CN110457865B - Discrete element image modeling method based on digital speckle method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于沥青混合料数字化设计技术领域，具体涉及一种基于数字散斑方法的离散元图像建模方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of digital design of asphalt mixture, in particular to a discrete element image modeling method based on a digital speckle method.
背景技术Background technique
沥青混合料材料设计及优化是提高路面使用性能的关键，也是延长道路使用寿命，降低维修养护成本的重要途径。目前，传统的沥青混合料设计方法主要是基于室内试验，包括马歇尔设计方法和Superpave设计方法，基于试验的设计方法操作简单，但试验耗费人工和材料较多，数据离散性大。The design and optimization of asphalt mixture materials is the key to improving the performance of pavement, and it is also an important way to prolong the service life of the road and reduce the maintenance cost. At present, traditional asphalt mixture design methods are mainly based on laboratory experiments, including Marshall design method and Superpave design method. The experiment-based design method is simple to operate, but the experiment consumes more labor and materials, and the data is discrete.
考虑到传统沥青混合料设计方法存在的诸多问题，基于数值模拟技术的数字化设计方法已经开始在道路工程领域应用，其中，离散单元法以其在散体材料模拟中的优势，被广泛应用于沥青混合料力学性能预测。虽然离散元方法在模拟沥青混合料力学性能中具有一定的优势，但数值模拟参数获取及精确性验证是制约数字化设计推广应用的关键。传统的精确性验证方法只能从宏观上验证数字试件受力与真实应力应变曲线的一致性，但对于目前的沥青混合料非均质模型，尤其是基于图像建立的模型，宏观试验方法却无法实现细观局部的受力状况精确性验证。针对目前基于图像的离散元模型缺乏局部受力状况验证方法，本发明提出一种基于数字散斑方法的离散元图像建模准确性验证方法。Considering the many problems existing in the traditional asphalt mixture design method, the digital design method based on numerical simulation technology has begun to be applied in the field of road engineering. Among them, the discrete element method is widely used in asphalt due to its advantages in the simulation of bulk materials. Prediction of mechanical properties of mixtures. Although the discrete element method has certain advantages in simulating the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures, the acquisition of numerical simulation parameters and the verification of their accuracy are the keys that restrict the popularization and application of digital design. The traditional accuracy verification method can only verify the consistency of the force of the digital specimen and the true stress-strain curve from the macroscopic point of view. It is impossible to verify the accuracy of the meso-local force condition. Aiming at the lack of a local force state verification method for the current image-based discrete element model, the present invention proposes a discrete element image modeling accuracy verification method based on a digital speckle method.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明要解决现有基于图像的离散元模型缺乏局部受力状况验证的问题，而提供一种基于数字散斑方法的离散元图像建模准确性验证方法。The present invention aims to solve the problem that the existing discrete element model based on image lacks the verification of local force condition, and provides a method for verifying the accuracy of discrete element image modeling based on the digital speckle method.
