CN1104708C - Multi-stage transponder wake-up, method and struture thereof - Google Patents
Multi-stage transponder wake-up, method and struture thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1104708C CN1104708C CN 95115166 CN95115166A CN1104708C CN 1104708 C CN1104708 C CN 1104708C CN 95115166 CN95115166 CN 95115166 CN 95115166 A CN95115166 A CN 95115166A CN 1104708 C CN1104708 C CN 1104708C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a system and a method, which provides multistage work for a transponder (14) or is awoken so as to save the work capacity of the transponder or a label (14). The system is provided with a threshold detector (62) for measuring the power level of received RF energy. If the RF energy received by the detector (62) exceeds a preset level, the transponder (14) determines whether the transponder (14) is awoken by an effective interrogation signal of an interrogator (12) by a modulation detector (64), or the received RF energy is only some pulse strings of other original false RF energy. If preset modulation is detected by the modulation detector (64), the transponder (14) is comprehensively activated to a normal working condition.
Description
Here cite following patented claim as a reference, they are all transferred the possession of.The patent No./serial number applying date TI case numbers 5,053, TI in 774 91 on February 13,25 TI TI 17529 on February 23rd, 1668808/021,123 93 in 1279707/981,635 92 year November
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to comprise the recognition system of interrogator and transponder types, relate in particular to a kind of like this system, in this system, interrogator is launched interrogating signal to transponder, and as replying, transponder is to interrogator echo reply signal.The present invention also relates generally to the improvement to the communication means between interrogator and the transponder.In specific embodiment, the automotive vehicle that the present invention relates to recognition system is confirmed (AVI).
Background technology
The present invention will maintain close ties with and can confirm that (AVI) system is described by the automotive vehicle of swap data sign indicating number between interrogator and transponder.Yet the AVI field is the aspect that principle of the present invention described herein can be employed.Use no battery transponder or have the system of battery transponder to can be applicable to the object that has transponder such as livestock, luggage or other article etc. is confirmed or located.In addition, transponder can provide about the status information by the object of its location, and for example, whether the transponder that is contained on the car door can indicate car door opening.The transponder that is applied in above-identified system or other system can be signal-powered with battery or less radio-frequency (RF).
Usually, for the AVI system, interrogator is arranged on the place of charge station, garage parking or other limiting access of turn pike.Interrogator (reader) is discerned the automobile that passes through by sending wireless interrogation signal to transponder (label), and the self-contained unit that this transponder is normally less is placed on the mudguard or windshield such as automobile.Like this, can identify automobile (or other vehicles or object) with method fast and effectively.Used this system, can be on the account number related with the people of driver, owner or other appointments discrepancy expense note.The markon not the 21st piece of the 2nd unit the 16th chapter 1-4 bar of Buddhist nun's subera sign indicating number rule proposed to be used for the compatibility standard of this AVI system, be called the Caltrans standard at this.
For the specific embodiment compatible mutually with the Caltrans standard, interrogator plays a part minimumly is: 1) trigger or activate transponder; 2) the special information of inquiry transponder; 3) receiving inquiring that effectively replying the back provides confirmation to transponder.The instant order of Caltrans standard has comprised electronic toll collection, is described as part " electronics tax revenue and traffic administration " sometimes (ETTM).The AVI equipment of collecting taxes generally is made of two function element: the interrogator of vehicle-mounted transponder and stationkeeping.
Collecting taxes stands is made of an interrogator that carries out work as mentioned above at least.When the special information of inquiry or " registration " such as transponder identification number (ID) etc., interrogator (or independently computing machine) is usually according to effective legal accounts database inspection transponder ID.If transponder ID is effective and legal, interrogator will send a signal to gate mechanism or to the station computing machine of collecting taxes, and operate this gate mechanism, and automobile can be passed through.Certainly, also can be other forcing device that makes the less interruption of traffic, for example, all automobiles be passed through, be loaded with the automobile (or the rascal's automobile that is loaded with invalid transponder or is not loaded with transponder) of transponder by other device identification, and notify suitable enforement mechanism.
Interrogating signal and answer signal include data code.The Caltrans standard has four groups of definition to the data code that transmits between interrogator and transponder.Release following data code from the Caltrans standard, they only are exemplary, are not completely or enforceable general AVI system code table.
(a) mechanism's sign indicating number: this 16 bit code determines to have the right to carry out the mechanism of these affairs;
(b) error-detecting code: error-detecting code can be to have generator polynomial X
16+ X
12+ X
5+ 1 CRC-CCITT-16.Consequently, 16 bit-errors error detecting codes send with each data message;
(c) head sign indicating number: the head sign indicating number generally is first territory of each data message of reader or transponder transmission, amounts to 12 bits by one 8 bit and one 4 bit words and forms.Head sign indicating number provides " motor synchronizing " signal, and the receiver in transponder or the interrogator can be respectively comes and the data motor synchronizing that receives from interrogator or transponder with it.A typical motor synchronizing signal can be respectively scale-of-two and hexadecimal value: 10101010 and AA.
(d) a code mark sign indicating number provides 4 unique bit flag, and the code translator of transponder or interrogator is recognized as an end of sign indicating number to this 4 bit flag, and what follow below is data message.Typical marking signal is respectively scale-of-two and hexadecimal value: 1100 and C;
(e) interrogator ID number: this 32 bit group is used for discerning uniquely the interrogator that carries out affairs;
(f) transaction journal type codes: this 16 bit code is discerned the particular type of effective affairs between reader and the transponder uniquely.This sign indicating number stipulates that uniquely transponder information field and function are for allowing.For instance, 16 systems several 1 to 7FFF can be provided with for the transponder message structure, and 8000 to FFFF can use to the message structure of transponder for reader;
(g) transaction status sign indicating number: be used for providing status information to transponder; And
(h) transponder ID number: which transponder is this 32 bit code discern is uniquely asked to response or be identified to registration.
Because transponder generally obtains their working power from a little battery or from the RF signal that receives, so transponder is not under normal circumstances worked.Interrogator transmitting RF trigger pulse encourages the transponder on (opening) approaching automobile or other object.Interrogator can be launched a plurality of RF trigger pulses on the interval of rule, to wake approaching transponder up.Perhaps opposite, interrogator can send the RF trigger pulse near (for example: light, heat or Magnetic Sensor) external drive in response to transponder of indication of giving it, after a period of time postpones, reader will send the decoded signal as register information or inquiry, when transponder detects and decipher, this signal provides initial information to transponder, the data block that should send as transponder.
In an embodiment who is described, the interrogator transponder is launched unmodulated continuous wave RF signal as interrogating signal, waits for the answer signal of transponder simultaneously.Similar with voice signal, unmodulated RF signal is similar to the constant of no amplitude or frequency change or " pure " tone.Yet, can be considered to amplitude " unmodulated " even should be noted that frequency variation signal, vice versa.In this embodiment, when the back reflector of transponder is used the information modulated continuous wave RF signal of reflection transponder, produce reflection transponder answer signal.According to speech simulation, back reflector modulation with sing to a fan, and it is the same to listen to the phenomenon of sound generating of generation.Generally, when a people sang, they controlled the variation or the modulation of their sound.Similarly, the RF transmitter can be modulated this signal usually.Yet, when a people when fan is sung, the blade of fan will be language this people of reflected back immediately, blade rotates before his mouth immediately.Therefore, the singer hears the undaform sound on the sound that is superimposed upon him.This " undaform " sound that the singer hears changes greatly unlike the reflection amplitudes of his language.Similarly, transponder can (by amplitude or other device) be modulated the continuous wave RF signal that receives from interrogator, and this reflected signal will be modulated stack thereon.
Summary of the invention
What disclose here is a kind of transponder that carries out wireless communication with interrogator, it is characterized in that described transponder comprises:
A) antenna, described antenna receive the RF interrogating signal of described interrogator;
B) carry out the threshold dector of telecommunication with described antenna; Whether described threshold dector is used to measure the power level of described RF interrogating signal, a described power level and a threshold value are made comparisons, and provide the described power level of an indication greater than the threshold signal of described threshold value;
C) carry out the modulation detector of telecommunication with described antenna, described modulation detector detects the modulation in the described RF interrogating signal, and provides a modulation to have signal, and
D) control circuit, in case receive described threshold signal and there is signal in described modulation, described control circuit just receives the described RF interrogating signal of described antenna, and replys the data that are modulated on the described RF interrogating signal.
In above-mentioned device, transponder can be started or be waken up, the energy when working under various states to save transponder or label.Be provided with a threshold detector, be used to measure the power level of the RF energy that receives.The RF energy that receives as detecting device surpasses predetermined level, transponder uses modulation detector to determine so, the effective interrogating signal whether it has been come by an interrogator wakes up, determines perhaps whether the RF energy that receives only is the false pulse string that comes from other source.If modulator-demodular unit detects predetermined modulation, so transponder is activated to its normal duty.
Also further protection transponder or label avoid being started by pseudo-RF energy or waking up in the present invention.Modulation detector is set detects modulation signal in the RF modulation that is superimposed upon interrogator.Preferably this stack be modulated to low frequency, be lower than the frequency that generally can there be electromagnetic interference (EMI) in those, the unlikely quilt of transponder is activated on RF signal error ground unintentionally.In case when receiving the RF inquiry that is superimposed with suitable modulation on it, modulation detector is work just, wakes other circuit of transponder up, makes transponder work, communicates with interrogator.
A kind of system also is provided, fixing or semifixed information are passed to transponder from interrogator, preferably operate by tax or tariff collecting agency or other agent authorizeds.Should be fixing or semifixed information only special access code from the interrogator of authorizing send to transponder and when entering special pattern or keeping pattern ability transmit by specialized instructions effectively.Preferably transponder is confirmed the interrogator of authorizing, and it determines just be operated in the pattern of keeping, and makes interrogator can send special-purpose instruction reliably.
Preferred embodiment of the present invention further comprises the transponder interface circuit, and it makes emission reply between controller and the external circuit and can communicate.Interface circuit has a memory buffer, and it makes emission reply controller and each self energy of external circuit and sends data with the clock rate of transponder or external circuit, carries out direct communication, need not complicated agreement.Interface controller can start each emission and reply controller and external circuit, and they accept memory buffer, comprise that clock circuit arrives the control of memory buffer.With buffer-stored and interface controller, whichever can both filling up or the emptying memory buffer with the clock rate of transponder or external circuit in controller and the external circuit replied in emission.Interface controller will monitor this transmission, and when memory buffer is full or empty, interface controller will send an order to suitable transponder controller or external circuit, receive data or will send data to the memory buffer of sky from full memory buffer.
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the automobile on the track of travelling a transponder is arranged.This transponder receives the interrogating signal of the transmitter of interrogator, and it can be modulated the next continuous incoming wave of interrogator or other source by back reflector and reply interrogator.Then, the receiver of interrogator is deciphered the signal of back reflector modulation, and can give control circuit the information relay that is included in this signal, control circuit can, for example, this information is deposited in storer.The interrogator related with each track can be registered several transponders independently.
