CN110472740A - A kind of superconducting circuit structure and Superconducting Quantum chip, Superconducting Quantum computer - Google Patents
A kind of superconducting circuit structure and Superconducting Quantum chip, Superconducting Quantum computer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of superconducting circuit structure and Superconducting Quantum chip, Superconducting Quantum computer, wherein the superconducting circuit structure includes: at least two basic units and coupled structure；The basic unit includes at least quantum bit and indulges the resonant cavity that field couples with the quantum bit；The resonant cavity includes the first inductance and the first capacitor with first inductance in parallel, and the resonant cavity is carried out vertical field with the quantum bit using first inductance and is coupled；The coupled structure, for coupling resonant cavity described in two basic units, to realize linear coupling between described two basic units.In this way, solve cross-interference issue between quantum bit, and on the basis of between quantum bit without crosstalk, realize that superconducting circuit structure is simple, easy-regulating, expansible purpose.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to quantum calculation technical field more particularly to a kind of superconducting circuit structure and Superconducting Quantum chip, surpass
Lead quantum computer.
Background technique
Superconducting circuit, it is considered to be most hopeful to realize the hardware candidate of quantum calculation, in general, by multiple quantum bits
It is composed by certain coupled modes；It (is usually realized by applying microwave pulse) when manipulating a quantum bit,
Due to there is interaction between quantum bit, another quantum bit also will receive influence, and this phenomenon is referred to as crosstalk
(crosstalk)；This crosstalk phenomenon will have a direct impact on the fidelity of single-bit or dibit Quantum logic gates, and then influence
To the performance of Superconducting Quantum chip.Once moreover, quantum bit increasing number, the problem of crosstalk, will become especially to dash forward
Out.Therefore, crosstalk how to be inhibited to become urgent problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of superconducting circuit structure and Superconducting Quantum chip, Superconducting Quantum computer, to solve
Cross-interference issue between quantum bit.
In a first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of superconducting circuit structures, comprising: at least two basic units, with
And coupled structure；Wherein,
The basic unit includes at least quantum bit and indulges the resonant cavity that field couples with the quantum bit；The resonance
Chamber includes the first inductance and the first capacitor with first inductance in parallel, using first inductance by the resonant cavity and institute
It states quantum bit and carries out vertical field coupling；
The coupled structure, for coupling resonant cavity described in two basic units, to realize described two
Linear coupling between a basic unit.
In one embodiment, the coupled structure includes the second capacitor, for will be in two basic units
Resonant cavity carries out linear coupling.
In one embodiment, the coupled structure includes resonance circuit, for will be in two basic units
Resonant cavity carries out linear coupling.
In one embodiment, the quantum bit includes superconducting quantum interference device, for in the resonant cavity
The first inductance coupled, coupled with the vertical field realized between the resonant cavity and the quantum bit.
In one embodiment, the superconducting quantum interference device includes two Josephson junctions in parallel.
In one embodiment, the quantum bit further includes denoising structure, for ring locating for the quantum bit
The charge fluctuation in border carries out noise reduction.
In one embodiment, the quantum bit further includes the third electricity in parallel with the superconducting quantum interference device
Hold, carries out noise reduction for the charge fluctuation to the quantum bit local environment.
In one embodiment, the superconducting circuit structure includes more than two basic units and more than two
After the coupled structure, it is capable of forming quantum bit network；Wherein, in the quantum bit network two neighboring quantum bit it
Between connected by the two neighboring resonant cavity of linear coupling；Linear coupling between the resonant cavity passes through the coupled structure
It realizes.
Second aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of Superconducting Quantum chip, at least shape on the Superconducting Quantum chip
At there is superconducting circuit structure, the superconducting circuit structure includes: at least two basic units and coupled structure；Wherein,
The basic unit includes at least quantum bit and indulges the resonant cavity that field couples with the quantum bit；The resonance
Chamber includes the first inductance and the first capacitor with first inductance in parallel, using first inductance by the resonant cavity and institute
It states quantum bit and carries out vertical field coupling；
The coupled structure, for coupling resonant cavity described in two basic units, to realize described two
Linear coupling between a basic unit.
The third aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of Superconducting Quantum computers, at least provided with Superconducting Quantum chip
And the manipulation being connect with the Superconducting Quantum chip and reading device；Wherein, on the Superconducting Quantum chip at least formed with
Superconducting circuit structure, the superconducting circuit structure include: at least two basic units and coupled structure；Wherein,
The basic unit includes at least quantum bit and indulges the resonant cavity that field couples with the quantum bit；The resonance
Chamber includes the first inductance and the first capacitor with first inductance in parallel, using first inductance by the resonant cavity and institute
It states quantum bit and carries out vertical field coupling；
The coupled structure, for coupling resonant cavity described in two basic units, to realize described two
Linear coupling between a basic unit.