本发明基于数字散斑方法的离散元图像建模方法按以下步骤实现：The discrete element image modeling method based on the digital speckle method of the present invention is realized according to the following steps:
一、通过工业相机采集间接拉伸试验过程中沥青混合料断面图像，得到沥青混合料的断面图像；1. Collect the cross-sectional image of the asphalt mixture during the indirect tensile test through an industrial camera, and obtain the cross-sectional image of the asphalt mixture;
二、将步骤一得到的沥青混合料的断面图像导入数字散斑软件中，处理得到水平方向应变场分布信息；2. Import the cross-sectional image of the asphalt mixture obtained in step 1 into the digital speckle software, and process it to obtain the horizontal strain field distribution information;
三、通过数字图像处理技术提取步骤一沥青混合料的断面图像的砂浆位置矩阵，根据砂浆位置矩阵，从步骤二的沥青混合料应变场中提取砂浆位置应变场，得到数字散斑实测砂浆位置应变场分布；3. Extract the mortar position matrix of the cross-sectional image of the asphalt mixture in step 1 through digital image processing technology. According to the mortar position matrix, extract the mortar position strain field from the asphalt mixture strain field in step 2 to obtain the digital speckle measured mortar position strain field distribution;
四、根据沥青混合料的断面图像中集料位置矩阵和砂浆位置矩阵，(离散元建模过程中)在砂浆像素点位置构建砂浆颗粒，在集料像素点位置构建集料颗粒，设置离散元模型参数，从而建立沥青混合料间接拉伸试验离散元模型；4. According to the aggregate position matrix and the mortar position matrix in the cross-sectional image of the asphalt mixture, (during the discrete element modeling process) the mortar particles are constructed at the mortar pixel positions, the aggregate particles are constructed at the aggregate pixel positions, and the discrete element is set. model parameters, thereby establishing the discrete element model of the indirect tensile test of asphalt mixture;
五、在离散元模拟过程中，施加与步骤一中间接拉伸试验过程相同的荷载参数，并获得砂浆颗粒位置变化，进而得出基于离散元计算的砂浆应变场分布；5. In the discrete element simulation process, apply the same load parameters as in the indirect tensile test process in step 1, and obtain the position change of the mortar particles, and then obtain the mortar strain field distribution based on the discrete element calculation;
六、通过比较基于离散元计算的砂浆应变场均值与数字散斑实测砂浆位置应变场均值，进而量化两者应变场均值的差异，通过公式(1)计算应变场计算误差；6. By comparing the mean value of the mortar strain field calculated based on the discrete element and the mean value of the mortar position strain field measured by the digital speckle, and then quantifying the difference between the two mean values of the strain field, the calculation error of the strain field is calculated by formula (1);
式中：P—应变场计算误差百分率；In the formula: P—the error percentage of the strain field calculation;
εDEM——某一加载时刻离散元计算应变场均值；ε DEM - the mean value of the strain field calculated by discrete elements at a certain loading time;
εDIC——某一加载时刻数字散斑实测应变场均值；ε DIC ——Mean value of measured strain field of digital speckle at a certain loading time;
七、将应变场计算误差百分率P作为评价离散元建模精确性的细观评价指标，若P值超过建模误差要求，则对步骤四中离散元模型参数进行调整，直至误差百分率P小于误差要求，从而完成基于数字散斑方法的离散元图像建模。7. Use the strain field calculation error percentage P as the meso-evaluation index for evaluating the accuracy of discrete element modeling. If the P value exceeds the modeling error requirement, adjust the discrete element model parameters in step 4 until the error percentage P is less than the error requirements, so as to complete the discrete element image modeling based on the digital speckle method.
本发明基于数字散斑方法的离散元图像建模准确性验证方法首先通过工业相机采集间接拉伸试验过程沥青混合料断面图像，进而通过数字图像处理技术获取沥青砂浆和集料的位置矩阵，分别采用数字散斑方法和离散元方法获取砂浆位置应变场分布，提出离散元计算应变场与数字散斑实测应变场误差百分率，从而在细观尺度上评价基于图像的离散元模型计算精确性，从而优化离散元模型的建立。The method for verifying the accuracy of discrete element image modeling based on the digital speckle method of the present invention first collects the cross-sectional image of the asphalt mixture during the indirect tensile test through an industrial camera, and then obtains the position matrix of the asphalt mortar and aggregate through the digital image processing technology, respectively. The digital speckle method and discrete element method are used to obtain the strain field distribution of the mortar position, and the error percentage between the discrete element calculation strain field and the digital speckle measured strain field is proposed, so as to evaluate the calculation accuracy of the image-based discrete element model on the mesoscopic scale. Optimizing the establishment of discrete element models.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是实施例步骤一得到的沥青混合料断面图像；Fig. 1 is the sectional image of the asphalt mixture obtained in step 1 of the embodiment;
图2是实施例步骤二得到的水平方向应变场分布图；Fig. 2 is a horizontal direction strain field distribution diagram obtained in step 2 of the embodiment;
