CN110470253A - Method for measuring thickness, device, electronic equipment and storage medium based on ultrasound - Google Patents
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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Abstract
This application discloses a kind of method for measuring thickness, device, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium based on ultrasound, which includes: the sampled data for obtaining the ultrasound echo signal of object reflection to be measured；The first sampled data section an of echo-signal is extracted from sampled data, and extracts the second sampled data section of preset quantity second trip echo signal；Calculate separately the related coefficient of each second sampled data section Yu the first sampled data section；It calculates the corresponding second sampled data section of related coefficient maximum value and the sampling time of the first sampled data section is poor；The thickness of object to be measured is calculated according to sampling time difference.The application has accurately determined the extraction initial position of the sampled data of second trip echo signal using analysis to signal degree of correlation, poor with the sampling time of an echo-signal so as to accurately calculate, and then effective guarantee is to the thickness measure precision of object to be measured.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of ultrasonic testing technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for measuring thickness based on ultrasonic waves, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium.
Background
The ultrasonic wave is a sound wave with the frequency higher than 20000 hertz, has excellent performances of good directivity, strong penetrating power, long propagation distance in water and the like, and is widely used in the fields of distance measurement, speed measurement, cleaning, welding, stone breaking, sterilization and disinfection and the like.
Some ultrasonic-based measuring devices are widely used to precisely measure the thickness of an object using the good penetration ability of ultrasonic waves. However, with the progress of technology, the accuracy requirement of people for thickness measurement is continuously improved, and the traditional ultrasonic-based thickness measurement method cannot meet the current requirements of human beings gradually. In view of the above, it is an important need for those skilled in the art to provide a solution to the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a thickness measuring method and device based on ultrasonic waves, electronic equipment and a computer readable storage medium, so that the measuring precision is effectively improved.
In order to solve the above technical problem, in a first aspect, the present application discloses a thickness measuring method based on ultrasonic waves, including:
acquiring sampling data of an ultrasonic echo signal reflected by an object to be detected;
extracting a first sampling data segment of the primary echo signals from the sampling data, and extracting a second sampling data segment of a preset number of secondary echo signals;
calculating the correlation coefficient of each second sampling data segment and the first sampling data segment respectively;
calculating the sampling time difference between the second sampling data segment corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient and the first sampling data segment;
and calculating the thickness of the object to be detected according to the sampling time difference.
Optionally, before the calculating a sampling time difference between the second sampled data segment corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient and the first sampled data segment, the method further includes:
interpolating the sequence of correlation coefficients;
and determining the maximum value of the interpolated sequence as the maximum value of the correlation coefficient.
Optionally, the interpolating the series of correlation coefficients includes:
lagrangian interpolation is performed on the series of correlation coefficients.
Optionally, the extracting a second sampling data segment of a preset number of secondary echo signals includes:
and gradually stepping and adjusting the start-stop position of the data to extract the second sampling data segment of the preset number of secondary echo signals.
Optionally, the calculating the correlation coefficient of each of the second sampled data segments and the first sampled data segment respectively includes:
respectively calculating the correlation coefficient of each second sampling data segment and the first sampling data segment according to a preset correlation formula, wherein the preset correlation formula is as follows:
wherein ρ is a correlation coefficient; [ x ] of1(i)]Is a first sampled data segment; [ x ] of2(i)]Is a second sampled data segment; n is [ x ]1(i)]And [ x ]2(i)]The data length of (c).
Optionally, the calculating the thickness of the object to be measured according to the sampling time difference includes:
calculating the thickness of the object to be measured according to a preset thickness formula, wherein the preset thickness formula is as follows:
wherein d is the thickness; v is the ultrasonic propagation velocity; Δ T is the sampling time difference.
In a second aspect, the present application also discloses an ultrasonic-based thickness measuring device, comprising:
the sampling module is used for acquiring sampling data of the ultrasonic echo signal reflected by the object to be detected;
the extraction module is used for extracting a first sampling data segment of the primary echo signals from the sampling data and extracting a second sampling data segment of a preset number of secondary echo signals;
the first calculation module is used for respectively calculating the correlation coefficient of each second sampling data segment and the first sampling data segment;
the second calculation module is used for calculating the sampling time difference of the second sampling data segment corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient and the first sampling data segment; and calculating the thickness of the object to be detected according to the sampling time difference.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
and the interpolation module is used for interpolating the number series of the correlation coefficients and determining the maximum value of the number series after interpolation as the maximum value of the correlation coefficients.
