CN110468328A - A kind of steel structure bolt steel - Google Patents
A kind of steel structure bolt steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110468328A CN110468328A CN201910716503.1A CN201910716503A CN110468328A CN 110468328 A CN110468328 A CN 110468328A CN 201910716503 A CN201910716503 A CN 201910716503A CN 110468328 A CN110468328 A CN 110468328A
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- steel
- delayed fracture
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
A kind of steel structure bolt steel, Steel material contains C:0.1 ~ 0.3, Si:0.10 ~ 0.35, Mn by mass percentage :≤1.5, S≤0.01, P≤0.015, Cr:0.5 ~ 1.4, Mo:0.6 ~ 1.2, remaining be Fe, inevitable impurity, tempering temperature >=600 DEG C when Steel material final heat treatment.The present invention sets out according to practical steel construction application environment and existing application delay ruptured interruption analysis fracture apperance, by optimized alloy ingredient, improves grain boundary carbide and quantity is precipitated and form is precipitated, improve the anti-delayed fracture performance of material.After heat treatment tensile strength is up to 1040MPa or more with steel for the steel structure bolt of invention, and the upper limit is up to 1240MPa.Fastener performance grade meets 10.9S grades of GB/T1231-2006 standard, has excellent anti-delayed fracture performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fastener material fields, particularly relate to a kind of with good anti-delayed fracture performance and mouldability
The high strength steel structural bolts steel of energy, manufacture and application suitable for steel construction big hexagon head bolt and flange face bolt.
Background technique
Steel construction big hexagon head bolt dimensions is big, and hexagonal opposite side size is big, and upsetting molding head deflection is big, to spiral shell
Bolt material plasticity requires high.If railway steel structure bridge big hexagon head bolt Commonly Used Size is M22~M30.Such as GB/T1231-
10.9S grade bolt material in 2006 standards are as follows: 20MnTiB, ML20MnTiB, 35VB etc..Middle low-carbon B steel is contained due to alloying element
Measure low, plastic forming performance is good, low in cost to be widely applied in fastener areas.But it with rapid development of economy, hands over
To large-scale steel structure, more stringent requirements are proposed for the fast development of the industries such as logical transport, ocean engineering, and bridge span, application are safe
Property require be continuously improved.Intensity, the anti-delayed fracture performance of steel structure connection high-intensity fasteners also proposed higher
It is required that.
High-strength bolt on the facilities such as the industries steel construction such as communications and transportation, ocean engineering, it is sudden and violent due to being chronically at field
Reveal environment, especially steel structure bridge and ocean engineering, be usually located on the waters surface such as river, river, lake, sea, humidity is high, environment is disliked
Bad, existing high-intensity fasteners surface is easy to produce electrochemical corrosion and inhales hydrogen and lead to delayed fracture, and it is safe to influence structure application.
Studies have shown that delayed fracture sensibility dramatically increases, for high-intensity fasteners with the increase of the strength of materials.
Its tensile strength bears high pre-tight stress usually in 1000MPa or more in use, makes in field environment exposure
A possibility that used time, generation delayed fracture, is relatively high.Therefore, for high-intensity fasteners, it is necessary to have good anti-delay is disconnected
Fragility energy.Existing China's steel construction high-intensity fasteners are that application process is avoided largely to occur delayed fracture, on strength grade
10.9 grades are limited to, tensile strength range is 1040-1240MPa.But bolt delayed fracture still happens occasionally in practical application.
The existing high-strength material resistant to hydrogen that improves causes the technology of delayed fracture property numerous, can be divided mainly into: 1) reducing external
The formation and absorption of reactive hydrogen such as improve environmental condition, adjust surrounding medium pH value and adsorption state using corrosion inhibiter;It adopts
The generation of corrosion hydrogen is avoided with corrosion resistant material.2) entrance that environment hydrogen is avoided using resistance hydrogen separation layer, such as uses high molecular material
Cladding, Coating metallic cementation separation layer or ceramic separating layer realize the shielding of hydrogen.3) reduce interior hydrogen content and avoid interior hydrogen
Aggregation, such as hydrogen trap is formed using V, Ti, Nb alloying element Carbide Precipitation, fixed interior hydrogen avoids the aggregation of hydrogen;Pass through knot
Structure design reduces material stress and concentrates, and avoids diffusion, aggregation of the hydrogen under stress induced;By reducing material hydrogen diffusion coefficient,
Slow down the hydrogen aggregation velocity of material.