图3是实施例步骤三得到的数字散斑实测砂浆位置应变场分布图；Fig. 3 is the digital speckle measured mortar position strain field distribution diagram obtained in step 3 of the embodiment;
图4是实施例步骤四得到的离散元模型图；Fig. 4 is the discrete element model diagram that embodiment step 4 obtains;
图5是实施例步骤六中基于离散元计算的砂浆应变场分布图；Fig. 5 is the mortar strain field distribution diagram based on discrete element calculation in the sixth embodiment;
图6是实施例步骤六中与离散元模型颗粒位置对应的数字散斑实测砂浆位置应变场分布图；Fig. 6 is the strain field distribution diagram of the measured mortar position of the digital speckle corresponding to the particle position of the discrete element model in step 6 of the embodiment;
图7是实施例步骤六中基于离散元计算的砂浆应变场均值与数字散斑实测砂浆位置应变场均值对比图，其中▲代表基于离散元计算的砂浆应变场均值，■代表数字散斑实测砂浆位置应变场均值。Figure 7 is a comparison diagram of the mean value of the mortar strain field calculated based on discrete element and the mean value of the mortar position strain field measured by digital speckle in step 6 of the embodiment, wherein ▲ represents the mean value of the mortar strain field calculated based on the discrete element, and ■ represents the measured mortar value of digital speckle The mean value of the position strain field.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
具体实施方式一：本实施方式基于数字散斑方法的离散元图像建模方法按以下步骤实施：Embodiment 1: The discrete element image modeling method based on the digital speckle method in this embodiment is implemented according to the following steps:
一、通过工业相机采集间接拉伸试验过程中沥青混合料断面图像，得到沥青混合料的断面图像；1. Collect the cross-sectional image of the asphalt mixture during the indirect tensile test through an industrial camera, and obtain the cross-sectional image of the asphalt mixture;
二、将步骤一得到的沥青混合料的断面图像导入数字散斑软件中，处理得到水平方向应变场分布信息；2. Import the cross-sectional image of the asphalt mixture obtained in step 1 into the digital speckle software, and process it to obtain the horizontal strain field distribution information;
三、通过数字图像处理技术提取步骤一沥青混合料的断面图像的砂浆位置矩阵，根据砂浆位置矩阵，从步骤二的沥青混合料应变场中提取砂浆位置应变场，得到数字散斑实测砂浆位置应变场分布；3. Extract the mortar position matrix of the cross-sectional image of the asphalt mixture in step 1 through digital image processing technology. According to the mortar position matrix, extract the mortar position strain field from the asphalt mixture strain field in step 2 to obtain the digital speckle measured mortar position strain field distribution;
四、根据沥青混合料的断面图像中集料位置矩阵和砂浆位置矩阵，(离散元建模过程中)在砂浆像素点位置构建砂浆颗粒，在集料像素点位置构建集料颗粒，设置离散元模型参数，从而建立沥青混合料间接拉伸试验离散元模型；4. According to the aggregate position matrix and the mortar position matrix in the cross-sectional image of the asphalt mixture, (during the discrete element modeling process) build mortar particles at the positions of mortar pixels, construct aggregate particles at the positions of aggregate pixels, and set discrete elements model parameters, thereby establishing the discrete element model of the indirect tensile test of asphalt mixture;
五、在离散元模拟过程中，施加与步骤一中间接拉伸试验过程相同的荷载参数，并获得砂浆颗粒位置变化，进而得出基于离散元计算的砂浆应变场分布；5. In the discrete element simulation process, apply the same load parameters as in the indirect tensile test process in step 1, and obtain the position change of the mortar particles, and then obtain the mortar strain field distribution based on the discrete element calculation;
六、通过比较基于离散元计算的砂浆应变场均值与数字散斑实测砂浆位置应变场均值，进而量化两者应变场均值的差异，通过公式(1)计算应变场计算误差；6. By comparing the mean value of the mortar strain field calculated based on the discrete element and the mean value of the mortar position strain field measured by digital speckle, and then quantifying the difference between the two mean values of the strain field, the calculation error of the strain field is calculated by formula (1);
式中：P—应变场计算误差百分率；In the formula: P—the error percentage of the strain field calculation;
εDEM——某一加载时刻离散元计算应变场均值；ε DEM - the mean value of the strain field calculated by discrete elements at a certain loading time;
εDIC——某一加载时刻数字散斑实测应变场均值；ε DIC ——Mean value of measured strain field of digital speckle at a certain loading time;
七、将应变场计算误差百分率P作为评价离散元建模精确性的细观评价指标，若P值超过建模误差要求，则对步骤四中离散元模型参数进行调整，直至误差百分率P小于误差要求，从而完成基于数字散斑方法的离散元图像建模。7. Use the strain field calculation error percentage P as the meso-evaluation index for evaluating the accuracy of discrete element modeling. If the P value exceeds the modeling error requirement, adjust the discrete element model parameters in step 4 until the error percentage P is less than the error requirements, so as to complete the discrete element image modeling based on the digital speckle method.