In a third aspect, the present application also discloses an electronic device, including:
a memory for storing a computer program;
a processor for executing the computer program to implement the steps of any of the ultrasonic-based thickness measurement methods described above.
In a fourth aspect, the present application also discloses a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for implementing the steps of any of the ultrasonic-based thickness measurement methods described above when executed by a processor.
The thickness measuring method based on ultrasonic waves comprises the following steps: acquiring sampling data of an ultrasonic echo signal reflected by an object to be detected; extracting a first sampling data segment of the primary echo signals from the sampling data, and extracting a second sampling data segment of a preset number of secondary echo signals; calculating the correlation coefficient of each second sampling data segment and the first sampling data segment respectively; calculating the sampling time difference between the second sampling data segment corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient and the first sampling data segment; and calculating the thickness of the object to be detected according to the sampling time difference.
Therefore, the method and the device accurately determine the extraction initial position of the sampling data of the secondary echo signal by analyzing the signal correlation degree, so that the sampling time difference between the sampling data and the primary echo signal can be accurately calculated, and the thickness measurement precision of the object to be measured is effectively guaranteed. The ultrasonic-based thickness measuring device, the electronic device and the computer-readable storage medium provided by the application also have the beneficial effects.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the prior art and the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed to be used in the description of the prior art and the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below. Of course, the following description of the drawings related to the embodiments of the present application is only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the provided drawings without any creative effort, and the obtained other drawings also belong to the protection scope of the present application.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an ultrasonic-based thickness measurement method disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic-based thickness measurement method disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an interpolation disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of an ultrasonic-based thickness measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The core of the application is to provide a thickness measuring method, a thickness measuring device, electronic equipment and a computer readable storage medium based on ultrasonic waves, so that the measuring precision is effectively improved.
In order to more clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Currently, ultrasonic waves are used for precision measurement of the thickness of an object, such as a tin-plated layer on a circuit board, due to their good penetration ability. However, with the progress of technology, the accuracy requirement of people for thickness measurement is continuously improved, and the traditional ultrasonic-based thickness measurement method cannot meet the requirements of human beings gradually. In view of this, the present application provides a thickness measuring method based on ultrasonic waves, which can effectively solve the above problems.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application discloses a thickness measurement method based on ultrasonic waves, which mainly includes:
s11: and acquiring sampling data of the ultrasonic echo signal reflected by the object to be detected.
When the ultrasonic wave is used for measuring the thickness of the object to be measured, the ultrasonic wave probe can be used for transmitting the ultrasonic wave to the object to be measured, and the ultrasonic wave probe is used for receiving the ultrasonic echo signal reflected by the object to be measured. Because the object to be measured has a certain thickness, the ultrasonic waves respectively generate primary reflection at the front interface and the rear interface of the object to be measured, and the acquired ultrasonic echo signals comprise primary echo signals corresponding to the primary reflection and secondary echo signals corresponding to the secondary reflection.
S12: and extracting a first sampling data segment of the primary echo signals from the sampling data, and extracting a second sampling data segment of a preset number of secondary echo signals.
Since the primary echo signal and the secondary echo signal occur at different moments and the time difference between the two occurs depends on the thickness of the object to be measured, the thickness can be detected by determining the time difference between the primary echo signal and the secondary echo signal.
Since the echo signal has a certain duration, this duration causes an error in the determination of the time difference in the prior art. However, although the primary echo signal and the secondary echo signal both have a certain duration, the waveform change processes of the primary echo signal and the secondary echo signal are the same, that is, the sample data segments of the primary echo signal and the secondary echo signal have a very high similarity. Therefore, in order to improve the detection accuracy, the embodiment of the present application precisely determines the time difference between the primary echo signal and the secondary echo signal based on the similarity calculation.
Specifically, after a first sampling data segment of a primary echo signal is extracted from sampling data, in view of the fact that the extraction start position of a second sampling data segment most similar to the first sampling data segment is not yet clear, the present application acquires a preset number of second sampling data segments of a secondary echo signal by multiple extraction. The preset number may be denoted by r.
