3) Power generation flow restriction
Figure BDA00021234322100000612
In the formula:
Figure BDA00021234322100000613
is the upper limit of the generating flow of a hydropower station m, m 3 /s。
4) Warehouse-out flow limitation
Figure BDA00021234322100000614
In the formula:
Figure BDA00021234322100000615
respectively is the upper limit and the lower limit of the flow of the hydropower station m out of the reservoir in the time period t, m 3 /s。
5) Power plant output limit
Figure BDA0002123432210000071
In the formula:
Figure BDA0002123432210000072
respectively the output of the hydropower station m in the period of t and the upper limit, the lower limit and the MW thereof.
6) Power station output climbing limitation
Figure BDA0002123432210000073
In the formula:
Figure BDA0002123432210000074
the maximum output lifting limit, MW, of the hydropower station m in the adjacent time period.
7) Confinement of vibration zone
Figure BDA0002123432210000075
In the formula:
Figure BDA0002123432210000076
respectively is the upper limit and the lower limit, MW of the kth output vibration area of the hydropower station m in the t period.
The real-time plan is adjusted for output to cut the reject water, taking into account the constraints mentioned above. The method is characterized in that the requirements of power grid load balance and stable operation are considered during output adjustment, the output of a system in a time period with larger residual load is preferentially increased, the output of a system in a time period with smaller residual load is preferentially reduced, and based on the criterion, the water abandon reduction of a one-time complete cascade hydropower station group is realized by the following steps:
step 1, setting the current time interval as t0, updating the total output constraint of all or part of power stations dispatched by the total dispatching station and the central dispatching station in the cascade in real time from the aspects of power grid balance and stable operation according to the power grid operation condition and transmitting the data to a cascade centralized control center, and recording the data as the step
Figure BDA0002123432210000077
In the formula: g is the number of an output control power station group, G =1,2, \8230, and G is the number of the total power station groups; t = T0+1, t0+2, 8230T; phi (phi) of g (m) is the number of the mth power station in the g output control power station group; m is a group of g The number of power stations in the g output control power station group is counted;
Figure BDA0002123432210000078
to a power station phi g (m) applying a force, MW, during a time period t;
Figure BDA0002123432210000079
and
Figure BDA00021234322100000710
and the lower limit and the upper limit of the output power of the ith output control power station group in the period t, and MW.
As the water abandon abatement constraint is a scheduling suggestion initiated by the centralized control end, the default condition that the grouped total output of the power station is out of limit under the current power generation plan does not exist. And (3) simulating the operation state of the short-term power generation plan of the cascade hydropower station by adopting the reservoir interval flow prediction data updated in a rolling manner in real time, and taking the following measures according to the operation result:
a) No water is discarded in the scheduling period, and the process is finished;
b) Water is discarded in the dispatching period. Recording the number of the abandoned water generating station as d 1 ,d 2 ,…,d K K is the number of power stations with water abandon; the water abandoning time range of the kth hydropower station is
Figure BDA0002123432210000081
I is the number of water abandoning periods in a day;
Figure BDA0002123432210000082
respectively numbering the beginning and the end of the ith continuous water abandoning period. And (6) turning to the step 2.
And 2, making a water abandoning reduction plan in the step hydropower station centralized control center. K =1 is set.
Step 3. Set i =1.
