CN1104625C - Apparatus for cooling solids laden hot gases - Google Patents

Apparatus for cooling solids laden hot gases Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1104625C
CN1104625C CN96100444A CN96100444A CN1104625C CN 1104625 C CN1104625 C CN 1104625C CN 96100444 A CN96100444 A CN 96100444A CN 96100444 A CN96100444 A CN 96100444A CN 1104625 C CN1104625 C CN 1104625C
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China
Prior art keywords
heat
gas
desired device
transfer surface
container
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Expired - Lifetime
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CN96100444A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1153286A (en
Inventor
F·G·范唐根
A·普斯图玛
P·L·朱伊德威尔德
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

A self-cleaning apparatus for cooling a solids laden hot gas. The apparatus comprises a vessel with a gas inlet and a gas outlet and a plurality of (convective) heat transfer surfaces, extending longitudinally and forming a plurality of gas passages. The overall crosssectional inlet area of the passages between the heat transfer surfaces decreases in the direction of decreasing process temperature in such a manner that the gas velocity is kept constant.

Description

A kind of device that is used for the hot gas of cooling solids laden
The present invention relates to a kind of device that is used for the hot gas of cooling solids laden.
For example, a kind of gas of solids laden is the synthetic gas that derives from the coal gasification process.The coal gasification process is the process of well-known subdivided solids carbonaceous fuel partial oxidation, wherein, offer the gasification zone as the oxygen-containing gas of oxygenant and solid carbonaceous fuel in small, broken bits, under suitable temperature and pressure condition, in the gasification zone, autothermally produce a kind of air-flow that contains synthetic gas (it is the gaseous mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide basically) substantially.And the solid impurity resemble the fly ash grain is present in the synthetic gas usually.Such particle may be a viscosity.As the oxygen-containing gas of oxygenant normally air or (pure) oxygen or steam or its mixture.
Above-mentioned partial oxidation reaction usually occurs in the gasifying reactor.For the temperature in the controlling reactor, can provide a kind of moderator gas (for example steam, water or carbonic acid gas or its mixture) to above-mentioned reactor.
The one skilled in the art will know the condition to reactor supply oxygenant and moderator.
Advantageously, described carbonaceous fuel (selectively having moderator gas) and as the oxygen-containing gas (selectively having moderator gas) of oxygenant offers reactor through a burner at least.The rough effluent stream of heat usually or leave reactor near the top of reactor, selectively carry out quenching and in indirect heat exchanger, cool off usually resemble the convection cooler.
Traditionally, crude gas stream cools off by the transmission of heat by convection face, and the transmission of heat by convection face is installed in and is arranged near the gas cooler of gasifying reactor, and gas cooler is linked on the described reactor by a conduit.
Therefore the gas solids laden may produce heat-transfer surface corrosive problem (when gas flow rate is too high), maybe may be created in the gas passage fouling/blocking problem (when gas flow rate is too low) between the heat-transfer surface.
When operating under stable output and pressure, in process of cooling, gas flow rate will slow to this degree usually, equipment scaling/obstruction (for example because sticky particle) promptly may take place and need expensive vibrating device to avoid fouling/obstruction.
Therefore, need the automatically cleaning water cooler, its relies on the automatically cleaning effect of the gas of solids laden, non-scaling/do not stop up and not corrosion, and can be under normal operational condition operation and need not use (complicated) vibrating device.
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of cleaning apparatus for self that is used for the hot gas of cooling solids laden, this device comprises container and the heat transfer structure that has gas feed and pneumatic outlet, heat transfer structure is made of multiple heat-transfer surface, heat-transfer surface extends longitudinally in container between described gas feed and pneumatic outlet, and in described heat transfer structure, form multiple gas passage, wherein multiple heat-transfer surface is arranged by this way, that is exactly, in described heat transfer structure, the total entrance section area of gas passage is greater than the general export section area between gas passage, described gas passage is arranged by this way, in operation, flow through the gas flow rate of gas passage, between described gas passage entrance section area and exit area, keep constant substantially.
Now by embodiment the present invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 represents the profile of gas cooler of the present invention;
The partial side view that the collector that adopts in the gas cooler of Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b presentation graphs 1 is arranged;
Fig. 3 a and 3b represent the viewgraph of cross-section of heat transfer structure used in the gas cooler along Fig. 1 center line I-I and line II-II respectively;
The partial side view of the favourable embodiment of the details of Fig. 4 presentation graphs 3a and 3b.
With reference to Fig. 1, express the container of making by any material that is suitable for this purpose 1.Container 1 has wall of container 1a, be used to come autoreactor (for clarity sake, do not illustrate) the import 2 of gas A of solids laden be contained in the upstream side of container 1, the outlet 3 that is used for chilled gas B is contained in the downstream side of container 1, cooling gas B can offer any suitable gas in any suitable manner and further handle and processing units (for clarity sake, not illustrating).Advantageously, import 2 is positioned at or approaches the top of container 1, outlet 3 bottoms that are positioned at or approach container 1.
