CN110458377A - The percutaneous exposure decision-making technique of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative - Google Patents
The percutaneous exposure decision-making technique of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 231100000481 chemical toxicant Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000012954 risk control Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 231100000616 occupational exposure limit Toxicity 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000036559 skin health Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 231100000045 chemical toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 231100000048 toxicity data Toxicity 0.000 claims description 4
- 231100000727 exposure assessment Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000028571 Occupational disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000647 material safety data sheet Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000002874 Acne Vulgaris Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017667 Chronic Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000004624 Dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010012442 Dermatitis contact Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000003351 Melanosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010040943 Skin Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000010247 contact dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012502 risk assessment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000075 skin burn Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 206010040882 skin lesion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000444 skin lesion Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000019 skin ulcer Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanide Chemical compound [Na+].N#[C-] MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/44—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the integumentary system, e.g. skin, hair or nails
- A61B5/441—Skin evaluation, e.g. for skin disorder diagnosis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
- G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
- G06Q10/0635—Risk analysis of enterprise or organisation activities
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of percutaneous exposure decision-making technique of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative, mainly solve the problems, such as that the percutaneous exposure assessment method scarcity of chemical toxicant in the prior art and administrative decision are difficult.The present invention is by using a kind of percutaneous exposure decision-making technique of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative, the percutaneous exposure grade assessment of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative is carried out using the percutaneous exposure decision system of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative, determine and provide different brackets skin exposure control management strategy, the system comprises information acquisition modules, skin hazard rating evaluation module, similar exposure group screening module, exposure factor data acquisition module, skin exposure grade computing module, skin risk class judgment module, the technical solution of skin risk control decision-making module preferably solves the above problem, it can be used in the percutaneous exposure decision of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of percutaneous exposure decision-making techniques of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative, are used for chemical toxicant
Percutaneously the assessment of exposed risk class determines and provides that different brackets skin exposure controls management strategy.
Background technique
The chemical toxicant that petroleum chemical enterprise worker contacts in operation process is organic solvent (steam) mostly, mainly have benzene,
Toluene, dimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, gasoline, diesel oil, styrene, dimethylformamide, phenol, methanol, hydrogen cyanide, acetonitrile, n-hexane and
Tens kinds of inorganic acid alkali etc., skin contact absorption is an important route of exposure for causing systemic toxicity profiles, can lead to contact
Dermatitis, melanose, occupational acne, occupational skin ulcer, the chemically skin lesions such as skin burn, after skin absorbs also
It will lead to other systemic symptoms.Since skin exposure assessment control method is deficient, the exposure of low concentration skin is caused repeatedly to be difficult to
It is associated with chronic disease, it is difficult to determine the interior dosage that skin exposure generates ratio shared in body accumulated dose.
For chemical toxicant percutaneously exposure harm, the safeguard procedures and management game of petroleum chemical enterprise's non-constituting criterion at present,
Although providing part personal protective equipment for worker, it is lack of pertinence, results in part post protective articles and be equipped with not
Foot, part post are equipped with excessive.Therefore it needs to establish a set of chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative suitable for petroleum chemical enterprise percutaneously exposed wind
Dangerous decision system.
Domestic scholars Lv Lin proposes a kind of skin contact/absorption semi-quantitative risk assessment method --- " noxious material wind
Dangerous stage division and the application in Pre-assessment of Occupational Disease Hazards project " (Chinese industrial medical journal, in the June, 2010 of volume 23
3rd phase, 226-229), consider skin health harm and two factors of exposure level, but do not segment cruelly in exposure level assessment
Reveal the factor, only qualitatively assess the exposure of skin and assign certain score value, this appraisal procedure does not account for skin
Exposed area, the exposure concentrations of skin, exposure frequency, skin residence time and the potential factors such as skin-penetrating, lead
Cause assessment result may with the biggish error of live physical presence, to mislead the decision of skin exposure control measure.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to the percutaneous exposure assessment method scarcity of chemical toxicant in the prior art and pipes
The problem of managing Decision-Making Difficulties provides a kind of new percutaneous exposure decision-making technique of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative, has
From the aspect of assessment element comprehensively, use aspect simplicity is easy-to-use, can provide total solution for skin exposure and be promoted
The advantages of quick disposing capacity.
