CN110460898B

CN110460898B - Video processing method, system, device and machine readable medium

Info

Publication number: CN110460898B
Application number: CN201910703677.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐建龙; 潘廷勇; 赵广石; 韩杰
Original assignee: Visionvera Information Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Visionvera Information Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-07-31
Filing date: 2019-07-31
Publication date: 2022-06-07
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-31
Also published as: CN110460898A

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a video processing method, which is applied to a video playing system, wherein the video playing system comprises a video networking terminal and a remote control terminal connected with the video networking terminal, and the method comprises the following steps: when the video networking terminal plays video stream data, the video networking terminal receives a screenshot instruction sent by the remote control terminal; the video network terminal responds to the screenshot command, acquires current image data of the video stream data and stores the current image data in a preset cache; the video network terminal generates an image file from the current image data according to a preset format; the video network terminal saves the image file to a preset storage path; and after the video network terminal finishes storing, releasing the current image data of the preset cache. According to the method and the device, the user can quickly acquire the screenshot in real time when watching the video, and the screenshot file is stored in the preset path, so that the use experience of the user is improved.

Description

Video processing method, system, device and machine readable medium

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of network communications, and in particular, to a video processing method and a video processing system.

Background

With the continuous development of technology, more and more portable electronic device terminals are now on the market, and due to the appearance of portable devices such as smart phones, terminal devices receiving video streams become diversified, and in order to make the provided video streams adapt to different environmental conditions such as networks and devices, a scalable video coding technology is developed, wherein video data is coded based on a multi-layer coding architecture, the number of enhancement layers (enhancement layers) in the video streams is changed under different environmental conditions to provide different frame rates, resolutions or image qualities, and each enhancement layer includes a plurality of frames.

When watching a video, a user often has an interest in some contents in the video and obtains a picture in a screenshot mode. But at present, the screenshot needs to be captured by sending a screenshot command by using an assembly or a specific button or other auxiliary equipment. The operation is complex, the screenshot is slow, the operation is tedious by using other auxiliary devices, and the screenshot by using the assembly or the specific button or the other auxiliary devices is a picture of the next frames rather than the picture desired by the user, so that the screenshot is deviated from the expected picture of the user, and the additionally acquired screenshot needs the user to search for a folder additionally for storage, so that the screenshot operation is more tedious.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, embodiments of the present invention are proposed to provide a video processing method and a video processing system that overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a video processing method, which is applied to a video playing system, where the video playing system includes a video networking terminal and a remote control terminal connected to the video networking terminal, and the method includes:

when the video networking terminal plays video stream data, the video networking terminal receives a screenshot instruction sent by the remote control terminal;

the video network terminal responds to the screenshot command, acquires current image data of the video stream data and stores the current image data in a preset cache;

the video network terminal generates an image file from the current image data according to a preset format;

the video network terminal saves the image file to a preset storage path;

and after the video network terminal finishes storing, releasing the current image data of the preset cache.

Optionally, the video playing system further includes a camera connected to the video networking terminal, and the method further includes:

the video networking terminal receives video stream data collected by the camera;

the video network terminal receives a playing instruction sent by the remote control terminal;

and the video networking terminal responds to the playing instruction to play the video stream data.

Optionally, the method further comprises:

the video network terminal receives an exit instruction sent by the remote control terminal;

and the video network terminal responds to the exit instruction to enter a standby state.

Optionally, the video networking terminal, in response to the screenshot instruction, acquires current image data of the video stream data and stores the current image data in a preset cache, including:

the video network terminal responds to the screenshot instruction to obtain the current image data of the video stream data;

the video network terminal judges whether the definition of the current image data meets a preset condition or not;

and if the video network terminal judges that the definition of the current image data meets a preset condition, the video network terminal stores the current image data in a preset cache.

Optionally, the method further comprises:

if the video network terminal judges that the definition of the current image data does not meet the preset condition, the video network terminal acquires the previous frame of image data or the next frame of image data of the current image data;

and the video network terminal stores the previous frame of image data or the next frame of image data into a preset cache.

The present application further provides a video processing system, the system comprising:

the receiving module is used for receiving the screenshot instruction sent by the remote control terminal by the video networking terminal when the video networking terminal plays video stream data;

the acquisition module is used for responding to the screenshot instruction by the video networking terminal, acquiring the current image data of the video streaming data and storing the current image data into a preset cache;

the production module is used for generating an image file by the video network terminal according to the current image data in a preset format;

the maintaining module is used for storing the image file to a preset storage path by the video networking terminal;

and the release module is used for releasing the preset cached current image data after the video network terminal finishes storing.

Optionally, the system further comprises:

the data stream receiving module is used for receiving the video stream data acquired by the camera by the video networking terminal;

Optionally, the system further comprises:

the quit module is used for receiving a quit instruction sent by the remote control terminal by the video network terminal;

and the standby module is used for responding the exit instruction by the video network terminal to enter a standby state.

Optionally, the obtaining module includes:

the data acquisition module is used for responding to the screenshot instruction by the video networking terminal and acquiring the current image data of the video stream data;

the judging module is used for judging whether the definition of the current image data meets a preset condition or not by the video networking terminal;

and the definition module is used for storing the current image data to a preset cache by the video networking terminal if the video networking terminal judges that the definition of the current image data meets a preset condition.

Optionally, the obtaining module further includes:

the front and back data module is used for acquiring the previous frame image data or the next frame image data of the current image data by the video network terminal if the video network terminal judges that the definition of the current image data does not meet the preset condition;

and the front and back holding module is used for storing the previous frame of image data or the next frame of image data to a preset cache by the video network terminal.

The present application further provides an apparatus, comprising:

one or more processors; and

one or more machine readable media having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform one or more methods as described above.