The principle of describing in conjunction with the present invention can be applied to non-AVI system and AVI system.For example, electric energy described herein save principle can with the U.S. Patent number of common transfer: 5,053,774 and Application No. 08/021,123 use together.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit block diagram of interrogator of the present invention and transponder;
Fig. 2 is the schematic side elevation according to the exemplary apparatus of automobile identification (AVI) system of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic plan of traffic aisle of the AVI system of three adjacent use Fig. 1, comprises the sequential chart of trigger pulse and the interrogator interrogating signal figure to transponder among the figure;
Fig. 4 is the circuit block diagram of spendable transponder and interrogator in the system of Fig. 1-3;
Fig. 5 is than the more detailed circuit block diagram of Fig. 4, the modulation detector that drawn, Hi-pass filter and wake piece up;
Fig. 6 is than the more detailed element circuitry block scheme of Fig. 5, comprises modulation detector, Hi-pass filter and wakes piece up;
Fig. 7 is the signal time chart on the transponder label node shown in Fig. 5-6;
Fig. 8 is the connecting circuit block scheme of each functional block of the special IC (ASIC) of Fig. 5;
Fig. 9 is the circuit block diagram that receives reception buffer stopper preferable in the digital private integrated circuit of signal " A " of modulation detector among Fig. 8;
Figure 10 is the block scheme that preferable path is differentiated piece in Fig. 8 numeral ASIC;
Figure 11 is the block scheme of master controller piece preferable in the digital ASIC of Fig. 8;
Figure 12 is the block scheme of primary memory piece preferable in the digital ASIC of Fig. 8;
Figure 13 is the block scheme of transmitting block preferable in the digital ASIC of Fig. 8;
Figure 14 is the block scheme of external interface piece preferable in the digital ASIC of Fig. 8;
Figure 15 is the block scheme of hummer piece preferable in the digital ASIC of Fig. 8;
Figure 16 is the block scheme of oscillator block preferable in the digital ASIC of Fig. 8;
Figure 17 is the transponder of Fig. 1-3 and the circuit block diagram that interrogator is arranged interior spendable interrogator, and wherein, according to the present invention, interrogator can send low-frequency modulation signal, to activate transponder;
Figure 18 shows the oscillogram of the embodiment that two different " injections " (squitter) modulate, can be added to the low frequency signal of the interrogator of Fig. 1-4 on the RF interrogating signal by this modulation;
Figure 19 is the circuit block diagram of transponder, and it also comprises the RF threshold detector.
The corresponding corresponding parts of number correspondence among the different figure, unless otherwise noted.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates the block scheme of AVI system 10, in this system 10, interrogator 12 communicates with remote-control transmitting transponder 14, interrogator 12 is to transponder 14 emissions one interrogating signal, in response to this interrogating signal, transponder 14 is launched back an answer signal that comprises unique identifier (ID) to interrogator 12.In typical A VI system, interrogator 12 will send this ID to principal computer (main frame) 16, to charge to this driver's account.The AVI system is preferably and comprises interrogator electronic module 20, with control interrogator 12.
Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, many traffic aisles 28 are positioned at traffic control point and locate 29 places as charge (tax), and each traffic aisle 28 has a relevant interrogator 12.Interrogator 12 keeps communicating by letter with the transponder 14 that is loaded on traveling automobile 26 on the related channel program 28 of interrogator 12 by RF data chain line.Interrogator 12 can have unique internal electrical parameter, for example: interrogator channel position, interrogator controlled variable and interrogator reference frequency etc.Should be with the effect of middle interrogator 12: trigger or activate transponder 14; Inquiry or the special information of registration transponder 14, and confirm whether to have carried out the active data exchange to transponder 14.As Figure 1-3, interrogator has an antenna 18, it preferably be installed in be above the ground level about more than 18 feet.Antenna 18 best circular polarisation, but the polarization as selecting other type for use comprise the oval polarization of linearly polarized, also have advantage.Interrogator electronic module 20 by suitable cable for example RF concentric cable 22 be connected with antenna 18.
The interrogator 12 of Fig. 1 accommodates two modules: electronic module 20 and antenna 18.As shown in Figure 4, electronic module 20 comprises transmitter 52, receiver 54 and control circuit 56.Connection 22 between antenna 18 and the electronic module 20 is generally concentric cable and the multiconductor cable that power supply and control signal information can be provided for low pass RF connects.
Fig. 2 shows the side view of typical AVI system 10.In the figure, automobile 26 travels on the 28a-c of track, and near antenna 18.Transponder 14 places on the automobile 26 or in the automobile 26.Preferably transponder 14 is installed on the front window of automobile.In some applications, as at very large-scale automobile, suitable position may be on other positions such as car bumper as truck, to reduce the variation of transponder 14 height.As shown in the drawing, the automobile 26 that is loaded with transponder 14 is near 29 the interrogator 18 in the cash desk.To be a step to go through the signal intelligence between transponder 14 and the interrogator 12 herein.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view that comprises the AVI system 10 of three passage 28a-c.Shown in three passages only be used for diagram, native system 10 can be applicable to one or more passage.Be provided in interrogator 12 preferably determining that transponder 14 is positioned at the circuit of which bar passage.The U.S. Patent application No.08/021 of Claude A.Sharpe, 123 (having transferred Texas Instruments Inc) provide a kind of so common discriminator circuit and method.
Fig. 4 provides the block scheme of AVI system 10 critical pieces.At first, with reference to Fig. 4 and in conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 transponder 14 is described.AVI system 10 preferably comprises directional antenna 18, and each antenna 18 focuses on relevant track 28a, 28b, the 28c.One or many automobiles 26 can travel on each track 28a-, and each automobile 26 is loaded with one or more transponders 14.Each transponder 14 preferably comprises: antenna 30, simulation or analog/digital ASIC32, digital ASIC34 and modulation reverberator 41.Antenna 30 and modulation reverberator 41 can form an integrated antenna 31.Preferably ASIC32 and ASIC34 also are integrated into the ASIC of monolithic.
With further reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, transponder antenna 30 work, the RF that receives interrogator 12 transmits.Simulation ASIC32 becomes voltage to the conversion of signals that transponder 30 provides, and when this voltage surpasses a threshold value, activates transponder 14.According to most preferred embodiment of the present invention, simulation ASIC32 detects the high frequency modulated on the signal of present transponder antenna 30, and only when the special modulating frequency of appearance, just activates transponder 14.Like this, transponder avoids relatively not being that the pseudo-RF that take place in the interrogator 12 transmit wakes up, only just is activated when interrogator 12 is launched specific frequency.Threshold voltage can be regulated.
Preferably, transponder 14 is only replied the interrogating signal of the interrogator antenna 18a-c emission that is positioned at the track 28a-c that the automobile 26 that is loaded with transponder 14 travels, for realizing this desirable result, transponder 14 is made comparisons first territory strength pulse 44a that receives from the first directional antenna 18a and the second territory strength pulse 44b that receives from the second directional antenna 18b.Then, transponder 14 can be replied the information (i.e. track 28a-or the related interrogator of 28c that is travelling with transponder 14) of suitable interrogator 12.In other track to (as 28a-8c, 28b-2c) between also with the process of duplication similarity.Then, can the work interrogating signal of the suitable interrogator 12 of demodulation of transponder 14, in a preferred embodiment, this signal is an amplitude-modulated signal.Transponder 14 is worked again, and the continuous wave signal that backreflection modulation interrogator 12 sends produces answer signal by control reverberator 41.
Still referring to Fig. 4, simulation ASIC32 and digital ASIC34 handle the interrogating signal that receives from transmitter 52 usually, and calculate necessary reply data.Digital then ASIC34 offers modulation reverberator 41 to the reply data stream through appropriate formatization.This ASIC34 can be to use the simple numerical system of set form, or can be combined with the digital processing system of more general (general-purpose) of a plurality of options.It is contemplated that a plurality of options make ASIC34 be accomplished every work, the example of this respect comprises but not only is confined to: data storage, data exchange process and battery police amount easily etc.Modulation reverberator 41 is modulated by changing its apparent wavelength (be preferably in carrier wavelength 1/4 to 1/2 between), and when the apparent wavelength of modulating reverberator 41 was 1/2P, antenna 30 should reflect the major part of incident carrier energy.When the apparent wavelength of modulation reverberator 41 is 1/4P, the considerably less incident carrier wave of its reflection.As well-known, can realize the conversion of antenna between 1/2P and 1/4P by connecting or disconnecting two sections 1/4P waveguides in this technical field institute.For described embodiment, reflection cross section (Rcs) is preferably in 45cm
2And 100cm
2Between change.Change Rcs according to special mode, data are sent to interrogator 12 from transponder 14.Transponder 14 is self-contained usually in the assembly of a little credit card-sized, can carry fully.Preferably, an internal cell is set, for transponder 14 provides working power.On the other hand, transponder 14 can directly obtain its working power from the RF signal.Though, modulation reverberator 41 being described as an element that separates with reflection transponder antenna 30, can be integrated into two elements in single antenna integrated 31.
Usually described the parts of transponder 14, in Fig. 5,, usually described the most preferred embodiment of an interrogator 12 now further referring to Fig. 3-4.Interrogator 12 is placed on hope to carry out on the special point of exchanges data, as tollbooth 29.The AVI system can comprise shared reference oscillator 50, produces the reference carrier that makes interrogator 12 synchronous at its output terminal 51.Each interrogator 12 has directional antenna 18 and transmitter 52, launches enough field intensity and/or removes to trigger or activate the emission interrogator 14 that puts on traveling automobile 26 on the track 28 of interrogator association with the trigger pip 42 of the modulation type of previously selected distance.When detecting previously selected modulating frequency in the signal that low frequency wake-up circuit 64 is receiving, the transponder of most preferred embodiment will be activated.
Still referring to Fig. 5, if wake-up circuit 64 receives predetermined modulation signal, wake-up circuit 64 is added to clock on the higher digital ASIC34 of energy consumption so.In this mode, the electric energy that wake-up circuit 64 consumes is more much lower than digital ASIC34, and it constantly monitors trigger pip 42 (see figure 3)s, only just activates digital ASIC34 when detecting trigger pip 42 (see figure 3)s, so saved electric energy.After having launched trigger pip 42 (see figure 3)s, interrogator 12 is to remote-control transmitting interrogator 14 emission interrogating signals.The most handy on/off keying emission interrogating signal.After having launched interrogating signal.Transmitter 52 is to transponder 14 emission continuous wave RF signals, and transponder 14 can backreflection modulated continuous wave RF signal, produces answer signal.Interrogator 12 further comprises receiver 54, receives answer signal, and answer signal is distinguished from the non-modulation reflected signal of puppet.The transmitter 52 and the receiver 54 of interrogator are worked under the control of control interface circuit 56.Main frame 16 is launched interrogating signal subsequently by control interface circuit 56 control transmitters 52 emission trigger pips 42.
In order to pick out suitable track to three kinds of track situations, the first interrogator 12a, the second interrogator 12b and the 3rd interrogator 12c send first, second and the 3rd interrogating signal respectively simultaneously.45, the first interrogator 12a send the first field intensity pulse 44a during first lane is distinguished, the second or the 3rd interrogator 12b, 12c do not send the RF energy.46, the second interrogator 12b send the second field intensity pulse 44b during second lane is distinguished, and the first and the 3rd interrogator 12a, 12c do not send the RF energy.47, the three interrogator 12c send the 3rd field intensity pulse 44c during third lane is distinguished, and the first and second interrogator 12a, 12b do not send the RF energy.In this mode, relatively first, second with the 3rd field intensity cycle 45,46,47 during (automobile 26 just travels in one of three track 28a, 28b, 28c) pulse 44a, 44b that receives, the amplitude of the 44c transponder 14 that can determine automobile 26 with one of each interrogator 12a, 12b, track 28a, 28b that 12c is relevant, 28c in travel.Main frame 16 is still further controlled transmitter 52 by control interface circuit 56 and is sent continuous wave RF signal, sends interrogating signal subsequently, and while controlling receiver 54, receives answer signal.This order can be generalized on any amount of track.