To solve the above problems, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows: a kind of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative passes through
Skin exposure decision-making technique carries out petroleum chemical enterprise using the percutaneous exposure decision system of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative
The percutaneous exposure grade assessment of chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative determines and provides different brackets skin exposure control management plan
Slightly, the system comprises information acquisition module, skin hazard rating evaluation module, similar exposure group screening modules, the exposure factor
Data acquisition module, skin exposure grade computing module, skin risk class judgment module, skin risk control decision-making module；
By information acquisition module and skin hazard rating evaluation module, acquiring petrochemical operations scene has the possible chemistry of skin exposure
The information of substance assesses principle according to determining skin hazard rating, assesses chemicals skin hazard rating；Pass through similar exposure
Group screening module, exposure factor data acquisition module, skin exposure grade computing module, the skin for assessing each similar exposure group are sudden and violent
Reveal grade；By extracting skin hazard rating module and skin exposure grade computing module data, according to determining risk Metrics,
Determine skin exposure grade；According to different skin risk class, the applicability of existing skin risk control measure is assessed
And validity, while engineering improvement strategy, personal protection strategy, environmental monitoring strategy, occupational health examination strategy, urgent being provided
Disposal Strategies and suggestion.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, it is preferable that information acquisition module is by the application form for the term that standardizes, system acquisition stone
Change the information with the possible chemical substance of skin exposure in operation field.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, it is preferable that skin hazard rating evaluation module is obtained for link information acquisition module
Chemical toxicity information assesses principle according to determining skin hazard rating, assesses chemicals skin hazard rating.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, it is preferable that similar exposure group design of the screening module by standardization issue determines operation
Skin exposure in place is exposed group similar.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, it is preferable that exposure factor data acquisition module divides into five submodule acquisition skin exposures
Overview: (1) skin exposed area submodule DCA, for estimating under the premise of no wearing Individual protection equitment, skin exposure
Area grades；(2) skin exposure concentrations submodule DC uses the water saturation of the concentration or chemical substance of chemicals with workplace
Degree is as a reference to evaluation of skin exposure concentrations grade；(3) skin exposure frequency submodule DCF, with the frequency of exposure relatively of skin
Rate or skin exposure account for the percentage two ways of entire work shift to estimate the exposure frequency level of skin；(4) skin
Residence time submodule DRT estimates its exposure on skin or clothing with chemical molecule amount and volatile size
Time grade；(5) potential skin-penetrating submodule DPP, with fat-soluble and water-soluble, particulate matter the size of compound
And skin health assesses skin penetration possibility grade.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, it is preferable that skin exposure grade computing module is for linking exposed factor data acquisition mould
Block is calculated according to determining formula, to estimate the similar exposure group exposure grade of skin.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, it is preferable that skin risk class judgment module is for linking skin hazard rating module, skin
Skin exposure grade computing module determines skin exposure grade according to determining risk Metrics.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, it is preferable that skin risk control decision-making module is used for according to different skin risk class,
The applicability and validity of existing skin risk control measure are assessed, while engineering improvement strategy, personal protection strategy, ring being provided
Border monitoring policy, occupational health examination strategy, emergency action strategy and suggestion.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, it is preferable that chemical substance information includes quantity using chemicals, standardized work stream
Journey, physical security technical specification, toxicity data, the chemical substance for thering is " skin " to mark in occupational exposure limit.
The present invention solves the problems, such as that the percutaneous exposure assessment method scarcity of chemical toxicant and administrative decision are difficult, provides one kind
Skin exposure decision system is established for the assessment of skin exposure and judges benchmark, determines for the control management of skin exposure
Plan provides technical support.The present invention is to establish a set of skin exposure decision system, to carry out systematicness to skin exposure
Assessment and control management, have following several big features: (1) by information acquisition module and skin hazard rating compared with the prior art
Evaluation module, system acquisition petrochemical operations scene has the information of the possible chemical substance of skin exposure, according to determining skin
Hazard rating assesses principle, assesses chemicals skin hazard rating；(2) by similar exposure group screening module, exposure because of subnumber
According to acquisition module, skin exposure grade computing module, the skin exposure grade of each similar exposure group is assessed；(3) by extracting skin
Skin hazard rating module and skin exposure grade computing module data determine skin exposure according to determining risk Metrics
Grade；(4) according to different skin risk class, the applicability and validity of existing skin risk control measure are assessed, simultaneously
Engineering improvement strategy, personal protection strategy, environmental monitoring strategy, occupational health examination strategy, emergency action strategy etc. is provided to mend
Fill measure and suggestion；(5) a whole set of evaluation decision system, from the aspect of assessing element comprehensively, easy-to-use, energy easy in use
Total solution is provided for skin exposure and promotes quick disposing capacity, achieves preferable technical effect.