具体实施方式二：本实施方式与具体实施方式一不同的是步骤一中工业相机的采样频率为10张/秒。Embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the sampling frequency of the industrial camera in step 1 is 10 frames per second.
具体实施方式三：本实施方式与具体实施方式一或二不同的是步骤一中所述的间接拉伸试验按照《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程》(JTG E20-2011)实施。Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that the indirect tensile test described in step 1 is implemented in accordance with the "Asphalt and Asphalt Mixture Test Regulations for Highway Engineering" (JTG E20-2011).
具体实施方式四：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至三之一不同的是步骤二中所述的数字散斑软件为VIC-2D。Embodiment 4: The difference between this embodiment and one of Embodiments 1 to 3 is that the digital speckle software described in Step 2 is VIC-2D.
具体实施方式五：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至四之一不同的是步骤四中离散元模型参数沥青砂浆颗粒接触刚度和粘度参数。Embodiment 5: The difference between this embodiment and one of Embodiments 1 to 4 is the discrete element model parameters in step 4, the contact stiffness and viscosity parameters of asphalt mortar particles.
具体实施方式六：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至五之一不同的是步骤五中离散元模拟过程采用PFC-2D软件模拟。Embodiment 6: The difference between this embodiment and one of Embodiments 1 to 5 is that the discrete element simulation process in step 5 is simulated by PFC-2D software.
具体实施方式七：本实施方式与具体实施方式一至六之一不同的是步骤七中建模误差要求低于5％，则离散元图像建模成功。Embodiment 7: The difference between this embodiment and one of Embodiments 1 to 6 is that the modeling error requirement in step 7 is less than 5%, and the discrete element image modeling is successful.
实施例：本实施例基于数字散斑方法的离散元图像建模准确性验证方法按以下步骤实施：Embodiment: The method for verifying the accuracy of discrete element image modeling based on the digital speckle method in this embodiment is implemented according to the following steps:
一、通过工业相机采集间接拉伸试验过程中沥青混合料断面图像，得到沥青混合料的断面图像，如图1所示；1. Collect the cross-sectional image of the asphalt mixture during the indirect tensile test through an industrial camera, and obtain the cross-sectional image of the asphalt mixture, as shown in Figure 1;
二、将步骤一得到的沥青混合料的断面图像导入数字散斑软件中，处理得到水平方向应变场分布信息，水平方向应变场如图2所示；2. Import the cross-sectional image of the asphalt mixture obtained in step 1 into the digital speckle software, and process the horizontal strain field distribution information. The horizontal strain field is shown in Figure 2;
三、通过数字图像处理技术提取步骤一沥青混合料的断面图像的砂浆位置矩阵，根据砂浆位置矩阵，从步骤二的沥青混合料应变场中提取砂浆位置应变场，得到砂浆位置应变场分布图，砂浆位置应变场分布如图3所示；3. Extract the mortar position matrix of the cross-sectional image of the asphalt mixture in step 1 through digital image processing technology. According to the mortar position matrix, extract the mortar position strain field from the asphalt mixture strain field in step 2, and obtain the mortar position strain field distribution map. The distribution of the strain field at the mortar position is shown in Figure 3;
四、根据沥青混合料的断面图像中集料位置矩阵和砂浆位置矩阵，离散元建模过程中，在砂浆像素点位置构建砂浆颗粒，在集料像素点位置构建集料颗粒，从而建立沥青混合料间接拉伸试验离散元模型，离散元模型如图4所示；4. According to the aggregate position matrix and the mortar position matrix in the cross-sectional image of the asphalt mixture, in the discrete element modeling process, the mortar particles are constructed at the mortar pixel positions, and the aggregate particles are constructed at the aggregate pixel positions, so as to establish the asphalt mixture The discrete element model of the material indirect tensile test is shown in Figure 4;