Referring now to Fig. 4, the electronic module 20 of interrogator 12 is described in more detail.Electronic module 20 comprises transmitter 52, and it can send signal to antenna 18, inquiry transponder 14.The transmitter 52 general main frame lines 24 that pass through are from main frame 16 received signals.During transponder was answered, transmitter 52 was to transponder 14 emission continuous wave RF signals, and back reflector is with replying data-modulated continuous wave RF signal then.Receiver 54 detects the reflected energy of transponder 14 backreflections modulation, and modulation signal and non-modulation reflected signal are separated.The antenna 18 that carries out telecommunication with transmitter 52 and receiver 54 that herein illustrates is used to transmit and receive the RF signal for having the directional antenna 18 of suitable shape, covers the part in each track during interrogator 12 and transponder 14 swap datas.In described embodiment, one pair of antenna 18 not only is used for interrogating signal but also be used for answer signal.Antenna 18 generally is installed on the road surface about 18 feet, and it is constant and change on the irrelevant position with the place preferably to be positioned at the link that can guarantee between interrogator 12 and the transponder 14.Also draw among the figure control circuit or host interface 56 are used for communicating with main frame 16, and it can be controlled at interrogators 12 all on the cash desk.
Still referring to Fig. 4, the host interface 56 between interrogator 12 and the main frame 16 is used for some read/write operation, and it allows information from host computer 16 by main frame line 24, and data are formatd, and is transmitted to automobile 26 by transmitter 52.Preferably, transmitter 52 finished with one of transponder 14 complete read/write processes after just communicate with main frame 16.Host interface 56 is also deciphered by 54 pairs of answer data from reflection transponder 14 of receiver, and these answer data are offered main frame 16.Antenna 18 is preferably round-the-clock, and is designed to and can works under the extreme temperature of its environment expection.
Referring now to Fig. 4,,, is preferably every track an interrogator 12 is provided for many tracks according to Fig. 3.All interrogators 12 in a charge station 29 are coordinated on output of frequency, power and antenna pattern mutually, make the overlapping of overlay area and adjacently influence minimum between the track.Generally on each interrogator 12, use different carrier frequencies.In other words, adjacent interrogator 12 can have different carrier frequencies, make the minimum that influences between the adjacent interrogator 12, and non-adjacent interrogator can use identical carrier frequency (promptly, when interrogator becomes #1, #2, #3, #4, #5 and #6 by spatial disposition, interrogator # 1, #3, #5 can use a carrier frequency, and interrogator # 2, #4, #6 can use another carrier frequency).
The receiver 54 of interrogator 12 detects the backreflection modulation return signal of transponder 14.The amplitude of return signal is relevant with numerous reflections that multiple source takes place fully with phase place.The undesirable source of returning comprises following: with interrogator 12 same tracks in the boundling filling that produces of automobile 26 or the unmodulated return signal of non-boundling filling; Unmodulated and the backreflection modulation return signal that automobile 26 in adjacent lane 28a, 28b, 28c produces; The unmodulated return signal of the solid obstacle deposits yields of unknown structure; And during emission interrogator 14 emission continuous wave RF signals from transmitter 52 to receiver 54 leakage signal.
Usually, for every track 28 provides an interrogator 12, a data link can be arranged in every track 28.And except the internal electrical parameter as field-programmables such as lane position or other controlled parameters, all interrogators 12 are identical, and are coordinated mutually by a shared reference oscillator 50 in time.
The building block of simulation ASIC32 and digital ASIC34 is described now in more detail.Wake piece up:
With reference to Fig. 5, it shows the more detailed view of simulation ASIC32.Simulation ASIC32 receives interrogating signal from antenna 30.Modulation detector 70 is removed carrier signal from the interrogating signal that receives, and it is sent to first order circuit 62.First order circuit comprises low-pass filter 72, and it removes high fdrequency component from the signal of modulation detector 70.The output of low-pass filter 72 further is transferred to threshold dector 68, and threshold dector 68 is made comparisons the output of low-pass filter 72 and reference voltage.Therefore threshold dector 68 is output as binary signal, and it is as the input signal din of digital ASIC34 and wake-up circuit 64.
Further according to Fig. 5, the principle of the invention described herein has significant advantage than prior art on power consumption.The energy of consumes least is particularly important for design transponder 14.No matter transponder 14 is signal-powered by the RF that receives, or transponder operates with batteries, and high-level efficiency all is important for transponder 14.For realizing principle of the present invention described herein, transponder 14 generally is in the detecting pattern with 1/24 work period sleep pattern, obtains seldom energy from battery or RF energy source.Energy at this work period sleep pattern internal consumption only is that wake-up circuit 64 is needed.
Again referring to Fig. 5, at the output terminal of detecting device 70 Hi-pass filter 74 is set, the pseudo-low frequency signal of elimination from coming such as cell phone or other source.Provide signal from the node " D " of wave filter 74 through high-pass filtering.In another embodiment, if transponder is activated by low frequency (LF) modulation signal, then wave filter 74 can be a low-pass filter.When in case modulation detector or impulse meter 78 detect the RF modulation of the frequency of being concerned about, wake-up circuit 64 sends one to OR-gate 97 and allows signal, subsequently, OR-gate 97 sends a wake-up signal to digital ASIC, as long as digital ASIC34 has one " F " clock signal, just can make digital ASIC34 enter state of activation.In first most preferred embodiment, desirable modulating frequency is near the High Speed Modulation of 100KHz to 400KHz.In another most preferred embodiment, the low frequency signal that is lower than about 1000Hz is added on the 915MHz carrier wave Here it is impulse meter 78 desirable modulation signals.
Further referring to Fig. 5, for first most preferred embodiment, impulse meter 78 is 5 counting circuits of gate preferably.This is arranged on the special frequency, to detect effective counting region.For further saving electric energy, wake-up circuit 64 has its power work period.For example, window when every 16ms can open 2ms (1/8 work period), when 2ms in the window, the detecting device 62.5 μ s that can work; Close 125 μ s (1/3 work period).The example of this work period (1/8 * 1/3=1/24 work period) will reduce to 1/24 of original value to power consumption effectively.
Referring now to Fig. 6,, Fig. 6 illustrates in greater detail wake-up circuit 60.If detect modulation, then activate digital ASIC34, and keep impulse meter 78 to activate by " keeping " (" assert ") signal of master controller piece 140.If modulated rf signal disappears, master controller piece 140 can keep the wake-up signal of OR-gate 97 effective by " keeping " signal, until finish the function of digital ASIC34.Before the function that remains to be finished finishes, master controller piece 140 can not forbidden the wake-up signal of OR-gate 97.
Still referring to Fig. 6, detecting device 70 preferably comprises diode 82, the signal of its receiving antenna 30 nodes " A ", and this signal carried out rectification.Pass capacitor 84 and the known low-pass filter of bypassed resistor 86 formation time constants, the Man Chesi that can obtain 300KHz from 9.15MHz continuous wave RF signal will modulate.Hi-pass filter 74 plays the effect of the undesirable low frequency component of elimination.Hi-pass filter 74 comprises series capacitor 88 and bypass resistance 90.Importantly be appreciated that, when selecting the component value of detecting device 70 and Hi-pass filter 74, should be according to must (Fig. 4) detecting by signal " F " so that make the modulating frequency of digital ASIC34 work, in other words, if wake-up circuit 64 wishes to have lower modulating frequency, then Hi-pass filter 74 can have a low-down corner frequency, perhaps can not want Hi-pass filter 74.
Further referring to Fig. 6, gate comparer 92 is in the clock signal of node " E " received pulse generator 76.Play the effect of the potential pulse of gating node " D " from the input of pulse producer 76.Therefore, the input (flowing out from Hi-pass filter 74) that comes from node " D " is correct modulating frequency, then door lock controlled storage 96 plays the effect that high input signal is provided to OR-gate 97, and the signal of keeping of " F " signal and primary controller piece 140 carries out the logical OR computing.In case arrive correct counting, then keep " F " signal, and until the gate pulse of pulse producer 76 resets door lock controlled storage 96.Door lock controlled storage 96 provides a high level input to OR-gate 97.According to the signal of door lock controlled storage 96 or " keep the outside " signal of external microcontroller, the output terminal of OR-gate 97 provides " waking up " signal to digital ASIC34 (see figure 5).
Referring now to Fig. 7,, Fig. 7 shows the time diagram of the modulation detector of most preferred embodiment.The signal of node " D " is illustrated as being superimposed with 300Rbps Manchester II " break-make " chain control (ook) 915MHz continuous wave signal.Because the carrier signal that Hi-pass filter has been removed 915MHz from the signal of node " A " is so the 300KHz modulating pulse appears on the signal of node " D ".Node " E " be door lock controlled storage output, occur in its one period work period when wake-up circuit 64 detects modulation.Wake-up signal is the output of OR-gate 97.
Fig. 8 shows the overall pattern of the functional block 100,108,140,148,155,172,190,214 in the embodiment of a digital ASIC34.In digital ASIC34, clock piece 214 receives the wake-up signal of simulation ASIC32.In case receive wake-up signal, then begin to produce the clock signal that is preferably 3.6MHz, 1.2MHz, 0.6MHz and 0.3MHz.These clock signals are transferred to the above-mentioned functional block that comprises master controller piece 140 at least.Clock piece 214 is preferably irrelevant with the state of the wake-up signal that receives from simulation ASIC32, continues clocking, until receive the clock diablement signal from master control clamp dog 140.In case the RF signal level is removed, and master controller piece 140 is in idle condition (that is, master controller piece 140 has been finished its all necessary work), will send a clock inhibit signal to clock piece 214,0.5 after the millisecond, clock piece 214 will be forbidden all clock oscillations.Numeral ASIC34 will keep not working, until detect next RF signal to suitable level, and simulation ASIC32 sends another wake-up signal.The attribute of cmos digital logic is only just to obtain power supply when changing state, and perhaps when being in simple timing, power consumption is less, and therefore, all static leakage current that have the digital CMOS of clock are very little (in nanoampere scopes).
Still referring to Fig. 8, reception buffer piece 100 receives the data transfer signals din of simulation ASIC32.Reception buffer piece 100 is independently by decoding to this signal in the primary controller piece 140, and data that receive are sent to master control clamp dog 140 or primary memory 148.Master controller piece 140 may receive decoded data by input data signal without buffering.Another kind method is, can send an address signal radr11 by master controller piece 140 and visit this signal decoded signal storage such as buffer-stored in receiving register 122 (not shown, as to see Fig. 9).Master controller piece 140 can directly receive the data output rdat11 of receiving register 12 (see figure 9)s, and perhaps primary memory piece 148 can receive data output rdat11, and storage within it.Reception buffer piece 100 preferably also provides an input information signal, and notice master controller 140 has received inquiry.In addition, reception buffer piece 100 can also provide the information useful signal to master controller piece 140, notifies it to receive inquiry error-free.Reception buffer piece 100 can also differentiate that piece 108 provides Manchester activation signal to the track, on one's own initiative data transfer signals din is decoded by track discriminating piece 108 reception buffer pieces 100.
Further referring to Fig. 8, the track differentiates that piece 108 receives din and Manchester activation signal, determines that automobile 26 travels in which bar track 28 (Fig. 3).To describe this track below more comprehensively in detail and differentiate piece 108,, in 123 (having transferred Texas Instruments Inc) detailed description be arranged also at the U.S. Patent application No.08/021 of Claude A.Sharpe.Travel in which bar track 28 (Fig. 3) in case determined automobile 26 (Fig. 2), the track differentiates that piece 108 can send this information to master controller piece 140, as road # (number) signal.