The data length of the first sample data segment may be set by a person skilled in the art, and is not represented by n. The extraction start position of the first sampled-data segment may be determined by a thresholding method. Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic-based thickness measurement method disclosed in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 2, since the echo signal is an oscillation signal, a position where the threshold line and the sampling data first intersect may be set as an extraction start position of the first sampling data. The threshold value range of the threshold value line is preferably between the second highest peak value and the highest peak value of the first echo signal. For example, the extraction start position of the first sample data segment shown in fig. 2 is about the 561 th sample data.
As a specific example, the data start-stop position may be adjusted by successive steps to extract the second sampling data segment of the preset number of secondary echo signals. The step length can be set by a person skilled in the art, for example, if the step length is 2, then the next extraction is started by skipping 2 sample data at a time: the second sampling data segment is extracted from 1790 data for the first time, and the second sampling data end is extracted from 1792 data for the second time.
It should be noted that, because the correlation coefficient between each second sample data segment and the first sample data segment is calculated, the data length of each second sample data segment needs to be consistent with that of the first sample data segment.
S13: and respectively calculating the correlation coefficient of each second sampling data segment and the first sampling data segment.
Specifically, if the number of the second sample data segments is r, the number of the obtained correlation coefficients is also r. As a specific embodiment, the correlation coefficients of the second sample data segments and the first sample data segments may be respectively calculated according to a preset correlation formula, where the preset correlation formula may specifically be:
wherein ρ is a correlation coefficient; [ x ] of1(i)]Is a first sampled data segment; [ x ] of2(i)]Is a second sampled data segment; n is [ x ]1(i)]And [ x ]2(i)]The data length of (c).
Specifically, the preset correlation formula adopted in the present embodiment is specifically established on the basis of correlation analysis of two signals. Assuming that the two signals are x (t) and y (t + tau), respectively, if the two signals are similar, the two signals are storedAt a coefficient axySatisfies the condition x (t) ═ axyy(t+τ)+xe(t)，xeAnd (t) is an error signal.
When x (t) and y (t + τ) are most similar, the minimum mean square error of the twoThe minimum value should be taken. Thereby, according toCan be obtained whenTime minimum mean square errorTaking a minimum value, specifically
After normalization, the following results are obtained:
wherein,
after discretization, the method becomes:
when | ρ | ═ 1, y (t + τ) is a linear representation of x (t); when | ρ | ═ o, y (t + τ) is uncorrelated with x (t). The closer | ρ | is to 1, the more closely the correlation between y (t + τ) and x (t) is.
S14: and calculating the sampling time difference between the second sampling data segment corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient and the first sampling data segment.
And comparing the r correlation coefficients to determine the maximum value, wherein the second sampling data segment corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient is the most relevant data segment with the first sampling data segment. Specifically, if the sampling frequency is f and the sampling step length of the second sampling data segment corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient and the first sampling data segment is s, the sampling time difference Δ T is: and delta T is s/f.
For example, if the extraction start position of the first sample data segment is 561 th sample data, and the extraction start position of the second sample data segment corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient is 1790 th data, the sampling step s of the two is 1790 and 561 is 1229.
S15: and calculating the thickness of the object to be measured according to the sampling time difference.
Because the secondary echo signal and the primary echo signal have a stroke difference, in this embodiment, when the thickness of the object to be measured is calculated according to the sampling time difference, the method specifically includes calculating the thickness of the object to be measured according to a preset thickness formula, where the preset thickness formula specifically is:
wherein d is the thickness; v is the ultrasonic propagation velocity; Δ T is the sampling time difference.
The thickness measuring method based on the ultrasonic waves comprises the following steps: acquiring sampling data of an ultrasonic echo signal reflected by an object to be detected; extracting a first sampling data segment of the primary echo signals from the sampling data, and extracting a second sampling data segment of a preset number of secondary echo signals; calculating the correlation coefficient of each second sampling data segment and the first sampling data segment respectively; calculating the sampling time difference between the second sampling data segment corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient and the first sampling data segment; and calculating the thickness of the object to be measured according to the sampling time difference.
Therefore, the method and the device accurately determine the extraction initial position of the sampling data of the secondary echo signal by analyzing the signal correlation degree, so that the sampling time difference between the sampling data and the primary echo signal can be accurately calculated, and the thickness measurement precision of the object to be measured is effectively guaranteed.
On the basis of the above, as a specific embodiment, in the ultrasonic-based thickness measurement method provided in the embodiment of the present application, before calculating the sampling time difference between the second sampling data segment corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient and the first sampling data segment, the method further includes:
interpolating the sequence of correlation coefficients;
and determining the maximum value of the interpolated sequence as the maximum value of the correlation coefficient.