Such as: 108070796 A of patent CN improves material corrosion resisting property, in turn by addition Cr, Ni, Cu alloying element
Improve the delayed fracture property of material;Pass through addition Cr, Ni, Cu and Nb:0.02~0.06 and V in 109161794 A of CN:
0.25~0.45 element improves the weather resistance, refinement crystal grain and the delayed fracture resistance for forming hydrogen trap raising material of material
Energy;For 108220809 A of CN by addition Cr:0.80-1.60, Ni:3.50-5.50, Mo:0.80-1.20, V:0.10-0.25 is logical
It crosses using the anti-delayed fracture performance for forming the measures such as hydrogen trap and retained austenite raising material;107429352 A of CN passes through
Si:1.0-3.0 is added, increases Si additive amount and the means such as the transition carbide such as make ε-carbide stabilizes improve the anti-of material and prolong
Slow fracture property.The core of the above patent essentially improves weatherability, reduces corrosion rate, and it is anti-to increase the raising of the means such as hydrogen trap
Delayed fracture property.
For steel construction high-strength bolt, due to being exposed to outdoor environment, application site dispersion, it is difficult to pass through ring for a long time
Border improves to avoid delayed fracture, and steel construction high-strength bolt belongs to long-term exposure application, and delayed fracture is mainly
Since the external world's continuing into for hydrogen of corrosion causes, asked by the delayed fracture that hydrogen trap is difficult to effectively solve such harsh environment
Topic.Surface painting/plating/infiltration layer isolation has certain feasibility, but since existing steel construction high-intensity fasteners are that friction is pre-
Tight type fastener requires strictly axle power control, and painting/plating/infiltration layer not only will lead to torque coefficient of bolt dispersion, constructional difficulties.
Apply/plate simultaneously/creep of infiltration layer, chimeric etc. will lead to pre-tighten axle power acutely decaying occur, influence the application of steel structure connection pair
Safety.Therefore steel structure bolt not yet develops suitable hydrogen isolation painting/plating/infiltration layer at this stage.
In improving material matrix anti-delayed fracture performance, it is in for delayed fracture crack in bolt source region in practical application
Existing grain boundary fracture pattern, existing patent rarely have specific aim solution.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of steel structure bolt steel, existing high-intensity fasteners are improved
Anti-delayed fracture performance and have lower production cost.The present invention is according to practical steel construction application environment and existing application
Delayed fracture fracture analysis fracture apperance sets out, and by optimized alloy ingredient, improves grain boundary carbide and quantity is precipitated and shape is precipitated
State improves the anti-delayed fracture performance of material.The steel structure bolt of invention with steel after heat treatment tensile strength up to 1040MPa
More than, the upper limit is up to 1240MPa.Fastener performance grade meets 10.9S grades of GB/T1231-2006 standard, resists with excellent
Delayed fracture property.
To realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, used technical solution is: a kind of steel structure bolt steel, and Steel material presses quality
Percentage contains C:0.1 ~ 0.3, Si:0.10 ~ 0.35, Mn :≤1.5, S≤0.01, P≤0.015, Cr:0.5 ~ 1.4, Mo:0.6 ~
1.2, remaining is Fe, inevitable impurity, tempering temperature >=600 DEG C when Steel material final heat treatment;And Steel material needs to meet
The following conditions:
(1) index 1:[Mo]/8+ [Cr]/4.4- [C] >=0.01
(2) index 2:3.5 [C]+0.18 [Si]+0.45 [Mn]+0.4 [Cr]+1.17 [Mo]+1.5 [C] * [Mo] -0.32 [Cr] *
[Mo]≥1.9
(3) index 3:30 [C]+[Si]+1.5 [Mn]+1.5 [Cr]+1.6 [Mo]≤13.
Preferably, Steel material contain by mass percentage C:0.15 ~ 0.25, Si:0.15 ~ 0.25, Mn:0.4 ~ 1.0, S≤
0.01, P≤0.015, Cr:0.6 ~ 0.9, Mo:0.7 ~ 1.1, remaining be Fe, inevitable impurity.
