CN110469333A - The driving method of small bore rocky tunnel - Google Patents
The driving method of small bore rocky tunnel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110469333A CN110469333A CN201910828344.4A CN201910828344A CN110469333A CN 110469333 A CN110469333 A CN 110469333A CN 201910828344 A CN201910828344 A CN 201910828344A CN 110469333 A CN110469333 A CN 110469333A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- hole
- expansion hole
- emptying aperture
- driving method
- tunnel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical group [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003832 thermite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000233633 Phytophthora drechsleri Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/08—Ventilation arrangements in connection with air ducts, e.g. arrangements for mounting ventilators
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of driving method of small bore rocky tunnel, construction procedure is as follows: a) preparation of construction: surveying design with carrying out, draws excavation contour line with red paint；B) cloth hole and drilling: emptying aperture and expansion hole are poured in excavated section subscript；Boring work is completed using drilling device；C) guard aperture: after drilling, emptying aperture and expansion hole inside and periphery landwaste are cleared up, and the opening of emptying aperture and expansion hole is blocked；D) powder charge: filling out combustion adjuvant, electrolyte solution and swelling agent along expansion hole, and opening is blocked closely knit；E) warning and broken rock；F) it discharges fume and removes the gred；G) supporting is set after the completion of slagging-off, and recycle and gradually tunnel.Using technical solution of the present invention, the fractured rock in such a way that quiet swollen effect is combined with machinery can be improved the driving speed of small area rocky tunnel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tunnelling fields, and in particular to a kind of driving method of small bore rocky tunnel.
Background technique
With the development of national urban construction, underground pipeline engineering is also more and more.The tunnel sectional area of this kind of engineering compared with
Small (generally less than 50 ㎡), on cover that thickness is small, ambient enviroment is complicated.
When encountering rocky tunnel, due to many geotechnical engineering machinery because insufficient space is difficult to apply, often tunneled with rock drilling
For main construction means, drivage efficiency is very low, becomes the principal element for delaying the duration.According to micro- vibration blasting technique,
It is difficult to reach the safety requirements of structures around and facility.And using the method for splitting machine broken rock, due to small bore rock matter tunnel
The clamping action of road country rock is larger, and effect is also undesirable.
For above-mentioned engineering problem, it is necessary to carry out corresponding technical research, be the quick of city small bore rocky tunnel
A kind of new technical method is explored in construction.
Summary of the invention
To solve in the prior art, the slower problem of the method driving speed of small bore rocky tunnel；The present invention provides
A kind of driving method of small bore rocky tunnel；The fractured rock in such a way that quiet swollen effect is combined with machinery, can be improved
The driving speed of small area rocky tunnel.
To achieve the above object, the application adopts the technical scheme that:
A kind of driving method of small bore rocky tunnel, construction procedure are as follows:
A) it preparation of construction: surveys design with carrying out, to hydrogeologic condition detailed survey, designs the face in tunnel, use red paint
Draw excavation contour line；
B) cloth hole and drilling: being poured in emptying aperture in excavated section subscript, and using emptying aperture as the center of circle, swollen around emptying aperture arrangement multi-turn
Swollen hole；Boring work is completed using drilling device；
C) guard aperture: after drilling, clearing up inside emptying aperture and expansion hole and periphery landwaste, and by emptying aperture and expansion hole
Opening blocks, and landwaste is avoided to fall into；
D) powder charge: along expansion hole radial direction, combustion adjuvant, electrolyte solution and swelling agent successively is filled out by layer from inside to outside, is used in combination
Clay blocks expansion hole opening closely knit；Wherein, ignition is enclosed in combustion adjuvant；Ignition is connected with its opening and closing
Remote controler；
E) warning and broken rock: tunnel near zone is checked comprehensively before broken rock, withdraws the owner near tunnel
Member and equipment；And ignition is opened using remote control device；
F) it discharges fume and removes the gred: in broken rock 5~after ten minutes, opening ventilation blower smoke evacuation；It discharges fume after half an hour, measurement exports
After air quality is qualified, remove the gred；
G) supporting: being arranged supporting after the completion of slagging-off, with the gap of fine sand filling and support part；Place cleaning again, and follow
Ring gradually tunnels.