In this way, superconducting circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention and Superconducting Quantum chip, Superconducting Quantum computer, it can
Solve cross-interference issue between quantum bit, and on the basis of between quantum bit without crosstalk, realize superconducting circuit structure it is simple,
Easy-regulating, expansible purpose.
Above-mentioned general introduction is merely to illustrate that the purpose of book, it is not intended to be limited in any way.Except foregoing description
Schematical aspect, except embodiment and feature, by reference to attached drawing and the following detailed description, the present invention is further
Aspect, embodiment and feature, which will be, to be readily apparent that.
Detailed description of the invention
In the accompanying drawings, unless specified otherwise herein, otherwise indicate the same or similar through the identical appended drawing reference of multiple attached drawings
Component or element.What these attached drawings were not necessarily to scale.It should be understood that these attached drawings depict only according to the present invention
Disclosed some embodiments, and should not serve to limit the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows " single quantum bit-resonant cavity " and indulges field pattern coupled structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 shows " quantum bits-resonant cavity-resonant cavity-quantum bit " to indulge field pattern coupled structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 shows basic cell structure schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 shows according to an embodiment of the present invention comprising there are two quantum bits without crosstalk superconducting circuit structural representation
Figure；
Fig. 5 shows quantum bit schematic network structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, certain exemplary embodiments are simply just described.As one skilled in the art will recognize that
Like that, without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, described embodiment can be modified by various different modes.
Therefore, attached drawing and description are considered essentially illustrative rather than restrictive.
In order to solve crosstalk problem, researchers propose a superconducting circuit implementation, as shown in Figure 1, realizing one
The quantum bit of a vertical field-resonant cavity coupled structure, interaction Hamiltonian form be quantum bit freedom degree (such as
Its gesture φqOr charge Qq) even function, while being also resonant cavity freedom degree (such as its gesture φrOr charge Qr) odd function；In
Two groups of components of parallel coupled (wherein include capacitor C, inductance L in parallel, and about plucked instrument for every group on the basis of Transmon quantum bit
The gloomy knot E of husbandJ), and this two groups of component absolute symmetries；If asymmetric, vertical field coupling just can not achieve, and then also cannot achieve ratio
Being operated without crosstalk between spy.Further, propose that " quantum bit-resonant cavity-resonant cavity-quantum bit " indulges field pattern coupling knot
Structure, as shown in Fig. 2, the coupling between quantum bit-resonant cavity is consistent with structure shown in FIG. 1, i.e. circuit knot in dotted line frame in Fig. 2
Structure is structure shown in FIG. 1, and in other words, vertical field coupled structure shown in Fig. 2 includes two symmetrical knots shown in FIG. 1
Structure.As shown in Fig. 2, for the coupled structure of " quantum bit-resonant cavity-resonant cavity-quantum bit " type between two quantum bits,
Linear coupling between resonant cavity and resonant cavity is unified by the node that will constitute the Josephson junction both ends of superconductive quantum bit
Pass through capacitor CgIt is grounded to realize.
Here, above-mentioned superconducting circuit as depicted in figs. 1 and 2 be accomplished that an equivalent quantum bit and one it is equivalent
Resonant cavity between vertical field coupling, in other words, the freedom degree of quantum bit resonant cavity is not directly to correspond to specific physics
Component.Moreover, there is also following disadvantages for above structure:
The first, circuit is excessively complicated.By taking the coupling of single quantum bit-resonant cavity as an example, as shown in Figure 1, needing to introduce volume
Six outer components, respectively two capacitors, two inductance and two Josephson junctions, in this way, the amount to realize vertical field
Sub- bit-resonant cavity coupling；In addition, as shown in Fig. 2, between designing two quantum bits " quantum bit-resonant cavity-resonant cavity-
When the coupled structure of quantum bit " type, need extraly to introduce four capacitors again to be grounded, to realize between resonant cavity and resonant cavity
Linear coupling；As quantum bit number increases, the quantity of component also can be linearly increasing.
The second, circuit restrictive condition is more.When indulging field pattern coupling between realizing quantum bit-resonant cavity, it is desirable that the two of introducing
A component is full symmetric.If the two component non complete symmetries, then it can not achieve required vertical field pattern quantum bit-resonant cavity
Coupling.In addition, use in the program or approximate schemes, (Josephson's energy is the Josephson junction introduced as shown in figure 1
EJ) need to be substituted with Josephson junction chain (Josephsonjunctionchain).