The present application also proposes one or more machine-readable media having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to perform one or more methods as described above

The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages: in the embodiment of the invention, when the video network terminal plays video stream data, the video network terminal receives a screenshot instruction sent by the remote control terminal; the video network terminal responds to the screenshot command, acquires the current image data of the video stream data and stores the current image data in a preset cache; the video network terminal generates an image file from the current image data according to a preset format; the video network terminal saves the image file to a preset storage path; and after the video network terminal finishes the storage, releasing the current image data of the preset cache. According to the method and the device, when a user watches videos, the user can quickly acquire the video pictures of the user's mind instrument in real time and generate the corresponding screenshot image file, the screenshot image file is stored in a preset path, the user can take out the image file at any time, the user can operate conveniently, and the user experience is also improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic networking diagram of a video network of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hardware architecture of a node server according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of an access switch of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of an ethernet protocol conversion gateway according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the steps of one embodiment of a video processing method of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of steps of one embodiment of a method of video processing according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic connection diagram of one embodiment of a video playback system according to the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a video processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.

The video networking is an important milestone for network development, is a real-time network, can realize high-definition video real-time transmission, and pushes a plurality of internet applications to high-definition video, and high-definition faces each other.

The video networking adopts a real-time high-definition video exchange technology, can integrate required services such as dozens of services of video, voice, pictures, characters, communication, data and the like on a system platform on a network platform, such as high-definition video conference, video monitoring, intelligent monitoring analysis, emergency command, digital broadcast television, delayed television, network teaching, live broadcast, VOD on demand, television mail, Personal Video Recorder (PVR), intranet (self-office) channels, intelligent video broadcast control, information distribution and the like, and realizes high-definition quality video broadcast through a television or a computer.

To better understand the embodiments of the present invention, the following description refers to the internet of view:

some of the technologies applied in the video networking are as follows:

network Technology (Network Technology)

Network technology innovation in video networking has improved the traditional Ethernet (Ethernet) to face the potentially huge first video traffic on the network. Unlike pure network Packet Switching (Packet Switching) or network Circuit Switching (Circuit Switching), the Packet Switching is adopted by the technology of the video networking to meet the Streaming requirement. The video networking technology has the advantages of flexibility, simplicity and low price of packet switching, and simultaneously has the quality and safety guarantee of circuit switching, and realizes the seamless connection of a whole network switching type virtual circuit and a data format.

Switching Technology (Switching Technology)

The video network adopts two advantages of asynchronism and packet switching of the Ethernet, eliminates the defects of the Ethernet on the premise of full compatibility, has end-to-end seamless connection of the whole network, is directly communicated with a user terminal, and directly bears an IP data packet. The user data does not require any format conversion across the entire network. The video networking is a higher-level form of the Ethernet, is a real-time exchange platform, can realize the real-time transmission of the whole-network large-scale high-definition video which cannot be realized by the existing Internet, and pushes a plurality of network video applications to high-definition and unification.

Server Technology (Server Technology)

The server technology on the video networking and unified video platform is different from the traditional server, the streaming media transmission of the video networking and unified video platform is established on the basis of connection orientation, the data processing capacity of the video networking and unified video platform is independent of flow and communication time, and a single network layer can contain signaling and data transmission. For voice and video services, the complexity of video networking and unified video platform streaming media processing is much simpler than that of data processing, and the efficiency is greatly improved by more than one hundred times compared with that of a traditional server.

Storage Technology (Storage Technology)

The super-high speed storage technology of the unified video platform adopts the most advanced real-time operating system in order to adapt to the media content with super-large capacity and super-large flow, the program information in the server instruction is mapped to the specific hard disk space, the media content is not passed through the server any more, and is directly sent to the user terminal instantly, and the general waiting time of the user is less than 0.2 second. The optimized sector distribution greatly reduces the mechanical motion of the magnetic head track seeking of the hard disk, the resource consumption only accounts for 20% of that of the IP internet of the same grade, but concurrent flow which is 3 times larger than that of the traditional hard disk array is generated, and the comprehensive efficiency is improved by more than 10 times.

Network Security Technology (Network Security Technology)

The structural design of the video network completely eliminates the network security problem troubling the internet structurally by the modes of independent service permission control each time, complete isolation of equipment and user data and the like, generally does not need antivirus programs and firewalls, avoids the attack of hackers and viruses, and provides a structural carefree security network for users.

Service Innovation Technology (Service Innovation Technology)

The unified video platform integrates services and transmission, and is not only automatically connected once whether a single user, a private network user or a network aggregate. The user terminal, the set-top box or the PC are directly connected to the unified video platform to obtain various multimedia video services in various forms. The unified video platform adopts a menu type configuration table mode to replace the traditional complex application programming, can realize complex application by using very few codes, and realizes infinite new service innovation.

Networking of the video network is as follows:

the video network is a centralized control network structure, and the network can be a tree network, a star network, a ring network and the like, but on the basis of the centralized control node, the whole network is controlled by the centralized control node in the network.

As shown in fig. 1, the video network is divided into two parts, an access network and a metropolitan network.

The devices of the access network part can be mainly classified into 3 types: node server, access switch, terminal (including various set-top boxes, coding boards, memories, etc.). The node server is connected to an access switch, which may be connected to a plurality of terminals and may be connected to an ethernet network.

The node server is a node which plays a centralized control function in the access network and can control the access switch and the terminal. The node server may be directly connected to the access switch or may be directly connected to the terminal.

Similarly, devices of the metropolitan network portion may also be classified into 3 types: a metropolitan area server, a node switch and a node server. The metro server is connected to a node switch, which may be connected to a plurality of node servers.

The node server is a node server of the access network part, namely the node server belongs to both the access network part and the metropolitan area network part.

The metropolitan area server is a node which plays a centralized control function in the metropolitan area network and can control a node switch and a node server. The metropolitan area server can be directly connected with the node switch or directly connected with the node server.