Using technical solution of the present invention, the emptying aperture opened up can increase the intracorporal scope of freedom of rock, and increase rock mass faces sky
Face can improve the intracorporal stress of rock, be conducive to the broken rock under quiet swollen effect.In addition, stress can occur in the presence of emptying aperture
Concentration phenomenon plays guiding role to the extension of rock mass internal fissure, is conducive to rock crushing.Utilize quiet swollen effect and mechanical phase
In conjunction with mode fractured rock, can be improved small bore rocky tunnel driving speed.Due to using remote controler and electronics point
Firearm can make expansion hole while rise to maximum pressure, enhance the superposition of rock mass internal stress, be conducive to rock crushing.
Preferably, the combustion adjuvant is wrapped up by powder stick；Electrolyte solution on the outside of powder stick is contained by film；Electrolyte solution
The swelling agent in outside is fitted into plastic housing.
Charge constitution is layered continuous charging by combustion adjuvant, electrolyte solution, swelling agent interval, makes the physical-chemical reaction time
More sufficiently, quiet swelling pressure power can be improved within a short period of time.
Preferably, the combustion adjuvant is thermite；Quiet swollen dose of the main component is calcium oxide.
It reacts fierce after the combustion of thermite antipoints, big calorimetric can be released and heat swelling agent, and electrolyte can be made molten
Liquid mist makes electrolyte in conjunction with swelling agent.Main component meets water for the swelling agent of calcium oxide in confined space can produce 100
The quiet expansive force of megapascal is convenient for rock crushing.
Preferably, the emptying aperture and expansion hole have 1.5 °~3 ° of the elevation angle.Residue in easy cleaning emptying aperture and expansion hole.
Preferably, the diameter of the emptying aperture is the ㎜ of 180 ㎜~220；The diameter of the expansion hole is the ㎜ of 30 ㎜~50；It is empty
The hole depth of hole and expansion hole is 1.5m~2.5m；Pitch-row between each molding hole is the ㎜ of 180 ㎜~220.Rock breaking efficiency is good.
Preferably, the length that blocks of the expansion hole is 20~30 times of aperture；Closure process is divided clay using waddy
Layer tamping, clay thickness are the ㎝ of 5 ㎝~10.Expansion hole is blocked closely knit, the case where avoiding punching by guarantee.
Preferably, in the boring procedure, when residual hole occur or encountering rock cavity, adjustment bore position is closed on, is adopted
The measure for taking perforations adding plus boring.
Preferably, the slagging-off work uses semi-mechanization operation；Guideway transport vehicle is being set at 10 meters of hole；Slag
Stone is promoted using winch.It can be improved slagging-off efficiency, debris casualty accident during avoiding being promoted.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are the fractured rock in such a way that quiet swollen effect is combined with machinery, easy to accomplish complete
Section once excavates, and mentions drivage efficiency 30%~50%；To the Underground Space Excavation engineering in city, can extend P. drechsleri into
1~2 times of ruler.The construction efficiency that can be improved 2~3 times of construction efficiency, can excavate the rock of 10~15 sides daily；Excavation cost can
Reduce one third.
Specific embodiment
In order to be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, lower mask
Body illustrates the present invention.
A kind of driving method of small bore rocky tunnel, construction procedure are as follows:
A) preparation of construction: surveying design with carrying out, and to hydrogeologic condition detailed survey, grasps the destruction mechanical property for excavating rock
Matter；The face for designing tunnel, draws excavation contour line with red paint.It is familiar with quiet swollen dose of property and application method, understands existing
Field mechanical equipment situation and technical level, the construction organization of construction personnel etc..