Third, circuit regulation be not direct.Quantum bit-resonant cavity coupling that design scheme as shown in Figure 1 or 2 is realized
It closes and resonant cavity-resonant cavity coupling is a kind of equivalent coupling, quantum bit, resonant cavity do not correspond to really specific
Physics component, and corresponding is equivalent scheme, therefore, is not easy to direct regulation and control system parameter.
Therefore, to solve the above problems, the embodiment of the invention provides simple, easy-regulatings, expansible, and without string between bit
The superconducting circuit structure and Superconducting Quantum chip disturbed, Superconducting Quantum computer.Specifically, between quantum bit of the embodiment of the present invention
It is connected by two linear coupling resonant cavities, and indulges field between quantum bit and resonant cavity and couple, in this way, an amount wherein
After applying microwave pulse on sub- bit, due to there is the coupling of vertical field pattern between the quantum bit and resonant cavity, so, Ke Yibao
The signal of card pulse can't leak into resonant cavity；Moreover, although linear coupling between two resonant cavities, due to pulse
Signal will not leak into resonant cavity, so another quantum bit not will receive any influence of the microwave pulse of application,
In this way, being operated without crosstalk between realizing quantum bit.
It is realized here it is to be noted that it superconducting circuit structure described in the embodiment of the present invention refers to using superconductive device
Circuit, i.e., component used is prepared by superconductor in the described superconducting circuit structure.
Here, Fig. 3 shows basic unit schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention；Fig. 4 is shown according to embodiments of the present invention
Comprising there are two quantum bits without crosstalk superconducting circuit structural schematic diagram, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the superconducting circuit structure
It include: at least two basic units and coupled structure；Wherein,
As shown in figure 3, the basic unit includes at least quantum bit and indulges the resonance that field couples with the quantum bit
Chamber；The resonant cavity includes the first inductance (L as shown in Figure 3r) and with the first inductance (L as shown in Figure 3r) in parallel
First capacitor (C as shown in Figure 3r), utilize the first inductance (L as shown in Figure 3r) by the resonant cavity and the quantum
Bit carries out vertical field coupling；
The coupled structure, as shown in figure 4, for coupling resonant cavity described in two basic units, with
Realize linear coupling between described two basic units.
In the embodiment of the present invention, for electric current by generating magnetic field after the first inductance in resonant cavity, which passes through quantum bit
Magnetic flux is formed, for example, the magnetic field, which passes through superconducting quantum interference device in quantum bit, generates magnetic flux, in this way, additional by this
Magnetic flux will have a direct impact on Josephson's energy of quantum bit, and then change the frequency of quantum bit, in this way, forming vertical field pattern
Coupling between quantum bit and resonant cavity, the process of the change quantum bit frequency are vertical field described in the embodiment of the present invention
Coupling principle.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first inductance in the resonant cavity can be inductance component, or equivalent electricity
Sense, such as Josephson junction chain (Josephson junction chain).
It should be noted that for ease of description, the following contents and diagram (such as Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) using alphabetical footmark (such as
" r ", " q ") and number mark (such as " 1 " and " 2 "), by the identical structure or component in same basic unit, and not
With in basic unit identical structure or component distinguish.For example, q1, q2 characterize different basic units respectively shown in Fig. 4
In quantum bit；R1, r2 characterize the resonant cavity in different basic units respectively；Cr1, Cr2(namely above-described first electricity
Hold) capacitor in different resonant cavities is characterized respectively；Lr1, Lr2(namely above-described first inductance) characterizes different resonance respectively
Inductance in chamber；Cq, CrThe capacitor in same basic unit different structure is characterized respectively.
Specifically, as shown in figure 4, after applying microwave pulse on quantum bit q1, due to quantum bit q1 and resonant cavity
There is the coupling of vertical field pattern between r1, so, it is ensured that the signal of pulse can't leak into resonant cavity r1；Moreover, to the greatest extent
Two resonant cavities of pipe, i.e. linear coupling between r1, r2, but since the signal of pulse will not leak into resonant cavity r1, so amount
Sub- bit q2 not will receive any influence for being applied to the microwave pulse of quantum bit q1, in this way, between realizing quantum bit
No crosstalk operation.
In one embodiment, as shown in figure 4, the coupled structure includes the second capacitor (C as shown in Figure 4c), it uses
In by two basic units resonant cavity carry out linear coupling.