Usually, gas cooler is cylindraceous substantially, and is vertical placement basically, but the one skilled in the art can understand that any placement that is suitable for this purpose can be employed.Water cooler 1 portion within it is equipped with heat transfer structure with the plate 4 of multiple (convection current) heat-transfer surface with any suitable method, (convection current) heat-transfer surface is arranged by this way, multiple gas passage 13 is provided, and passage 13 extends to outlet along downflow direction (i.e. the direction that reduces along treatment temp) from described import.Particularly, the arrangement of heat-transfer surface is such, and total intake area of gas passage 13 is greater than total exit area.For clarity sake, have only 9 groups of plates 4 in Fig. 1, to illustrate to come out.But the plate that should be understood that any number that is suitable for this purpose all can be used.The height of heat transfer structure is M, and the distance between the outer heat-transfer surface in described structure is respectively W1 (import) and W2 (outlet).
Advantageously, the plate 4 of respectively organizing of heat-transfer surface is made up of (for clarity sake multiple cooling tube in gas cooler, do not have shown in Figure 1), can carry out mechanical connection in any suitable manner between multiple cooling tube for example connects with ribbon, any suitable cooling fluid can flow through cooling tube (for example water or steam, flow more favourable with back flow of gas), and, it is tapered that these plates are designed between heat-transfer surface the section area of passage, its purpose is to keep the gas flow rate substantially constant, and more favourable gas flow rate range is 6-12m/s.It is more favourable that cooling tube is equipped with fin.
Reducing of gas passage total cross-sectional area between the heat-transfer surface is such, and air current A gently flows to heat-transfer surface, and air-flow shown in the arrow C is with Small angle α bump heat-transfer surface, and from the angle of bump, air-flow is arranged essentially parallel to heat-transfer surface.Angle α is defined as follows: α = tan 1 / 2 ( W 1 - W 2 ) M
A favourable angle of impingement α of air-flow is 2.5 degree.
One end of gas cooler is equipped with multiple inlet header, provides any suitable heat-eliminating medium to the plate of cooling tube.
The other end of gas cooler is equipped with multiple outlet header.For clarity sake, the mechanical connection of inlet header, outlet header and cooling tube and collector does not have shown in Figure 1.
Each end of the cooling tube of plate is connected with inlet header 5 with outlet header 6 respectively.Be described in more detail with reference to Fig. 2 a and 2b below.
And, in practice, arrange plate and pipe like this, so-called membrane tube wall is formed, in Fig. 1, illustrate (annular) import and (annular) outlet of membrane tube wall respectively with reference number 8 and 9.Membrane tube wall forms " cage " that encases described plate in container 1, illustrate out in more detail below in conjunction with Fig. 3 a and 3b.
Fig. 2 a represents the partial side view that the used inlet header of gas cooler of the present invention is as shown in fig. 1 arranged.For clarity sake, only illustrate 7 pipes.Inlet header 5 can be in any suitable manner be connected with each cooling tube 10 in the plate 4.Reference number 1a represents wall of container.
Pipe 10 in the plate 4 is by ribbon 10a (for example by welding) mechanical connection.
And, the end of plate 4 or outer tube 10 ' be to have fluid to be communicated with (Fig. 1) by the part of membrane tube wall formed " cage " and with import 8.The Guan Buyu inlet header 5 of membrane tube wall connects.It is suitable to should be understood that, membrane tube wall can be suitably crooked, for the pipe connecting between plate 4 and inlet header 5 provides the space.
Fig. 2 b represents the partial side view of the similar layout of the outlet header 6 of gas cooler of the present invention as shown in fig. 1.For clarity sake, have only 7 pipes to express.Use same reference number among Fig. 2 a, appropriate, the pipe of membrane tube wall can be suitably crooked.End or outer tube 10 ' be the part of " cage ", and have fluid to be communicated with (Fig. 1) with outlet 9.
Fig. 3 a represents the cross sectional view of heat-transfer surface layout along Fig. 1 center line I-I.13 groups of plates 4 have been illustrated out in this situation, every group of plate 4 comprise multiple cooling tube 10, end or outer tube 10 '.
The pipe 10 of every group of plate connects by ribbon 10a.
The end of each plate 4 or outer tube 10 ' by manage 7 with the end of adjacent panels 4 or outer tube 10 ' be connected.Outer tube 7 and 10 ' formation " cage " 11.
The diameter of pipe 7 (except being placed in two in the symmetrical plane) reduces from the top to the bottom, so that taper setting and the inclined position that can accomplish plate 4 on the symmetrical plane both sides.For clarity sake, only express pipe 10 in a limited number of each plate 4.
Reference number 13 is represented the gas passage between heat-transfer surface.
The plate of plate on the suction side is apart from C 1Greater than the plate of outlet side apart from C 2, this be because the pipe 10 of tapered tube 7 in every group of plate 4 ' between layout.
Like this, the V * W1 of the size that cage is total (import), V * W2 (outlet), W1＞W2 wherein, it is constant that the V value keeps.
The vertical view that Fig. 3 b presentation graphs 1 middle outlet collector is arranged.The aforesaid reference number of same use.
Fig. 4 expresses the favourable embodiment (express the part) of tapered tube 7 in " cage ", pipe 7 be arranged in the outer tube 10 of every group of plate 4 (referring to Fig. 3 a and 3b) ' between.Z represents the ribbon of taper.
The diameter of pipe 7 diminishes from the inlet end to the exit end gradually, to the tapered section of pipe, suitable bevel angle β (for example 2.5 °) is arranged.In favourable embodiment of the present invention, along the direction that flows downward, pipe diameter is varied down to 30mm gradually from 60, and length M is 25-35m.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that and to use the collector that is suitable for any number of this purpose.For example, in every group of plate of pipe arranged, can use two collectors.
The one skilled in the art will appreciate that also the present invention is not limited to cooling fluid and flows with the processing back flow of gas.It also is favourable using concurrent flow.
In advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the ribbon of pipe compartment is provided with opening.More advantageously, ribbon has the opening of 25-90%.
Can know that from the description of front various versions of the present invention are conspicuous for the one skilled in the art.Such version within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (13)

