CN110456229B - Single-ended traveling wave distance measuring device of distribution line - Google Patents

Single-ended traveling wave distance measuring device of distribution line Download PDF

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CN110456229B
CN110456229B CN201910780881.6A CN201910780881A CN110456229B CN 110456229 B CN110456229 B CN 110456229B CN 201910780881 A CN201910780881 A CN 201910780881A CN 110456229 B CN110456229 B CN 110456229B
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phase
line
fault
traveling wave
wave
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CN110456229A (en
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施慎行
赵一名
董新洲
张广梅
武昌平
雷鸣
孙勇
张登利
汤铁军
胡红明
王银
陈航
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Tsinghua University
Liupanshui Power Supply Bureau of Guizhou Power Grid Co Ltd
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Tsinghua University
Liupanshui Power Supply Bureau of Guizhou Power Grid Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

Abstract

The invention provides a single-ended traveling wave distance measuring device of a power distribution line, which is used for the power distribution line with single-phase earth fault and comprises the following components: the data acquisition device is arranged at the measuring point position of the distribution line, and the processor is used for carrying out fault phase selection on the counter-heavy switching-on three-phase traveling wave, determining a fault phase traveling wave and a non-fault phase traveling wave, and carrying out phase-mode conversion processing on the fault phase traveling wave and the non-fault phase traveling wave to obtain a line-mode line consisting of a line-mode traveling wave containing a fault phase and a non-fault phase; determining the superposition component of the reclosing line mode traveling wave at a fault point according to a line mode row formed by the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the non-fault phase; and determining the distance between the fault point and the measuring point of the distribution line. The fault location device does not need to additionally install injection equipment, has low hardware investment and wide application range, does not need to acquire normal line reclosing wave recording data, has small impact on a power grid, and has good practical performance and economic performance.