Therefore, the whole video network is a network structure with layered centralized control, and the network controlled by the node server and the metropolitan area server can be in various structures such as tree, star and ring.

The access network part can form a unified video platform (the part in the dotted circle), and a plurality of unified video platforms can form a video network; each unified video platform may be interconnected via metropolitan area and wide area video networking.

Visio networking device classification

1.1 devices in the video network of the embodiment of the present invention can be mainly classified into 3 types: server, exchanger (including Ethernet protocol conversion gateway), terminal (including various set-top boxes, code board, memory, etc.). The video network as a whole can be divided into a metropolitan area network (or national network, global network, etc.) and an access network.

1.2 the devices of the access network part can be mainly classified into 3 types: node server, access switch (including Ethernet protocol gateway), terminal (including various set-top boxes, coding board, memory, etc.).

The specific hardware structure of each access network device is as follows:

a node server:

as shown in fig. 2, the system mainly includes a network interface module 201, a switching engine module 202, a CPU module 203, and a disk array module 204;

the network interface module 201, the CPU module 203, and the disk array module 204 all enter the switching engine module 202; the switching engine module 202 performs an operation of looking up the address table 205 on the incoming packet, thereby obtaining the direction information of the packet; and stores the packet in a queue of the corresponding packet buffer 206 based on the packet's steering information; if the queue of the packet buffer 206 is nearly full, it is discarded; the switching engine module 202 polls all packet buffer queues for forwarding if the following conditions are met: 1) the port send buffer is not full; 2) the queue packet counter is greater than zero. The disk array module 204 mainly implements control over the hard disk, including initialization, read-write, and other operations on the hard disk; the CPU module 203 is mainly responsible for protocol processing with an access switch and a terminal (not shown in the figure), configuring an address table 205 (including a downlink protocol packet address table, an uplink protocol packet address table, and a data packet address table), and configuring the disk array module 204.

The access switch:

as shown in fig. 3, the network interface module mainly includes a network interface module (a downlink network interface module 301 and an uplink network interface module 302), a switching engine module 303 and a CPU module 304;

wherein, the packet (uplink data) coming from the downlink network interface module 301 enters the packet detection module 305; the packet detection module 305 detects whether the Destination Address (DA), the Source Address (SA), the packet type, and the packet length of the packet meet the requirements, and if so, allocates a corresponding stream identifier (stream-id) and enters the switching engine module 303, otherwise, discards the stream identifier; the packet (downstream data) coming from the upstream network interface module 302 enters the switching engine module 303; the incoming data packet of the CPU module 304 enters the switching engine module 303; the switching engine module 303 performs an operation of looking up the address table 306 on the incoming packet, thereby obtaining the direction information of the packet; if the packet entering the switching engine module 303 is from the downstream network interface to the upstream network interface, the packet is stored in the queue of the corresponding packet buffer 307 in association with the stream-id; if the queue of the packet buffer 307 is nearly full, it is discarded; if the packet entering the switching engine module 303 is not from the downlink network interface to the uplink network interface, the data packet is stored in the queue of the corresponding packet buffer 307 according to the guiding information of the packet; if the queue of the packet buffer 307 is nearly full, it is discarded.

The switching engine module 303 polls all packet buffer queues and may include two cases:

if the queue is from the downlink network interface to the uplink network interface, the following conditions are met for forwarding: 1) the port send buffer is not full; 2) the queued packet counter is greater than zero; 3) obtaining a token generated by a code rate control module;

if the queue is not from the downlink network interface to the uplink network interface, the following conditions are met for forwarding: 1) the port send buffer is not full; 2) the queue packet counter is greater than zero.

The rate control module 308 is configured by the CPU module 304, and generates tokens for packet buffer queues from all downstream network interfaces to upstream network interfaces at programmable intervals to control the rate of upstream forwarding.

The CPU module 304 is mainly responsible for protocol processing with the node server, configuration of the address table 306, and configuration of the code rate control module 308.

Ethernet protocol conversion gateway：

As shown in fig. 4, the apparatus mainly includes a network interface module (a downlink network interface module 401 and an uplink network interface module 402), a switching engine module 403, a CPU module 404, a packet detection module 405, a rate control module 408, an address table 406, a packet buffer 407, a MAC adding module 409, and a MAC deleting module 410.

Wherein, the data packet coming from the downlink network interface module 401 enters the packet detection module 405; the packet detection module 405 detects whether the ethernet MAC DA, the ethernet MAC SA, the ethernet length or frame type, the video network destination address DA, the video network source address SA, the video network packet type, and the packet length of the packet meet the requirements, and if so, allocates a corresponding stream identifier (stream-id); then, the MAC deletion module 410 subtracts MAC DA, MAC SA, length or frame type (2byte) and enters the corresponding receiving buffer, otherwise, discards it;

the downlink network interface module 401 detects the sending buffer of the port, and if there is a packet, obtains the ethernet MAC DA of the corresponding terminal according to the destination address DA of the packet, adds the ethernet MAC DA of the terminal, the MAC SA of the ethernet protocol gateway, and the ethernet length or frame type, and sends the packet.

The other modules in the ethernet protocol gateway function similarly to the access switch.

A terminal:

the system mainly comprises a network interface module, a service processing module and a CPU module; for example, the set-top box mainly comprises a network interface module, a video and audio coding and decoding engine module and a CPU module; the coding board mainly comprises a network interface module, a video and audio coding engine module and a CPU module; the memory mainly comprises a network interface module, a CPU module and a disk array module.

1.3 devices of the metropolitan area network part can be mainly classified into 2 types: node server, node exchanger, metropolitan area server. The node switch mainly comprises a network interface module, a switching engine module and a CPU module; the metropolitan area server mainly comprises a network interface module, a switching engine module and a CPU module.