Detailed description of the invention
The percutaneous exposure decision system schematic diagram of Fig. 1 chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative.
The present invention will be further described below by way of examples, but is not limited only to the present embodiment.
Specific embodiment
[embodiment 1]
A kind of percutaneous exposure decision-making technique of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative, as shown in Figure 1, using petroleum chemical enterprise
The percutaneous exposure decision system of chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative carries out the percutaneous exposure grade of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative
Assessment determines and provides different brackets skin exposure control management strategy, and the system comprises information acquisition modules, skin
Skin hazard rating evaluation module, similar exposure group screening module, exposure factor data acquisition module, skin exposure grade calculate mould
Block, skin risk class judgment module, skin risk control decision-making module；It is commented by information acquisition module and skin hazard rating
Estimate module, acquisition petrochemical operations scene has the information of the possible chemical substance of skin exposure, endangered according to determining skin etc.
Grade assessment principle, assesses chemicals skin hazard rating；Mould is acquired by similar exposure group screening module, exposure factor data
Block, skin exposure grade computing module assess the skin exposure grade of each similar exposure group；By extracting skin hazard rating mould
Block and skin exposure grade computing module data determine skin exposure grade according to determining risk Metrics；According to difference
Skin risk class, assess the applicability and validity of existing skin risk control measure, at the same provide engineering improvement strategy,
Personal protection strategy, environmental monitoring strategy, occupational health examination strategy, emergency action strategy and suggestion.
Information acquisition module is by the application form for the term that standardizes, and system acquisition petrochemical operations have skin sudden and violent in scene
Reveal the information of possible chemical substance, chemical substance information includes pacifying using the quantity of chemicals, standardized work flows, substance
Full technical specification, toxicity data, the chemical substance for thering is " skin " to mark in occupational exposure limit.
Skin hazard rating evaluation module is used for the chemical toxicity information that link information acquisition module obtains, according to determination
Skin hazard rating assess principle, assess chemicals skin hazard rating.
Similar exposure group design of the screening module by standardization issue determines the similar exposure of Work places skin exposure
Group.
Exposure factor data acquisition module divides into five submodule acquisition skin exposure overviews: (1) skin exposed area
Module DCA, for estimating skin exposed area grade under the premise of no wearing Individual protection equitment；(2) skin exposure is dense
Submodule DC is spent, with workplace using the concentration of chemicals or the water saturation of chemical substance as a reference to evaluation of skin is sudden and violent
Reveal concentration scale；(3) skin exposure frequency submodule DCF accounts for entire work with the relatively exposed frequency of skin or skin exposure
Make the percentage two ways of shift to estimate the exposure frequency level of skin；(4) skin residence time submodule DRT, to change
Molecular weight of material and volatile size are learned to estimate its exposure duration grade on skin or clothing；(5) potential skin is worn
Permeability submodule DPP is assessed with fat-soluble and water-soluble, particulate matter the size and skin health of compound
Skin penetration possibility grade.
Skin exposure grade computing module is counted for linking exposed factor data acquisition module according to determining formula
It calculates, to estimate the similar exposure group exposure grade of skin.
Skin risk class judgment module is pressed for linking skin hazard rating module, skin exposure grade computing module
According to determining risk Metrics, skin exposure grade is determined.
Skin risk control decision-making module is used to assess existing skin risk control according to different skin risk class and arrange
The applicability and validity applied, while engineering improvement strategy, personal protection strategy, environmental monitoring strategy, occupational health inspection being provided
Look into strategy, emergency action strategy and suggestion.
[embodiment 2]
A kind of percutaneous exposure decision-making technique of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative, as shown in Figure 1, establishing a set of chemistry
The percutaneous exposure decision system of poisonous substance sxemiquantitative, to carry out systemic assessment and control management to skin exposure.