Step 4. To reduce hydropower station d k In the time domain
Figure BDA0002123432210000083
Waste water of and regulating the hydropower station d k The self-force process comprises the following adjusting ranges and sequences:
a) The time period range is adjusted. To cut down the time range
Figure BDA0002123432210000084
The waste water in the interior is increased
Figure BDA0002123432210000085
In-range hydropower stations d k Wherein t1 is a time period t0+ Tf and
Figure BDA0002123432210000086
last hydropower station d in between k If t0+ Tf is equal to the lower limit of the reservoir level
Figure BDA0002123432210000087
If the reservoir water level does not reach the lower limit, t1= t0+ Tf, and Tf is the number of time periods required by real-time scheduling operation, namely the number of time periods required by real-time planning calculation and release;
b) The time period sequence is adjusted. The invention does not consider the problems that the generation flow rate of part of low-water head power stations is increased and the generation output is reduced on the contraryThen increase
Figure BDA0002123432210000088
The power generation flow of the reservoir in the range can be realized by increasing the power generation output. Calculating the residual load of each time interval of the power grid by adopting a formula (11), c t The larger time interval has the priority of increasing the output, and the time intervals arranged according to the priority order are set as
Figure BDA0002123432210000089
Figure BDA00021234322100000810
In the formula: c. C t 、c′ t And respectively a load predicted value and a residual load, MW, of the power grid at the t period.
Step 5, setting the serial number of the current output adjustment time interval to tt j ，j＝1。
Step 6, increasing the power station d according to the set step length k At tt j And (3) the planned output of the time intervals is adjusted by adopting a multivariate correlation search method so as to meet the requirements of output climbing, stability and the like. In-regulation of the central-frequency power station d k The force control group g in which it is located violates
Figure BDA0002123432210000091
In case of constraint, the plant d is adjusted k Forces are applied to reach the boundary of the constraint. After the output force is increased:
a)
Figure BDA0002123432210000092
internal hydropower station d k The water discard is reduced. If the water discard still exists, returning to the step 4 to redetermine the adjustment time range and sequencing the adjustment time intervals;
b)
Figure BDA0002123432210000093
internal hydropower station d k The water discard is not reduced. Say thatIf the step adjustment is invalid, cancel the adjustment, let j = j +1, if
Figure BDA0002123432210000094
Or a power station d k In a time range
Figure BDA0002123432210000095
If no water is abandoned, the step 7 is executed, otherwise, the step 6 is executed.
Step 7, if the adjustment of the step 5-6 is carried out, the power station d k In a time frame
Figure BDA0002123432210000096
Cannot be reduced, or the power station d k In a time frame
Figure BDA0002123432210000097
If no water is discarded, turning to step 8; otherwise go to step 5.
Step 8, if the hydropower station d k In a time frame
Figure BDA0002123432210000098
Turning to step 9 if still abandoned water exists; otherwise go to step 14.
Step 9. Suppose hydropower station d k Has the advantages of
Figure BDA0002123432210000099
An immediate upstream power station, respectively
Figure BDA00021234322100000910
Setting the currently adjusted upstream power station as
Figure BDA00021234322100000911
Step 10. To further reduce the hydropower station d k In the time range
Figure BDA00021234322100000912
Waste water of and regulating the hydropower station d k Upstream power station
Figure BDA00021234322100000913
The adjustment range and sequence of the output process are as follows:
a) The time period range is adjusted. To cut down the time range
Figure BDA00021234322100000914
Internal power station d k The waste water of (2) needs to be reduced
Figure BDA00021234322100000915
In-range hydroelectric power plant
Figure BDA00021234322100000916
The flow rate of generated electricity of (a), wherein,
Figure BDA00021234322100000917
for upstream power stations
Figure BDA00021234322100000918
To downstream power stations d k T1 is a time period t0+ Tf and
Figure BDA00021234322100000919
last hydropower station
Figure BDA00021234322100000920
If t0+ Tf and the reservoir water level reaches the upper limit time period
Figure BDA00021234322100000921
If the water level of the middle reservoir does not reach the upper limit, t1= t0+ Tf;
b) The time period sequence is adjusted. Calculating the residual load of each time interval of the power grid by adopting a formula (11), c t ' the smaller time interval gives priority to the reduction of the output, and the time intervals after the priority are set as
Figure BDA0002123432210000101
Step 11, setting the serial number of the current output adjustment time interval to be tt j ，j＝1。
Step 12, reducing the power station according to the set step length
Figure BDA0002123432210000102
At tt j And (3) regulating the output of a plurality of adjacent time periods before and after by adopting a multivariate correlation search method so as to meet the requirements of output climbing, stability and the like. Regulating medium frequency power station
Figure BDA0002123432210000103
Where contribution control group g violates
Figure BDA0002123432210000104
In case of constraint, the power station is adjusted
Figure BDA0002123432210000105
Forces are applied to reach the boundary of the constraint. After the output force is reduced:
a)
Figure BDA0002123432210000106
no waste water is left in the device. Turning to step 14;
b)
Figure BDA0002123432210000107
internal hydropower station d k The water discard is reduced. If the water abandon still exists, returning to the step 10 to re-determine the adjustment time range and sequencing the adjustment time intervals;
c)
Figure BDA0002123432210000108
internal hydropower station d k The water discard is not reduced. Indicating that the step adjustment is invalid, canceling the adjustment, and making j = j +1 if the step adjustment is invalid
Figure BDA0002123432210000109
Go to step 13.