Primary memory piece 148 shown in Figure 8 can be stored the data that receive from above-mentioned reception buffer stopper 100.And primary memory piece 148 can receive the data of external microcontroller (not shown) by external interface piece 172.This exchanges data is finished by address signal radr12 and data-signal rdat22.This primary memory piece 148 can also be respectively receives the data that the external microcontroller (not shown) sends by address and data-signal μ C abr and μ C dat.Master controller piece 140 can allow or forbid primary memory piece 148 by selecting signal.The form work of the interface of external interface piece 172 between primary memory piece 148 and external microcontroller (not showing).External interface piece 148 receives from master controller piece 140 and allows signal, from clock piece 214 receive clock signals.Preferably, clock signal is 1.2MHz.In the present embodiment, external interface piece 172 communicates by serial clock signal, serial i/O signal and some " handshake " (keep μ c rdy, R/W and outside) and external microcontroller (not shown), and these signals are done more detailed description with reference to Figure 14.
Fig. 8 also shows transmitting block 155.Transmitting block 155 is worked under the control of master controller piece 140, and the data on the continuous wave RF signal of 41 pairs of interrogators 14 of the most handy backreflection modulator are carried out the backreflection modulation, give interrogator (not shown, as to see Fig. 1) data transmission in the answer signal.Transmitting block 155 receives the data of primary memory piece 148 by data-signal rdat21, and primary memory piece 148 being carried out addressing with address signal radr21, emitter block 155 usefulness signals (selection of xmit data, startup, xmit finishes and launch counting) communicate with master controller piece 140.These signals are described in more detail with reference to Figure 14.
Hummer piece 190 shown in Figure 8 sends the tone of appointment to the operator by hummer 212.Master controller piece 140 to hummer piece 190 transmit control signal, sounding type, sounding allow, sounding begins etc.These signals are for a more detailed description with reference to Figure 15.
With further reference to Fig. 8, in case successfully finished after the affairs that error in data does not take place that once comprise inquiry and reply, transponder 14 can enter one period cycle of 10 seconds for example, during this cycle, owing to just finish affairs one time, it will not reply the further inquiry of the affairs identical mechanism sign indicating number that has and just finished.The inquiry that receives in this non-acknowledge cycle and previous mechanism's sign indicating number are made comparisons, identical as this mechanism's sign indicating number with previous mechanism's sign indicating number, then do not response.If different, then received effective mechanism sign indicating number in non-acknowledge cycle, transponder 14 can be replied this new inquiry.Reception/buffer block
Referring now to Fig. 9,, reception buffer piece 100 parts of digital ASIC34 is described.Receiver piece 100 comprises manchester decoder device 102, CRC CCITT counter 106 and state controller 110.The signal that 100 pairs of interrogators 12 of receiver piece send is decoded, and determines which bar track transponder is in, and calculates input signal CRC.Manchester decoder device 102 receives the data transfer signals din of simulation ASIC32.Manchester decoder device 102 comprises the digital phase-locked loop of 3.6MHz, makes manchester decoder device and din synchronous.Manchester decoder device 102 provides serial data stream SRDT and the clock signal SRCK that takes out at its output terminal from data transfer signals din.Manchester decoder device 102 also differentiates that to the track 108 (see figure 8)s provide Manchester activation signal.The effect of Manchester activation signal will be described with reference to Figure 10 hereinafter.
Still referring to Fig. 9.Serial data stream SRPT feed-in CRC generator 106.With CCITT polynomial expression (X
16+ X
12+ X
5+ 1) CRC of calculating input information.Receive which data bit (additional bit as a CRC part is not calculated) among controller 110 definite CRC of calculating, and activate CRC generator 106, beginning is calculated CRC after receiving all additional bits.One byte counter 114 is set,, and calculates the byte number that receives in order to the reception serial data strings.Per 8 serial data clock pulses make byte counter 114 add 1, can calculate byte number, and this count results is sent to master controller piece 140 (see figure 8)s.Provide one 8 maintenance registers 116, with the byte that keeps sending from serial parallel shift register 112.
One data comparator 120 is set, and receiving controller 110 can make comparisons the data of serial-to-parallel shift register and the data that are stored in the SRAM118.In this mode, can be stored in for example transponder identification number among the SRAM118, and it and the ID sign indicating number that obtains from receive the serial data SRDT that controller 110 receives by serial parallel shift register 112 are made comparisons.Therefore reception buffer piece 100 can break away from master controller 104 and independently work.Receive controller 110 and detect Manchester code data that on Manchester of manchester decoder device 102 activation line, receives.Receive controller 110 and also use control line crc bypass and crc clear signal, bypass CRC generator 106, or CRC generator 106 resetted.Begin to receive the manchester decoder signal in case detect, controller 110 preferably resets CRC generator 106 and byte count register 114.Controller 110 can be controlled the data of 8 maintenance registers 116 of receiving register 122 storages.Differentiate piece in the road
Referring now to Figure 10,, the track differentiates that piece 108 comprises track discriminating controller 124, and after interrogator 12 began transponder 14 inquiry (see figure 3)s, track discriminating controller 124 was taken a sample on three specific times.The voltage sample value of controller 124 on the node " B " of storage simulation ASIC32 (seeing Fig. 5,8) on capacitor 126a, 126b, the 126c differentiated in the track, these voltages as voltage ratio/input of demoder 130.Discriminating controller 124 is taken a sample to node " B " during sample periods 45,46,47 (see figure 3) in the road, to extract field intensity pulse 44a-c (see figure 3). Switch 132a, 132b, 132c are connected respectively to node " B " to capacitor, with input voltage (seeing Fig. 5,8).(after stable) determines that to the output sampling of comparer 130 which signal is stronger after a special time, thereby determines that transponder 14 is positioned at which bar track 28a, 28b, 28c.
Still referring to Figure 10, the track differentiate piece 108 preferably can be independently to field intensity pulse take a sample, and need not the manipulation of master controller piece 104 (see figure 8)s or other controller.The track differentiates that controller 124 receives Manchester activation signal from reception buffer piece 100 (see figure 8)s.In case detect manchester decoder signal (Manchester activation signal=height), the track differentiates that controller 124 starts a long-time timer 138, waits for the (see figure 3) of finishing of input inquiry.Finished its all after date at long-time timer 138, the field intensity pulse 44a-c (see figure 3) of controller 124 beginning monitoring nodes " B " is differentiated in the track.Short time timer 137 provide between the pulse of 3.3 μ s sampling regularly.Use this 3.3 μ s regularly, the track differentiates that controller 124 can be correctly synchronous with sample periods 45,46,47 (see figure 3).Should be appreciated that above-mentioned timing cycle only is an example,, can use other cycle as length of number of track-lines to be identified and interrogating signal and timing pip etc. according to system design parameters.Master controller and comparator block
Referring to Figure 11, all actions of master controller piece 140 control figure ASIC34.Master controller piece 104 is waken up by " waking up " signal of simulation ASIC32 (see figure 8).Master controller 104 is maked decision according to the content and the current transaction sequence of input information then.Comparer 142 is obtained input information from reception buffer 122, and the CRC that usefulness calculates checks the validity of the information that receives, and input information is compared.Master controller 104 is carried out suitable command sequence.
Still referring to Figure 11, the record type sign indicating number (16) of input inquiry is used to determine the order and the type that compare.This yard stipulates that uniquely the information field of transponder and function are for allowing.For instance, sexadecimal number 1 to 7FFF can be arranged on a side of transponder message structure, and 8000 to FFFF can be used for reader transponder message structure.After the error in data of having tested inquiry with CRC, the inspection record type codes, and comparator circuit 142 is provided with sign according to the record type sign indicating number.The sign that 104 pairs of comparator circuits of master controller 142 produce works, and carry out suitable action, analyze the content of data in the interrogating signal, produce the reply data of transmitter 14, send signal to available external microcontroller (not shown), realize that perhaps ASIC keeps function (the head sign indicating number is for discussing in " keeping pattern and information " below).Master controller 104 also provides the address of the primary memory piece 148 of storage data, to primary memory piece 148 (see figure 8) hosting Informations.Usually, this data source is the inquiry formula external microcontroller (not shown) that receives.
Further about Figure 11, affairs counter 146 is 8 counters, if affairs are successfully finished (for example, interrogator 12 receives effective ID sign indicating number of transponder 14), then the affirmation end of message (EOM) hour counter in interrogator 12 (see figure 1)s adds 1.Though affairs counter 146 is parts of master controller 104, but still addresses in the address space of memory block A.Transaction counter 146 provides circulation 8 bit numbers, and it can be used to follow the tracks of successful charge affairs and keep book-keeping operation (very elephant " check number " keeps following the tracks of individual's banking business).The transaction counter value is not generally programmed, but can make ASIC reset its reset-to-zero by external reset end or other method.
As can be seen from Figure 11, except finishing and receive and handle the inquiry message function associated, master controller 104 also plays the effect of some transponder 14 maincenter cores.Many control signals are by the timing of this master controller 104 or the exemplary 3.6MHz clock from it to other functional block 100,108,140,148,155,172,190,2140 master controllers 104 receive clock pieces 214.Clock piece 214 preferably with the wake-up signal that receives from simulation ASIC32 clocking continuously irrespectively, until receive the clock diablement signal from master controller 104.
Still referring to Figure 11, master controller can receive data from reception buffer piece 100, and the buffering by input data signal not.Another kind method is can be stored in decoded signal storage and buffering in the receiving register 122 (not shown, as to see Fig. 9), and visit by address signal radr11 of master controller piece 140 transmissions.Master controller 104 also send address signal wadr21 and with " selections " signal permission primary memory piece 148 data storage in primary memory piece 148.In case so selected primary memory piece 148, it can directly receive data from reception buffer piece 100 by signal rdat11.Receive data device piece 100 the input information signal preferably also is provided, notice master controller piece 140 is receiving inquiry.In addition, reception buffer piece 100 can also provide the information useful signal to master controller 140, notify its inquiry received and and inerrancy be received.Further about Figure 11, master controller 104 differentiate from the track piece 108 receive track # (number) signal, determine to have the automobile 26 of the launch interrogator (see figure 2) on any bar track 28 (Fig. 3) of just travelling.Transmitting block 155 is worked under the control of master controller piece 140, preferably by using reflecting modulator 41 pairs of data on the continuous wave RF of interrogator 14 signal in behind to carry out the backreflection modulation, launch data with the answer signal form to interrogator (not shown, as to see Fig. 1).Emitter block 155 receives data by data-signal rdat21 from primary memory piece 148, and with address signal radr21 primary memory piece 148 is carried out addressing.Transmitting block 155 usefulness signals (selection of Xmit data, startup, Xmit finishes and launch signal such as counting) communicate with master controller piece 140.Detailed description to these signals is made with reference to Figure 14.Control signals such as master controller 104 usefulness sounding types, sounding permission and sounding begin are controlled the hummer piece.These control signals are described in detail with reference to Figure 15.Memory block:
Primary memory 150 shown in Figure 12 has memory block A, B, C, D and M.Preferably, each piece in exemplary five memory blocks can be used for by transmitting block 155 (see figure 8)s to interrogator 12 emission information.Storer 150 is multi-port SRAM preferably, can carry out the read and write operation simultaneously.Preferably, storer 150 is the SRAM of 80 bytes for capacity, yet, storer 150 can be non-volatile storer (as, EEPROM, ROM).In addition, according to the present invention, in AVI system or other system, also can use greater or less than 80 bytes of memory devices.
Still, select multiplexer 152,154 to allow from master controller 104, write in the storer from the external microcontroller (not shown) by external interface piece 172 referring to Figure 12.Interrogator 12 can require memory block A, B, C, D or the M of transponder 14 to launch 16 byte datas by inquiry message.As a kind of work-around solution, inquiry message can send the long data pulse of transmitting such as 32 byte datas by the transmitting instructions transponder.For example, 32 byte datas transmission information can comprise the transmission information that memory block A links to each other with B, perhaps the transmission information that links to each other with M of memory block A and C, memory block A and D, memory block A.