(1) information acquisition module: being by the application form for the term that standardizes, system acquisition petrochemical operations have skin in scene
The possible chemical substance information of skin exposure, quantity, standardized work flows, physical security technology explanation including using chemicals
Book, toxicity data, the chemical substance for thering is " skin " to mark in occupational exposure limit etc.；
(2) skin hazard rating evaluation module: the chemical toxicity information that link information acquisition module obtains, according to determination
Skin hazard rating assess principle (being shown in Table 1), assess chemicals skin hazard rating；
1 skin hazard rating of table assesses table
(3) similar exposure group screening module: by the design of series of standards problem, the exposure of Work places skin is determined
Similar exposed group；
(4) exposure factor data acquisition module divides into five submodule acquisition skin exposure overviews:
● skin exposed area submodule (DCA): for estimating skin under the premise of no wearing Individual protection equitment
Exposed area grade, is shown in Table 2；
Table 2 skin exposed area (DCA) grade
● the water saturation of the concentration or chemical substance of chemicals skin exposure concentrations submodule (DC): is used with workplace
Degree is as a reference to evaluation of skin exposure concentrations grade, is shown in Table 3；
Table 3 skin exposure concentrations (DC) grade
● entire work skin exposure frequency submodule (DCF): is accounted for the relatively exposed frequency of skin or skin exposure
The percentage two ways of shift estimates the exposure frequency level of skin, is shown in Table 4；
4 skin of table exposes frequency (DCF) grade
● skin residence time submodule (DRT): estimate it in skin with chemical molecule amount and volatile size
Exposure duration grade on skin or clothing, is shown in Table 5；
Table 5 skin residence time (DRT) grade
● potential skin-penetrating submodule (DPP): with compound fat-soluble and water-soluble, particulate matter size with
And skin health assesses skin penetration possibility grade, is shown in Table 6.
Potential skin-penetrating (DPP) grade of table 6
(5) skin exposure grade computing module: exposure factor data acquisition module is linked, according to following equation meter
It calculates, to estimate the skin exposure grade of the similar exposure group of skin, is shown in Table 7.
7 skin exposure grade of table
(6) skin risk class judgment module: link skin hazard rating module, skin exposure grade computing module are pressed
According to determining risk Metrics, determines skin exposure grade, be shown in Table 8.
8 skin exposure evaluating matrix of table
(7) it skin risk control decision-making module: according to different skin risk class, assesses existing skin risk control and arranges
The applicability and validity applied, while engineering improvement strategy, personal protection strategy, environmental monitoring strategy, occupational health inspection being provided
Look into the supplement measure and suggestion of the skins exposure decisions such as strategy, emergency action strategy.
[embodiment 3]
By taking certain Petrochemical Enterprises as an example, common refinery device includes atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit, catalytic cracking unit, delay coke makeup
Set, add hydrogen combined unit etc., the chemical toxicant that a line operative employee may percutaneously contact mainly has alkane, alkene, benzene and its derivative
Object, petroleum-type etc., present case is by taking common n-hexane as an example.Safeguard procedures include: entire production process whole pipeline, closed
Change, outdoor frame, well-ventilated, implements automation control；Outer five class three of behaviour's work operating, works 8 hours, daily equipped with protection
Clothes, breathing mask (being worn when charging), mask, rubber and leaching plastic matter gloves.
Skin contact reason: exposure contact, individual process cause worker to wear in air for the splash of chemicals accident, skin
Personal protective equipment is inconvenient.
1, skin hazard rating evaluation module: by link information acquisition module obtain n-hexane MSDS, determine just oneself
The skin hazard rating of alkane is 2 (medium but reversible skins or general toxicity)；
2, similar exposure group screening module: by the design of series of standards problem, the similar sudden and violent of this assessment is determined
Dew group is outer behaviour's work；
3, skin exposure exposure factor data acquisition module: is acquired by following five submodules:
1) skin exposed area submodule (DCA): since scene has more stringent safeguard procedures, DCA value
For 2 (skin exposed area is very small)；
2) skin exposure concentrations submodule (DC): by being learnt to n-hexane concentration monitor in workplace air, just oneself
The time weight mean exposure concentration and short-time contact concentration of alkane well below the requirement of Occupational exposure limit standard,
Therefore, DC value is 2 (concentration that may contact skin is very low)；
3) skin exposure frequency submodule (DCF): based on inspection operation, each shift patrols outer behaviour's work in Work places
The inspection time about 2-3 hour, accounts for 8 hours 25%-37.5% of net cycle time, and (exposure duration is not in shift for 3 for DCF value
To 50%)；
4) skin residence time submodule (DRT): the molecular weight of n-hexane is 86.18, saturated vapour pressure 17kPa (20
DEG C), therefore, DRT value is 2 (may be trapped in skin the preceding paragraph time)；
5) potential skin-penetrating submodule (DPP): n-hexane is not soluble in water, and it is most organic to be soluble in ethyl alcohol, ether etc.
Solvent, DPP value are 4 (good fat-soluble and water-soluble).