五、在离散元模拟过程中，施加与步骤一中间接拉伸试验过程相同的荷载参数，并获得砂浆颗粒位置变化，进而得出基于离散元计算的砂浆应变场分布，结合离散元中砂浆位置，提取出数字散斑实测砂浆位置应变场分布，如图5和图6所示；5. In the discrete element simulation process, the same load parameters as in the indirect tensile test process in step 1 are applied, and the position change of the mortar particles is obtained, and then the mortar strain field distribution based on the discrete element calculation is obtained. Combined with the mortar position in the discrete element , extracting the digital speckle measured mortar position strain field distribution, as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6;
六、通过比较(同一加载时刻)基于离散元计算的砂浆应变场(图5)均值与数字散斑实测砂浆位置应变场(图6)均值，进而量化两者应变场均值的差异，通过公式(1)计算应变场计算误差；6. By comparing (at the same loading time) the mean value of the mortar strain field (Fig. 5) calculated based on discrete element and the mean value of the mortar position strain field (Fig. 6) measured by the digital speckle, we can then quantify the difference between the mean values of the two strain fields, through the formula ( 1) Calculate the calculation error of the strain field;
式中：P—应变场计算误差百分率；In the formula: P—the error percentage of the strain field calculation;
εDEM——某一加载时刻离散元计算应变场均值；ε DEM - the mean value of the strain field calculated by discrete elements at a certain loading time;
εDIC——某一加载时刻数字散斑实测应变场均值；ε DIC ——Mean value of measured strain field of digital speckle at a certain loading time;
七、将应变场计算误差百分率P作为评价离散元建模精确性的细观评价指标，若P值超过建模误差要求，则对步骤四中离散元模型参数进行调整，直至误差百分率P小于误差要求，从而完成基于数字散斑方法的离散元图像建模。7. Use the strain field calculation error percentage P as a meso-evaluation index to evaluate the accuracy of discrete element modeling. If the P value exceeds the modeling error requirement, adjust the discrete element model parameters in step 4 until the error percentage P is less than the error requirements, so as to complete the discrete element image modeling based on the digital speckle method.
本实施例步骤四中设置集料颗粒接触法向刚度为55.5Gpa·m、切向刚度为22.2Gpa·m，砂浆颗粒接触麦克斯韦尔模型法向刚度为508.5MPa·m、法向粘度为325.8MPa·m·s、切向刚度为169.5MPa·m、切向粘度为108.6MPa·m·s，集料颗粒-砂浆颗粒接触麦克斯韦尔模型法向刚度为1007.8MPa·m、法向粘度为651.5MPa·m·s、切向刚度为336.4MPa·m、切向粘度为217.2MPa·m·s的模型参数。In step 4 of this example, the contact normal stiffness of the aggregate particles is 55.5 Gpa m, the tangential stiffness is 22.2 Gpa m, the normal stiffness of the mortar particles in contact with the Maxwell model is 508.5 MPa m, and the normal viscosity is 325.8 MPa m s, tangential stiffness 169.5 MPa m s, tangential viscosity 108.6 MPa m s, aggregate particle-mortar particle contact Maxwell model normal stiffness 1007.8 MPa m , normal viscosity 651.5 MPa ·m·s, model parameters with tangential stiffness of 336.4MPa·m and tangential viscosity of 217.2MPa·m·s.
本实施例步骤六中εDEM＝0.00241、εDIC＝0.00252和P＝4.4％，建模误差小于5％，表示建模成功。In the sixth step of this embodiment, ε DEM = 0.00241, ε DIC = 0.00252 and P = 4.4%, and the modeling error is less than 5%, indicating that the modeling is successful.
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