Step 13.g = g +1, if
Figure BDA00021234322100001010
Go to step 10, otherwise go to step 14.
Step 14.I= I +1, if I is not greater than I, step 4 is executed, otherwise, step 15 is executed.
And step 15.k = K +1, if K is not greater than K, turning to step 2, otherwise, turning to step 16.
Step 16, the central control center reports the abandoned water reduction plan to a total dispatching and a middle dispatching at the same time, because the grouped output limit and the residual load of the power stations in the steps can only partially represent the power grid balance and stability constraint, for the central control proposal scheme, the total dispatching and the middle dispatching still need to be checked and checked for the power grid safety, and the middle dispatching simultaneously adjusts other power stations in the province to meet the power grid load balance; the general regulation and the middle regulation can finely regulate the real-time plan of the hydropower station which is self-regulated, then the result and the batch are sent back to the centralized control center, and the step centralized control center sends the plan to each hydropower station, thereby completing a round of multi-level coordinated waste water reduction operation.
The verification method is carried out by taking southern power grid general dispatching, guizhou power grid middle dispatching and north disk river step centralized control center coordinated real-time dispatching as examples. The north Panjiang cascade hydropower station comprises four hydropower stations of Shanxi mud slope, illumination, ma cliff and Dongban from upstream to downstream, wherein the Shanxi mud slope (day adjustment) and the Ma cliff (day adjustment) are scheduled in the Guizhou power grid, and the illumination (year adjustment) and the Dongban (day adjustment) are scheduled in the southern power grid. Because the four hydropower stations of the north disk river step have different dispatching authorities, particularly the four hydropower stations of the main dispatching and the middle dispatching are distributed at intervals, and the storage capacities of the three reservoirs except for illumination are small, when the main dispatching and the middle dispatching are not matched easily, the abandoned water reduction plan cannot reduce abandoned water to the maximum extent, but can cause frequent full and empty reservoirs, so that the plan cannot be executed, and the possibility of increasing the abandoned water is increased. The north-trawl-river step centralized control center pays the most attention to the problem of water abandon, and simultaneously, the information of the rain condition of the water in the drainage area is mastered most accurately and comprehensively, so that the scheme of initiating the water abandon reduction scheduling by the north-trawl-river step centralized control center is most suitable. And the north trawl step centralized control center cannot completely master the stability information of the power grid, a water abandoning reduction scheduling scheme of the north trawl step centralized control center must be formulated under the stability constraint condition given by a master dispatching and a middle dispatching, and the master dispatching carries out safety check and power grid load balance on the real-time scheduling plan of the good mud slope and the horse cliff. The method is adopted to carry out real-time scheduling and water-abandon reduction adjustment on the north Panjiang step power station, and analysis is carried out by combining the simulation result.