Specifically, since the sampled data is discrete and discontinuous, in order to further improve the accuracy of the maximum value of the correlation coefficient, the size comparison is specifically performed after r correlation coefficients are interpolated. Wherein, furthermore, lagrangian interpolation can be specifically performed on the sequence of correlation coefficients. The lagrange interpolation polynomial is:
wherein, a1,a2,…,am+1Are numbers different from each other, b1,b2…,bm+1A number that is not all zero.
Particularly, when the sampling frequency is in the MHz level, m is 3, and a more ideal interpolation effect can be obtained, that is, 3 data are inserted between every two adjacent correlation coefficients originally calculated, which can be specifically seen in fig. 3.
Therefore, the number of the correlation coefficients is expanded from r before interpolation to (4r-3) after interpolation, which is equivalent to increase the sampling frequency, namely, the step length difference between two sampling data segments is further subdivided, so that the measurement accuracy can be effectively improved, and the current industrial measurement requirement is met.
The interpolation polynomial is specifically:
wherein R islIs the step difference l, p between two sampled data segmentsmAnd represents the corresponding correlation coefficient when the step difference is l.
The dots in fig. 3 represent the original calculated r correlation coefficients, and the dots represent the theoretical data points interpolated according to the interpolation polynomial. As shown in fig. 3, by inserting 3 theoretical values between every two correlation coefficients, the curve of the correlation coefficients can be made smoother, and thus more accurate peak positions of the correlation coefficients can be obtained. The change trend of the original curve is not changed, and the original curve is smoother and the position of the peak value is more definite.
Referring to fig. 4, an embodiment of the present application discloses an ultrasonic-based thickness measurement apparatus, which mainly includes:
the sampling module 41 is configured to acquire sampling data of an ultrasonic echo signal reflected by an object to be detected;
the extraction module 42 is configured to extract a first sampling data segment of the primary echo signal from the sampling data, and extract a second sampling data segment of a preset number of secondary echo signals;
a first calculating module 43, configured to calculate correlation coefficients of the second sample data segments and the first sample data segments, respectively;
the second calculating module 44 is configured to calculate a sampling time difference between the second sampled data segment corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient and the first sampled data segment; and calculating the thickness of the object to be measured according to the sampling time difference.
Therefore, the ultrasonic-based thickness measuring device disclosed by the embodiment of the application can accurately determine the extraction initial position of the sampling data of the secondary echo signal by analyzing the signal correlation degree, so that the sampling time difference between the sampling data and the primary echo signal can be accurately calculated, and the thickness measuring precision of an object to be measured is effectively guaranteed.
For the details of the ultrasonic-based thickness measuring apparatus, reference may be made to the detailed description of the ultrasonic-based thickness measuring method, and the detailed description thereof is omitted here.
On the basis of the above, in a specific implementation manner, the ultrasonic-based thickness measuring apparatus disclosed in the embodiment of the present application further includes:
the interpolation module is used for interpolating the sequence of the correlation coefficient before calculating the sampling time difference between the second sampling data segment corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient and the first sampling data segment; and determining the maximum value of the interpolated sequence as the maximum value of the correlation coefficient.
Further, the interpolation module is specifically configured to: lagrangian interpolation is performed on the series of correlation coefficients.
Based on the above, in an embodiment of the ultrasonic-based thickness measuring apparatus disclosed in the embodiment of the present application, the extracting module 42 is specifically configured to: and gradually stepping and adjusting the start-stop position of the data to extract second sampling data segments of a preset number of secondary echo signals.
Based on the above, in an embodiment of the ultrasonic-based thickness measuring apparatus disclosed in the embodiment of the present application, the first calculating module 43 is specifically configured to: and respectively calculating the correlation coefficient of each second sampling data segment and the first sampling data segment according to a preset correlation formula, wherein the preset correlation formula is as follows:
wherein ρ is a correlation coefficient; [ x ] of1(i)]Is a first sampled data segment; [ x ] of2(i)]Is a second sampled data segment; n is [ x ]1(i)]And [ x ]2(i)]The data length of (c).
Based on the above, in an embodiment of the ultrasonic-based thickness measuring apparatus disclosed in the embodiment of the present application, the second calculating module 44 is specifically configured to: calculating the thickness of the object to be measured according to a preset thickness formula, wherein the preset thickness formula is as follows:
wherein d is the thickness; v is the ultrasonic propagation velocity; Δ T is the sampling time difference.