Certainly, in practical application, the coupled structure can also be other circuit structures, for example, the coupled structure packet
Resonance circuit is included, in this way, the resonant cavity in two basic units is carried out linear coupling using the resonance circuit.One
In specific example, the circuit structure of the resonance circuit includes inductance and the capacitor with inductance in parallel.
In a specific example, the quantum bit includes superconducting quantum interference device；The superconducting quantum interference device
With the first inductance (L as shown in Figure 3 in the resonant cavityr) coupled, to realize the resonant cavity and the quantum ratio
Vertical field coupling between spy.In practical application, the superconducting quantum interference device includes: two Josephson junctions in parallel, such as
Shown in Fig. 3, Josephson's energy of each Josephson junction is denoted as EJ, q.In this way, when electric current passes through the first electricity in resonant cavity
Magnetic field is generated after sense, which forms magnetic flux by superconducting quantum interference device in quantum bit, passes through the additional magnetic flux meeting
Josephson's energy of superconducting quantum interference device is directly affected, and then changes the frequency of quantum bit, in this way, forming vertical field pattern
Quantum bit and resonant cavity between coupling.
In a specific example, the quantum bit further includes denoising structure, for the quantum bit local environment
Charge fluctuation carry out noise reduction.For example, in practical application, can noise reduction realize by capacitance, specifically, the quantum bit is also
Including the third capacitor (as shown in Figure 3 Cq) in parallel with the superconducting quantum interference device, for the quantum bit institute
The charge fluctuation for locating environment carries out noise reduction.
Here, it should be noted that quantum bit described in the embodiment of the present invention can also have by other types of
The structure of superconducting quantum interference device is realized, is realized such as Cooper pair box (Cooper pair box) structure, and the present invention is real
It is without limitation to apply example, as long as can be realized vertical field coupling principle between quantum bit and resonant cavity.
Similarly, it should be noted that for ease of description, C shown in Fig. 4q1, Cq2(namely above-described third electricity
Hold) capacitor that different quantum bits are included in different basic units is characterized respectively.
In another specific example, the superconducting circuit structure includes more than two basic units and more than two
After the coupled structure, it is capable of forming quantum bit network；Wherein, in the quantum bit network two neighboring quantum bit it
Between connected by the two neighboring resonant cavity of linear coupling；Linear coupling between the resonant cavity passes through the coupled structure
It realizes, as shown in Figure 5, for example, next by the resonant cavity r1, r2 of linear coupling between two neighboring quantum bit q1, q2
Connection, and r1, r2 are linear couplings realize by capacitance, and so on form quantum Binet network.
In this way, the signal of pulse will not leak into resonant cavity, institute since the vertical field of quantum bit has coupled resonant cavity
With even if foring quantum bit network, also without cross-interference issue between quantum bit, therefore, the embodiment of the present invention solves quantum
Cross-interference issue between bit, and on the basis of between quantum bit without crosstalk, realizes that superconducting circuit structure is simple, easily adjusts
Control, expansible purpose.
The embodiment of the present invention is described in further details below in conjunction with specific example；It should be noted that for convenient for retouching
It states, using subscript (such as q, r), and number mark such as " 1 ", " 2 ", by the identical structure or member device in identical basic unit
Identical structure or component in part, and different basic units distinguish.Specifically,
It in one embodiment, is the single quantum bit-resonant cavity coupling for realizing vertical field, the embodiment of the present invention provides first
Kind superconducting circuit structure, as shown in figure 3, the superconducting circuit structure includes: quantum bit and couples with the quantum bit
Resonant cavity.Wherein,
The quantum bit includes superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID, Superconducting Quantum
Interference Device) and the capacitor C in parallel with the SQUIDq；The SQUID includes: two in parallel about plucked instrument
Josephson's energy of the gloomy knot of husband, each Josephson junction is denoted as EJ, q；
The resonant cavity includes inductance LrAnd with inductance LrCapacitor C in parallelr, the eigenfrequency of the resonant cavity is
By changing the magnetic flux across SQUID, the regulation to the frequency of quantum bit can be realized.
Here, the realization principle of field coupling is indulged between quantum bit resonant cavity as shown in Figure 3 are as follows: flow through resonant cavity electricity
Feel LrCurrent induced magnetic field, the magnetic field can pass through quantum bit SQUID so that its magnetic flux is changed, pass through the additional magnetic
The logical Josephson's energy that will have a direct impact on SQUID, and then change the frequency of quantum bit, to make quantum bit and resonant cavity
Vertical field is coupled.