The example of the basic function of each memory block (A, B, C, D and M) is as follows:
Memory block A: basic account information;
Memory block B: code enforcement information;
Memory block C: turn pike inlet information-storing device;
Memory block D: microprocessor output data transmit buffer;
Memory block M: keep and control function
Two special registers are the part of the address space of memory block A, and they are transaction counter 146 (not shown, as to see Figure 11) and flag register.Though transaction counter 146 is parts of primary memory addressing space, because itself and the logical relation of master controller piece 140, it is included in Figure 11 and the description thereof.Second special register of memory block A is flag register.This 8 bit register indication transponder 14 is to the ability of interrogator 12, is programmed by service centre in some position.The special position of flag register is defined as follows:
| Position # | Can the outside be write? | Function |
| 0 | Be | Store account balance in the no stored |
| 1 | Be | The illegal account of 0= |
| 2 | Be | 0=does not have the track and differentiates that the discriminating of 1=track allows |
| 3 | Be | The 0=inner label, the 1=external label |
| 4 | Not | The outside removal and installation of the legal 1=of 0=are illegal |
| 5 | Be | (reservation) |
| 6 | Not | Battery |
| 7 | Not | Battery consumption metering MSB |
The exemplary configurations of memory block A is:
| | Function | |
| 1 | | |
| 2 | | |
| 3 | Account ID byte 3 | |
| 4 | Account ID byte 4 | |
| 5 | | |
| 6 | | |
| 7 | Account balance byte 1 (, then being 0) MSB if do not have | |
| 8 | Account balance byte 2 (, then being 0) LSB if do not have | |
| 9 | (special use) | |
| 10 | (special use) | |
| 11 | (special use) | |
| 12 | (special use) | |
| 13 | (special use) | |
| 14 | (special use) | |
| 15 | |
| 16 | Affairs # register |
The structure of memory block B can be " free style ", perhaps not as memory block A strict regulations.The content of memory block B (16 byte) can be write by charge mechanism or other agent authorizeds in service centre, but can be read by reader 12.For example, memory block B can comprise read-only type information (code enforcement information, the licence trade mark, affairs Institution Code etc.).
The structure of memory block C also can be " free style ".The effect of this memory block be make information (as turn pike inlet information) from a reader to another interrogator 12.For example, first interrogator 12 can send data information stores in transponder 14, and these data owner controller block 140 (see figure 8)s can be stored in it in the memory block C by sending suitable addressing information.The interrogator 12 of another back can send the content that a suitable transaction journal sign indicating number (for example type 3A that describes in the head sign indicating number " transaction journal type codes " below) reads memory block C.With communicating effectively between the different interrogator 12 of these methods.
Memory block D is sent to the impact damper (16 byte) of interrogator 12 or service centre as an information of optional external microcontroller (not showing) by master controller 104 regulations.The content of memory block D (16 byte) is mainly loaded by the external microcontroller (not shown).If AVI system 10 no external microcontroller (not shown) then can be piece D freely as the information of another kind of 16 bytes, it can be loaded by service centre or interrogator 12, is read by service centre or reader 12.As a kind of another kind of scheme of storing the microcontroller access function, piece D can be as the annex memory of normal running, even there is microcontroller to exist.
Keep the block register function:
Emitter block
| | Function | |
| 1 | Institution Code, | |
| 2 | Institution Code, LSB |
| 3 | Configuration register |
| 4 | Simulation ASIC configuration words, |
| 5 | Simulation |
| 6 | Simulation ASIC configuration words, |
| 7 | |
| 8 | |
| 9 | |
| 10 | |
| 11 | |
| 12 | Battery |
| 13 | Battery |
| 14 | Battery consumption metering byte 3 |
| 15 | Battery consumption metering byte 4 |
| 16 | Battery |
Referring now to Figure 13,, emitter block 155 comprises multiplexer 156, a byte register 158, encrypted circuit 160, CRC generator 162, a code generator 164, FSK modulator 166 and controller 168.160 pairs of armed serial data stream encryptions of encryption equipment are through CRC generator 162, by 166 emissions of FSK modulator.In case obtain the order of master controller piece, emitter block control circuit 168 will be allowed to.Mission controller 168 emission " motor synchronizing " signals then, the receiver 54 in the interrogator 12 can come the motor synchronizing of replying with transponder 14 with it.A kind of exemplary motor synchronizing signal can be respectively scale-of-two and hexadecimal value: 10101010 and AA.In case finished the motor synchronizing with interrogator receiver 54, mission controller 168 sends suitable memory block data with the time clockwise master controller 104 of 300KHz.When master controller 104 sends to the end of data, CRC circuit 162 output CRC.In case finished the transmission of CRC position, emitter block 155 enters idle condition, send signal to master controller 104, forbid transmitter clock piece 214, make it least in power-consuming.
Figure 14 shows PCI circuit 172.Interface circuit 172 provides the dirigibility of transponder 14 designs, and available minimum work further makes system upgrade.Interface circuit 172 can make external microcontroller (not shown) and transponder 14 communicate.Master controller 104 can be with " permission " signal activation interface controller 174 between the two functional block (see figure 8)s.When interface controller 174 was waken up by external microcontroller, it is effective that it detects " keep the outside " signal, and communicate with external microcontroller.Interface circuit 172 has overcome how to make it compatible mutually with the external circuit of the unknown with unknown following interface requirement in the future problem when design transponder 14.In order to make unspecific external circuit or external microcontroller be provided with the memory buffer that comprises eight bit shift register 186 and one 138 bit shift registers (146 bits claim bit register) 184 with the storer 150 of its clock rate of oneself selecting visit transponder.
Interface controller 174 forms the heart of interface circuit 172.In " writing " pattern, transponder 14 communicates with external microcontroller.Interface controller 174 passes through the information that control line μ c MSG receives master controller 104, and wakes external microcontroller up with signal mu cRDY.Data are loaded into eight bit shift register 186 from primary memory 150.In case after a byte parallel is loaded into eight bit shift register 186,8 bits will enter 138 bit shift registers by multiplexer 180 serials circulation.The effect of multiplexer 180 is to make data enter 138 bit shift registers 184 with clock rate from eight bit shift register 186, and data can be entered with clock rate by serial i/O impact damper 178 from external microcontroller.As seeing from Figure 14, when " circulation " when signal maintains low level, data are passed through by multiplexer 180 from serial i/O impact damper 178.When " circulation " when signal maintains high level, data are passed through by multiplexer 180 from the serial output terminal of eight bit shift register 186.Therefore, data are that an assembling is written into eight bit shift register 186 with 8, and circulation enters 138 bit shift registers 184, finish until information is loaded.Finish in case information is loaded, " circulation " signal maintains low level.Another kind method is, external microcontroller is by " the keep the outside " signal that raises, can the activation interface controller, and no matter whether external RF field has activated transponder 14.No matter under which kind of situation, interface controller 174 sends one 7 bit addresses RADR22 to master controller piece 148, so can be by RDAT22 pack into 8 bit register 186 or take out from 8 bit register 186 of data.
One of advantage of inserting interface circuit between master controller 104 and external microcontroller is by buffering with to 146 bit register, 186,184 design clocks, and 146 bit register 186,184 are sent into or sent to external microcontroller can be freely to its oneself serial clock signal as clock signal through multiplexer.As shown in the figure, interface controller 174 control multiplexers 182, the serial clock that makes external microcontroller to 146 bit register 186,184, are perhaps delivered to 146 bit register 186,184 to its oneself clock by it.Therefore, can determine neatly register to be loaded and takes out data with the clock rate of external microcontroller reality.
Serial i/O impact damper 178 can make data flow with either direction, and this method depends on the signal control line DIR of interface controller 174.Not only external microcontroller can wake transponder 14 up by " keep the outside " line in addition, and interface controller 174 also can output signal wake external microcontroller up on μ c rdy.Position counting circuit 176 monitoring input traffics, and be used for making interface controller 174 determine in the circulating registers 184 data begin the place.The effect of interface controller 174 is that available external microcontroller is read and write 16 byte datas, and ASIC32 carries out serial programming (configuration) to simulation.
At first 3 bits command words are loaded into 8 bit register 186.This 3 bits command word notice external microcontroller is the attribute of information subsequently.The information byte of back once loads a byte, shifts out and cycles through multiplexer 180 then and enter 138 bit shift registers.The information of back load finish after, 184,186 computing times of shift register are until two initial bits appear at the place that begins of 8 bit register 186 once more.At this moment, can keep the clock selecting line, so can be used for the time that record data shift out shift register 184,186 to the serial clock of ppu, keep the control line that enters serial i/O impact damper 178, data can be exported, and keep μ c rdy, wake external microcontroller up.
First kind of pattern, in case wake up, the R/W signal of external microcontroller is changed to low level.The external microcontroller serial moves into junior three bit then, to determine the attribute of information subsequently.Externally microcontroller has write down with after the time of the identical figure place of the needed bit number of three bit informations of transponder 14, and microcontroller is set to high level to its R/W signal, represents that it has finished the reception data.Be maintained in high level in case see the R/W signal, interface processor is set to input pattern to serial i/O impact damper 178, cycle signal is maintained low level, make data can be loaded into shift register 184,186 more in a looping fashion, clock signal is arranged to interface controller 174 once more, it can be controlled shift register 184,186 loading and unloading again.
When another kind of pattern, if external microcontroller has data to deliver to digital ASIC34, it can wake interface controller 174 up with " keep the outside " signal.As previously mentioned, interface controller is provided with clock multiplexer 182, makes it be able to the serial clock that comes by by external microcontroller.Under this pattern, R/W is maintained at high level.Then, external microcontroller directly moves into 138 bit shift registers 184 with serial mode with data, and carries out continuously, until sent data necessary and data shift 146 times, so that first of information is loaded into eight bit shift register 186.Interface controller 174 can maintain the clock selecting line to clock selecting multiplexer 182 low level and control clock once more.Data can be taken out from eight bit shift register 186 then, are loaded into the piece D of primary memory 150.Once take out a byte of data, after this, clock conversion 8 times moves into 8 bit register 186 to one of 138 bit register 184 new byte serial.Unloading and displacement continue to carry out, until all information all send primary memory 150 to.ASIC imperative structures and stipulations:
The ASIC34 of most preferred embodiment has used the CALTRANS standard as its communication protocol.The CALTRANS regulation and stipulation many aspects of the information content, the ASIC imperative structures have been observed the CALTRANS requirement.
4 bytes of reader 12 usefulness say the word to transponder 14: (2 byte) of record type (2 byte) and state.Record type sends in the most preceding 2 bytes, is the head yard in registration and the confirmation afterwards, and status code is only included as the part of confirmation.
Whether whether according to transponder 14 is to have only the unit of ASIC or transponder 14 to have ASIC34 to add external microcontroller, and record type is different to the ASIC34 role with status code.Figure 14 combination explanation herein illustrates the ASIC interface circuit with the external microcontroller interface.
" inspection of passing judgement " on polynomial use of CCITTCRC and the record type and message structure have guaranteed that inerrancy also carries out correct charge.If ASIC and unknown record type or information collision then ignore this information make it inoperative.
The structure of record type (all information)
Record type yard is made up of the head of each registration of initial two bytes and back and confirmation.It can work itself, perhaps sends additional order by user mode sign indicating number (in confirmation).The basic function of record type is to tell how receiver (transponder or interrogator) decodes to the field that rigidly connects in the information of receiving, and transmits the instruction that forms to ASIC.
The CALTRANS code requirement is that transponder reader information keeps 0 * 0001 to 0 * 7FFF this segment limit in the record type sign indicating number, for reader transponder information keeps 0 * 8000 to 0 * FFFF this segment limit.The transaction journal type codes:
Be appreciated that ASIC (related with effective mechanism sign indicating number) is influential to following record type.