Referring to fig. 5, an embodiment of the present application discloses an electronic device, including:
a memory 51 for storing a computer program;
a processor 52 for executing the computer program to implement the steps of any of the ultrasonic-based thickness measurement methods described above.
Further, the present application discloses a computer readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, and the computer program is used for implementing the steps of any one of the ultrasonic-based thickness measurement methods described above when being executed by a processor.
For details of the electronic device and the computer-readable storage medium, reference may be made to the foregoing detailed description of the ultrasonic-based thickness measurement method, and details thereof will not be repeated here.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the equipment disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the equipment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part for description.
It is further noted that, throughout this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The technical solutions provided by the present application are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present application are explained herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core idea of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present application, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present application, and these improvements and modifications also fall into the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrasonic-based thickness measurement method, comprising:
acquiring sampling data of an ultrasonic echo signal reflected by an object to be detected;
extracting a first sampling data segment of the primary echo signals from the sampling data, and extracting a second sampling data segment of a preset number of secondary echo signals;
calculating the correlation coefficient of each second sampling data segment and the first sampling data segment respectively;
calculating the sampling time difference between the second sampling data segment corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient and the first sampling data segment;
and calculating the thickness of the object to be detected according to the sampling time difference.
2. The thickness measuring method according to claim 1, further comprising, before the calculating a sampling time difference between the second sampled data segment corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient and the first sampled data segment:
interpolating the sequence of correlation coefficients;
and determining the maximum value of the interpolated sequence as the maximum value of the correlation coefficient.
3. The thickness measurement method of claim 2, wherein the interpolating the series of correlation coefficients comprises:
lagrangian interpolation is performed on the series of correlation coefficients.
4. The thickness measurement method according to claim 1, wherein the extracting of the second sampled data segment of the preset number of secondary echo signals comprises:
and gradually stepping and adjusting the start-stop position of the data to extract the second sampling data segment of the preset number of secondary echo signals.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said separately calculating a correlation coefficient for each of said second sampled data segments with said first sampled data segment comprises:
respectively calculating the correlation coefficient of each second sampling data segment and the first sampling data segment according to a preset correlation formula, wherein the preset correlation formula is as follows:
wherein ρ is a correlation coefficient; [ x ] of1(i)]Is a first sampled data segment; [ x ] of2(i)]Is a second sampled data segment; n is [ x ]1(i)]And [ x ]2(i)]The data length of (c).
6. The thickness measurement method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the calculating the thickness of the object to be measured from the sampling time difference includes:
calculating the thickness of the object to be measured according to a preset thickness formula, wherein the preset thickness formula is as follows:
wherein d is the thickness; v is the ultrasonic propagation velocity; Δ T is the sampling time difference.
7. An ultrasonic-based thickness measuring device, comprising:
the sampling module is used for acquiring sampling data of the ultrasonic echo signal reflected by the object to be detected;
the extraction module is used for extracting a first sampling data segment of the primary echo signals from the sampling data and extracting a second sampling data segment of a preset number of secondary echo signals;
the first calculation module is used for respectively calculating the correlation coefficient of each second sampling data segment and the first sampling data segment;
the second calculation module is used for calculating the sampling time difference of the second sampling data segment corresponding to the maximum value of the correlation coefficient and the first sampling data segment; and calculating the thickness of the object to be detected according to the sampling time difference.
8. The thickness measurement device of claim 7, further comprising:
and the interpolation module is used for interpolating the number series of the correlation coefficients and determining the maximum value of the number series after interpolation as the maximum value of the correlation coefficients.
9. An electronic device, comprising:
a memory for storing a computer program;
a processor for executing the computer program to carry out the steps of the ultrasonic-based thickness measurement method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, is adapted to carry out the steps of the ultrasonic-based thickness measurement method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN111854654B (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2022-08-26 | 长安大学 | Method for monitoring lake ice thickness based on satellite height measurement echo waveform |
| CN112433217A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-02 | 广州市东儒电子科技有限公司 | Object thickness measuring method, device, system, equipment and medium based on ultrasonic waves |
| CN112433217B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2024-05-14 | 广州市东儒电子科技有限公司 | Object thickness measuring method, device, system, equipment and medium based on ultrasonic wave |
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