CN110470705B - Electric small-size sample dielectric property detection device based on frequency division technology - Google Patents
Electric small-size sample dielectric property detection device based on frequency division technology Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
- G01R27/2617—Measuring dielectric properties, e.g. constants
- G01R27/2623—Measuring-systems or electronic circuits
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dielectric characteristic detection device of an electrically small-sized sample based on a frequency division technology, which is a two-port network and has a symmetrical structure and specifically comprises a bottom metal layer, a middle dielectric layer and an upper metal strip; the upper-layer metal strip comprises two microstrip Wilkinson power dividers which are symmetrically arranged, two multi-ring split resonant rings and two branches which are connected with output ports of the two microstrip Wilkinson power dividers; one of the two branches is a transmission branch, and the other branch is a reference branch; the opening of the multi-ring opening resonance ring is provided with a micro-fluid channel for bearing a measured fluid, the micro-fluid channel has a transmission zero point when no load is carried, and after a measured object is loaded, the symmetry is broken so as to generate two transmission zero points. The invention can realize the detection of the dielectric property of the electrically small-sized sample, has no test sensitivity interfered by the external environment, also realizes the advantages of plane, low price, easy integration, low profile and the like, and has good practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a broadband microwave measuring system for dielectric properties of an electrically small-sized sample. Belongs to the technical field of microwave measurement, and particularly relates to a high-sensitivity dielectric property microwave measuring device loaded by a negative-permeability artificial electromagnetic material.
Background
By electrically small-sized sample is meant that the three-dimensional size of the object to be tested is much smaller than the operating wavelength of the test device, such as the detection of the dielectric properties of individual sand particles in the physics of sand blown by wind. Because electrically small-sized samples have small volumes and radio frequency signals caused in the test process are very weak, various high-sensitivity test methods are continuously proposed, wherein a near-zero transmission method and a resonant sensor loaded with a metamaterial structure are taken as representatives. The near-zero transmission method adopts a double-branch testing technology, effectively eliminates the background noise of the transmission line, greatly improves the sensitivity, but cannot bear electric small-size samples. The plane open type resonant cavity can restrict electromagnetic waves in a small area during resonance, provides a good technical means for detecting the dielectric property of an electrically small-sized sample, and partial research gradually steps into the practical application stage. For example, a technique for detecting uric acid content based on a planar resonant circuit is proposed in the literature. However, the test method is susceptible to external environmental influences (e.g., humidity).
Disclosure of Invention
According to the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the dielectric property detection device for the electrically small-sized sample based on the frequency division technology, the device can realize the detection of the dielectric property of the electrically small-sized sample, the detection sensitivity is not interfered by the external environment, the advantages of plane, low price, easy integration, low profile and the like are realized, and the device has good practicability.
The invention is realized according to the following technical scheme:
a dielectric characteristic detection device of an electrically small-sized sample based on a frequency division technology is a two-port network and a symmetrical structure, and specifically comprises a bottom metal layer, an intermediate medium layer and an upper metal strip; the upper-layer metal strip comprises two microstrip Wilkinson power dividers which are symmetrically arranged, two multi-ring split resonant rings and two branches which are connected with output ports of the two microstrip Wilkinson power dividers; one of the two branches is a transmission branch, and the other branch is a reference branch; the opening of the multi-ring opening resonance ring is provided with a micro-fluid channel for bearing a measured fluid, the micro-fluid channel has a transmission zero point when no load is carried, and after a measured object is loaded, the symmetry is broken so as to generate two transmission zero points.
Further, the microstrip type wilkinson power divider comprises an input port, two in-phase output ports and a T-shaped junction for connecting the input port and the output ports.
Furthermore, an isolation resistor for preventing mutual crosstalk of two paths of signals is loaded between two output ports of the microstrip type wilkinson power divider.
Furthermore, the two multi-ring open-ended resonant rings are symmetrically connected to the middle position of the two branches through a short microstrip line.
Further, the multi-ring opening resonant ring comprises a resonant ring I, a resonant ring II, a resonant ring III and a resonant ring IV from outside to inside; wherein, the openings of the resonance ring I, the resonance ring II, the resonance ring III and the resonance ring IV have different sizes but the same direction.
Further, the resonance ring I comprises a microstrip line I, two microstrip lines II with the same length, a microstrip line III and an opening; the microstrip line I is connected with the two microstrip lines II in a right-angle U-shaped mode; the sum of the lengths of the two microstrip lines III and the length of the opening is equal to the length of the microstrip line I; the microstrip line I and the microstrip line II have different lengths.