2. Video networking packet definition

2.1 Access network packet definition

The data packet of the access network mainly comprises the following parts: destination Address (DA), Source Address (SA), reserved bytes, payload (pdu), CRC.

As shown in the following table, the data packet of the access network mainly includes the following parts:

DA

SA

Reserved

Payload

CRC

wherein:

the Destination Address (DA) is composed of 8 bytes (byte), the first byte represents the type of the data packet (such as various protocol packets, multicast data packets, unicast data packets, etc.), there are 256 possibilities at most, the second byte to the sixth byte are metropolitan area network addresses, and the seventh byte and the eighth byte are access network addresses;

the Source Address (SA) is also composed of 8 bytes (byte), defined as the same as the Destination Address (DA);

the reserved byte consists of 2 bytes;

the payload part has different lengths according to different types of datagrams, and is 64 bytes if the datagram is various types of protocol packets, and is 32+1024 or 1056 bytes if the datagram is a unicast packet, of course, the length is not limited to the above 2 types;

the CRC consists of 4 bytes and is calculated in accordance with the standard ethernet CRC algorithm.

2.2 metropolitan area network packet definition

The topology of a metropolitan area network is a graph and there may be 2, or even more than 2, connections between two devices, i.e., there may be more than 2 connections between a node switch and a node server, a node switch and a node switch, and a node switch and a node server. However, the metro network address of the metro network device is unique, and in order to accurately describe the connection relationship between the metro network devices, parameters are introduced in the embodiment of the present invention: a label to uniquely describe a metropolitan area network device.

In this specification, the definition of the Label is similar to that of the Label of MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switch), and assuming that there are two connections between the device a and the device B, there are 2 labels for the packet from the device a to the device B, and 2 labels for the packet from the device B to the device a. The label is classified into an incoming label and an outgoing label, and assuming that the label (incoming label) of the packet entering the device a is 0x0000, the label (outgoing label) of the packet leaving the device a may become 0x 0001. The network access process of the metro network is a network access process under centralized control, that is, address allocation and label allocation of the metro network are both dominated by the metro server, and the node switch and the node server are both passively executed, which is different from label allocation of MPLS, and label allocation of MPLS is a result of mutual negotiation between the switch and the server.

As shown in the following table, the data packet of the metro network mainly includes the following parts:

DA

SA

Reserved

label (R)

Payload

CRC

Namely Destination Address (DA), Source Address (SA), Reserved byte (Reserved), tag, payload (pdu), CRC. The format of the tag may be defined by reference to the following: the tag is 32 bits with the upper 16 bits reserved and only the lower 16 bits used, and its position is between the reserved bytes and payload of the packet.

Referring to fig. 5, a flowchart illustrating steps of one embodiment of a video processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the method is applied to a video network, the video network is communicatively connected to an ethernet network, the video network includes a proxy sender, a video network server, and a proxy receiver, and the ethernet network includes a first site and a second site; the first site is in communication connection with the agent sending end, and the second site is in communication connection with the agent receiving end. The method is applied to a video playing system, and the video playing system can comprise at least one video network terminal and at least one remote control terminal, wherein the at least one video network terminal is connected with the at least one remote control terminal. The number of the video networking terminals can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the number of the remote control terminals can also be adjusted according to actual needs, which is not provided in the present application. Optionally, in this embodiment, a video network terminal and a remote control terminal are taken as an example.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

step 501, when the video networking terminal plays video stream data, the video networking terminal receives a screenshot instruction sent by the remote control terminal.

In one optional embodiment, the remote control end may send a connection request to the video network terminal, specifically, the remote control end may send the connection request to the video network protocol conversion server, the video network protocol conversion server may obtain a connection address of the connection request, and the video network protocol conversion server sends the connection request to the video network terminal corresponding to the connection address according to the connection address. The video network terminal can establish connection with the remote control terminal according to the connection request. After the connection with the video network terminal is established, the remote control terminal can send a screenshot instruction to the video network terminal to control the video network terminal to work. Preferably, the video network terminal may be provided with a display screen. The remote control terminal can send a screenshot command with a display screen of the video network terminal to control the video network terminal to perform screenshot operation.

Optionally, in one embodiment, after the connection is established, the remote control terminal sends a screenshot instruction to the terminal of the video network. The screenshot command sent can include a time command, an address command, a quantity command and the like. For example, if a plurality of video network terminals are connected with a remote control terminal, when the plurality of video network terminals play different video stream data, if a user wants to capture the video stream data played by a certain video network terminal, a capture instruction can be sent to the plurality of video network terminals, the video network terminals can analyze an address instruction of the capture instruction to obtain an address corresponding to the address instruction, if the address corresponding to the address instruction is the same as the address of the video network terminal, the video network terminals execute capture operation, and if the address corresponding to the address instruction is different from the address of the video network terminal, the video network terminals do not execute capture operation. The method and the system can facilitate the user to capture the screen when watching the video networking stream data played by a plurality of video networking terminals. Optionally, the remote control end may send one or more screenshot commands each time, and preferably, may send one screenshot command each time. Each screenshot instruction can also include a quantity instruction, a time instruction, an address instruction and the like, and it can be ensured that the video network terminal can perform screenshot operation according to each screenshot instruction in each sending.

In one example of this embodiment, if one video network terminal is connected to multiple remote control terminals, and the time for sending the screenshot command by each remote control terminal is different, the video network terminal analyzes the screenshot command sent by the multiple remote control terminals, obtains the time and address sent by the screenshot command, and performs screenshot operation according to the time and address of the screenshot command. Optionally, the screenshot instruction sent by the remote control end may further include a priority field, and the video network terminal may obtain the field in the screenshot instruction, determine the priority corresponding to the field according to the field, determine the field with the highest priority, and preferentially execute the screenshot operation of the screenshot instruction corresponding to the field with the highest priority. In a specific implementation, if the video network terminal is connected with a plurality of remote control terminals, the video network terminal also sequentially executes screenshot operations according to the sequence of receiving screenshot instructions.