If (forbidden the track discriminating by flag register on transponder 14, can ignore the position, track in the record type, transponder 14 can be regardless of lane position be made register information and being replied.)
0 * 8,000 1 type register information---require transponder 14 in (arbitrary track)
Send memory block A in next response message.
0 * 8,001 2 type register information---require transponder 14 in (arbitrary track)
Send memory block A and B in next response message.
0 * 8,002 3 type register information---require transponder 14 in (arbitrary track)
Send memory block A and C in next response message.
0 * 8,003 4 type register information---require transponder 14 in (arbitrary track)
Next response message sends memory block A and D.
0 * 8010 1A type register information---require transponder 14 in next track
The response message of A sends memory block A.
0 * 8011 2A type register information---require transponder 14 in next track
The response message of A sends memory block A and B.
0 * 8012 3A register information---require transponder 14 at next track A
Response message send memory block A and C.
0 * 8013 4A type register information---require transponder 14 in next track
The response message of A sends memory block A and D.
0 * 8020 1B type register information---require transponder 14 in next track
The response message of B sends memory block A.
0 * 8021 2B type register information---require transponder 14 in next track
Send memory block A and B in the response message of B.
0 * 8022 3B type register information---require transponder 14 in next track
Send memory block A and C in the response message of B.
0 * 8023 4B type register information---require transponder 14 in next track
Send memory block A and D in the response message of B.
0 * 8030 1C type register information---require transponder 14 in next track
Send memory block A in the response message of C.
0 * 8031 2C type register information---require transponder 14 in next track
Send memory block A and B in the response message of C.
0 * 8032 3C type register information---require transponder next track C's
Send memory block A and C in the response message.
0 * 8033 4C type register information---require transponder next track C's
Send memory block A and D in the response message.
Define the record type of response message below
0 * 0001 transaction types 1 is replied
0 * 0002 transaction types 2 is replied
0 * 0003 transaction types 3 is replied
0 * 0004 transaction types 4 is replied
Define the record type of confirmation below:
0 * C000 transaction types, 1 confirmation---(Transaction Success).
Affairs register 146 adds 1, and transponder 14 enters ten seconds " to be pressed down
System " cycle.Produce microcontroller information.Hummer sends weak point three
High pitch.
0 * C001 transaction types, 2 confirmations---(transaction is carried out).Emission should
Answer device and reply next suitable register information.Status code can comprise other
Outer instruction.Produce microcontroller information.This is main " motionless
Do " sign indicating number.
0 * C002 transaction types, 3 confirmations---(open and enter one year piece C).
16 byte write store piece C after the status code.Transponder 14
Enter ten seconds " inhibition " cycles.After this status code and the status code 16
Byte will be formatted into microcontroller information (if microcontroller is arranged
Device).Hummer will be sent out short high pitch 1.
0 * C003 transaction types, 4 confirmations---(loading piece D).After status code
16 byte write store piece D.Transponder 14 enters ten
During second " inhibition ".Hummer sends 1 short high pitch " ZK) ".
0 * C004 transaction types, 5 confirmations---((bounce) transaction of rebounding).Read
Go out to get and read flag register, the position of finding to rebound is read by last
Go out the transaction sequence setting of device 12.Transaction counter 146 does not increase.
System device information.(this can be used for suppressing to rebound transponder 14,
And without the record type of transaction types 1.) hummer sends 2
Bass.
0 * C005 transaction types, 6 confirmations---(loading piece C).After status code
16 byte write store piece C.Transponder 14 is replied down
One register information.16 byte formats after status code and the status code
Change into microcontroller information.
0 * C006 transaction types, 7 confirmations---(loading piece D).After status code
16 byte write store piece D.Reflection transponder 14 is replied down
One register information.
0 * C007 transaction types, 8 confirmations---(microcontroller information).State
16 byte formats after sign indicating number and the status code change into microcontroller information.
Carry the EEPROM history file.) hummer sends short high pitch 3.
0 * C008 transaction types, 9 confirmations---(transponder 14 is opened).
Confirmation comprises previous repressed emission and replys 14 account
Number, transponder 14 becomes effectively now, and replys next and step on
Note information.
0 * C009 transaction types, 10 confirmations---(transponder 14 is pressed down
System.) do not conclude the business.Though transponder 14 is replied, it
Not the correct account of this turn pike.Transponder 14 enters
Ten seconds " inhibition " cycles.Produce microcontroller information.Hummer is sent out
Go out long bass 1.
0 * C00A transaction types, 11 confirmations---(transponder 14 is suppressed)
Do not conclude the business.Transponder 14 enters ten seconds " inhibition " weeks
Phase.Do not produce microcontroller information.
0 * C00F transaction types, 16 confirmations---(transponder rebounds).
The position of rebounding is set in the flag register, and transaction counter 146 is added
1。Produce microcontroller information.Transponder 14 continues answering machine
Structure or keep sign indicating number registration request, but reader 12 will pick out immediately
User account has problem, and transponder 14 requires service centre to release
Put.Hummer
Send long bass 2.The structure of confirmation status code:
With specific field 16 byte status sign indicating numbers of confirmation are encoded.Initial three (MSB) are encoded into:
000 does not work
001 (reservation)
010 (reservation)
011 (reservation)
100 reduce account balance (μ c)
Signless will deducting described in 13 of backs from current remaining sum then
Round values.
101 micro controller function W/O data (μ c).Following then 13 descriptions
The micro controller function of realizing.
110 have the micro controller function of data (μ c).Retouch 13 of backs then
State follow after data word joint number (add 1 as n and take advantage of 2) promptly: 000=is with 2
Individual data byte; 4 data bytes of 001=heel; 11=heel 16
Individual data byte.
111 (reservation) mechanism sign indicating number:
Two bytes that mechanism's sign indicating number is equivalent to send after record type in the register information, it is made up of MSB byte and LSB byte.ASIC34 can store user-defined two bytes so that carry out these relatively.
In order to make emission reply part 14 immediate answer interrogators 12, below a condition in two conditions must be satisfied:
1) MSB of Shu Ru Institution Code and LSB byte must be complementary with user-defined mechanism sign indicating number, perhaps
2) the MSB byte of Shu Ru Institution Code and user-defined MSB mechanism sign indicating number are complementary, and the LSB byte must be complementary with 0 * FF " group " answer back code of inside definition.
As an example, the user-defined mechanism sign indicating number in the ASIC can be to have 0 * 5061 of 0 * FF group answer back code.In this case, reply for ASIC is made immediately, the input mechanism sign indicating number is necessary for 0 * 5061 or 0 * 50FF.Any other input mechanism sign indicating number can not make ASIC make immediately and reply.If these conditions do not satisfy, then will produce a microcontroller information.Microcontroller is checked the efficient mechanism code table that it is inner then, and the user-defined mechanism of ASIC34 sign indicating number is revised as input mechanism sign indicating number (if suitable).After user definition mechanism sign indicating number register and the modification of account balance register to reflection transponder 14, reflection transponder 14 can be replied interrogator 12.Transponder 14 has issuer's identification code to be been programmed into its account number.Driveway controller or interrogator 12 have a responsibility for checking the real effectiveness of reflection transponder to the appointment place, and carry out correct affairs.The preferred message structure:
Wake structure up:
Length: 10 bits
Order: wake modulation (" 1 " of ten Manchester's cdes) registration structure up:
Length: 10.5 bytes
Order: head sign indicating number (1.5 byte)
Record type (2 byte)
Mechanism's sign indicating number (2 byte)
Time (2 byte)
Key letter (1 byte)
CRC (2 byte) replys structure:
Length: 21.5 bytes or 37.5 bytes
Order: head sign indicating number (1.5 byte)
Record type (2 byte)
Memory block A (16 byte)
The optional CRC of additional data (16 byte) (2 byte) confirms structure:
Length: 19.5 bytes or 35.5 bytes
Order: head sign indicating number (1.5 byte)
Record type (2 byte)
Reflection transponder india D (6 byte)
Reader ID (6 byte)
Status code (2 byte)
The optional CRC of additional data (16 byte) (2 byte)
ASIC34 expects that generally affairs finish in same one-period (promptly during same waking up-register-confirm sequence).Yet if mechanism's sign indicating number " static " cycle of register information is still effective, ASIC will listen to the affirmation information that comprises the specialized types 9 that its account number may open of confirmation.Reader-ASIC information timing example:
(each Manchester's cde bit wide is 3.333 μ s)
| Cycle | Position # | Position #/maximum | Time (μ s) minimum | Time (μ s) maximum | Open inlet (μ s) | Open outlet (μ s) | Close (μ s) |
| Wake up | 10 | ?33.3 | ?33.3 | ?33.3 | |||
| Time-delay | ?100 | ?100 | ?100 | ?100 | |||
| Registration | 84 | ?84 | ?280 | ?280 | ?280 | ?280 | ?280 |
| Time-delay | ?10 | ?10 | ?10 | ?10 | |||
| The track pulse | ?10 | ?10 | ?10 | ?10 | |||
| Time-delay | ?80 | ?80 | ?80 | ?80 | |||
| | 172 | ?300 | ?573.3 | ?1000 | ?573.3 | ?1000 | ?573.3 |
| Time-delay | ?100 | ?100 | ?100 | ?100 | |||
| | 156 | ?284 | ?520 | ?946.7 | ?946.7 | ?520 | ?520 |
| Time-delay | ?10 | ?10 | ?10 | ?10 | |||
| Amount to | ?1716.6 | ?2570 | ?2143.3 | ?2143.3 | ?1716.6 |
Above-described timing only is exemplary.Can understand other timing stipulations, step and technology by this explanation.
For person skilled in the art with reference to top description do to the improvement of illustrated embodiment and in conjunction with and other embodiments of the invention all be obvious.Therefore desire contains these improvement or embodiment with appending claims.Special function:
Start resets: digital ASIC34 comprises the start reset circuit, when connecting battery circuit is correctly carried out initialization.Also be provided with an external reset end, to carry out hand-reset at attended operation/test period.Can start external reset end ground connection once and reset, this will cause that digital ASIC34 loses all previous data programmed, to all counters and register zero clearing.
Battery consumption metering: the battery consumption of measuring start level 2 and 3 with the dedicated convert on the digital ASIC34/counting circuit.Battery consumption to this two-stage in the register of special use is counted, and two high positions of this special register are in as a token of the part of register is included in.The state representation of this two (MSB) position:
00: spend＜174mAH
01: spend 174mAH-348mAH
10: spend 348mAH-522mAH
11: spend＞output of 522mAH hummer:
The digital ASIC34 of the most preferred embodiment driving pressure transducer of having the ability can make it produce tone in response to some reflection transponder function.High beep sound (1172hz) can indicate this function to finish.Bass (586hz) generally can indicate this function not finish.Long is about 3/4 second (872ms), and short sound is about 1/4 second (218ms), and both have the interval of about 1/2 second (436ms).Voice signal example: 2 long bass turn pikes of 3 short high pitch Data Loading 1 short high pitch bad account states of success of position sound affairs success/1 long bass service mode of account's mismatch and information
The pattern of keeping is provided, and in keeping pattern, charge mechanism or other agent authorizeds can store user profile in the storer of transponder regularly.This information comprises: encryption type; Whether use is encrypted; Whether carrying out the track differentiates; Used FSK frequency; About the transit information of useful load, for example weight, value or toxicity etc.; Whether be connected with microprocessor on the transponder 14; User account number #; Be stored in the amount of currency on the transponder 14.An agent authorized makes transponder enter the pattern of keeping at programming station by sending access code, before this, does not activate transponder.Transponder 14 can provide one to safeguard the pattern confirmation signal to interrogator 12, and the pattern confirmation signal of keeping is used for confirming that to interrogator transponder is in service mode.Mechanism programmes to transponder with user profile then.The change of mechanism's sign indicating number or time surpass 10 seconds kinds, will cause that the pattern of keeping stops.