4, skin exposure grade computing module: linking exposure factor data acquisition module, calculate according to following equation,
Come estimate skin it is similar exposure group skin exposure grade, skin exposure grade=DCA × DC × DCF × DRT × DPP=2 ×
2 × 3 × 2 × 4=96, skin exposure grade are 3 grades (65~256).
5, skin risk class judgment module: link skin hazard rating module, skin exposure grade computing module, according to
Determining risk Metrics determine that skin exposure grade is high risk.
6, skin risk control decision-making module: it is evaluated as the skin exposure grade of high risk, engineering need to be provided simultaneously
The skins such as improvement strategy, personal protection strategy, environmental monitoring strategy, occupational health examination strategy, emergency action strategy expose wind
Dangerous control measure, evaluated existing skin risk control measure are applicable and effective.
[embodiment 4]
By taking acrylonitrile combined unit as an example, acrylonitrile combined unit is by propylene ammmoxidation process, by propylene, ammonia and oxygen
Synthesis of acrylonitrile.The chemical toxicant that one line operative employee may percutaneously contact is acrylonitrile.Safeguard procedures include: entire production process
Whole pipelines, closure, outdoor frame, well-ventilated implement automation control；Outer five class three of behaviour's work operating, works 8 daily
Hour, equipped with protective garment, breathing mask (being worn when charging), mask, rubber and leaching plastic matter gloves.Skin contact reason:
Exposure contact, individual process cause worker to wear personal protective equipment inconvenience in air for the splash of chemicals accident, skin.
1, skin hazard rating evaluation module: the MSDS of acrylonitrile is obtained by link information acquisition module, determines propylene
The skin hazard rating of nitrile is 3 (irreversible or chronic skin or general toxicity or sensitization)；
2, similar exposure group screening module: by the design of series of standards problem, the similar sudden and violent of this assessment is determined
Dew group is outer behaviour's work；
3, skin exposure exposure factor data acquisition module: is acquired by following five submodules
1) skin exposed area submodule (DCA): since scene has more stringent safeguard procedures, DCA value
For 2 (skin exposed area is very small)；
2) skin exposure concentrations submodule (DC): by being learnt to acrylonitrile concentration monitoring in workplace air, propylene
The time weight mean exposure concentration of nitrile is 0.03-0.65mg/m3, short-time contact concentration is 0.15-1.05 mg/m3, meet
The requirement of Occupational exposure limit standard, therefore, DC value are 2 (concentration that may contact skin is very low)；
3) skin exposure frequency submodule (DCF): based on inspection operation, each shift patrols outer behaviour's work in Work places
The inspection time about 2-3 hour, accounts for 8 hours 25%-37.5% of net cycle time, and (exposure duration is not in shift for 3 for DCF value
To 50%)；
4) skin residence time submodule (DRT): the molecular weight of acrylonitrile is 53, saturated vapour pressure 11.07kPa (20
DEG C), therefore, DRT value is 2 (may be trapped in skin the preceding paragraph time)；
5) potential skin-penetrating submodule (DPP): acrylonitrile is slightly soluble in water, is soluble in most organic solvents, DPP value
For 4 (good fat-soluble and water-soluble).
4, skin exposure grade computing module: linking exposure factor data acquisition module, calculate according to following equation,
Come estimate skin it is similar exposure group skin exposure grade, skin exposure grade=DCA × DC × DCF × DRT × DPP=2 ×
2 × 3 × 2 × 4=96, skin exposure grade are 3 grades (65~256).
5, skin risk class judgment module: link skin hazard rating module, skin exposure grade computing module, according to
Determining risk Metrics determine that skin exposure grade is high risk.
6, skin risk control decision-making module: it is evaluated as the skin exposure grade of high risk, engineering need to be provided simultaneously
The skins such as improvement strategy, personal protection strategy, environmental monitoring strategy, occupational health examination strategy, emergency action strategy expose wind
Dangerous control measure, evaluated existing skin risk control measure are applicable and effective.
[comparative example]
According to " noxious material method for risk stratification and the application in Pre-assessment of Occupational Disease Hazards project " (Chinese industrial doctor
Learn magazine, the 3rd phase of volume 23 in June, 2010,226-229), the assessment of skin exposure is carried out to above-mentioned case, as a result as follows:
1, skin contact/absorption hazard rating is classified: the skin contact of acrylonitrile/absorption hazard rating HRskinIt is 4；
2, skin contact/absorption exposure level is classified: in the case where comprehensively considering Work places safeguard procedures, not being examined
Consider in the case where wearing personal protective equipment, exposure classification ERskinValue is 2 (skin contacts that may have the short time)；
3, skin contact/absorption risk stratification: pass through formula Riskskin=HRskin×ERskin=8, it is medium risk；
4, risk control decision: it is recommended that using impermeable gloves but being not required；Under normal circumstances without taking engineering
The measures such as control or chemicals substitution.