In a preferred embodiment, the terminal of the video network may be provided with a display screen, the remote control terminal may send a screenshot command to the display screen through infrared rays, the display screen sends the screenshot command to the terminal of the video network, and then the terminal of the video network receives the screenshot command.

And 502, responding to the screenshot instruction by the video networking terminal, acquiring current image data of the video stream data and storing the current image data in a preset cache.

In one embodiment, the video network terminal may respond to the screenshot instruction, obtain a time instruction of the screenshot instruction, obtain current video stream data played currently according to the time instruction, store the current video stream data in a preset cache of the video network terminal, and operate the current video stream data in the preset cache by the video network terminal to store the current video stream data.

In one optional embodiment, if a plurality of remote control terminals send a screenshot instruction to the video network terminal, the video network terminal may add a label mark to the obtained current video stream data, so that each current video stream data may correspond to one remote control terminal to send the screenshot instruction.

In this embodiment, the size of the preset cache may be adjusted according to actual needs, for example, the preset cache may be 100 megabytes or 50 megabytes, or the cache of the video network terminal may be divided according to a proportion, for example, if the available cache of the video network terminal is 1 gigabyte, 10 percent of the available cache may be divided as the preset cache, which is about 100 megabytes, and the size of the preset cache may be specifically adjusted according to actual needs, which is not limited herein.

Step 503, the terminal of the video network generates an image file according to a preset format from the current image data.

In an optional embodiment, the video network terminal may generate the image file in a preset format from the current image data, where the preset format may be a file format preset by a user according to personal use requirements, or may be a fixed format. In one embodiment, the preset format may include: JPG,. bmp,. JPG,. png,. tif,. gif,. pcx,. tga,. exif,. fpx,. svg,. psd,. cdr,. pcd,. dxf,. ufo,. eps,. ai,. raw,. WMF,. webp, etc., may be adjusted according to actual needs, and the present application is not limited thereto.

In one embodiment, the terminal of the video network may generate an image file for the current image data in the preset buffer, and the image data may be quickly processed by using the preset buffer, so that the current image data may be generated into the image file.

Step 504, the video network terminal saves the image file to a preset storage path.

In an optional embodiment, the video networking terminal may store the image file to a preset storage path after generating the image file, where the preset storage path may be preset by a user or may be a path set in the video networking terminal. For example, there is a specific save folder in the video network terminal. The screenshot of the user is stored in the folder, and the user can call the screenshot from the video network terminal or take the screenshot conveniently.

And 505, after the video network terminal finishes storing, releasing the current image data of the preset cache.

In this embodiment, the video network terminal can release the preset cache after saving the image file, so that the power consumption of the video network terminal can be reduced, the efficiency of processing the image data by the video network terminal can be improved, and the video network terminal can run more smoothly.

In the optional embodiment of the invention, when the video networking terminal plays video stream data, the video networking terminal receives a screenshot instruction sent by the remote control terminal; the video network terminal responds to the screenshot command, acquires the current image data of the video stream data and stores the current image data in a preset cache; the video network terminal generates an image file from the current image data according to a preset format; the video network terminal saves the image file to a preset storage path; and after the video network terminal finishes the storage, releasing the current image data of the preset cache. According to the method and the device, when a user watches videos, the user can quickly acquire the video pictures of the user's mind instrument in real time and generate the corresponding screenshot image file, the screenshot image file is stored in a preset path, the user can take out the image file at any time, the user can operate conveniently, and the user experience is also improved.

It should be noted that, for simplicity of description, the method embodiments are described as a series of acts or combination of acts, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited by the illustrated order of acts, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are presently preferred and that no particular act is required to implement the invention.

Referring to FIG. 6, a flow chart of steps for one embodiment of a method of video processing of the present invention is shown; the method can be applied to a video network which is in communication connection with the Ethernet, wherein the video network comprises an agent sending end, a video network server and an agent receiving end, and the Ethernet comprises a first site and a second site; the first site is in communication connection with the agent sending end, and the second site is in communication connection with the agent receiving end.

Referring to fig. 7, a connection diagram of one embodiment of a video playing system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where the method is applied to a video playing system, and the video playing system may include at least one video networking terminal and at least one remote control terminal, where the at least one video networking terminal is connected to the at least one remote control terminal. The number of the video networking terminals can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the number of the remote control terminals can also be adjusted according to actual needs, which is not provided in the present application. The video playing system can further comprise a camera, and the camera can be connected with at least one video network terminal. Optionally, in this embodiment, a camera, a video network terminal, and a remote control terminal are taken as examples.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

step 601, the video networking terminal receives video stream data collected by the camera.

In one example of this embodiment, the terminal of the video network may obtain video stream data collected by the camera, and the camera may be responsible for collecting the video stream data and sending the video stream data to the terminal of the video network.

Optionally, the camera may be a camera built in the video networking terminal, for example, the video networking terminal may directly perform image acquisition through the built-in camera to generate video stream data. The camera may also be an external camera, such as a dual lens camera, a surveillance camera, an infrared camera, an analog camera, or a digital camera, among others. The video network terminal can be connected with the camera through a USB wire or an HDMI wire. The camera may be moved or rotated 360 degrees. The present application is not limited herein, and may be specifically adjusted according to actual needs.

The camera is used for collecting the image, so that video stream data can be quickly and directly obtained, the video stream data is clear in flow, the video network terminal can integrate the video stream data, the video stream data can be sent to other video network terminals, and the video stream data can be subjected to post-processing.

Step 602, the video network terminal receives a play instruction sent by the remote control terminal.

In an optional embodiment, the video network terminal may receive a play instruction sent by the remote control terminal, and the remote control terminal may send the play instruction to the video network terminal in a wireless manner, or may send the play instruction to the video network terminal in an infrared manner, and may specifically perform adjustment according to actual operations.