Further, the Hamiltonian H of superconducting circuit structure as shown in Figure 3 includes two parts, is respectively as follows: quantum bit
(e.g., first two in following formula (1)) resonant cavity (latter two in i.e. following formula (1)):
Wherein, Φ0=h/2e (h characterizes Planck's constant, and e characterizes electronic charge) is constant, characterizes Quantum Magnetic
It is logical.φqAnd QqThe freedom degree of quantum bit is characterized, [φ is metq, Qq]=2ie.Equally, φrAnd QrCharacterize the freedom of resonant cavity
Degree meets [φr, Qr]=2ie.In addition, the magnetic flux for passing through the SQUID of quantum bit includes two parts, it is respectively as follows:(table
Levy the magnetic flux of SQUID itself) and δ Φext(additional magnetic flux that characterization is induced by resonant cavity).
Here, due to δ ΦextPresence so that quantum bit is effectively coupled together with resonant cavity.
The concrete form of quantum bit and resonant cavity efficient coupling is given below:
When the magnetic flux induced by resonant cavity is much smaller than SQUID itself magnetic flux in quantum bit, i.e. δ Φext< < Φ0, obtain
To formula (2):
In formula (2) generation, is gone back into formula (1), obtains formula (3):
Second quantization is carried out to formula (3), i.e., will describe the operator φ of quantum bitq, QqPauli operator σ is used instead to portray,
By the corresponding operator φ of resonant cavityr, QrUse the raising and lowering operator insteadExpression.More specifically, in formula (3) first two it is corresponding
One quantum bit, due to nonlinear Josephson's energy cos (φq) presence, it is thereby achieved that a unequal interval
The quantized system of energy level, and then by regulation, it can realize an equivalent two-level energy system (i.e. quantum bit).Secondly, public
Section 3 and Section 4 in formula (3) correspond to resonant cavity.After second quantization, it can be written asWhereinFinally, last in formula (3) describes the interaction of quantum bit and resonant cavity,
In(λ characterizes constant) indicates that the additional magnetic flux across quantum bit corresponds to resonant cavity inductance
LrCorresponding magnetic flux.Herein, the most key is cos (φq) be transformed under Pauli presentation.It is in fact possible to choose quantum
Two eigenstates of bit | 0 >, | 1 > it is used as one group of basic vector, to operator cos (φq) projected, in this way, obtaining:
<0|cos(φq) | 1>=<1 | cos (φq) | 0 >=0；Wherein, < 0 | cos (φq) | 0>,<1 | cos (φq) | 1 > be
Finite value.
And then it obtains as φqCoupling function, cos (φq) σ can be converted under Pauli presentationz；Final formula (3) is of equal value
For following formula (4):
Wherein, g indicates the stiffness of coupling between quantum bit-resonant cavity.So far, superconduction as described in Figure 3 is had been described
The Hamiltonian H of circuit structure, i.e. formula (4).The formula (4) can clearly characterize a quantum bit and a resonant cavity
Between vertical field pattern interaction
Certainly, in practical application, another more intuitive method surpassing formula (4) and as shown in Figure 3 can also be used
Conductive line structure is mapped.Specifically, effective Josephson's energy of SQUID is proportional in view of the frequency of quantum bit, and
Josephson's energy is then the magnetic flux across SQUIDFunction, be based on this, the frequency of quantum bit is writeable
ForTherefore, describe superconducting circuit structure shown in Fig. 3 Hamiltonian be rewritten as it is following
Formula (5), derivation process is as follows:
Wherein,Characterize quantum bit and resonant cavity
Between stiffness of coupling.In addition, preceding two (the omitting higher order term) of Taylor expansion are only had chosen in second step above, it should
The condition that operation is set up is that the variation of the SQUID magnetic flux induced by resonant cavity is far smaller than quantum magnetic flux, i.e. δ Φext< <
Φ0.The condition be analyzed above used in it is consistent.
To sum up, the realization principle of superconducting circuit structure of the embodiment of the present invention is given.
Obviously, superconducting circuit structure described in the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages that
First, superconducting circuit structure described in the embodiment of the present invention is simple, it is only necessary to which seldom component can be realized vertical
The quantum bit of field-resonant cavity coupling, here, by 1 circuit complexity of comparison diagram, this conclusion that you can get it.
The second, superconducting circuit structure restrictive condition described in the embodiment of the present invention is few.With structural requirement shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
It compares, superconducting circuit structure described in the embodiment of the present invention is relatively multiple without introducing without requiring circuit unit full symmetric
Miscellaneous Josephson junction chain.
Superconducting circuit structure described in third, the embodiment of the present invention is easy regulation；With it is equivalent provided by Fig. 1 or Fig. 2
(i.e. shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, realize quantum bit and resonant cavity is equivalent circuit, rather than right for quantum bit and equivalent resonant cavity
The physics component answered) it compares, quantum bit resonant cavity is corresponding real in superconducting circuit structure described in the embodiment of the present invention
Border physics component, i.e., the freedom degree of quantum bit resonant cavity corresponds to true object in the Hamiltonian of superconducting circuit structure
Component is managed, without carrying out conversion and complicated calculating, therefore, convenient for regulation.
In this way, to solve the string between quantum bit based on the first superconducting circuit structure described in the embodiment of the present invention
The problem of disturbing has established circuit structure basis.
In another embodiment, the linear coupling between realization resonant cavity, provides second of superconducting circuit structure,
Second of superconducting circuit structure is realized based on the first superconducting circuit structure, i.e., in the first superconducting circuit structure
On the basis of, realize the linear coupling between two adjacent resonators.Specifically, Fig. 4, which is shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention includes
There are two quantum bits without crosstalk superconducting circuit structural schematic diagram, as shown in figure 4, being somebody's turn to do, " quantum bit q1- resonant cavity r1- is humorous
Two LC resonance chambers are passed through a capacitor C by vibration chamber r2- quantum bit q2 " structurecIt is coupled, in this way, between resonant cavity
Coupling be coupling between charge and charge, i.e. interaction item can be expressed as ∝ Qr1 Qr2, wherein Qr1, Qr2It respectively corresponds
The charge freedom degree of resonant cavity r1, r2.By second quantization, further interaction item can be written asFinally, the Hamiltonian of the superconducting circuit structure as shown in Figure 4 will be described with following formula (6)
It indicates:
Wherein, ωq1, ωq2, ωr1, ωr2Respectively quantum bit q1, quantum bit q2, resonant cavity r1, resonant cavity r2
Frequency；g1, g2, gcQ1~r1, the stiffness of coupling between q2~r2 and r1~r2 are characterized respectively.
The scheme for realizing single-bit logic gate and dibit logic gate is given below.Here, if being done for quantum bit q1
Single-bit operation, then need to only apply suitable microwave pulse on quantum bit q1.Due between quantum bit-resonant cavityLine style coupling between type coupling and resonant cavity So that being done to quantum bit q1
Operation, quantum bit q2 can't be affected, in other words, realize between quantum bit without crosstalk.Further, if
It realizes two quantum bit logic gates, then needs to apply microwave pulse to two quantum bits simultaneously in such a way that sideband couples.Letter
For list, needing to apply a frequency is ωq1+nωr1The microwave pulse of (n is positive integer) is applied simultaneously on quantum bit q1
Adding another frequency is ωq2+mωr2The microwave pulse of (m is positive integer) is on quantum bit q2, in this way, can realize
The dibit logical operation of effect.
Obviously, second of superconducting circuit structure described in the embodiment of the present invention is solving cross-interference issue, is realizing quantum bit
Between without crosstalk on the basis of, have the further advantage that
First, superconducting circuit structure described in the embodiment of the present invention is simple, it is only necessary to which seldom component can be realized vertical
The quantum bit of field-resonant cavity coupling, here, by comparison diagram 1 and Fig. 2 circuit complexity, this conclusion that you can get it.In addition,
The embodiment of the present invention can realize the coupling between resonant cavity by a capacitor, with four capacity earths of introducing shown in Fig. 2
Scheme compare, the embodiment of the present invention realizes that the mode that couples is simple between resonant cavity, few using component.
The second, superconducting circuit structure restrictive condition described in the embodiment of the present invention is few.With structural requirement shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
It compares, superconducting circuit structure described in the embodiment of the present invention is relatively multiple without introducing without requiring circuit unit full symmetric
Miscellaneous Josephson junction chain.
Superconducting circuit structure described in third, the embodiment of the present invention is easy regulation；With it is equivalent provided by Fig. 1 or Fig. 2
(i.e. shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, realize quantum bit and resonant cavity is equivalent circuit, rather than right for quantum bit and equivalent resonant cavity
The physics component answered) it compares, quantum bit resonant cavity is corresponding real in superconducting circuit structure described in the embodiment of the present invention
Border physics component, i.e., the freedom degree of quantum bit resonant cavity corresponds to true object in the Hamiltonian of superconducting circuit structure
Component is managed, without carrying out conversion and complicated calculating, therefore, convenient for regulation.
