CN110469388A - A kind of cartridge type compact mixer for diesel engine vent gas processing - Google Patents
A kind of cartridge type compact mixer for diesel engine vent gas processing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110469388A CN110469388A CN201910792420.0A CN201910792420A CN110469388A CN 110469388 A CN110469388 A CN 110469388A CN 201910792420 A CN201910792420 A CN 201910792420A CN 110469388 A CN110469388 A CN 110469388A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- outer housing
- mixing tube
- cavity
- baffle
- diesel engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cartridge type compact mixers for diesel engine vent gas processing, it includes outer housing and is set to the mixing tube arranged in outer housing and along its length, mutual disconnected first cavity and the second cavity are divided by several block baffles in outer housing, one end on outer housing positioned at the first cavity is provided with nozzle mounting base and exhaust gas inlet, mixing tube both ends open and one end are connected in nozzle mounting base, and mixing tube passes through the first cavity and extends in the second cavity, the intracorporal mixing tube of first chamber is provided with several swirl vanes, mixing tube protrudes into the intracorporal one end of the second chamber and is internally provided with steel wire for enhancing the broken of urea and decomposing.Above-mentioned mixer is provided with steel wire in mixing tube, effectively eliminates urea crystals and the low problem of carrier transformation efficiency.It is not only simple in structure, it is ingenious in design;And it is easy to process, processing cost is low, is more suitable for industrial application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to diesel engine vent gas post-processing technologies, more particularly, to a kind of cartridge type for diesel engine vent gas processing
Compact mixer.
Background technique
Refer to installation for selective catalytic conversion system of diesel engine SCR (Selective Catalyst Reduction)
In diesel engine automobile air exhausting system, the NOx in diesel emission is catalysed and reduced into the catalytic reduction device of N2 and O2, selection urine
Plain aqueous solution is as reducing agent.Aqueous solution of urea is ejected into the exhaust pipe of catalyst upstream, in the work of exhaust gas temperature and air-flow
CO is produced as with lower hydrolysis2And NOx is reduced into free of contamination nitrogen and water as reducing agent by ammonia, ammonia.
Mixer is the essential important component of SCR system, is used for NH3With the mixing of exhaust gas, and the pass of SCR system
Key technology is NH3With the mixing uniformity of exhaust gas, currently, it is existing for diesel engine vent gas post-processing mixer urea
Bottom hemispheric blanking cover is flowed through under air velocity effect after mixing with exhaust gas, into inside and outside layer cavity, but due to air velocity
The factors such as not enough or urea injecting quantity is excessive, spherical blanking cover bottom urea crystals easy to form.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cartridge type compact mixers for diesel engine vent gas processing, existing to solve
With the presence of technology for diesel engine vent gas post-processing mixer easily spherical blanking cover bottom formation urea crystals the problem of.
To achieve this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of cartridge type compact mixer for diesel engine vent gas processing comprising outer housing and be set in outer housing
And the mixing tube arranged along its length, the outer housing is interior to be divided into mutual disconnected first cavity by several block baffles
With the second cavity, one end that the first cavity is located on the outer housing is provided with nozzle mounting base and exhaust gas inlet, the mixing
Pipe both ends open and one end are connected in nozzle mounting base, and the mixing tube passes through the first cavity and extends to the second cavity
It is interior, the intracorporal mixing tube of the first chamber is provided with several swirl vanes, the mixing tube protrudes into the intracorporal one end of the second chamber
It is internally provided with the steel wire for enhancing the broken of urea and decomposing.
Particularly, the steel wire diameter of the steel wire are as follows: the ㎜ of 0.1 ㎜~0.3, weight per cubic centimeter are as follows: 0.3g~
0.5g。
Particularly, it is provided with first baffle, second baffle and third baffle in the outer housing, the one of the first baffle
End is fixedly welded on one end that nozzle mounting base is arranged on outer housing, and the other end connects second baffle, the second baffle welding
It is fixed on except the mixing tube, one end of the third baffle connects second baffle, and the other end is fixedly welded on outer housing phase
For the other end of nozzle mounting base is arranged.