In one embodiment, the play instruction may include a play start instruction, a play pause instruction, a play stop instruction, a play time instruction, or the like. For example, after receiving a play instruction sent by a remote control end, a video network terminal analyzes the play instruction, wherein the play instruction comprises a play start instruction, a play pause instruction, a play stop instruction and a time instruction, the video network terminal responds to the play start instruction and the time instruction to play video stream data, and responds to the play stop instruction within a preset time interval to stop playing the video stream data.

In an optional example of this embodiment, after receiving the play instruction sent by the remote control end, the video networking terminal may send a play response to the remote control end, and may notify the remote control end. In this embodiment, the remote control end may set a preset time interval for sending the play instruction, and in the preset time interval, if the remote control end does not receive the play response sent by the video network terminal, the remote control end may send the play instruction to the video network terminal again. The preset time interval can be adjusted according to actual needs.

Step 603, the video network terminal responds to the playing instruction to play the video stream data.

In this embodiment, the video network terminal may respond to the play instruction sent by the remote control end to play the video stream data, and when the video network terminal plays the video stream data, the video network terminal may send a play response to the remote control end to notify the remote control end.

In a specific implementation, the video networking terminal may include a built-in display screen, and the video streaming data is played in the display screen, so that the video networking terminal is simpler, more convenient and faster. Optionally, the video networking terminal may also respond to the play instruction, send the video stream data to the plurality of video networking terminals, and then play the video stream data by the plurality of video networking terminals at the same time, thereby implementing video sharing.

Step 604, when the video network terminal plays video stream data, the video network terminal receives a screenshot instruction sent by the remote control terminal.

In one optional embodiment, the remote control end may send a connection request to the video network terminal, specifically, the remote control end may send the connection request to the video network protocol conversion server, the video network protocol conversion server may obtain a connection address of the connection request, and the video network protocol conversion server sends the connection request to the video network terminal corresponding to the connection address according to the connection address. The video network terminal can establish connection with the remote control terminal according to the connection request. After the connection with the video network terminal is established, the remote control end can send a screenshot instruction to the video network terminal to control the video network terminal to work. Preferably, the video network terminal may be provided with a display screen. The remote control terminal can send a screenshot command with a display screen of the video network terminal to control the video network terminal to perform screenshot operation.

Optionally, in one embodiment, after the connection is established, the remote control terminal sends a screenshot instruction to the video network terminal. The screenshot command sent can include a time command, an address command, a quantity command and the like. For example, if a plurality of video network terminals are connected with a remote control terminal, when the plurality of video network terminals play different video stream data, if a user wants to capture the video stream data played by a certain video network terminal, a capture instruction can be sent to the plurality of video network terminals, the video network terminals can analyze an address instruction of the capture instruction to obtain an address corresponding to the address instruction, if the address corresponding to the address instruction is the same as the address of the video network terminal, the video network terminals execute capture operation, and if the address corresponding to the address instruction is different from the address of the video network terminal, the video network terminals do not execute capture operation. The method and the device can facilitate the user to capture the screen when watching the video networking data played by the plurality of video networking terminals. Optionally, the remote control end may send one or more screenshot commands each time, and preferably, may send one screenshot command each time. Each screenshot instruction can also include a quantity instruction, a time instruction, an address instruction and the like, and it can be ensured that the video network terminal can perform screenshot operation according to each screenshot instruction in each sending.

In a preferred embodiment, the terminal of the video network may be provided with a display screen, the remote control terminal may send a screenshot instruction to the display screen through an infrared ray, the display screen sends the screenshot instruction to the terminal of the video network, and then the terminal of the video network receives the screenshot instruction.

And 605, the video network terminal responds to the screenshot command, acquires the current image data of the video stream data and stores the current image data in a preset cache.

In this embodiment, step 605 may include the following sub-steps:

in sub-step 6051, the video network terminal responds to the screenshot command to obtain the current image data of the video stream data.

In an optional embodiment, the video network terminal may respond to the screenshot instruction to obtain the current image data of the video stream data, the screenshot instruction may include a time instruction, the time instruction may include a timestamp, and the video network terminal may parse the screenshot instruction, obtain the timestamp, and obtain the current image data according to the timestamp. In one embodiment, the video network terminal may obtain image data of a current frame of the video stream data, where the image data of a frame may be YUV image data or RGB image data, and the video network terminal may further encode or decode the image data of the current frame.

In specific implementation, the video network terminal can acquire current image data of video stream data, and the video network terminal can acquire images which are more real-time and clearer, so that the video screenshot effect can be improved.

And a substep 6052, in which the video network terminal determines whether the definition of the current image data meets a preset condition.

In this embodiment, the video network terminal may determine whether the definition of the current image data meets a preset condition, for example, the preset condition is that the definition is 1080p or 720p, for example, the video network may determine whether the definition of the current image data meets the resolution of 720p, if the current image data meets the resolution of 720p, the video network terminal determines that the current image data meets the preset condition, and if the current image data does not meet the resolution of 720p, the video network terminal determines that the current image data does not meet the preset condition; the preset condition may also include a dragging effect, for example, the video network terminal may determine whether the current image data has the dragging effect, if the video network terminal determines that the current image data has the dragging effect, the video network terminal determines that the current image data does not satisfy the preset condition, and if the video network terminal determines that the current image data does not have the dragging effect, the video network terminal determines that the current image data satisfies the preset condition; the preset condition can also comprise whether the image data of the person is included, if the video network terminal judges that the image data of the person is included in the current image data, the video network terminal judges that the current image data meets the preset condition, and if the video network terminal judges that the image data of the person is not included in the current image data, the video network terminal judges that the current image data does not meet the preset condition.