And constructing an application example based on the last-day cascade operation condition. The day-ahead plan in fig. 1-2 is made by adopting the interval flow, and the rainfall runoff forecast is updated at 3 am, namely at the 13 th time period in fig. 1-2, so that the interval flow of the regulation reservoir is found to be remarkably increased on two days of macadam and dungeon in the later period of the day, as shown by the real-time correction interval flow in fig. 1-2. At this time, if the operation is still planned before the day, a large amount of water discard will occur at the end of the day, possible water discards of macadam and dungeon are shown in fig. 3, and reservoir level operation processes of macadam and dungeon and shown in fig. 4-5. For this purpose, the cascade centralized control starts to initiate a water abandon adjustment plan at 3 points. By adopting a conventional water abandoning and reducing method (without considering power station output limit and power grid load factors) and the method of the invention, taking the typical load curve of fig. 6 as a priority judgment basis for time interval output increase and decrease, the results of water abandoning and reducing are shown in fig. 7-10, wherein fig. 7-9 are output processes of three power stations of illumination, macadam and dungeon respectively, and fig. 10 is a total output process of two power stations of total-tone illumination and dungeon. The illumination and the total upper limit of the Turboard power station adopted in the calculation are shown in FIG. 10, the lower limit of the total output of the two is set to 480MW, and the illumination and the Turboard power station are distributed to two power stations of 260MW and 220MW respectively; in the embodiment, the output limits of two middle-adjusting pipe power stations of the Shanxi slope power station and the Ma cliff power station do not have substantial influence on the calculation result.
When the conventional water abandoning and reducing method is adopted, the specific numerical value of a power grid load curve is not considered, the output limits of single station and multiple stations are not considered, and the water abandoning and reducing are only carried out according to the principle that the output is preferentially reduced in the load valley period and the output is preferentially increased in the peak period. Due to the lack of coordination of a multi-level scheduling mechanism, the adopted load valley and peak periods are fixed and do not change along with different load curves. As can be seen from the calculation results, the significant increase in the output of dungeon (as in fig. 9) before the 25 th period lowered the reservoir level, thereby abating the reject water. The Marmant cliff power station has small reservoir capacity and large warehousing flow, and the water abandon reduced by self-regulation is very little, so that the real-time plan of the Marmant cliff power station is not much different from the day-ahead plan (figure 8). The water abandon of the horse cliff is mainly realized by the output reduction of the upstream lighting power station between 13-29 periods (figure 7), and the output of the light is lower than the lower limit value of 260MW between 13-29 periods because the lower limit of the output of the light is not considered. While the total output of the two stations exceeded the limit between periods 13-25 (fig. 10), since the total dimming and the total output limit of the two stations from tugong were not considered. It can be seen that the result of the conventional stepped water abandoning reduction method cannot be accepted by the master call and is subject to adjustment, and because a maja cliff power station with a middle call pipe is also sandwiched between the illumination and the dunga, the output adjustment of the master call station may be unfavorable for the water abandoning adjustment of the maja cliff, so that three parties are required to coordinate for multiple times, and the possibility of losing the opportunity of modifying the scheduling scheme is provided.
In the calculation result of the method of the invention, the degree of increasing output of the phthalocyanine before the 25 th period is reduced compared with the conventional method (as shown in fig. 9), the light illumination and the total output limit of the phthalocyanine are satisfied, and the abandoned water of the light illumination is not completely eliminated through self output adjustment as in the conventional method. The remaining slop of dungeon and slop of macadam were mainly achieved by the decrease in output of the upstream lighting power station between periods 34-41 (fig. 7), when the lower light output limit was met. The period of increased output from dungeon is the maximum period of residual load after the output of the steps has been deducted according to the load curve (fig. 6), and the period of decreased illumination is the minimum period of residual load after the output limit is taken into account: although the period 13-25 gives priority to the reduction of the output in accordance with the remaining load, the period cannot be reduced due to the lower limit of the utility output, and the period in which the output is reduced with priority next is the period 34-41. Therefore, the provided water abandoning reduction method can meet the output limits of single station and multiple stations of a power grid dispatching department at the same time, and the real-time power generation plan is made strictly according to the principle that the output is preferentially added when the residual load is large and the output is preferentially reduced when the residual load is small. As the result shows the requirements of earth network balance and stability, the method is easy to accept for total dispatching and middle dispatching, reduces the process of intermediate coordination, and improves the decision efficiency of real-time dispatching.