Particularly, the both ends of the outer housing are welded with connecting flange.
Particularly, the both ends of the outer housing are provided with blimp, between the blimp and outer housing filled with every
Sound cotton.
Particularly, it is provided with silk screen supporting element in the mixing tube, is positioned at steel wire by silk screen supporting element described
In mixing tube.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are that the cartridge type compact for diesel engine vent gas processing is mixed compared with prior art
Clutch is provided with steel wire, the distinctive fine mesh structure feature of steel wire in mixing tube, so that urea is crushed discomposing effect
Enhanced, effectively eliminates urea crystals and the low problem of carrier transformation efficiency.It is not only simple in structure, it is ingenious in design;And
Easy to process, processing cost is low, is more suitable for industrial application.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the knot for the cartridge type compact mixer for diesel engine vent gas processing that the specific embodiment of the invention provides
Structure schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
To further illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, a more comprehensive description of the invention is given in the following sections with reference to the relevant attached drawings.In attached drawing
Give presently preferred embodiments of the present invention.But the invention can be realized in many different forms, however it is not limited to this paper institute
The embodiment of description.On the contrary, purpose of providing these embodiments is makes to the more thorough of the disclosure understanding
Comprehensively.It should be noted that be referred to as " being fixed on " another component when component, it can directly on the other part or
There may also be components placed in the middle.When a component is considered as " connection " another component, it can be directly to separately
One component may be simultaneously present component placed in the middle.Term as used herein "vertical", "horizontal", "left" and "right"
And similar statement is for illustrative purposes only, is not meant to be the only embodiment.Unless otherwise defined, this paper institute
All technical and scientific terms used have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Term as used herein in the specification of the present invention, which is only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, to be not intended to
The limitation present invention.Term " and or " used herein includes the arbitrary and all of one or more relevant listed items
Combination.
Refering to Figure 1, Fig. 1 is that the cartridge type for diesel engine vent gas processing that the specific embodiment of the invention provides is tight
Gather the structural schematic diagram of type mixer.
In the present embodiment, it is a kind of for diesel engine vent gas processing cartridge type compact mixer include outer housing 1 and setting
In being provided with first baffle 3, second baffle 4 and in the mixing tube 2 arranged in outer housing 1 and along its length, outer housing 1
Three baffles 5, upstream end 6 of the one end of outer housing 1 as exhaust gas and urea liquid, the other end is as the mixed outlet side of the two
7, one end of first baffle 3 is fixedly welded on the upstream end 6 of outer housing 1, and the other end connects second baffle 4, opens on second baffle 4
Equipped with centre bore, mixing tube 2 passes through centre bore and is fixedly welded in second baffle 4, and one end of third baffle 5 connects second baffle
4, the other end is fixedly welded on the outlet side 7 of outer housing 1, and the inner cavity of outer housing 1 is divided into mutually disconnected the by three baffles
One cavity 8 and the second cavity 9, upstream end 6 are connected with the first cavity 8, and the second cavity 9 is connected with outlet side 7.
Upstream end 6 is provided with nozzle mounting base 10 and exhaust gas inlet 11, and urea nozzle, exhaust gas are installed in nozzle mounting base 10
Import 11 connects Diesel Engine Exhaust Pipe, 2 both ends open of mixing tube and one end is connected in nozzle mounting base 10, and the other end passes through the
One cavity 8 simultaneously extends in the second cavity 9, offers a circle whirl hole, whirl hole on the mixing tube 2 in the first cavity 8
On be provided with swirl vane 12, one end that mixing tube 2 protrudes into the second cavity 9 is internally provided with for enhancing the broken of urea
With the steel wire 13 of decomposition, steel wire 13 is positioned by silk screen supporting element 14, the steel wire diameter of steel wire are as follows: 0.2 ㎜, often
The weight of cubic centimetre are as follows: 0.4g.