Furthermore, the microstrip line I, the microstrip line II and the microstrip line III are equal in width.
Furthermore, the resonant ring II, the resonant ring III and the resonant ring IV have the same layout as the resonant ring I.
Furthermore, the intervals between two micro-strips which are adjacent left and right and adjacent up and down in the resonance ring I, the resonance ring II, the resonance ring III and the resonance ring IV are equal and are d; the circumference of the resonance ring II is 8d smaller than that of the resonance ring I, and the circumferences of the resonance ring III and the resonance ring IV are 8d and 16d smaller than that of the resonance ring II respectively.
Furthermore, the microfluidic channel is formed by covering the bottom metal layer with dimethyl siloxane, but leaving the complementary openings uncovered, so as to load electrically small-sized samples.
The test device provided by the invention is subjected to three-dimensional numerical simulation through a Finite Element (FEM) algorithm, and the result shows that the device can realize the detection of the dielectric property of an electric small-size sample in 5.6 GHz. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the device for detecting the dielectric property of the double-branch small-size sample with the negative magnetic conductivity artificial electromagnetic material structure can be applied to the fields of cytology, biomacromolecule reconstruction, protein thermal denaturation and the like. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the Wilkinson power divider with double branches can effectively avoid the crosstalk of signals between the two branches, thereby avoiding the mutual coupling between two multi-ring open resonance rings, the loaded resonance rings are in a multi-ring structure, and the openings are in one direction.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a Wilkinson power divider;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a multi-ring split resonant ring;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the transmission zero point of the present invention at idle;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the zero point of transmission of the present apparatus when loaded with deionized water.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a double-branch high-sensitivity dielectric property measuring device loaded by a negative-permeability artificial electromagnetic material based on a frequency division technology, which is mainly applied to dielectric property detection of an electric small-size sample. The device mainly comprises two identical microstrip Wilkinson power dividers, two multi-ring open-ended resonant rings and two branches.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the testing device provided by the present invention is a two-port network, is a symmetrical structure, and comprises a three-layer structure, which is a bottom metal layer 1, a middle dielectric layer 2 and an upper metal strip in sequence from bottom to top; the upper-layer metal strip comprises two microstrip Wilkinson power dividers 4 which are symmetrically arranged, two multi-ring open resonant rings 7 and two branches which are connected with output ports of the two microstrip Wilkinson power dividers; one of the two branches is a transmission branch 5, and the other branch is a reference branch 6. The opening of the multi-ring opening resonance ring 7 is provided with a micro-fluid channel for bearing a measured fluid, the micro-fluid channel has a transmission zero point when no load is carried, and after a measured object is loaded, the symmetry is broken to generate two transmission zero points.
The multi-ring open-ended resonant ring 7 is connected to the middle position of the two branches through a section of short microstrip line 8, so that the testing device is guaranteed to have high symmetry.
The negative magnetic conductivity artificial electromagnetic material structure is a loaded multi-ring open resonant ring 7, and in order to improve the sensitivity, the multi-ring open resonant ring 7 with openings in one direction is specially used. In order to load the electrically small-sized sample, a micro-flow channel is designed by adopting Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in a measuring and reference area (at two multi-ring open resonant rings), namely a thick film is paved on the PDMS, but the position (opening) with the strongest electric field is left so as to load the electrically small-sized sample. And the whole device adopts gold plating treatment, so that according to the design scheme, the direct contact type test of microfluid can be realized, and the measurement sensitivity is greatly improved. The testing principle is based on frequency division technology or symmetrical destruction, namely when two microfluidic channels load the same sample or the device is in idle load, the device is in a symmetrical balance state, only one transmission zero point appears, when two wake channels load different samples, the balance of the device is broken, two transmission zero points appear, the frequency division technology is the device, and the frequency difference and the amplitude difference between the two transmission zero points reflect the dielectric property and the loss property of the measured sample. The invention is only based on the frequency division technology to realize the dielectric property detection of the electrically small-sized sample.
As shown in fig. 2, the microstrip wilkinson power divider 4 includes an input port 21, two in-phase output ports, a T-junction 24 connecting the input port 21 and the output ports, and an isolation resistor 9.
Specifically, the impedance of the input port 21, the output port i 22, and the output port ii 23 of the microstrip wilkinson power divider 4 is 50 ohms, and the impedance of the quarter-wavelength conversion section 25 is 35 ohms. The impedance of the microstrip lines (the transmission branch 61 and the reference branch 62 in fig. 1) connected to the output port i 22 and the output port ii 23 of the microstrip wilkinson power divider 4 is also 50 ohms, and the impedance of the isolation resistor 9 is 100 ohms.