By combining the analysis, the method can avoid the problem that the water-abandoning reduction plan suggested by the centralized control center is too rough and unacceptable in the power grid dispatching angle, and flexibly and efficiently revises the cascade reservoir group real-time power generation plan on the basis of confirming the real-time power generation plan quality. And the coordination of a multistage dispatching mechanism is realized by adopting the power station grouping total output constraint and the power grid load curve issued by the total dispatching and the intermediate dispatching in the real-time water abandon reduction plan.

Claims (2)

1. A cascade hydropower station real-time scheduling water abandoning reduction method coordinated by a multistage scheduling mechanism is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, setting the total number of hydropower stations in a system as M, the number of the hydropower stations as 1,2, \ 8230, and the number of the current time period as t0; the total and middle dispatches update the total output constraints of all or part of the electric stations dispatched respectively in the cascade in real time from the aspects of power grid balance and stable operation according to the power grid operation condition and transmit the data to the cascade centralized control center, and the total output constraints and the middle dispatches are recorded as
Figure FDA0003921748710000011
G =1,2, \8230, G, T = T0+1, t0+2, \ 8230; wherein phi g (M) is the number of the mth hydropower station in the g-th power take-off control hydropower station group, M g Controlling the number of hydropower stations in the hydropower station group for the g-th output,
Figure FDA0003921748710000012
for hydropower stations phi g (m) applying force in a time period T, wherein T is the number of time periods in a day,
Figure FDA0003921748710000013
and
Figure FDA0003921748710000014
respectively controlling the lower limit and the upper limit of the output of the hydropower station group at the g th output time period t; as the water abandoning reduction constraint is a scheduling suggestion initiated by the centralized control end, the condition that the total grouped output of the hydropower station is out of limit does not exist in the current power generation plan by default; real-time monitoring at step hydropower station centralized control centerIdentifying the water abandoning risk; adopting the hydropower station interval flow prediction data updated in a rolling mode in real time to simulate the operation state of the hydropower station, and ending if no water abandon occurs in the day; otherwise, the hydropower station number is recorded as d 1 ,d 2 ,…,d K K is the number of the abandoned hydropower stations, and the water abandoning time range of the kth abandoned hydropower station is
Figure FDA0003921748710000015
I =1,2, \8230, I is the number of water abandoning time periods in a day;
Figure FDA0003921748710000016
and
Figure FDA0003921748710000017
respectively numbering the starting time interval and the ending time interval of the ith water abandoning time interval; then turning to the step 2;
step 2, the water abandoning reduction is equivalent to the minimization under the condition of the step output limit and other hydropower station constraints in the step 1
Figure FDA0003921748710000018
The optimization model of (2) is obtained,
Figure FDA0003921748710000019
the water discharge of the hydropower station m in a time period t, and delta t is the hours in the time period t; making a waste water reduction plan in a step hydropower station centralized control center; setting k =1;
step 3, setting i =1;
step 4. For reducing the time range
Figure FDA00039217487100000110
Internal hydropower station d k Increase the waste water
Figure FDA00039217487100000111
In-range hydropower stations d k The generated power flow rate of (2); wherein t1 is a time period t0+ Tf
Figure FDA00039217487100000112
Last hydropower station d in between k If t0+ Tf is equal to the lower limit of the reservoir level
Figure FDA00039217487100000113
If the reservoir water level does not reach the lower limit, t1= t0+ Tf, and Tf is the number of time periods required by real-time scheduling operation; the problems that the generated power output is reduced on the contrary when the generated flow of part of low-water-level hydropower stations is increased are not considered, and the generated power is increased
Figure FDA0003921748710000021