The connecting flange 15 that the both ends of outer housing 1 are welded with convenient for the installation of entire mixer, the both ends of outer housing 1
It is provided with blimp 16, sound-proof material is filled between blimp 16 and outer housing.
When work, exhaust gas enters in the first cavity 8 through exhaust gas inlet 11 and is flowed into mixing tube 2 by swirl vane 12,
It being mixed with the urea that urea nozzle ejects, mixed gas-liquid mixture enters steel wire 13 under fluid velocity effect, into
The further broken decomposition of row, flows out mixer finally by steel wire 13.
Note that the above is only a better embodiment of the present invention and the applied technical principle.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, be able to carry out for a person skilled in the art it is various it is apparent variation,
It readjusts and substitutes without departing from protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, although being carried out by above embodiments to the present invention
It is described in further detail, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments only, without departing from the inventive concept, also
It may include more other equivalent embodiments, and the scope of the invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of cartridge type compact mixer for diesel engine vent gas processing comprising outer housing and be set in outer housing and
The mixing tube arranged along its length, which is characterized in that be divided into the outer housing by several block baffles and be not connected to mutually
The first cavity and the second cavity, be located on the outer housing the first cavity one end be provided with nozzle mounting base and exhaust gas into
Mouthful, the mixing tube both ends open and one end is connected in nozzle mounting base, and the mixing tube passes through the first cavity and prolongs
It extends in the second cavity, the intracorporal mixing tube of the first chamber is provided with several swirl vanes, the mixing tube protrudes into second
The intracorporal one end of chamber is internally provided with the steel wire for enhancing the broken of urea and decomposing.
2. the cartridge type compact mixer according to claim 1 for diesel engine vent gas processing, which is characterized in that described
The steel wire diameter of steel wire are as follows: the ㎜ of 0.1 ㎜~0.3, weight per cubic centimeter are as follows: 0.3g~0.5g.
3. the cartridge type compact mixer according to claim 1 or 2 for diesel engine vent gas processing, which is characterized in that
First baffle, second baffle and third baffle are provided in the outer housing, one end of the first baffle is fixedly welded on outer
One end of nozzle mounting base is set on shell, and the other end connects second baffle, and the second baffle is fixedly welded on the mixing
Except pipe, one end of the third baffle connects second baffle, and the other end is fixedly welded on outer housing pacifies relative to setting nozzle
Fill the other end of seat.
4. the cartridge type compact mixer according to claim 1 for diesel engine vent gas processing, which is characterized in that described
The both ends of outer housing are welded with connecting flange.
5. the cartridge type compact mixer according to claim 1 for diesel engine vent gas processing, which is characterized in that described
The both ends of outer housing are provided with blimp, and sound-proof material is filled between the blimp and outer housing.