In a specific implementation, the preset condition may be preset by a user, or may be preset by the terminal.

And a substep 6053, if the video network terminal determines that the definition of the current image data meets a preset condition, the video network terminal stores the current image data in a preset cache.

In one embodiment, if the video network terminal determines that the definition of the current image data meets the preset condition, the video network terminal may store the current image data in a preset cache, and the video network terminal may perform a file generation operation on the current image data in the preset cache. The method and the device can be used for facilitating the video network terminal to operate the current image, improving the efficiency of obtaining the screenshot and increasing the operation experience of the user. The current image data may be stored in a preset cache of the video network terminal, or may be stored in a memory of the video network terminal, which is not limited herein.

In this embodiment, step 605 may further include the following sub-steps:

in sub-step 6054, if the video network terminal determines that the definition of the current image data does not satisfy the preset condition, the video network terminal obtains the previous frame of image data or the next frame of image data of the current image data.

In this embodiment, if the video network terminal determines that the definition of the current image data does not satisfy the preset condition, the video network terminal acquires the previous frame image data or the next frame image data of the current image data. For example, the preset condition is to determine the resolution, the video network may determine whether the definition of the current image data meets the resolution of 720p, and if the current image data does not meet the resolution of 720p, the video network terminal determines that the current image data does not meet the preset condition, the video network terminal may obtain the previous frame image data or the next frame image data of the current image data; for example, the preset condition is a dragging effect, the video network terminal can judge whether the current image data has the dragging effect, if the video network terminal judges that the current image data has the dragging effect, and the video network terminal judges that the current image data does not meet the preset condition, the video network terminal can acquire the previous frame image data or the next frame image data of the current image data; for example, the preset condition is whether the image data includes the person image data, if the terminal of the video network determines that the current image data does not include the person image data, and the terminal of the video network determines that the current image data does not satisfy the preset condition, the terminal of the video network may obtain the previous frame image data or the next frame image data of the current image data.

In one embodiment, after acquiring a previous frame of image data or a next frame of image data of current image data, the video network terminal judges the previous frame of image data or the next frame of image data by using a preset condition, and if the previous frame of image data or the next frame of image data does not meet the preset condition, the video network terminal can acquire the previous frame of image data or the next frame of image data again until the acquired image data meets the preset condition; the number of times of judgment can also be set, for example, the judgment is performed for 3 times, and if the judgment result shows that the preset condition is not met for 3 times, the video networking terminal can store the current image data acquired for the first time into a preset cache.

And a substep 6055, storing the previous frame of image data or the next frame of image data to a preset buffer by the video network terminal.

In this embodiment, the video network terminal may store the previous frame of image data or the next frame of image data in a preset buffer, and generate an image file by using the previous frame of image data or the next frame of image data as image data. When watching video stream data, a user sees a certain image to capture a picture, and the user needs time from brain reaction to the control remote control end to send a picture capture instruction to the video network. The current image data acquired by the video network terminal may not be the screenshot image that the user wishes to acquire. For example, a user sees movie video stream data, a flying martial arts shot is arranged in the movie video stream data, the user wants to intercept the flying martial arts shot, the movie video stream data is transferred from the flying martial arts shot to a next martial arts shot from the next turn after the user responds to send a screenshot command, a dragging effect appears in an image of the flying martial arts shot transferred to the next turn, the video network terminal can judge that the current image data does not meet a preset condition, the video network terminal can obtain the previous frame of image data, the previous frame of image data is the image data of the flying martial arts shot, no dragging effect exists, and a screenshot file can be generated.

In the embodiment, the delay effect of screenshot can be reduced, the current image data can be quickly acquired, even if the operation of the user is delayed, the image data corresponding to the screenshot command issued by the user can be acquired, and the screenshot operation experience of the user is improved.

And 606, the video network terminal generates an image file according to the current image data in a preset format.

In one embodiment, after the video network terminal generates the image data into the image file, the image file can be automatically stored, or the image file can be presented to the user for the user to preview, so that the user can watch the screenshot effect and select whether to store the screenshot. And discarding the picture file which does not meet the screenshot condition of the user. Or after the screenshot is obtained, video stream data can be continuously played in the display screen; the image file can also be displayed in a certain specific area of the display screen, for example, in the upper left corner or the upper right corner, the display screen can still continue to play the video stream data, the user can continue to watch the video stream data, and when the user needs to acquire the screenshot again, the remote control end is controlled to send the screenshot instruction.

Or after the image data conversion is carried out to a certain degree, screening the converted image data, extracting the image data meeting the screening condition, storing the image data as an image, and discarding the image data not meeting the screening condition. Transformation and screening can also be performed simultaneously. Therefore, the video processing method of the embodiment can set the screening conditions by the user, and the device automatically captures the pictures meeting the screening conditions from the video, so that the subsequent manual screening step is omitted, the efficiency is improved, and the manpower is saved. And only the pictures meeting the screening conditions are stored, so that too much storage space is not occupied, and storage resources are saved.

Step 607, the video network terminal saves the image file to a preset storage path.

Step 608, after the storage of the terminal of the video network is completed, releasing the current image data of the preset cache.

Step 609, the video network terminal receives an exit instruction sent by the remote control terminal.

In one embodiment, the video network terminal may receive an exit instruction sent by the remote control terminal, where the exit instruction may include an instruction to stop video stream playing, an instruction to exit screenshot, and the like. The video network terminal can stop playing the video stream data according to the video stream playing stop instruction; the video network terminal can also continue to play video stream data according to the screenshot quitting instruction and stop starting the screenshot operation, and in the state, the user sends the screenshot instruction to the video network terminal through the remote control terminal, and the video network terminal can not execute the screenshot operation.