1. cleaning apparatus for self that is used for the hot gas of cooling solids laden, this device comprises container (1) and the heat transfer structure (7 that has gas feed (2) and pneumatic outlet (3), 10 '), heat transfer structure is made of multiple heat-transfer surface (4), heat-transfer surface extends longitudinally in container (1) between described gas feed (2) and pneumatic outlet (3), and in described heat transfer structure, form multiple gas passage (13), wherein multiple heat-transfer surface is arranged by this way, that is exactly, in described heat transfer structure, the total entrance section area of gas passage (13) is greater than the general export section area between gas passage (13), described gas passage is arranged by this way, in operation, flow through the gas flow rate of gas passage, between described gas passage entrance section area and exit area, keep constant substantially.
2. as the desired device of claim 1, wherein, container (1) is columnar substantially.
3. as the desired device of claim 1, wherein, container (1) is vertical the placement substantially.
4. as the desired device of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-3, wherein, gas feed (2) is positioned at or approaches the top of container (1), and pneumatic outlet (3) is positioned at or approaches the bottom of container (1).
5. as the desired device of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-3, wherein, heat transfer structure (7,10 ') is membrane tube wall or " cage ".
6. as the desired device of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-3, wherein, heat-transfer surface (4) is the transmission of heat by convection face.
7. as the desired device of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-3, wherein, each heat-transfer surface (4) comprises the plate of cooling tube (10), and in the operating process, heat-eliminating medium flows in cooling tube.
8. as the desired device of claim 7, wherein, heat-eliminating medium and gas are counter-current flow.
9. as the desired device of claim 8, wherein, heat-eliminating medium is water or steam.
10. as the desired device of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-3, wherein, the general import section area of the gas passage (13) between heat-transfer surface (4) reduces gradually along downflow direction, thereby forms the tapered arrangement of heat-transfer surface.
11. as the desired device of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-3, wherein, gas flow rate range is 6-12m/s.
12. as the desired device of claim 11, wherein, described heat-transfer surface arranges with an angle [alpha], wherein, and α=tan1/2 (W1-W2)/M; M is the height of heat transfer structure; W1 and W2 represent the distance of heat transfer structure between the external heat transfer face in ingress and exit respectively.
13. as the desired device of claim 12, wherein the α angle is not more than 2.5 °.
CN96100444A 1995-01-20 1996-01-17 Apparatus for cooling solids laden hot gases Expired - Lifetime CN1104625C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95200145 1995-01-20
EP95200145.1 1995-01-20