The power generation flow of the hydropower station in the range is realized by increasing the power generation output; using surplus load of the grid
Figure FDA0003921748710000022
Measuring the priority of increasing output at each time interval, wherein
Figure FDA0003921748710000023
c t The load prediction value of the power grid in the period t,
Figure FDA0003921748710000024
planned output of the hydropower station m in a time period t; the time interval with larger residual load of the power grid is preferentially increased to output, and the time interval after the priority arrangement is set as
Figure FDA0003921748710000025
Step 5, setting the current output adjustment period number to tt j ，j＝1；
Step 6, increasing the hydropower station d according to the set step length k At tt j And (3) planned output of time periods, adjusting output of a plurality of adjacent time periods before and after by adopting a multivariate correlation search method so as to meet the requirements of output climbing and stability, and if the hydropower station d is in adjustment k The force control group g in which it is located violates
Figure FDA0003921748710000026
In case of constraint, adjusting the hydropower station d k Applying a force to reach the boundary of the constraint; if it is
Figure FDA0003921748710000027
Internal hydropower station d k The water abandon is reduced, the adjustment is effective, if the water abandon still exists, the step 4 is returned, the time intervals are sorted again, and the adjustment time range is determined; otherwise j = j +1, if
Figure FDA0003921748710000028
Or a hydroelectric power station d k In a time range
Figure FDA0003921748710000029
If no water is abandoned, turning to the step 7, otherwise, turning to the step 6;
step 7, if the adjustment of the step 5-6 is carried out, the hydropower station d k In a time frame
Figure FDA00039217487100000210
Cannot be reduced, or a hydroelectric power station d k In a time frame
Figure FDA00039217487100000211
If no water is discarded, turning to step 8; otherwise, turning to the step 5;
step 8, if the hydropower station d k In the time range
Figure FDA00039217487100000212
Turning to step 9 if still water is abandoned; otherwise go to step 14;
step 9, setting a hydropower station d k Has the advantages of
Figure FDA00039217487100000213
A direct upstream hydroelectric power station, each numbered
Figure FDA00039217487100000214
Setting the currently adjusted upstream hydropower station to be labeled
Figure FDA00039217487100000215
g＝1；
Step 10, adjusting the hydropower station
Figure FDA00039217487100000216
To reduce the time range
Figure FDA00039217487100000217
Internal hydropower station d k Waste water is reduced
Figure FDA00039217487100000218
In-range hydroelectric power plant
Figure FDA00039217487100000219
The flow rate of the generated power of (c),
Figure FDA00039217487100000220
for upstream hydroelectric power stations
Figure FDA00039217487100000221
To downstream hydropower stations d k T1 is the time period t0+ Tf and
Figure FDA00039217487100000222
last hydropower station
Figure FDA00039217487100000223
If t0+ Tf is equal to the upper limit of the reservoir water level
Figure FDA0003921748710000031
If the water level of the middle reservoir does not reach the upper limit, t1= t0+ Tf; using surplus load of the grid
Figure FDA0003921748710000032
Measuring the priority of increasing output at each time interval, wherein
Figure FDA0003921748710000033
The coordination of the proposed plan of the cascade centralized control center on the load balance of the power grid is reflected; the time interval with lower residual load of the power grid is set as the time interval after the priority sequence is set as
Figure FDA0003921748710000034
Step 11, setting the number of the current output adjustment period to tt j ，j＝1；
Step 12, reducing the hydropower station according to the set step length
Figure FDA0003921748710000035
At tt j The planned output of the time interval is adjusted by adopting a multivariate correlation search method to meet the requirements of output climbing and stability; hydropower station with a number of hydropower stations in the process of adjustment
Figure FDA0003921748710000036
Where contribution control group g violates
Figure FDA0003921748710000037
In case of constraint, adjusting the hydropower station
Figure FDA0003921748710000038
Applying a force to reach the boundary of the constraint; if the time range
Figure FDA0003921748710000039
Turning to step 14 if no water is discarded; otherwise if
Figure FDA00039217487100000310