Description

Single-ended traveling wave distance measuring device of distribution line
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power systems, in particular to a single-ended traveling wave distance measuring device of a power distribution line.
Background
The distribution line is used as the tail end of a power grid and is directly connected with a power consumer, is a bridge between the power grid and the consumer, bears the important task of safely and reliably distributing electric energy to a user terminal, and according to the statistics of the national power grid, more than 85% of the generated energy in China is transmitted to the consumer through the power distribution network. Meanwhile, the power distribution network is also a high-power-generation area of the power system fault, according to survey, more than 90% of power failure of the power system is caused by the distribution line fault, wherein the single-phase grounding short-circuit fault accounts for more than 85% of the total fault of the line, meanwhile, most of the single-phase grounding faults are not metallically grounded, and the transition resistance has a great influence on the traditional single-ended power frequency distance measurement method.
In recent years, the development of power distribution networks in China is increasingly accelerated, the scale of the power distribution networks is continuously enlarged, the number of branch circuits is increased, the length of the lines is increased, and the power load is rapidly increased, so that the power distribution networks become more and more complex. Compared with a power transmission line, the power distribution line has unique characteristics, and the power distribution line in China generally adopts a non-effective grounding mode of a neutral point, namely the neutral point is not grounded or is grounded through an arc suppression coil or a large resistor. Structurally, the open-loop operation mode of the closed-loop structure is adopted, the circuits are mostly of a radial structure in normal operation, the length of the circuits is short, the number of the circuit sections is large, and a large amount of wave impedance discontinuous points can be generated in the existence of branch loads and cables and overhead line hybrid circuits. Under the influence of the factors such as technology, cost, implementation difficulty and the like, the distribution line generally does not adopt space transposition, which can cause the three phases of line parameters to be asymmetric, and meanwhile, the access of asymmetric loads and the unbalance of loads carried by each phase can cause the three phases of loads to be asymmetric, so that the symmetrical operation of a system can be hardly ensured by the distribution line. Therefore, when a fault occurs, the fault point is quickly and accurately positioned, the fault can be timely eliminated, the power failure time is shortened, manpower and material resources can be saved, and the method has very important practical significance on the safe, stable and economic operation of a power distribution system.
In the existing fault location method, a single-ended traveling wave method is easy to implement, but the core of the single-ended method needs to identify fault point reflected waves, and in a distribution line, the existence of a large number of wave impedance discontinuous points generates great interference on single-ended traveling wave location, so that an algorithm fails and a location result is wrong. In addition, the existing single-ended traveling wave distance measuring device needs to be additionally provided with injection equipment and reclosing wave recording data according to different conditions, and is low in application range and high in production cost. Therefore, how to design a traveling wave distance measuring device with a wide application range and without being influenced by the discontinuous point, the transition resistance, the system operation mode and the load change is an urgent problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art.
The invention provides a single-ended traveling wave distance measuring device of a distribution line.
In view of the above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the data collector is disposed at a measurement point position of the distribution line, and is configured to acquire a time of a three-phase reclosing of the circuit breaker and collect a reclosing three-phase traveling wave of the measurement point after the time of the three-phase reclosing of the circuit breaker; the processor is connected with the data collector and used for performing fault phase selection on the reclosure three-phase traveling wave and determining a fault phase traveling wave and a non-fault phase traveling wave; and after the correction, carrying out phase-mode conversion processing on the fault phase traveling wave and the non-fault phase traveling wave through a Karenbauer (Karenbauer) matrix to obtain a line-mode traveling wave containing a fault phase and a line-mode traveling wave formed by a non-fault phase; determining the superposition component of the reclosing line mode traveling wave at the fault point according to the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode line formed by the non-fault phase; determining the distance between a fault point and a measuring point of a distribution line according to the superposed component and the three-phase reclosing time of the circuit breaker; the reclosing three-phase traveling wave comprises a three-phase voltage traveling wave or a three-phase current traveling wave; and the data transmission device is connected with the processor and is used for transmitting the fault point distance of the distribution line to the external equipment.
In this technical scheme, a single-ended traveling wave fault location device for single-phase ground fault of distribution lines is provided, includes: the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring data required by the calculation of the processor, namely acquiring the three-phase reclosing time of the circuit breaker when a single-phase ground fault occurs on a distribution line and acquiring the reclosing three-phase traveling wave at the three-phase reclosing time. The distribution line reclosing three-phase voltage or current traveling wave is generated by an equivalent power supply superposed on a line, and due to the fact that the line is coupled, the three-phase lines are mutually influenced in the transmission process. Therefore, the fault phase selection is performed on the reclosure three-phase traveling wave first, the fault phase and the non-fault phase are determined, the three-phase decoupling is realized through the corrected Karenbauer (karnebauer) conversion, the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode traveling wave formed by the non-fault phase are obtained, finally, the fault point superposition component is determined according to the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode traveling wave formed by the non-fault phase, and the accurate distance between the fault point and the measuring point is calculated according to the obtained superposition component and the collected three-phase reclosure time. The distance measurement result is not influenced by the wave impedance discontinuous point, the transition resistance and the system operation mode memory load change, the position of the fault point can be accurately and effectively determined, the method is suitable for both voltage traveling waves and current traveling waves, the application range is wide, reclosing wave recording data under other conditions are not needed, the impact on the power grid is small, and the method has good practical performance and economic performance.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the phase-mode conversion processing is performed on the fault phase traveling wave and the non-fault phase traveling wave through a corrected Karenbauer matrix, and the processor is specifically configured to determine the corrected Karenbauer matrix; and performing phase-mode conversion of an asymmetric line on the fault phase traveling wave and the non-fault phase traveling wave through the corrected Karenbauer matrix to determine the line-mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line-mode traveling wave formed by the non-fault phase.
In the technical scheme, in a power distribution network, due to the influence of factors such as cost, investment and construction difficulty, three-phase transposition is not generally adopted for a power distribution line, so that three phases of line parameters are asymmetric, and when phase-mode transformation is utilized to perform phase-mode transformation processing on a reclosure three-phase traveling wave, a Karenbauer (Karenbauer) matrix needs to be corrected, so that asymmetric line three-phase decoupling is realized.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the data transmission device is further configured to: acquiring a corrected Karenbauer matrix; the processor is specifically configured to: acquiring a wave impedance matrix; acquiring a correction matrix, and correcting the Karenbauer (Carnober) matrix through the correction matrix to obtain a corrected Karenbauer (Carnober) matrix; obtaining a modified Karenbauer matrix by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002176548030000031