Function below only when service mode is effective is just effective.In service mode, track appraisal counting device 124 is under an embargo.Comprise at the used specific information form of service mode test ASIC: register information: Class1 is safeguarded register information:
Require transponder in next response message, to launch memory block A and B.Type 2 is safeguarded register information:
Require transponder in next response message, to send memory block A and C.Type 3 is safeguarded register information:
Require transponder in next response message, to send memory block A and D.Type 4 is safeguarded register information:
Require transponder in next response message, to send memory block A.Type 5 is safeguarded register information:
Require transponder to send memory block A and maintenance block.Type 6 is safeguarded register information:
Disconnect the battery consumption measurement clock, load test data to register, register increases a clock, readout register value in response message.Must preserve original content, calculate new value, and before transponder turns back to operator scheme, new value is stored in the battery consumption register.Transponder will be replied with type 2 response messages.Type 7 is safeguarded register information
Require transponder to send the interior all the elements of reception buffer.This special use register information form is used for directly loading test data to reception buffer.Transponder will be replied with unencrypted type 6 response messages.Response message type 5 is safeguarded response message:
Transponder is replied with memory block A and maintenance block.Type 6 is safeguarded response message:
Transponder is replied with the content in memory block A and the reception buffer.This information unencryption does not comprise the account number of label.Interrogator has been stored the account number of label from previous registration/response sequence, and the account number that is used in the corresponding confirmation is replied.Confirmation: Class1 is safeguarded confirmation
Do not carry out work.Ignore status code.Type 2 is safeguarded confirmation
Information after the status code is loaded into memory block D.Ignore status code.Type 3 is safeguarded confirmation
Information after the status code is loaded into memory block C.Ignore status code.Type 4 is safeguarded confirmation
Information after the status code is loaded into memory block D.Ignore status code.Type 5 is safeguarded confirmation
Information after the status code is loaded into memory block A.Ignore status code.Type 6 is safeguarded confirmation
The information of this information representation after state writes to be safeguarded in the register.Ignore status code.Type 7 is safeguarded confirmation
The information of this information representation after status code and status code writes microcontroller.The attribute of status code presentation directives.Type 8 is safeguarded confirmation
Rebound the position be reset.Do not carry out other operation.Status code is ignored.The low frequency modulations interrogator
Figure 18 shows another embodiment of interrogator.By in normal RF inquiry, being superimposed with the power consumption that low frequency modulations can be used to this structure to reduce transponder.By using this low frequency modulations, can be configured to field detector or wake-up circuit 64 to low-down modulating frequency sensitivity as 90Hz, rather than to general communication modulating frequency sensitivity.Interrogator 12 usefulness heterodyne oscillator or mixer 222 this low frequency modulations that superposes as shown in figure 18.In fact, can be with the RF interrogating signal being carried out aftertreatment this low frequency modulations that superposes as mixer 222 (as shown in figure 18) etc.In other words, can with as so-called " squegger " modulation technique come in the superimposed generation that is attached to the RF interrogating signal.Can make high data rate signal comprise the low frequency component that is used for input with this technology.Therefore, the train of impulses that equals low frequency signal to be detected with pulse rate sends data.For example, for low frequency (LF) component of realizing 100Hz, can send 5 second data, kept another 5 seconds in known state (high or low) then.And then send another 5 seconds kind data, be 5 seconds " no datat " subsequently again.Repeat this mode continuously, generation can be by the simple low-pass filter 74 detected 100Hz spectrum lines that can make 100Hz pass through to suppress high-frequency signal.This blocking oscillator modulation technique is preferably realized by the software that resides in main frame 16, transmitter 52 or the interface circuit 56.Also can replace above-mentioned method gate function with another kind of transformat.The square wave gate function has " emission " and " non-emission " alternate cycle (so transfer rate is modulated) between peaked 0% and 100%.In the linear mode from the minimum period to the maximum cycle, the length in data " non-emission " cycle may increase.This is the triangle data rate modulation, in this modulation system, pulse rate along with low (height) speed of foregoing 100Hz to as the time variation of height (low) speed of 300Hz.This modulation provides a kind of additional means, makes receiver can recognize interrogating signal, gets rid of interference source.In should using, can use other submodulation waveform such as sine wave.The power that LF is modulated as the field detection signal as mentioned previously has comprised the saving power consumption.For field detector or the wake-up circuit 64 of making a kind of sensitivity, after detecting, must amplify to the received signal.Detect level if be amplified to direct current, then be not subjected to interference such as external sources such as cell phone, lightning, electrical network and other sources.Detect the used electric weight of High Speed Modulation frequency greater than the needed electric weight of other method.The power consumption of amplifier and frequency are almost linear; So should be under possible situation the frequency that detects of step-down amplifier be important.Another kind of arousal function:
Referring now to Figure 19 another kind of awakening method and structure are described.The another kind of preferred embodiment of transponder has various states to wake up, and the threshold dector 62 of low power state 1 waits for that the field intensity that receives is greater than 500mV/mz.In case the field intensity that receives is greater than threshold value, first order threshold dector 62 will make the 2nd grade of wake-up circuit 64 wake and monitor preliminary election modulation in the signal that receives up.If the 2nd grade of wake-up circuit 64 receives predetermined modulation signal, wake-up circuit 64 makes digital ASIC34 conducting by switch 98 so.In this method, the power minimum of consumption, though because first order threshold dector 62 always is in the power consumption state, the electric weight that it consumes is less.The electric weight that wake-up circuit 64 consumes is big slightly, but it is necessary low-power device.Wake-up circuit 64 is parts that only are allowed in the short usually time durations of the power that receives greater than threshold value.At last, if threshold condition and modulation condition all are satisfied, so, only power supply is added on the bigger digital ASIC34 of power consumption.Then, interrogator 12 is to remote-control transmitting transponder 14 emission interrogating signals, and this interrogating signal is preferably launched with on-off keying.In case interrogation signal transmission finishes, transmitter 52 is just to transponder 14 emission continuous wave RF signals, and reflection transponder 14 can backreflection modulated continuous wave RF signal, produces answer signal.Narrate interrogator 12 now.Interrogator 12 is positioned on the exchanges data station, for example bridge, cash desk or other selected interested place.This system comprises shared reference oscillator 50, and it produces reference carrier at its output terminal 51, is used for synchronous interrogator 12.Each interrogator 12 has an antenna 18 and a transmitter 52, its emission field intensity triggers or activates the transponder 14 in the traveling automobile in track 28a, the 28b related with interrogator, 28c enough greatly and/or with the trigger pip 42 of preselected distance modulation type.Interrogator 12 further comprises a receiver 54, receives answer signal, and answer signal and pseudo-non-modulation reflection are separated.Interrogator transmitter 52 and receiver 54 are worked under the control of control interface circuit 56.Main frame sends trigger pip 42 by control interface circuit 56 control transmitters 52 after interrogating signal.Wake piece up:
Referring to Figure 19, Figure 19 illustrates in greater detail multistage wake-up circuit 60.First order circuit 62 and second level wake-up circuit 64 the most handy simulation ASIC32 realize.Inventive principle described herein is having significant advantage than prior art aspect the power consumption.This has the toll tags of speciality battery life or transponder for one of design is considerable.Use principle of the present invention described herein, generally make transponder 14 be in sleep pattern or state 1, get seldom energy from battery 66.Energy in first order consumption only is that first order circuit 62 is needed.Second level circuit 62 generally comprises direct current threshold value comparer 68, the signal that it receives from antenna 30 by detecting device 70.At first detecting device 70 takes out the 300kbps Manchester II signal of modulated on the 915MHz continuous wave signal at node " A ".Because first order circuit 62 only needs to detect some RF energy level, so a low-pass filter 72 is set between detecting device 70 and comparer 68.Low-pass filter 72 is at node " B " output and the relevant dc level signal of average voltage level that receives at node " A ".Because direct current threshold value comparer 68 is in static substantially state, thereby power consumption is quite low.When the dc level signal on the node " B " surpasses a certain predetermined voltage threshold, whether comparer 68 has the modulation of 300kbps to occur by its output terminal in the signal that node " C " receives wake-up circuit 64 detections, and makes transponder get the hang of 2.
With further reference to Figure 19, at the output terminal of detecting device 70 Hi-pass filter 74 is set, the pseudo-low frequency signal of filtering from coming such as cell phone or other ripple.Wave filter 74 provides signal through high-pass filtering at node " D ".In case detect the enough big RF field of intensity, then comparer 68 makes oscillator or pulse producer 76 and modulation detector 78 work, and modulation 78 is an impulse meter preferably.Only detecting enough strong RF signal energy and with the modulation of predetermined frequency, wake-up circuit 64 is just supplied with digital ASIC34 to power supply, to keep minimum power consumption.In first preferred embodiment, desirable modulating frequency is 248KHz or higher High Speed Modulation.In another preferred embodiment, the low frequency signal of about 90Hz is superimposed upon on the carrier wave of 915MHz.
Still referring to Figure 19, the signal of the unmodulated of the detecting device 70 of transponder becomes an input signal of analog voltage comparator 68, is called the signal level sign.Threshold level is determined by 3 DAC (not shown).Make pulse producer 76 work corresponding to one section during predetermined, and load impulse meter 78 with a reading, pulse producer 76 is quartz (controlled) oscillator, RC oscillator or ceramic resonator preferably, each pulse that makes the voltage of node " B " rise surpass the RF signal level of threshold value causes that all impulse meter 78 restarts, make pulse producer 76 keep operation simultaneously, until spent this section scheduled period.The scheduled period of impulse meter can be selected according to the time between the RF interrogation pulse of interrogator.For example, interrogator can send the RF interrogation pulse by every 2ms, generally is shorter than 2ms greatly because the short time of the signal that the on-off keying of carrier wave causes disappears or other internal information disappears.Therefore, be shorter than 2ms slightly during predetermined and, during all information of interrogator, all work to keep digital ASIC34 greater than the internal information die-out time.
As mentioned above, the signal level sign of comparer 68 activates wake-up circuit 64.For first preferred embodiment, impulse meter 78 is preferably gate 4 bit count circuit.Gate pulse is set to 62.5 μ s, means, if 248KHz or higher modulation, 4 bit counter will be overflowed.For further saving power consumption, wake-up circuit 64 has its power work period, and every 16ms opens 2ms time window (1/8 work period), and in the time window of 2ms, detecting device is opened 62.5 μ s, closes 125 μ s (1/3 work period).This work period (1/8 * 1/3=1/24 work period) is reduced to 1/24 of original value to power consumption effectively.
Still referring to Figure 19, if do not detect modulation, and the RF signal drops to and is lower than threshold voltage, after one period short time, wakes piece 60 automatic powered-downs up.Do not wake modulation up if detect, but the RF signal keeps greater than above-mentioned threshold value, then wake-up circuit 64 preferably continues electric consumption.If detect modulation, then activate the major part of digital ASIC34, and keep impulse meter 78 effective with the signal of the master controller piece 80 (seeing Figure 11) of digital ASIC34.If RF blackout, master controller piece 80 can keep pulse producer 76 effective, until digital ASIC34 function is finished.Master controller 80 will not make pulse producer 76 stop, until all afoot functions are finished.Pulse producer 76 is preferably in master controller 80 and sends and stop one period short time after the power cutoff.Transponder 14 preferably gets the hang of 4 now, and at this state, all circuit are one period regular time of dormancy basically all, so transponder 14 will can not activated by same modulation signal once more.After this section cycle regular time, transponder 14 carries out state 1 once more, makes it can receive other interrogator 10 interrogating signals.