Internal hydropower station d k The water-discarding rate of the water is reduced,if the adjustment is effective, returning to the step 10 to sort the time intervals again and determine the adjustment time range if the abandoned water still exists; otherwise j = j +1, if
Figure FDA00039217487100000311
Turning to step 13;
step 13.g = g +1, if
Figure FDA00039217487100000312
Turning to step 10, otherwise, turning to step 14;
step 14.I= I +1, if I is not greater than I, step 4 is executed, otherwise step 15 is executed;
step 15.K = K +1, if K is less than or equal to K, turning to step 2, otherwise, turning to step 16;
step 16, the centralized control center reports the abandoned water reduction plan to a main dispatching center and a central dispatching center at the same time, as the grouped output limit and the residual load of the hydropower stations in the steps 1 to 15 only partially reflect the power grid balance and the stability constraint, for the centralized control proposal scheme, the main dispatching center and the central dispatching center still need to carry out power grid safety check and inspection, and the central dispatching center simultaneously adjusts other hydropower stations in the province to meet the power grid load balance; the general regulation and the middle regulation can finely regulate the real-time plan of the hydropower station which is self-regulated, then the result and the batch are sent back to the centralized control center, and the step centralized control center sends the plan to each hydropower station, thereby completing a round of multi-level coordinated waste water reduction operation.
2. The method for reducing water curtailment in real-time scheduling of the cascade hydropower station coordinated by the multi-stage scheduling mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the constraint conditions are as follows:
1) Water balance constraint
Figure FDA0003921748710000041
Wherein:
Figure FDA0003921748710000042
Figure FDA0003921748710000043
in the formula:
Figure FDA0003921748710000044
the water storage capacity m of the hydropower station m at the beginning of the time period t 3 ；
Figure FDA0003921748710000045
Warehousing flow of a hydropower station m in a time period t, m 3 S; l is the total number of the upstream hydropower stations of the hydropower station m;
Figure FDA0003921748710000046
to account for the flow of the upstream hydropower station i into the hydropower station m during the time period t after the lag time, m 3 /s；
Figure FDA0003921748710000047
Is the interval flow of the hydropower station m in the time period t, m 3 /s；
Figure FDA0003921748710000048
For the flow of the hydropower station m out of the reservoir within the time period t, m 3 /s；
Figure FDA0003921748710000049
Respectively the generating flow and the water discharge of the hydropower station m in the time period t, m 3 /s；Δ t Hours for the t-th period; m is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, and M is the total number of the hydropower stations; t is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to T, and T is the total time period in the day;
2) Capacity constraint
Figure FDA00039217487100000410
In the formula:
Figure FDA00039217487100000411
respectively the upper limit and the lower limit of the storage capacity of the hydropower station m at the beginning of the t time period, m 3 ；
3) Power generation flow restriction
Figure FDA00039217487100000412
In the formula:
Figure FDA00039217487100000413
is the upper limit of the generating flow of a hydropower station m, m 3 /s；
4) Flow restriction from warehouse
Figure FDA00039217487100000414
In the formula:
Figure FDA00039217487100000415
respectively is the upper limit and the lower limit of the flow of the hydropower station m out of the reservoir in the time period t, m 3 /s；
5) Hydropower station output limit
Figure FDA00039217487100000416
In the formula:
Figure FDA0003921748710000051
respectively representing the output of the hydropower station m in a period t and the upper limit, the lower limit and the MW of the output;
6) Hydropower station output climbing limitation
Figure FDA0003921748710000052
In the formula:
Figure FDA0003921748710000053
the maximum output lifting limit, MW, of the hydropower station m in the adjacent time period;
7) Confinement of vibration region
Figure FDA0003921748710000054
In the formula:
Figure FDA0003921748710000055
respectively is the upper limit and the lower limit, MW of the kth output vibration area of the hydropower station m in the t period.
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