As shown in fig. 3, the multi-ring open-ended resonant ring 7 includes four communicating rectangular open-ended resonant rings, which are labeled as resonant ring i 31, resonant ring ii 32, resonant ring iii 33, and resonant ring iv 34 from outside to inside; the resonance ring I31 comprises a microstrip line I35, two microstrip lines II 36 with the same length, a microstrip line III 37 and an opening 38, wherein the microstrip line I35 and the microstrip line II 36 are connected in a U shape in a right-angle mode, the sum of the length of the two microstrip lines III 37 and the length of the opening 38 is equal to the length of the microstrip line I35, the microstrip line I35 and the microstrip line II 36 have different lengths, and all the microstrip lines have the same width W; the same resonant ring II 32, resonant ring III 33, resonant ring IV 34 and resonant ring I31 have the same layout, and the four resonant rings have openings 38 with the same size; the resonant ring II 32 also comprises a microstrip line a39, two microstrip lines b40 with the same size, a microstrip line c41 and an opening 38, the microstrip line a39 and the microstrip line b40 are also connected into a U shape at right angles, and the sum of the length of the microstrip line c41 at two ends and the length of the opening 38 is the same as the length of the microstrip line a39, but is different from the length of the microstrip line b 40.
The distances between the microstrip line I35 and the microstrip line a39 and between the microstrip line II 36 and the microstrip line b40 are equal, and are d, so that the circumference of the second resonance ring II 32 and the first resonance ring I31 is 8d from outside to inside; by analogy, the circumferences of the resonant ring III 33 and the resonant ring IV 34 are respectively 8d and 16d smaller than that of the second resonant ring II 32.
Like the resonant ring I31 and the resonant ring II 32, the resonant ring III 33 comprises a microstrip line A42, two microstrip lines B43, C44 and an opening 38 which are the same in size, the microstrip line A42 and the microstrip line B43 are also connected into a U shape at right angles, and the sum of the length of the microstrip line C44 at two ends and the length of the opening 38 is the same as the length of the microstrip line A42 but different from the length of the microstrip line B43.
The resonant ring IV 34 comprises a microstrip line U46, two microstrip lines V47 with the same size, a microstrip line W49 and an opening 38, the microstrip line U46 and the microstrip line V47 are also connected into a U shape at right angles, and the sum of the length of the microstrip line W49 at two ends and the length of the opening 38 is the same as the length of the microstrip line U46 but different from the length of the microstrip line V47. In particular all the microstrip lines constituting the multi-loop open resonator loop 7 have the same width W.
In order to improve the sensitivity, reduce the volume of the detected object and realize the detection of the electric small-size sample. The invention provides a multi-ring opening resonant ring 7 as shown in fig. 3, and does not adopt a traditional multi-ring resonant ring, the openings between every two adjacent rings of the traditional concentric rectangular multi-ring resonant ring are in opposite directions, but the openings of all the rings face one direction, so that the design is beneficial to enhancing the coupling between the rings, thereby enhancing the electric field intensity at the opening during resonance, and further greatly improving the test sensitivity. In particular, a microfluidic channel is provided at the place of the proposed testing device where the electric field is strongest, i.e. at the opening of the multi-ring resonant ring, for carrying the fluid to be tested. The design scheme of the microfluidic channel is that the lowermost metal layer is firstly covered by dimethyl siloxane (PDMS), but the part with the strongest electric field of each complementary split ring is left uncovered, and the whole device is processed by gold plating.
The dielectric property detection principle of the electrically small-sized sample body is as follows:
calculations were carried out on the proposed device by means of finite elements and the results showed that when the microstrip line i 35, ii 36 of the multi-ring open resonator ring 7 had a length of 10.2mm, 8.3mm, d 0.8mm, W0.3 mm and the size of the opening was 0.78mm, the test device could exhibit a transmission zero at 5.6GHz when unloaded, in particular when the input region 3, the output region 10 (shown in fig. 1) of the device had a length of 10mm, the quarter-wave transformer 25 (shown in fig. 2) had a length of 12.96mm and the transmission branch 5 and the reference branch 6 (shown in fig. 1) had a length of 20 mm, so that the size of the proposed two-port test device was 36.7 x 56.96mm 2.