Tempering temperature is 600 DEG C -700 DEG C when Steel material final heat treatment.
Preferably, tempering temperature is 640 DEG C -680 DEG C when Steel material final heat treatment.
The medicine have the advantages that
1,0.1 ~ 0.3 C, preferably 0.15 ~ 0.25C have been selected.C is too low lower than 0.1 material harden ability, can not adapt to big specification spiral shell
Bolt manufacture needs, and too low C will lead to strength of materials reduction, inevitably influence material tempering temperature, precipitated phase type
And form, deteriorate material anti-delayed fracture performance.The plasticity that 0.3 or more C will lead to material deteriorates, and resistance of deformation increases, sternly
Ghost image rings the building-up property of steel structure bolt.The increase of C content simultaneously will lead to precipitated phase type and volume fraction occurs
Variation deteriorates material anti-delayed fracture performance.
Carbide Precipitation quantity is realized by the reasonable selection of C, form is precipitated and the balance collocation of the strength of materials.Favorably
In the formation of continuous low energy crystal boundary.It effectively avoids grain boundary carbide and impurity element from being segregated to prolong in sequential like distribution deterioration material is anti-
Slow fracture property.
2, since Si belongs to strong deterioration material cold heading performance element, the Si content of material is controlled in lower water
It is flat, but Si belongs to raising harden ability element, and too low Si content proposes high requirement to smelting furnace material, and material is significantly increased
Expect cost, therefore Si content selection 0.10 ~ 0.35.It is preferred that 0.15 ~ 0.25,
3, the harden ability of material can be improved in Mn, material cost can be effectively reduced using Mn alloying, but Mn is to inhibition crystal boundary
It is precipitated with unfavorable effect, therefore Mn is unsuitable excessively high, preferably 0.4 ~ 1.0.
4, Cr can effectively improve tempering temperature, improve material distribution of carbides, but excessively high Cr content to material it is cold at
Type performance and cost bring adverse effect, and excessively high Cr content will lead to the precipitation of a large amount of M23C6 phases, and deterioration material is anti-to be prolonged
Slow fracture property.Cr preferably 0.6 ~ 0.9.
5, Mo can be effectively improved crystal boundary Element segregation and Carbide Precipitation form, can by the Mo of 0.6% or more addition
To realize the abundant precipitation and solidification of C, and tempering temperature can be greatly improved, avoid crystal boundary from forming continuous film shape and be precipitated and have
Evil Element segregation, avoids intergranular crack.Mo preferably 0.7 ~ 1.1.Excessively high Mo content can deteriorate the processability of material, and substantially
Increase material cost.
6, as avoiding the necessary control of impurity element crystal boundary segregation from requiring, the present invention limits S, P content, S
≤ 0.01, P≤0.015 reduces cyrystal boundary segregation to delay on existing material foundation, to further increase material purity
The influence of fracture.
It 7, is the abundant precipitation nodularization for guaranteeing carbide, material of the present invention tempering temperature in final heat treatment answers >=600
℃。
8, core of the invention is by controlling C content, on the basis of guaranteeing the enough harden ability of material and mechanical property.
By adding suitable carbide former and tempering stabilizing element, realizes abundant, the uniform precipitation of carbide, control carbon
Form is precipitated in compound, prevents the continuous precipitation and film-form segregation of crystal boundary.Ensure that material is obtaining higher-strength performance rate
Meanwhile being formed in grain boundary sites with the good successional pure crystal boundary of low energy, prevent the generation of grain boundary separation, it is anti-to improve material
Delayed fracture property.
It is suitable for molding and the lower M20 of heat treatment requirements and following sized bolt occasion.And in this hair
Harden ability alloying element is added on the basis of bright so that refinement crystal grain element and hydrogen trap shape are applied and added for bigger sized bolt
At element to expand its application.But must fully consider alloying element addition to precipitated phase type, be precipitated phase morphology, material at
Type performance and heat treatment cracking bring adverse effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is high C content, lonneal crystal boundary structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is low C content, high tempering crystal boundary structure schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
A kind of steel structure bolt steel, Steel material contain C:0.1 ~ 0.3, Si:0.10 ~ 0.35, Mn by mass percentage :≤
1.5, S≤0.01, P≤0.015, Cr:0.5 ~ 1.4, Mo:0.6 ~ 1.2, remaining be Fe, inevitable impurity, Steel material is final
Tempering temperature >=600 DEG C when heat treatment.