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN1153286A CN1153286A (en) 1997-07-02
CN1104625C true CN1104625C (en) 2003-04-02

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EP (1) EP0722999B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3986101B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100390380B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1104625C (en)
CA (1) CA2167564C (en)
DE (1) DE69605825T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2142011T3 (en)
ZA (1) ZA96390B (en)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE60202217T2 (en) 2001-08-10 2005-12-15 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. PROCESS FOR RECOVERING HOT GAS ENERGY
MY136087A (en) 2001-10-22 2008-08-29 Shell Int Research Process to reduce the temperature of a hydrogen and carbon monoxide containing gas and heat exchanger for use in said process
JP4599291B2 (en) * 2005-01-07 2010-12-15 三菱重工業株式会社 Pressurized high temperature gas cooler
US7803216B2 (en) 2005-12-28 2010-09-28 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Pressurized high-temperature gas cooler
EP2382283A2 (en) 2008-12-30 2011-11-02 Shell Oil Company Method and system for supplying synthesis gas
WO2010078254A2 (en) 2008-12-31 2010-07-08 Shell Oil Company Adiabatic reactor and a process and a system for producing a methane-rich gas in such adiabatic reactor
CN102317237A (en) 2008-12-31 2012-01-11 国际壳牌研究有限公司 Process for producing a methane-rich gas
CN102482174B (en) 2009-08-03 2014-09-10 国际壳牌研究有限公司 Process for the co-production of superheated steam and methane
WO2011017242A1 (en) 2009-08-03 2011-02-10 Shell Oil Company Process for the production of methane
US10640376B2 (en) * 2016-07-21 2020-05-05 Haldor Topsoe A/S Process for the production of sulfur trioxide
KR102316717B1 (en) * 2021-02-25 2021-10-27 성일하이메탈(주) Detoxification treatment apparatus of noxious gas using heat exchange

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4520760A (en) * 1984-04-23 1985-06-04 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Heat exchanger outlet arrangement
DE3929766A1 (en) * 1989-09-07 1991-03-14 Krupp Koppers Gmbh PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A PRODUCT GAS FROM A FINE-PARTIC CARBON SUPPORT
DK163896C (en) * 1990-01-05 1992-10-26 Burmeister & Wains Energi GAS COOLS FOR CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER

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KR100390380B1 (en) 2003-09-06
ES2142011T3 (en) 2000-04-01
DE69605825T2 (en) 2001-07-19
KR960028962A (en) 1996-08-17
ZA96390B (en) 1996-08-15
CA2167564A1 (en) 1996-07-21
EP0722999B1 (en) 1999-12-29
JPH08231966A (en) 1996-09-10
CA2167564C (en) 2007-05-15
DE69605825D1 (en) 2000-02-03
CN1153286A (en) 1997-07-02
EP0722999A1 (en) 1996-07-24
JP3986101B2 (en) 2007-10-03

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