B) cloth hole and drilling: being poured in emptying aperture in excavated section subscript, and using emptying aperture as the center of circle, swollen around emptying aperture arrangement multi-turn
Swollen hole；Perforating is completed using rock drill to work.
C) after drilling, emptying aperture and expansion hole inside and periphery landwaste, and measurement of verifying: measurement note guard aperture: are cleared up
Nature of ground variation in hole is recorded, the position deviation etc. of register hole is examined.The opening of emptying aperture and expansion hole is blocked again, avoids landwaste
It falls into.
D) powder charge: it is radial from inside to outside along expansion hole, combustion adjuvant, electrolyte solution and swelling agent successively are filled out by layer, is used in combination
Clay blocks expansion hole opening closely knit；Wherein, ignition is enclosed in combustion adjuvant；Ignition is connected with its opening and closing
Remote controler；
E) warning and broken rock: tunnel near zone is checked comprehensively before broken rock, withdraws the owner near tunnel
Member and equipment；And ignition is opened using remote control device；
F) it discharges fume and removes the gred: in broken rock 5~after ten minutes, opening ventilation blower smoke evacuation；It discharges fume after half an hour, measurement exports
After air quality is qualified, remove the gred；
G) supporting: being arranged supporting after the completion of slagging-off, with the gap of fine sand filling and support part；Place cleaning, and recycle
Gradually tunnel.
Wherein, the diameter of the emptying aperture is the ㎜ of 180 ㎜~220；The diameter of the expansion hole is the ㎜ of 30 ㎜~50；Emptying aperture
Hole depth with expansion hole is 1.5m~2.5m；Pitch-row between each molding hole is the ㎜ of 180 ㎜~220.Emptying aperture and expansion hole
Location error is no more than 2cm.
In drilling, emptying aperture and expansion hole have 1.5 °~3 ° of the elevation angle.When residual hole occur or encountering rock cavity, tune is closed on
Whole bore position, the measure taking perforations adding plus boring.After the completion of drilling, jewel hole orientation is measured, guarantees that error is no more than 0.01 °.
Combustion adjuvant in powder charge process is thermite；Quiet swollen dose of the main component is calcium oxide.Combustion adjuvant is by powder stick
Package；Electrolyte solution on the outside of powder stick is contained by film；Swelling agent on the outside of electrolyte solution is fitted into plastic housing.Combustion adjuvant
In ignition voltage rating 1.5V, rated current 0.1A.
The case where to guarantee that it is closely knit that expansion hole blocks, avoiding punching.Expansion hole blocks length as the 20~30 of aperture
Times；Clay is layered using waddy and is consolidated by closure process, and clay thickness is the ㎝ of 5 ㎝~10.
After the completion of expansion hole blocks, line person is arranged to be responsible for connecting electric start network.Measure line in time during line
Situation, record measurement resistance is connected in road.The problem of analysis is likely to occur.Prevent during line any electronics, electrical equipment band
Enter scene.
It before fragmented rock body, needs to carry out Security alert, determines all personnel and mechanical equipment, and neighbouring all kinds of structures
Under conditions of safety, ignition can be opened by controller.
After broken rock, it is ensured that tunnel tunnel face operation safety arranges construction personnel to carry out slagging-off work.It should be with during slagging-off
When pay attention to the rock mass situation of naked loophole wall, discover abnormal necessary withdraw immediately.After slag removal, apply supporting.Supporting
On cover free face distance in 0.5m~3m.Narrow-bore tunnel supporting is constructed using prefabricated modular, empty between supporting module and palisades
Gap is not more than 5 ㎝, and all gaps are filled using fine sand after supporting.