6. the cartridge type compact mixer according to claim 1 for diesel engine vent gas processing, which is characterized in that described
It is provided with silk screen supporting element in mixing tube, steel wire is positioned in the mixing tube by silk screen supporting element.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201910792420.0A CN110469388B (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2019-08-26 | A cylinder compact blender for diesel engine tail gas treatment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201910792420.0A CN110469388B (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2019-08-26 | A cylinder compact blender for diesel engine tail gas treatment |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN110469388A true CN110469388A (en) | 2019-11-19 |
CN110469388B CN110469388B (en) | 2024-07-19 |
Family
ID=68513697
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201910792420.0A Active CN110469388B (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2019-08-26 | A cylinder compact blender for diesel engine tail gas treatment |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN110469388B (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111237036A (en) * | 2020-03-28 | 2020-06-05 | 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 | Shunting rotating urea mixing device |
CN111350575A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-06-30 | 郑州精益达环保科技有限公司 | Tightly coupled post processor of national six diesel engine |
CN112127972A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-12-25 | 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 | Novel silk cup structure SCR system mixer |
CN114961930A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-08-30 | 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 | High-efficient hybrid piping installation |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017215458A1 (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2017-12-21 | 天纳克(苏州)排放系统有限公司 | Exhaust gas postprocessing apparatus |
CN108194179A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-06-22 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | A kind of post processing air inlet mixing arrangement |
CN109653849A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-19 | 凯龙高科技股份有限公司 | A kind of urea injection bimetallic tube mixer for diesel engine vent gas post-processing |
CN109653847A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-19 | 凯龙高科技股份有限公司 | A kind of urea liquid bimetallic tube mixer for SCR system |
CN210460814U (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2020-05-05 | 凯龙高科技股份有限公司 | A cylinder compact blender for diesel engine tail gas treatment |
-
2019
- 2019-08-26 CN CN201910792420.0A patent/CN110469388B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017215458A1 (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2017-12-21 | 天纳克(苏州)排放系统有限公司 | Exhaust gas postprocessing apparatus |
CN108194179A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-06-22 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | A kind of post processing air inlet mixing arrangement |
CN109653849A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-19 | 凯龙高科技股份有限公司 | A kind of urea injection bimetallic tube mixer for diesel engine vent gas post-processing |
CN109653847A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-19 | 凯龙高科技股份有限公司 | A kind of urea liquid bimetallic tube mixer for SCR system |
CN210460814U (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2020-05-05 | 凯龙高科技股份有限公司 | A cylinder compact blender for diesel engine tail gas treatment |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112127972A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-12-25 | 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 | Novel silk cup structure SCR system mixer |
CN111350575A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-06-30 | 郑州精益达环保科技有限公司 | Tightly coupled post processor of national six diesel engine |
CN111237036A (en) * | 2020-03-28 | 2020-06-05 | 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 | Shunting rotating urea mixing device |
CN114961930A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-08-30 | 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 | High-efficient hybrid piping installation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN110469388B (en) | 2024-07-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN110469388A (en) | A kind of cartridge type compact mixer for diesel engine vent gas processing | |
US7784273B2 (en) | Exhaust emission purifying apparatus for engine | |
CN102741517B (en) | Exhausted gas post-processing system | |
CN106437982B (en) | Axis goes out cartridge type post-processing assembly into axis | |
CN103334818B (en) | SCR catalytic muffler and mixing tube device thereof | |
CN106030063A (en) | Exhaust gas post treatment system | |
CN108397262A (en) | Light-duty diesel vehicle oblique cutting eddy flow mix aperture pipe post-processes encapsulating structure | |
CN209413969U (en) | A kind of urea liquid bimetallic tube mixer for SCR system | |
CN106640301A (en) | Tail gas post-treatment device | |
CN203452874U (en) | SCR catalyzing silencer and mixing tube device of SCR catalyzing silencer | |
JP5801472B2 (en) | Exhaust gas purification device | |
CN105041430A (en) | Integrated mixing system for exhaust aftertreatment system | |
CN109653847A (en) | A kind of urea liquid bimetallic tube mixer for SCR system | |
CN109653849A (en) | A kind of urea injection bimetallic tube mixer for diesel engine vent gas post-processing | |
CN102454455A (en) | Arrangement and method for treatment of exhaust gases | |
CN102966413A (en) | Nachbehandlungssystem | |
CN201581966U (en) | Combination structure of automobile tail gas catalytic reduction postprocessor | |
CN102410069A (en) | SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalytic conversion muffler | |
CN110359989A (en) | A kind of performance chamber mixer for diesel engine vent gas processing | |
CN208900168U (en) | A kind of DOC-DPF-SCR after-treatment device | |
CN201874642U (en) | SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyzing muffler | |
CN210460814U (en) | A cylinder compact blender for diesel engine tail gas treatment | |
CN204357536U (en) | A kind of exhaust treatment system | |
US8336295B2 (en) | Apparatus for reducing nitrogen oxide in exhaust pipe | |
CN104879198A (en) | SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) system and catalytic reaction unit thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |