CN110472365B - Method for establishing modal test three-dimensional geometric model - Google Patents
Method for establishing modal test three-dimensional geometric model Download PDFInfo
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- CN110472365B CN110472365B CN201910779213.1A CN201910779213A CN110472365B CN 110472365 B CN110472365 B CN 110472365B CN 201910779213 A CN201910779213 A CN 201910779213A CN 110472365 B CN110472365 B CN 110472365B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2200/00—Indexing scheme for image data processing or generation, in general
- G06T2200/08—Indexing scheme for image data processing or generation, in general involving all processing steps from image acquisition to 3D model generation
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- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for establishing a modal test three-dimensional geometric model, which comprises the steps of placing a tested object on a rotating base, controlling the rotating base to rotate by software running on a computer host, shooting the tested object at different angles through a camera, establishing a test point, line and plane model based on different angles, and finally integrating the three-dimensional geometric model of the tested object through sub-models at all angles. The method can quickly establish the modal test three-dimensional geometric model, accurately position the position of each measuring point, and realize visual and convenient establishment process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of structural mechanical property analysis and test, and particularly relates to a method for establishing a modal test three-dimensional geometric model.
Background
The experimental modal technology is an important research content in the vibration field, and various dynamic characteristics of the structure, including parameters such as natural frequency, damping ratio and vibration mode, can be obtained through modal testing and analysis, so that key data and basis are provided for subsequent structural optimization design and vibration and noise reduction.
Referring to fig. 1, the modal testing procedure is as follows: firstly, establishing a modal test three-dimensional geometric model, then installing sensors of acceleration, speed or displacement and the like on a tested object, exciting the tested object through a vibration exciter or a force hammer, acquiring data to obtain an acceleration response signal and an input force signal, calculating a frequency response function and a coherence function through software, finally extracting various modal parameters (inherent frequency, damping ratio, vibration type and the like) of the tested object, and performing modal verification.
From the view of the whole modal testing process, the establishment of the three-dimensional geometric model is the basis of modal testing and is also a crucial step, because the three-dimensional geometric model helps us to determine the number and the positions of the testing points and is also the basis of subsequent mode animation display. More importantly, the accurate three-dimensional geometric model can help people to accurately position the node position in the modal shape, and important reference is provided for subsequent structural vibration reduction and structural optimization design, so that the method is very important for modal testing by quickly, efficiently and accurately establishing the modal testing three-dimensional geometric model.
At present, the modal test geometric model is mainly established by the following methods:
1. the method is characterized in that manual measurement is carried out on site by adopting tools such as a tape measure and the like, X, Y and Z three-dimensional coordinates of each measuring point are measured in sequence, then the coordinates of each measuring point are input into conventional modal test software, so that a model is established, the method is extremely low in efficiency, and for a complex model such as a robot, a modal test model can be established within 1-2 days, so that the progress of the whole experiment is seriously influenced; meanwhile, the establishment of each measuring point is judged manually, so that the coordinates have large errors, and even some directional freedom degrees of some measuring points cannot be measured, which can influence the subsequent modal analysis.
2. If a digital model is provided, the coordinates of each measuring point are measured on the model, and then the coordinates are input or guided into conventional modal test software to complete modeling, compared with the first method, manual measurement is not needed to be carried out on site, but because a digital model has certain deviation (especially the coordinates of each point) in the process of establishing compared with a real experimental object, and meanwhile, the coordinates of each measuring point need to be measured on the digital model, each measured point has larger deviation with the actual position of the site measuring point, and the subsequent modal analysis is also influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for quickly and accurately establishing a modal test three-dimensional geometric model. The modal testing model can be quickly, efficiently and accurately established, the modal testing efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the subsequent sensor arrangement is guided, the modal node is further accurately positioned, and important basis is provided for the subsequent structural vibration reduction and structural optimization design.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of creating a modal testing three-dimensional geometric model, comprising the steps of:
(1) Placing the object to be tested on a rotating base, and simultaneously operating modal model establishing software on a computer host;
(2) Rotating the measured object to the angle and position of the measured point to be established;
(3) Starting a camera to shoot and display the measured object in real time;
(4) The modal model building software imports a modal shape result of simulation calculation of the measured object, automatically identifies a key reference measuring point and visually displays the key reference measuring point on a video of the measured object;
(5) A user clicks the position of a measuring point to be established on a measured object in a video image by using a mouse, so that the two-dimensional coordinate of each measuring point plane is accurately determined;
(6) The modal model is established with software to control a laser ranging sensor, and a third-dimensional coordinate of each measuring point is measured;
(7) The modal model building software executes automatic modeling, connects the measuring points into a line, and reconstructs a vertical face model based on the measuring points if necessary;
(8) The modal model building software judges whether all angles of the measured object are measured or not, if not, the rotating base is controlled to rotate, the measured object is rotated to the next angle, and the step 3 is returned;
(9) And (5) repeating the steps 2 to 8 until the models of the measuring points, the lines and the surfaces of all the angles are established, and then comprehensively generating a three-dimensional geometric model of the whole measured object through the sub-models of all the angles.