Steel material such as meets the following conditions, can obtain more excellent Steel material:
(1) index 1:[Mo]/8+ [Cr]/4.4- [C] >=0.01
(2) index 2:3.5 [C]+0.18 [Si]+0.45 [Mn]+0.4 [Cr]+1.17 [Mo]+1.5 [C] * [Mo] -0.32 [Cr] *
[Mo]≥1.9
(3) index 3:30 [C]+[Si]+1.5 [Mn]+1.5 [Cr]+1.6 [Mo]≤13.
Index 1, for general low-alloy structural Steel material, when Cr, Mo content of material are lower, material after quenching+tempering
The precipitated phase of material is coarse cementite phase (Fe3C), carbide volume fraction is big, and strengthening effect is limited, but invention material due to
The addition of Mo and Cr, the reduction of C, coarse cementite phase (Fe3C it) can be dissolved when invention temperature is tempered, precipitation strength
Mutually with small nodularization M2(C, N) and M7C3Based on, it infuses (M refers to Fe, Cr, Mo metallic element).And precipitated phase is uniformly to be precipitated, i.e.,
It ensure that strengthening effect, and reduce the volume fraction of carbide, avoid the continuous precipitation of crystal boundary.To guarantee coarse carburizing
Body phase (Fe3C) sufficiently dissolution and fine carbide M2(C, N) and M7C3Abundant precipitation, it is necessary to control the pass between Cr, Mo, C
System, invention material composition range can guarantee using high tempering and make coarse cementite phase (Fe3C) nodularization is dissolved, and is had good
The precipitated phase type that material is realized within the common tempering process operating time may be implemented in good precipitation form, association index 1
It is controlled with form.Index 1 is that precipitated phase type, volume fraction and the precipitated phase atomic ratio based on material calculate acquisition.
Index 2, for steel structure bolt, bolt of the present invention must be up to state standards grade strength requirement and suitable steel knot
The harden ability requirement of the big sized bolt of structure, for high Mo content material, is influenced, alloying element is to property by temper precipitated phase type
The influence of energy need to fully consider.Index 2 is based on material harden ability theoretical research foundation, according to the performance rate of invention bolt
It is required that comprehensively considering the influence of the interaction of C and alloying element, is calculated and obtained based on test data.
Index 3, since steel structure bolt dosage is big (single bridge is up to 1,000,000 or more), specification is big (usually >=M22), quenches
Fiery stress is big, and quenching is easy to crack, and due to producing in enormous quantities, quenching defect sorting is difficult, such as cracked property defect bolt installation
Using, it will great security risk is brought, therefore need to strictly avoid the quenching defect of material.
Meanwhile the steel structure bolt material of mass production needs to obtain stable quality and good using cold-heading manufacture
Good economic benefit, invention material change due to precipitated phase type more demanding to the cold heading performance of material, annealing raising material
The difficulty of material cold heading performance sharply increases.The present invention passes through setting for index 3 on the basis of material hardening crack carbon equivalent research controls
Meter effectively controls the C and alloying element content of material.Make material that there is good quenching stability and excellent cold heading performance.
Preferably, Steel material contain by mass percentage C:0.15 ~ 0.25, Si:0.15 ~ 0.25, Mn:0.4 ~ 1.0, S≤
0.01, P≤0.015, Cr:0.6 ~ 0.9, Mo:0.7 ~ 1.1, remaining be Fe, inevitable impurity.
Tempering temperature is 600 DEG C -700 DEG C when Steel material final heat treatment.
Preferably, tempering temperature is 640 DEG C -680 DEG C when Steel material final heat treatment.
The refinement such as V, Ti, Nb, W, B, Ni, Cu, rare earth crystal grain, purification crystal boundary can be added as needed, improve harden ability etc.
Beneficial element.
Embodiment:
Using vacuum drying oven melting 50Kg steel ingot, melting material chemical analysis ingredient is as shown in table 1: cogging is forged to φ 38mm circle
Stick, saw truck, which is cut, is machined to φ 33*200mm optical wand.