Desirable supporting capacity comprises eeprom memory, has LCD driving force, serial communication and the driving of pressure hummer etc. that button is selected, but is not limited to these.
Following form comprises noun used in the present patent application, has comprised the noun that some are optional and preferable.Other available noun represents not have example to go out.
Table
| The element that draws | Common noun | Preferable or specific term | Available title |
| 10 | The automobile recognition system | The automobile recognition system | The AVI system |
| 12 | Interrogator | Interrogator | Reader |
| 14 | Transponder | Transponder | Transponder, label |
| 16 | Main frame | Main frame | Computer at charge station cash desk computing machine |
| 18 | Antenna | Directional antenna | Interrogator antenna |
| 20 | Electronic module | The interrogator electronic module | |
| 22 | Interconnection line | The RF interconnection line | The RF concentric cable |
| 24 | Connecting line | The main frame connecting line | RS232 connecting line RS422 connecting line main frame connecting line |
| 26 | Automobile | Automobile | Automobile |
| 28 | The track | The automobile track | |
| 30 | Antenna | Transponder antenna | The transponder antenna transponder antenna |
| 31 | Antenna | Comprehensive transponder antenna | Comprehensive transponder/transponder antenna |
| 32 | Control circuit | Simulation ASIC | Analog/digital SAIC |
| 34 | Control circuit | Numeral ASIC | The digital processing part |
| 36 | The reception buffer piece | ||
| 38 | The master controller piece | ||
| 40 | Emitter block | ||
| 41 | Transmitter | ||
| 42 | Wake train of impulses up | Trigger pip | Activation signal |
| 44 | The field intensity pulse | The field intensity pulse |
| 45 | The cycle is differentiated in the track | First lane is differentiated the cycle | |
| 46 | The cycle is differentiated in the track | Second lane is differentiated the cycle | |
| 47 | The cycle is differentiated in the track | Third lane is differentiated the cycle | |
| 48 | Storer | The transponder storer | |
| 50 | Reference oscillator | The cash desk reference oscillator | With reference to generator |
| 51 | Output terminal | The output terminal of cash desk reference oscillator | |
| 52 | Transmitter | Transmitter | Luminescence emissions device transmitter module |
| 54 | Receiver | Receiver | Receiver module detuner |
| 56 | Control circuit | Interface circuit | Computer interface |
| 60 | Wake piece up | The multimode wake-up circuit | |
| 62 | First order circuit | Threshold dector | |
| 64 | Second level circuit | Call out the distribution road | Modulation detector |
| 66 | Power supply | Battery | |
| 70 | Detecting device | ||
| 72 | Wave filter | Low-pass filter | |
| 74 | Wave filter | Hi-pass filter | |
| 76 | Pulse producer | ||
| 78 | Counter | Impulse meter |
| 80 | The master controller piece | ||
| 82 | Rectifier | ||
| 84 | Capacitor | Pass capacitor | |
| 86 | Resistor | Bypassed resistor | |
| 88 | Capacitor | The serial connection capacitor | |
| 90 | Resistor | Bypassed resistor | |
| 92 | Comparer | The gate comparer | |
| 94 | The terminal count end | ||
| 96 | Latch | The door lock controlled storage | |
| 97 | Or door | ||
| 98 | Switch | Power switch | |
| 100 | The reception buffer piece | ||
| 102 | Special demoder of graceful thorough phase | ||
| 104 | Master controller | ||
| 106 | The CRC generator | ||
| 108 | The track discriminator circuit | ||
| 110 | The accepting state controller | ||
| 112 | Shift register | The serial-to-parallel shift register | |
| 114 | Counter | Byte counter | |
| 116 | Register | Keep register | Latch |
| 118 | SRAM | SRAM | Latch |
| 120 | Comparer | Address comparator | |
| 122 | Impact damper | Reception buffer | |
| 124 | Controller | Control is differentiated in the track |
| Device | |||
| 126 | Capacitor | Connection sample and maintenance capacitor | |
| 130 | Comparer and demoder | ||
| 132 | Switch | Sampling and maintained switch | |
| 134 | Open point | Sampling and maintained switch | |
| 137 | Meter is decided device | The short time timer | |
| 138 | Meter is decided device | Long-time timer | |
| 140 | The master controller piece | ||
| 142 | Comparer | ||
| 146 | Counter | Transaction counter | |
| 148 | The primary memory piece | ||
| 150 | Storer | Primary memory | |
| 152 | Addressing circuit | Multiplexer | Multiplexer |
| 154 | Addressing circuit | Multiplexer | Multiplexer |
| 156 | Reply the selection circuit | Multiplexer | Multiplexer |
| 158 | Register | The byte register | |
| 160 | Encryption equipment | Encryption equipment | The encryption equipment circuit |
| 162 | The CRC generator | ||
| 164 | Code generator | ||
| 166 | Modulator | ||
| 168 | Controller | Mission controller | |
| 170 | Clock circuit | ||
| 172 | External interface circuit | Exterior I/F |
| 174 | Controller | Subcontrol | Interface controller IF controller |
| 176 | Digit counter | ||
| 178 | The I/O impact damper | ||
| 180 | Data output is selected | Data output multiplexer | |
| 182 | Clock selecting | The clock selecting multiplexer | |
| 184 | Counter | 138 bit counter | |
| 186 | Counter | 8 bit counter | |
| 190 | The hummer piece | ||
| 192 | Controller | The hummer controller | |
| 194 | Frequency divider | The tone frequency divider | Clock dividers |
| 196 | Frequency divider | The tone frequency divider | Clock dividers |
| 198 | Frequency divider | The tone frequency divider | Clock dividers |
| 200 | Frequency divider | The tone frequency divider | Clock dividers |
| 202 | Frequency divider | The tone frequency divider | Clock dividers |
| 204 | With | ||
| 206 | With | ||
| 208 | Or | ||
| 210 | Impact damper | ||
| 212 | Hummer | Loudspeaker, piezoelectric transducer | |
| 214 | Clock | King oscillator | |
| 216 | Frequency divider | Clock dividers | |
| 218 | Frequency divider | Clock dividers |
| 220 | Frequency divider | Clock dividers | |
| 222 | Modulator | Mixer |
Some preferred embodiments have been described above in detail.Should be appreciated that scope of the present invention also comprised embodiment with these descriptions different but still fall within embodiment in claims scope.
For example, display device can be cathode-ray tube (CRT) or other raster scan device, LCD or plasma display.Use " microcomputer " in the literary composition, mean that microcomputer needs a storer, " microprocessor " then do not need.Usage herein is that these nouns can also be and the thing synonym that is equal to and relevant.Term " controller " " treatment circuit " and " control circuit " comprise ASIC (special IC), PAL (can compile array logic), PLA (can compile logic array), demoder, storer, non-software-based processor or other circuit, perhaps comprise the microprocessor of any structure and the digital machine of microcomputer, perhaps the combination of these elements, parts.Memory storage comprises SRAM (static RAM), the memory storage of DRAM (dynamic RAM), pseudo-static RAM (SRAM), latch, EEPROM (EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memo)), EPROM (EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)), register or any known other.Here the word that comprises can not be interpreted as exhaustive for scope of the present invention.
Frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation can be counted as possible data-modulated mode, and orthogonal PSK (QPSK), or other any modulation are modulated in pulse-time-outs modulation, amplitude offset keying (ASK), quadrature AM (QAM).Disturb such as the multiplexed signal cross of can avoiding that time or frequency modulation (PFM) etc. are dissimilar.Modulation can realize with backreflection modulation, the active modulation of carrier wave or other method.Can make with silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs) or other electronic material family or based on the discrete component or the completely inegrated circuit of optical tech or other technology, can be used to realize circuit described herein.Should be appreciated that various embodiment of the present invention can realize or implements with hardware, software or microcode firmware.
Wish to realize the present invention with silicon, gallium arsenide or other material family or based on the form of optical tech or other technology and discrete component or the completely inegrated circuit of embodiment.Should be appreciated that various embodiment of the present invention can realize or implements with hardware, software or microcode firmware.
Although described the present invention with reference to illustrated embodiment, these descriptions are not construed as limiting.The various variations of illustrated embodiment and combination and other embodiments of the invention are understood for those person skilled in the art with reference to foregoing description.Therefore want to comprise these variations or embodiment with appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. a transponder that carries out wireless communication with interrogator is characterized in that, described transponder comprises:
A) antenna, described antenna receive the RF interrogating signal of described interrogator;
B) carry out the threshold dector of telecommunication with described antenna; Whether described threshold dector is used to measure the power level of described RF interrogating signal, a described power level and a threshold value are made comparisons, and provide the described power level of an indication greater than the threshold signal of described threshold value;
C) carry out the modulation detector of telecommunication with described antenna, described modulation detector detects the modulation in the described RF interrogating signal, and provides a modulation to have signal, and
D) control circuit, in case receive described threshold signal and there is signal in described modulation, described control circuit just receives the described RF interrogating signal of described antenna, and replys the data that are modulated on the described RF interrogating signal.
2. transponder as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described modulation detector receives described threshold signal, and by this signal enabling.
3. transponder as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described threshold dector receives described modulation and has signal, and by this signal enabling.
4. transponder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, further comprise, a carrier detector, described carrier detector and described antenna carry out telecommunication, and from described antenna reception RF interrogating signal, described carrier detector further extracts carrier wave from described RF interrogating signal, and described carrier wave is sent to described control circuit, described threshold dector and described modulation detector.
5. transponder as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described carrier detector further sends to described control circuit to described RF interrogating signal with the form of described carrier modulation.
6. transponder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described transponder receives and with the electrical communication signals of the described interrogator of the first modulating frequency demodulation, described modulation detector detects second modulating frequency that is superimposed upon on the described RF interrogator, described modulation detector only detects at it and just makes other transponder circuit working when having described second modulating frequency, when being reduced in no RF interrogating signal and by the possibility of other transponder circuit as described in activating as pseudo-electromagnetic interference (EMI).
7. transponder as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described first frequency is a signal of communication, described second frequency is lower than described first frequency, described second frequency plays the door gating signal effect of described electrical communication signals, described door gating signal makes described signal of communication pass through described RF interrogating signal during first half period of described door gating signal, and during second half period of described door gating signal the RF interrogating signal is remained on the given value.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95115166 CN1104708C (en) | 1995-09-15 | 1995-09-15 | Multi-stage transponder wake-up, method and struture thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95115166 CN1104708C (en) | 1995-09-15 | 1995-09-15 | Multi-stage transponder wake-up, method and struture thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1184990A CN1184990A (en) | 1998-06-17 |
| CN1104708C true CN1104708C (en) | 2003-04-02 |
Family
ID=5080413
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95115166 Expired - Fee Related CN1104708C (en) | 1995-09-15 | 1995-09-15 | Multi-stage transponder wake-up, method and struture thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1104708C (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102362436B (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2014-08-20 | Nxp股份有限公司 | Power saving method and RFID label |
| US20110018692A1 (en) * | 2009-05-28 | 2011-01-27 | Patrick Smith | Methods and Systems for Validating Code from a Wireless Device |
| WO2013133069A1 (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2013-09-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Startup signal generation device |
| JP6695574B2 (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2020-05-20 | ザインエレクトロニクス株式会社 | Transmission device and transmission / reception system |
| EP3736737B1 (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2023-07-12 | Nxp B.V. | Transponder and method of operating the same |
| CN115866625B (en) * | 2023-02-08 | 2023-05-19 | 成都航空职业技术学院 | Multi-base-station all-terrain complementary communication method and system |
-
1995
- 1995-09-15 CN CN 95115166 patent/CN1104708C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1184990A (en) | 1998-06-17 |
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