Furthermore, the rotating base, the camera and the laser ranging sensor are connected to the computer host and controlled by the computer host.
Furthermore, the rotating base is connected with a computer host and can rotate 360 degrees under the automatic control of modal model establishing software running on the computer host.
Furthermore, the modal model establishing software comprises the functions of video modeling, laser ranging, rotating base control and the like.
Further, in step 2, an initial rotational position is selected by the user.
Further, the simulation calculation modal shape result is analyzed in advance, a corresponding import file is provided, and the modal model building software acquires the key reference measuring point information of the measured object by importing the file and displays the measuring point on the measured object in the measured object video displayed in real time.
Further, in step 5, the user first clicks the approximate position of the measurement point on the object to be measured using the mouse, and then fine-tunes the position using the up, down, left, right keys and the software buttons.
Further, scaling of the video image may be performed while fine-tuning.
Further, the angle of each rotation is set by default by the system.
Further, the angle of each rotation is set by the user himself.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) A modal test three-dimensional geometric model is quickly established, and the modal test analysis efficiency is greatly improved; 2) The position of each measuring point is accurately positioned, the experimental precision is improved, the position of a structural modal node is accurately obtained, and a basis is provided for subsequent vibration and noise reduction and structural optimization design; 3) In the whole modeling process, the software displays the characteristic information of each angle of the actually measured object in an all-around manner, and the method is visual and convenient.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, are not intended to limit the invention, and:
fig. 1 is a prior art modal testing flow.
FIG. 2 is a detailed flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions are only intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
The invention is suitable for various measured objects with different shapes, and in order to establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the measured object, the invention needs to comprise the following components on a hardware structure: the system comprises a rotary base, a camera, a laser ranging sensor and a computer host, wherein modal model establishing software runs on the computer host.
The rotating base, the camera and the laser ranging sensor are connected to the computer host and are controlled by the computer host. The camera shoots images under the control of the computer host, and transmits the shot images back to the computer host. The laser ranging sensor emits laser under the control of the computer host, measures the distance and transmits the measured distance back to the computer host. The modal model building software is used for implementing the method of the invention, and the specific execution steps are described below.
Referring to fig. 2, based on the above hardware structure, the method steps of the present invention are described in detail as follows:
(1) And placing the object to be tested on the rotary base, and simultaneously operating modal model establishing software on the computer host.
As mentioned above, the rotating base is connected to the host computer and can rotate 360 degrees under the automatic control of the modal model building software running on the host computer, so as to conveniently shoot and measure the object to be measured from various angles. Therefore, the invention places the tested object on the rotary base, automatically rotates the base through software, drives the tested object to rotate, and carries out corresponding subsequent corresponding modal test.
The modal model establishing software is core software for executing the method, and comprises the functions of video modeling, laser ranging, rotating base control and the like.
(2) And rotating the measured object to the angle and position of the measured point to be established.
The initial rotating position can be freely selected by a user, and the user can control the rotating base to rotate to a proper angle and position by establishing software through a modal model running on a computer host.
(3) And starting the camera to shoot and display the measured object in real time.
The camera is connected with the computer host, after the camera is started through the computer host, the camera shoots a measured object on the rotating base, a shot image or video is sent back to the computer host, and the modal model establishing software receives the shot image or video and can display the image or video in real time in an object window provided by the software.
(4) And the modal model establishing software imports a modal shape result of simulation calculation of the measured object, automatically identifies key reference measuring points and visually displays the key reference measuring points on the video of the measured object.
Specifically, the modal shape result of the simulation calculation is analyzed in advance, a corresponding import file is provided, and the modal model building software acquires the key reference measuring point information of the measured object by importing the file and displays the measuring points on the measured object in the measured object video displayed in real time, so that a user can visually see the measuring points. However, the previously analyzed measuring points are only referential, and the user can refer to the measuring points to complete the subsequent steps.
(5) A user clicks the position of a measuring point to be established on a measured object in a video image by using a mouse, so that two-dimensional coordinates (in X and Y directions) of each measuring point plane are accurately determined.
Specifically, a user firstly uses a mouse to click on the approximate position of a measuring point on a measured object, then fine adjustment of the position can be performed by using upper, lower, left and right keys and a software button, the fine adjustment precision is based on the resolution or pixels of a camera, and the video image can be zoomed while fine adjustment is performed, so that the position of each measuring point can be accurately positioned.