In this embodiment, the user may control the remote control end to send the quit instruction, or set the remote control end within a preset time to send the quit instruction to the video networking terminal. For example, the remote control terminal can send an exit instruction to the video network terminal within 50 minutes, and the user can capture a screenshot of video stream data played by the video network terminal within 50 minutes.

The remote control terminal sends the quit instruction to the video network terminal, so that a user or the remote control terminal can be prevented from mistakenly sending a screenshot instruction to the video network terminal, the video network terminal continuously conducts screenshot operation, the work of the video network terminal is delayed, and too many useless screenshots are generated. For example, if a sending button of the screenshot command of the remote control end is touched or pressed by other objects, the remote control end does not send the screenshot command to the video network terminal, the video network terminal can respond to the screenshot command to continuously screenshot video stream data, a plurality of screenshots which are not desired to be generated by a user can be generated, and resources are wasted.

And step 610, the video network terminal responds to the exit instruction to enter a standby state.

In this embodiment, the video networking terminal may respond to the exit instruction, may enter a standby state, and may stop playing the video stream data. In a specific implementation, if the video network terminal stops playing the video stream data, the video network terminal may be in a standby state, wait for the next wake-up of the user, and operate again, so as to reduce the power consumption of the video network terminal.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present application is applied to a video playing system, the video playing system includes a camera, a video networking terminal connected with the camera, and a remote control terminal connected with the video networking terminal; receiving video stream data collected by a camera through a video network terminal; the video network terminal receives a playing instruction sent by the remote control terminal; the video network terminal responds to the playing instruction and plays video stream data; when the video network terminal plays video stream data, the video network terminal receives a screenshot instruction sent by the remote control terminal; the video network terminal responds to the screenshot command, acquires the current image data of the video stream data and stores the current image data in a preset cache; the video network terminal generates an image file from the current image data according to a preset format; the video network terminal saves the image file to a preset storage path; after the video network terminal finishes storing, releasing the current image data which is preset and cached; the video network terminal receives an exit instruction sent by the remote control terminal; and the video network terminal responds to the exit instruction to enter a standby state. According to the method and the device, the video network terminal can capture a frame of video stream data in real time, then the frame of video stream data is coded to the appointed image format and stored in the file, so that a user can store a picture required by the user as a picture at any time when watching a video, the use experience of the user is improved, the operation difficulty is reduced, the captured picture is more in line with the expectation of the user, and the requirement of the user is met.

Referring to fig. 8, a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of a video processing system according to the present invention is shown, where the system is applied to a video network, and the video network is communicatively connected to an ethernet network, where the video network includes a proxy sender, a video network server, and a proxy receiver, and the ethernet network includes a first site and a second site; the first site is in communication connection with the agent sending end, and the second site is in communication connection with the agent receiving end; the system may include the following modules:

a receiving module 801, configured to receive, by the video networking terminal, a screenshot instruction sent by the remote control terminal when the video networking terminal plays video stream data;

an obtaining module 802, configured to, in response to the screenshot instruction, obtain current image data of the video stream data and store the current image data in a preset cache;

a production module 803, configured to generate an image file from the current image data according to a preset format by the video networking terminal;

a holding module 804, configured to store the image file to a preset storage path by the video networking terminal;

a releasing module 805, configured to release the preset cached current image data after the video network terminal completes storage.

Optionally, the system further comprises:

and the video network terminal responds to the playing instruction to play the video stream data.

Optionally, the system further comprises:

Optionally, the obtaining module includes:

the data acquisition module is used for responding to the screenshot command by the video network terminal to acquire the current image data of the video stream data;

Optionally, the obtaining module further includes:

For the embodiment of the video processing system, since it is basically similar to the embodiment of the video processing method, the description is relatively simple, and for relevant points, reference may be made to part of the description of the embodiment of the video processing method.

An embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus, including:

one or more processors; and

one or more machine-readable media having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform one or more video processing methods as described in embodiments of the invention.

Embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for enabling a processor to execute the video processing method according to the embodiments of the present invention.

The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, apparatus, or computer program product. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable terminal provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications of these embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all changes and modifications that fall within the true scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element.

The video processing method, the video processing system and the computer readable storage medium provided by the present invention are described in detail above, and the principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein by applying specific examples, and the descriptions of the above examples are only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A video processing method is applied to a video playing system, wherein the video playing system comprises a video networking terminal and a plurality of remote control terminals connected with the video networking terminal, and the method comprises the following steps:

the video network terminal responds to the screenshot instruction, current image data of the video stream data are obtained, and when the definition of the current image data meets a preset condition, the current image data are stored in a preset cache; the current image data comprises a label mark corresponding to a remote control end which sends the screenshot instruction; the preset conditions comprise no dragging effect and/or human image data;

the video network terminal saves the image file to a preset storage path;

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the video playback system further comprises a camera connected to the video networking terminal, the method further comprising:

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

5. A video processing system, the system comprising:

the receiving module is used for receiving a screenshot instruction sent by the remote control terminal when the video networking terminal plays video stream data; the video network terminal is connected with the plurality of remote control terminals;

the acquisition module is used for responding to the screenshot instruction by the video networking terminal, acquiring the current image data of the video streaming data, and storing the current image data into a preset cache when the definition of the current image data meets a preset condition; the preset conditions comprise no dragging effect and/or human image data;

the production module is used for generating an image file by the video network terminal according to the current image data in a preset format; the current image data comprises a label mark corresponding to a remote control end which sends the screenshot instruction;

6. The system of claim 5, further comprising a camera connected to the video networking terminal, the system further comprising:

the data stream receiving module is used for receiving video stream data collected by the camera by the video networking terminal;

7. The system of claim 5, further comprising:

8. The system of claim 5, wherein the acquisition module further comprises:

9. A video processing apparatus, comprising:

one or more processors; and

one or more machine-readable media having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any of claims 1-4.

10. One or more machine-readable media having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to perform the method recited by any of claims 1-4.