The testing principle of the invention is that under the condition of no load, the testing device is in a symmetrical balance state, a signal is input from an input port of the testing device, is equally divided into two paths of same signals by a first microstrip type Wilkinson power divider 4, is respectively output from two output ports of the first microstrip type Wilkinson power divider 4 and is transmitted to a transmission branch 5 and a reference branch 6, the signal meets two multi-ring opening resonance rings 7 in the middle of the two branches, and when the two same multi-ring opening resonance rings 7 resonate, no signal reaches a second output port of the testing device, so that a transmission zero point is generated. When the test area and the reference area are loaded with different objects, the symmetry of the original circuit is broken, which causes the test apparatus to generate two transmission zeros, i.e., the frequency division technique described above, and the variation between the two transmission zeros (the variation in amplitude and phase) reflects the difference in dielectric properties (the real part and the imaginary part) between the test object and the reference object. The invention is based on the principle to realize the dielectric property detection of the electrically small-sized sample, and the sensitivity is greatly improved due to the adopted frequency division technology, the test is not influenced by the external environment (such as humidity), the robustness of the test device is improved, and the application field of the test device is widened. Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the transmission zero point of the testing device when it is unloaded, and fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the transmission zero point when it is loaded with deionized water. In addition, the invention can also realize the detection of block-shaped solid and powder-shaped objects, if the object to be detected is a solid, a micro-flow channel is not needed, the solid can be placed in the testing area, in order to improve the testing sensitivity of the block-shaped solid, a layer of liquid glue is specially loaded in the testing area and the reference area, the air gap between the solid to be detected and the testing device can be effectively reduced, and the liquid glue has no influence on the testing result.
Compared with the traditional transmission line testing method, the limit of the traditional transmission line testing method can be broken through by introducing a frequency division technology, the volume of a tested object can be greatly reduced, only 120 nanoliters are needed, and meanwhile, the measurement limit can be greatly improved. In addition, the invention can also be used for measuring other microfluids, and can also be used for testing corrosive solutions due to the gold plating treatment.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications of the embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features are possible; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A dielectric characteristic detection device of an electrically small-sized sample based on a frequency division technology is characterized in that the dielectric characteristic detection device is a two-port network and has a symmetrical structure and specifically comprises a bottom metal layer, a middle dielectric layer and an upper metal strip;
the upper-layer metal strip comprises two microstrip Wilkinson power dividers which are symmetrically arranged, two multi-ring split resonant rings and two branches which are connected with output ports of the two microstrip Wilkinson power dividers;
one of the two branches is a transmission branch, and the other branch is a reference branch;
the opening of the multi-ring opening resonance ring is provided with a micro-fluid channel used for bearing a measured fluid, the micro-fluid channel has a transmission zero point when no load exists, and after a measured object is loaded, the symmetry is broken so as to generate two transmission zero points;
the multi-ring opening resonant ring comprises a resonant ring I, a resonant ring II, a resonant ring III and a resonant ring IV from outside to inside; the openings of the resonance ring I, the resonance ring II, the resonance ring III and the resonance ring IV have different sizes and are in the same direction;
the resonance ring I comprises a microstrip line I, two microstrip lines II with the same length, a microstrip line III and an opening;
the microstrip line I is connected with the two microstrip lines II in a right-angle U shape;
the sum of the lengths of the two microstrip lines III and the length of the opening is equal to the length of the microstrip line I;
the microstrip line I and the microstrip line II have different lengths;
the resonance ring II, the resonance ring III and the resonance ring IV are all the same as the resonance ring I in layout;
the microstrip Wilkinson power divider comprises an input port, two in-phase output ports and a T-shaped junction for connecting the input port and the output port;
an isolation resistor for preventing mutual crosstalk of two paths of signals is loaded between two output ports of the microstrip type Wilkinson power divider;
two multi-ring open resonant rings are symmetrically connected to the middle position of the two branches through a short microstrip line;
the microstrip line I, the microstrip line II and the microstrip line III are equal in width;
the spacing between two micro-strips which are adjacent left and right and adjacent up and down in the resonance ring I, the resonance ring II, the resonance ring III and the resonance ring IV is equal and is d;
the circumference of the resonance ring II is 8d smaller than that of the resonance ring I, and the circumferences of the resonance ring III and the resonance ring IV are 8d and 16d smaller than that of the resonance ring II respectively;
the microfluidic channel is formed by covering the bottom metal layer with dimethyl siloxane, but leaving the complementary openings uncovered to facilitate loading of electrically small-sized samples.
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| CN112255465B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2024-05-28 | 河南师范大学 | Multi-frequency near-zero transmission sensor based on ear-shaped resonator and detection method |
| CN112763808B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-05-27 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Active microwave sensor based on microstrip complementary open-loop resonator structure |
| CN113607786A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-05 | 洛阳师范学院 | On-chip near-zero transmission type sensor based on aggregation effect and detection method |
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