In another embodiment, to realize expansible quantum bit network, the embodiment of the invention provides the third
Superconducting circuit structure, the third superconducting circuit structure are based on the first superconducting circuit structure and second of superconducting circuit structure
And realize, i.e., on the basis of the first superconducting circuit structure and second of superconducting circuit structure, realize expansible quantum
Bit network.Specifically, Fig. 5 shows the superconducting circuit knot without crosstalk between expansible quantum bit according to an embodiment of the present invention
Structure schematic diagram, as shown in figure 5, being a two-dimensional network structure by superconducting circuit structure extension shown in Fig. 4, wherein every two
It is connected between quantum bit by the resonant cavity of two linear couplings, such as four quantum bits q1, q2, q3, q4 passes through linear
Resonant cavity r1~the r2, r3~r4, r5~r6, r7~r8 of coupling is connected, be thusly-formed a network, such as quantum bit
Resonant cavity r1~r2 that q1, q2 are intercoupled by two is connected, and quantum bit q2, q3 intercoupled by two it is humorous
Vibration chamber r3~r4 is connected, and so on form quantum Binet network；Here, dotted line shown in fig. 5 illustrates that this superconducts
Line structure can be easily expanded to a two-dimensional quantum bit network.
Further, it for the quantum bit network (superconducting circuit structure i.e. shown in fig. 5) after extension, can still adopt
The operation to quantum bit is realized with the method for two quantum bit of aforementioned operation.Apply on some quantum bit independent
When microwave pulse, single-bit logic gate can be realized, and other quantum bits can't be affected, realize quantum ratio
It is operated between spy without crosstalk.Further, it if being intended to realize the operation closed between two quantum bits, needs to close on two at this simultaneously
Apply suitable microwave pulse on quantum bit.Principle and discussed earlier consistent, details are not described herein again.
Obviously, the third superconducting circuit structure described in the embodiment of the present invention is solving cross-interference issue, is realizing quantum bit
Between without crosstalk on the basis of, have the further advantage that
First, superconducting circuit structure described in the embodiment of the present invention is simple, it is only necessary to which seldom component can be realized vertical
The quantum bit of field-resonant cavity coupling, here, by comparison diagram 1 and Fig. 2 circuit complexity, this conclusion that you can get it.In addition,
The embodiment of the present invention can realize the coupling between resonant cavity by a capacitor, with four capacity earths of introducing shown in Fig. 2
Scheme compare, the embodiment of the present invention realizes that the mode that couples is simple between resonant cavity, few using component.
The second, superconducting circuit structure restrictive condition described in the embodiment of the present invention is few.With structural requirement shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
It compares, superconducting circuit structure described in the embodiment of the present invention is relatively multiple with being not necessarily to introduce without requiring circuit unit full symmetric
Miscellaneous Josephson junction chain.
Superconducting circuit structure described in third, the embodiment of the present invention is easy regulation；With it is equivalent provided by Fig. 1 or Fig. 2
(i.e. shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, realize quantum bit and resonant cavity is equivalent circuit, rather than right for quantum bit and equivalent resonant cavity
The physics component answered) it compares, quantum bit resonant cavity is corresponding real in superconducting circuit structure described in the embodiment of the present invention
Border physics component, i.e., the freedom degree of quantum bit resonant cavity corresponds to true object in the Hamiltonian of superconducting circuit structure
Component is managed, without carrying out conversion and complicated calculating, therefore, convenient for regulation.
4th, superconducting circuit structure described in the embodiment of the present invention can be easily extended to a two-dimensional network structure.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of Superconducting Quantum chip, at least formed with superconduction on the Superconducting Quantum chip
Circuit structure, the superconducting circuit structure include: at least two basic units and coupled structure；Wherein,
The basic unit includes at least quantum bit and indulges the resonant cavity that field couples with the quantum bit；The resonance
Chamber includes the first inductance and the first capacitor with first inductance in parallel, using first inductance by the resonant cavity and institute
It states quantum bit and carries out vertical field coupling；
The coupled structure, for coupling resonant cavity described in two basic units, to realize described two
Linear coupling between a basic unit.