After the positions of the measuring points are positioned, the modal model establishing software can determine the two-dimensional coordinates of each measuring point on the plane graph of the video, and meanwhile, the corresponding conversion between the two-dimensional coordinates on the plane graph of the video and the real two-dimensional coordinates of each measuring point of the measured object is realized by utilizing the coordinate calibration function of the measuring points of the software.
(6) And the modal model is established with software to control the laser ranging sensor and measure the third-dimensional coordinate (Z direction) of each measuring point.
Specifically, after the planar two-dimensional coordinates of the measuring points are determined, the modal model building software starts the laser ranging sensor to measure the distance from the corresponding measuring point on the measured object to the sensor, and the three-dimensional space coordinates of the measuring point on the measured object can be determined by the modal model building software in combination with the planar two-dimensional coordinates. The distance measurement work is carried out on each measuring point selected by a user, so that the measuring point can be accurately positioned on the side, facing the camera, of the object to be measured.
(7) The modal model building software executes automatic modeling, connects the measuring points into a line, and reconstructs a vertical face model based on the measuring points if necessary.
Specifically, after each measuring point on the current surface is positioned, the modal model building software can perform corresponding modeling based on the measuring points, and connect the measuring points or build a surface, so as to obtain a geometric model of the surface of the measured object.
(8) And the modal model establishing software judges whether all angles of the measured object are measured or not, if not, the rotating base is controlled to rotate, the measured object is rotated to the next angle, and the step 3 is returned.
Specifically, the rotation angle may be a default setting of the system, or may be set by the user. For example, each rotation angle may be set to 30 degrees, so that a total of 360/30=12 angles need to be measured. And the modal model establishing software judges whether 12 angles are measured, if not, the rotating base is controlled to rotate for 30 degrees, the steps 3-7 are executed again, and finally, measuring point, line and plane models in 12 directions are obtained.
(9) And (3) repeating the steps 2-8 until the measuring point, line and surface models of all angles are built, then comprehensively generating a three-dimensional geometric model of the whole measured object through the sub-models of all angles, wherein in the process of synthesizing the sub-models, the software has the function of converting the angles of the coordinate system.
And taking the measuring points, the lines and the surface model generated by each angle as the submodels of the angle, continuing the above example, if the total number of the angles is 12, repeatedly executing the steps 2-8 will generate 12 submodels, and the modal model building software synthesizes the 12 submodels, so that the complete three-dimensional geometric model of the measured object can be generated.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications of the structure, characteristics and principles described in the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for establishing a modal testing three-dimensional geometric model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Placing the object to be tested on a rotating base, and simultaneously operating modal model establishing software on a computer host;
(2) Rotating the measured object to the angle and position of the measured point to be established;
(3) Starting a camera to shoot and display the measured object in real time;
(4) The modal model building software imports a modal shape result of simulation calculation of the measured object, automatically identifies key reference measuring points and visually displays the measuring points on a measured object video displayed in real time;
(5) A user clicks the position of a measuring point to be established on a measured object in a video image by using a mouse, so that a two-dimensional coordinate of each measuring point plane is accurately determined; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the user firstly uses a mouse to click the approximate position of a measuring point on a measured object, then uses upper, lower, left and right keys and a software button to carry out fine adjustment on the position, and can zoom a video image while carrying out fine adjustment, wherein the fine adjustment precision is based on the resolution or pixels of a camera;
(6) The modal model is established with software to control a laser ranging sensor, and a third-dimensional coordinate of each measuring point is measured;
(7) The modal model building software executes automatic modeling, connects the measuring points into a line, and reconstructs a vertical face model based on the measuring points if necessary;
(8) The modal model building software judges whether all angles of the measured object are measured or not, if not, the rotating base is controlled to rotate, the measured object is rotated to the next angle, and the step 3 is returned;
(9) And (4) repeating the step 2~8 until the models of the measuring points, the lines and the surfaces of the angles are built, and then comprehensively generating a three-dimensional geometric model of the whole measured object through the sub-models of the angles.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the rotating base, the camera and the laser ranging sensor are connected to the computer host and controlled by the computer host.
3. The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the rotating base is connected to a computer host and is capable of 360 degree rotation under the automatic control of modality modeling software running on the computer host.
4. The method according to any of claims 1-2, wherein the modality modeling software includes video modeling, laser ranging, rotating base control functions.
5. The method according to any of claims 1-2, wherein in step 2, the initial rotational position is selected by a user.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the result of the simulation calculation modal shape is analyzed in advance, and a corresponding import file is provided, and the modal model building software imports the file to obtain the key reference measuring point information of the measured object and display the measuring point on the measured object in the measured object video displayed in real time.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the angle of each rotation is set by system default.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the angle of each rotation is set at the user's discretion.
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