Comparative result: risk evaluation result of the present invention is high risk, and literature method risk evaluation result is medium risk,
For different risk stratifications, it is desirable that the risk control measure taken is not also identical, but according to certain acrylonitrile combined unit
Field investigation discovery, the sample size for contacting the exposed population group of cyanides (including acrylonitrile, sodium sulfocyanate and Cymag) are
429 people, wherein 132 people suffer from dermatitis, illness rate 30.8%, it is clear that it is inappropriate for being evaluated as medium risk.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of percutaneous exposure decision-making technique of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative, using petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant semidefinite
Measure percutaneous exposure decision system carry out the percutaneous exposure grade assessment of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative, determine and
Different brackets skin exposure is provided and controls management strategy, the system comprises information acquisition module, skin hazard ratings to comment
Estimate module, similar exposure group screening module, exposure factor data acquisition module, skin exposure grade computing module, skin risk
Grade judgment module, skin risk control decision-making module；Pass through information acquisition module and skin hazard rating evaluation module, acquisition
Petrochemical operations scene has the information of the possible chemical substance of skin exposure, assesses principle according to determining skin hazard rating,
Assess chemicals skin hazard rating；Pass through similar exposure group screening module, exposure factor data acquisition module, skin exposure etc.
Grade computing module assesses the skin exposure grade of each similar exposure group；By extracting skin hazard rating module and skin exposure
Class computing module data determine skin exposure grade according to determining risk Metrics；According to different skin risks etc.
Grade, assesses the applicability and validity of existing skin risk control measure, while providing engineering improvement strategy, personal protection plan
Summary, environmental monitoring strategy, occupational health examination strategy, emergency action strategy and suggestion.
2. the percutaneous exposure decision-making technique of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Information acquisition module is by the application form for the term that standardizes, and system acquisition petrochemical operations have skin exposure possible in scene
The information of chemical substance.
3. the percutaneous exposure decision-making technique of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Skin hazard rating evaluation module is used for the chemical toxicity information that link information acquisition module obtains, and endangers according to determining skin
Evil grade assesses principle, assesses chemicals skin hazard rating.
4. the percutaneous exposure decision-making technique of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Similar exposure group design of the screening module by standardization issue determines that the exposure of Work places skin is exposed group similar.
5. the percutaneous exposure decision-making technique of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Exposure factor data acquisition module divides into five submodule acquisition skin exposure overviews: (1) skin exposed area submodule DCA,
For estimating skin exposed area grade under the premise of no wearing Individual protection equitment；(2) skin exposure concentrations submodule
DC, with workplace using the concentration of chemicals or the water saturation of chemical substance as a reference to evaluation of skin exposure concentrations etc.
Grade；(3) skin exposure frequency submodule DCF accounts for entire work shift with the relatively exposed frequency of skin or skin exposure
Percentage two ways estimates the exposure frequency level of skin；(4) skin residence time submodule DRT, with chemical substance point
Son amount estimates its exposure duration grade on skin or clothing with volatile size；(5) potential skin-penetrating submodule
Block DPP assesses skin penetration with fat-soluble and water-soluble, particulate matter the size and skin health of compound
Possibility grade.
6. the percutaneous exposure decision-making technique of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Skin exposure grade computing module is calculated, to estimate for linking exposed factor data acquisition module according to determining formula
Survey the similar exposure group exposure grade of skin.
7. the percutaneous exposure decision-making technique of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Skin risk class judgment module is for linking skin hazard rating module, skin exposure grade computing module, according to determining
Risk Metrics determine skin exposure grade.
8. the percutaneous exposure decision-making technique of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Skin risk control decision-making module is used to assess being applicable in for existing skin risk control measure according to different skin risk class
Property and validity, while providing engineering improvement strategy, personal protection strategy, environmental monitoring strategy, occupational health examination strategy, tight
Anxious Disposal Strategies and suggestion.
9. the percutaneous exposure decision-making technique of petroleum chemical enterprise's chemical toxicant sxemiquantitative according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
Chemical substance information include using the quantity of chemicals, standardized work flows, physical security technical specification, toxicity data,
The chemical substance for thering is " skin " to mark in occupational exposure limit.
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