After the completion of supporting, good berth face must be cleared up before carrying out subsequent processing operation, withdraws from unwanted tool equipment,
Guarantee the unimpeded of walkway.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the description in above embodiments and description only illustrates original of the invention
Reason, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also has other changes and improvements, these changes and improvements
It all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention is by appended claims and its equivalent circle
It is fixed.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of driving method of small bore rocky tunnel, which is characterized in that construction procedure is as follows:
A) it preparation of construction: surveys design with carrying out, to hydrogeologic condition detailed survey, designs the face in tunnel, drawn with red paint
Excavation contour line；
B) cloth hole and drilling: being poured in emptying aperture in excavated section subscript, and using emptying aperture as the center of circle, around emptying aperture arrangement multi-turn expansion
Hole；Boring work is completed using drilling device；
C) guard aperture: after drilling, clearing up inside emptying aperture and expansion hole and periphery landwaste, and by the opening of emptying aperture and expansion hole
It blocks, landwaste is avoided to fall into；
D) powder charge: along expansion hole radial direction, successively loading combustion adjuvant, electrolyte solution and swelling agent by layer from inside to outside, and with sticking
Soil blocks expansion hole opening closely knit；Wherein, ignition is enclosed in combustion adjuvant；Ignition is connected with its opening and closing
Remote controler；
E) warning and broken rock: checking tunnel near zone before broken rock comprehensively, withdraw all personnel near tunnel with
Equipment；And ignition is opened using remote control device；
F) it discharges fume and removes the gred: in broken rock 5~after ten minutes, opening ventilation blower smoke evacuation；It discharges fume after half an hour, measures outlet air
After up-to-standard, remove the gred；
G) supporting: being arranged supporting after the completion of slagging-off, with the gap of fine sand filling and support part；Place cleaning again, and recycle by
Step driving.
2. the driving method of small bore rocky tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the combustion adjuvant by
Powder stick package；Electrolyte solution on the outside of powder stick is contained by film；Swelling agent on the outside of electrolyte solution is fitted into plastic housing.
3. the driving method of small bore rocky tunnel according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the combustion adjuvant is aluminothermy
Agent；Quiet swollen dose of the main component is calcium oxide.
4. the driving method of small bore rocky tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the emptying aperture and expansion hole
There is 1.5 °~3 ° of the elevation angle.
5. the driving method of small bore rocky tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the diameter of the emptying aperture is
The ㎜ of 180 ㎜~220；The diameter of the expansion hole is the ㎜ of 30 ㎜~50；The hole depth of emptying aperture and expansion hole is 1.5m~2.5m；It is each
Pitch-row between molding hole is the ㎜ of 180 ㎜~220.
6. the driving method of small bore rocky tunnel according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the expansion hole blocks
Length is 20~30 times of aperture；Clay is layered using waddy and is consolidated by closure process, and clay thickness is the ㎝ of 5 ㎝~10.
7. the driving method of small bore rocky tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the boring procedure
In, when residual hole occur or encountering rock cavity, adjustment bore position is closed on, the measure taking perforations adding plus boring.
8. the driving method of small bore rocky tunnel according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the slagging-off work uses
Semi-mechanization operation；Guideway transport vehicle is being set at 10 meters of hole；Debris is promoted using winch.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910828344.4A CN110469333A (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2019-09-03 | The driving method of small bore rocky tunnel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910828344.4A CN110469333A (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2019-09-03 | The driving method of small bore rocky tunnel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110469333A true CN110469333A (en) | 2019-11-19 |
Family
ID=68514724
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910828344.4A Pending CN110469333A (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2019-09-03 | The driving method of small bore rocky tunnel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110469333A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111337644A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-06-26 | 三峡大学 | Tunnel step-by-step excavation simulation device and using method |
| CN113154979A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-23 | 湖南军凯静爆科技有限公司 | Static rock breaking construction method of large-inclination-angle wet drilling expanding agent |
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| KR20020040950A (en) * | 2000-11-25 | 2002-05-31 | 국천표,오의진 | Tunnel pre-splitting blasting method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111337644A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-06-26 | 三峡大学 | Tunnel step-by-step excavation simulation device and using method |
| CN113154979A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-23 | 湖南军凯静爆科技有限公司 | Static rock breaking construction method of large-inclination-angle wet drilling expanding agent |
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Application publication date: 20191119 |