It need to be noted that: the superconducting circuit structure in the above Superconducting Quantum chip is similar with above structure, and has
There is the identical beneficial effect with above-mentioned superconducting circuit constructive embodiment, therefore does not repeat them here.For Superconducting Quantum chip of the present invention
Undisclosed technical detail in embodiment, those skilled in the art please refer to the description of above-mentioned superconducting structure and understand, for section
About length, which is not described herein again.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of Superconducting Quantum computer, the Superconducting Quantum computer is at least provided with super
Lead quantum chip and the manipulation connecting with the Superconducting Quantum chip and reading device, at least shape on the Superconducting Quantum chip
At there is superconducting circuit structure, the superconducting circuit structure includes: at least two basic units and coupled structure；Wherein,
The basic unit includes at least quantum bit and indulges the resonant cavity that field couples with the quantum bit；The resonance
Chamber includes the first inductance and the first capacitor with first inductance in parallel, using first inductance by the resonant cavity and institute
It states quantum bit and carries out vertical field coupling；
The coupled structure, for coupling resonant cavity described in two basic units, to realize described two
Linear coupling between a basic unit.
It need to be noted that: the superconducting circuit structure in the above Superconducting Quantum computer is similar with above structure, and
With beneficial effect identical with above-mentioned superconducting circuit constructive embodiment, therefore do not repeat them here.For Superconducting Quantum meter of the present invention
Undisclosed technical detail in calculation machine embodiment, those skilled in the art please refer to the description of above-mentioned superconducting structure and understand,
To save length, which is not described herein again.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described
It may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more of the embodiments or examples.In addition, without conflicting with each other, this
The technical staff in field can be by the spy of different embodiments or examples described in this specification and different embodiments or examples
Sign is combined.
In addition, term " first ", " second " are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance
Or implicitly indicate the quantity of indicated technical characteristic." first " is defined as a result, the feature of " second " can be expressed or hidden
It include at least one this feature containing ground.In the description of the present invention, the meaning of " plurality " is two or more, unless otherwise
Clear specific restriction.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can readily occur in its various change or replacement,
These should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the guarantor of the claim
It protects subject to range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of superconducting circuit structure, which is characterized in that the superconducting circuit structure includes: at least two basic units, and
Coupled structure；Wherein,
The basic unit includes at least quantum bit and indulges the resonant cavity that field couples with the quantum bit；The resonant cavity packet
The first inductance and the first capacitor with first inductance in parallel are included, using first inductance by the resonant cavity and the amount
Sub- bit carries out vertical field coupling；
The coupled structure, for coupling resonant cavity described in two basic units, to realize described two bases
Linear coupling between this unit.
2. superconducting circuit structure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the coupled structure includes the second capacitor, is used
In by two basic units resonant cavity carry out linear coupling.
3. superconducting circuit structure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the coupled structure includes resonance circuit, is used
In by two basic units resonant cavity carry out linear coupling.
4. superconducting circuit structure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the quantum bit includes superconductive quantum interference
Device, for being coupled with the first inductance in the resonant cavity, to realize between the resonant cavity and the quantum bit
Vertical field coupling.
5. superconducting circuit structure according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the superconducting quantum interference device includes parallel connection
Two Josephson junctions.
6. superconducting circuit structure according to claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that the quantum bit further includes noise reduction knot
Structure carries out noise reduction for the charge fluctuation to the quantum bit local environment.
7. superconducting circuit structure according to claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that the quantum bit further include with it is described
The third capacitor of superconducting quantum interference device parallel connection carries out noise reduction for the charge fluctuation to the quantum bit local environment.
8. superconducting circuit structure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the superconducting circuit structure includes two or more
After the basic unit and more than two coupled structures, it is capable of forming quantum bit network；Wherein, the quantum bit
It is connected between two neighboring quantum bit by the two neighboring resonant cavity of linear coupling in network；Between the resonant cavity
Linear coupling is realized by the coupled structure.
9. a kind of Superconducting Quantum chip, which is characterized in that at least formed with superconducting circuit structure on the Superconducting Quantum chip,
In, the superconducting circuit structure includes the described in any item superconducting circuit structures of claim 1 to 8.
10. a kind of Superconducting Quantum computer, which is characterized in that the Superconducting Quantum computer is at least provided with Superconducting Quantum chip
And the manipulation being connect with the Superconducting Quantum chip and reading device；Wherein, on the Superconducting Quantum chip at least formed with
The described in any item superconducting circuit structures of claim 1 to 8.
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| CN111931940A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-11-13 | 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 | High-fidelity superconducting circuit structure, superconducting quantum chip and superconducting quantum computer |
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| WO2023005972A1 (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-02-02 | 合肥本源量子计算科技有限责任公司 | Method for determining crosstalk of quantum bits, quantum measurement and control system, and quantum computer |
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