Table 1, embodiment chemical component and performance index
Embodiment 1 is to embodiment 7 using 900 DEG C of heating, the quenching of 7%PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) quenching liquid.Embodiment 8,9 is adopted
It is heated with 860 DEG C, the quenching of 7%PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) quenching liquid.Detailed tempering temperature, mechanical performance testing result are shown in Table
2, NOL ring 20%NH4SCN solution stress corrosion the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 2, embodiment tempering temperature and mechanical property
Table 3,20%NH4SCN solution stress corrosion (cracking) test result
Visible according to embodiment: the every index of embodiment 1,2 is all satisfied invention and requires, and 1 intensity of embodiment is since C content is close to excellent
Select lower limit, intensity is close to 10.9S grades of lower limits.For 2 material C content of embodiment close to the preferred component upper limit, intensity is higher.Material warp
20%NH4The stress corrosion (cracking) test of SCN aqueous solution can satisfy 2000h and constantly require, and material anti-delayed fracture performance is good.It is real
Example 3 is applied, due to having selected lower tempering temperature, tempering temperature is unsatisfactory for tempering temperature >=600 DEG C of the invention and requires.Crystal boundary
Precipitated phase is unable to fully nodularization aggregation.The strength of materials is higher, and anti-delayed fracture performance is unsatisfactory for 2000h and constantly requires.
In embodiment 4,5,6,7, is required since the C content of embodiment 7 does not meet invention, index 2 is caused to be unsatisfactory for inventing
It is required that >=1.9.Intensity is lower after material heat treatment, tensile strength RmOnly 838MPa is unable to give full play the mechanical property of material,
Also 10.9S grades of performance requirements of GB/T1231-2006 standard are unsatisfactory for.4,5,6,7 material of embodiment is through 20%NH4SCN aqueous solution is answered
Power corrosion test can satisfy 2000h and constantly require.
In embodiment 8,9, being required since C content does not meet invention, C content is high, the 3 bright requirement of equal super generating of index 1 and index,
Index 1 is relatively low, and carbon content is high, is unfavorable for reducing grain boundary carbide precipitation quantity, it is difficult to which it is continuously low to form large area in crystal boundary
Energy crystal boundary, deteriorates crystal boundary anti-delayed fracture performance.Index 3 is higher, causes material plasticity and toughness lower, and hardening break tendency is big.It is right
In steel structure bolt, specification is big, and quenching stress is big, and quenching is easily cracked, and material is caused to crack in heat-treatment quenching,
And 3 height of index can deteriorate the processability of material.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of steel structure bolt steel, it is characterised in that: Steel material contain by mass percentage C:0.1 ~ 0.3, Si:0.10 ~
0.35, Mn :≤1.5, S≤0.01, P≤0.015, Cr:0.5 ~ 1.4, Mo:0.6 ~ 1.2, remaining be Fe, inevitable impurity,
Tempering temperature >=600 DEG C when Steel material final heat treatment.
2. such as a kind of steel structure bolt steel of claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Steel material need to meet the following conditions:
(1) index 1:[Mo]/8+ [Cr]/4.4- [C] >=0.01
(2) index 2:3.5 [C]+0.18 [Si]+0.45 [Mn]+0.4 [Cr]+1.17 [Mo]+1.5 [C] * [Mo] -0.32 [Cr] *
[Mo]≥1.9
(3) index 3:30 [C]+[Si]+1.5 [Mn]+1.5 [Cr]+1.6 [Mo]≤13.
3. a kind of steel structure bolt steel as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: Steel material contains C by mass percentage:
0.15 ~ 0.25, Si:0.15 ~ 0.25, Mn:0.4 ~ 1.0, S≤0.01, P≤0.015, Cr:0.6 ~ 0.9, Mo:0.7 ~ 1.1, remaining
For Fe, inevitable impurity.
4. a kind of steel structure bolt steel as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: be tempered temperature when Steel material final heat treatment
Degree is 600 DEG C -700 DEG C.
5. a kind of steel structure bolt steel as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: be tempered temperature when Steel material final heat treatment
Degree is 640 DEG C -680 DEG C.
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CN201910716503.1A CN110468328B (en) | 2019-08-05 | 2019-08-05 | Steel for steel structure bolt |
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Cited By (1)
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CN111155031A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-15 | 南京福贝尔五金制品有限公司 | Atmospheric corrosion resistant high-strength bolt and manufacturing method thereof |
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