S'ZS'-1＝HSZS-1H-1＝Zλ
Figure BDA0002176548030000032
wherein a, b and c are three phases of the line, Z is a line wave impedance matrix, H is a correction matrix, S' is a corrected Karenbauer matrix, and ZλFor a modified line wave impedance matrix, ZλIs a diagonal matrix, λαλβλ0Respectively, the α β 0 mode wave impedance.
In the technical scheme, if the three phases of the line are symmetrical, the phase-mode transformation is generally directly performed by using the Karenbauer transformation to realize the three-phase decoupling of the wave impedance matrix, but when the three phases of the line parameters are asymmetrical, the Karenbauer matrix needs to be corrected.
In the foregoing technical solution, preferably, a wave impedance matrix is obtained, and the processor is specifically configured to: obtaining a line wave impedance matrix by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002176548030000041
wherein Z is a line wave impedance matrix element, L is a line inductance parameter, and C is a line capacitance parameter.
In the technical scheme, each element in the line wave impedance matrix can be calculated by using the inductance parameter of the line and the capacitance parameter of the line through the formula.
In the foregoing technical solution, preferably, the line mode traveling wave including the faulty phase and the line mode row including the non-faulty phase are determined, and the processor is specifically configured to: the reclosing three-phase traveling wave is a three-phase voltage traveling wave, the fault phase traveling wave and the non-fault phase traveling wave are subjected to phase-mode conversion processing of an asymmetric line through the following formula, taking a phase-to-ground fault as an example:
Figure BDA0002176548030000042
Figure BDA0002176548030000043
the reclosing three-phase traveling wave is a three-phase current traveling wave, and the fault phase traveling wave and the non-fault phase traveling wave are subjected to phase-mode conversion processing of an asymmetric line through the following formula:
Figure BDA0002176548030000044
Figure BDA0002176548030000045
wherein, a phase is a fault phase, YαRepresenting said line-mode travelling wave, Y, containing a faulty phaseγLine mode travelling wave, U, representing the constitution of a non-faulted phaseaRepresenting a-phase voltage travelling wave, i.e. said fault-phase voltage travelling wave, Ub、UcRepresenting the b-phase voltage traveling wave and the c-phase voltage traveling wave, i.e. the non-fault phase voltage traveling waveWave, IaRepresents a travelling wave of the a-phase current, i.e. of said fault phase current, Ib、IcRespectively represent b-phase current traveling waves and c-phase current traveling waves, i.e., the non-fault-phase current traveling waves, ZaDenotes the a-phase self-wave impedance, ZbRepresents b-phase self-wave impedance, ZcDenotes c-phase self-wave impedance, ZabDenotes ab mutual wave impedance, ZacRepresenting ac mutual wave impedance, ZbcRepresenting the bc mutual wave impedance.
In the technical scheme, the reclosing three-phase traveling wave can utilize a three-phase voltage traveling wave or a three-phase current traveling wave to calculate a line mode traveling wave comprising a fault phase and a line mode traveling wave comprising a non-fault phase through different formulas, the three phases of the power system are respectively a phase, b phase and c phase, the a phase is grounded, namely the a phase is the fault phase, the b phase and c phase are the non-fault phases, namely the a phase voltage traveling wave is the fault phase voltage traveling wave, the b phase voltage traveling wave and the c phase voltage traveling wave are the non-fault phase voltage traveling waves, the a phase current traveling wave is the fault phase current traveling wave, and the b phase current traveling wave and the c phase current traveling wave are the non-fault phase current traveling waves.
In the foregoing technical solution, preferably, the step of determining a superimposed component of the reclosing line mode traveling wave at the fault point according to the line mode traveling wave including the fault phase and the line mode traveling wave composed of the non-fault phase is performed, and the processor is specifically configured to: respectively carrying out normalization processing on the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode traveling wave formed by the non-fault phase; calculating the normalized line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode traveling wave formed by the non-fault phase through the following formula to determine the superimposed component of the reclosing line mode traveling wave at the fault point:
Figure BDA0002176548030000051
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002176548030000052
showing the superimposed component of the reclosing line mode travelling wave at the fault point,
Figure BDA0002176548030000053
representing the normalized line mode travelling wave containing the fault phase,
Figure BDA0002176548030000054
and representing the line mode travelling wave formed by the normalized non-fault phase.
According to the technical scheme, the superposition component of the reclosing line mode traveling wave only at the fault point can be constructed according to the normalized line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the normalized line mode traveling wave composed of the non-fault phase and according to the superposition principle, so that when fault point location is carried out, normal line reclosing recording data do not need to be collected, data storage and data alignment are not needed, and the closing impact on a power grid is reduced.
In the foregoing technical solution, preferably, the line mode traveling wave including the faulty phase and the line mode traveling wave including the non-faulty phase are normalized respectively, and the processor is specifically configured to: normalizing the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode traveling wave formed by the non-fault phase by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002176548030000055
Figure BDA0002176548030000061
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002176548030000062
represents the normalized line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase,
Figure BDA0002176548030000063
representing line mode travelling waves, Y, of normalized non-faulted phaseαRepresenting line-mode travelling waves, M, containing faulted phasesαHead for representing line mode travelling wave containing fault phaseMaximum of individual modulus, YγLine mode travelling wave, M, representing the constitution of a non-faulted phaseγRepresenting the first modal maximum of the line mode traveling wave formed by the non-faulted phase.
In the technical scheme, a wavelet transform is adopted to solve a modulus maximum value, a first modulus maximum value and the occurrence time of the first modulus maximum value are determined, normalization processing is carried out on line mode traveling waves containing fault phases and line mode traveling waves containing non-fault phases according to the first modulus maximum value, and a superposition component only reflecting fault point information is obtained according to the line mode traveling waves containing the fault phases and the line mode traveling waves formed by the non-fault phases after the normalization processing.
In the foregoing technical solution, preferably, the processor is specifically configured to: calculating a modulus maximum by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002176548030000064
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002176548030000065
the modulus maxima of the wavelet transform at the j-th scale,
Figure BDA0002176548030000066
a wavelet component of a j-th scale representing the kth point data in the current layer; the wavelet components are calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002176548030000067
wherein f (n) represents a line mode traveling wave including a faulty phase and a line mode traveling wave including a non-faulty phase,
Figure BDA0002176548030000068
representing the approximation component of the j-th scale,
Figure BDA0002176548030000069
wavelet components representing the j-th scale, h (k), g (k) respectively representing corresponding filter parameters, etajRepresents the j scaleThe construction factor of (1).
In the technical scheme, the error of single-ended traveling wave distance measurement of the distribution line can be reduced by adjusting the parameters of the filter and multi-layer wavelet transformation, and the accuracy of fault point distance measurement is ensured.
In the foregoing technical solution, preferably, the calculation is performed according to the superposition component and the reclosing time to obtain a distance between the fault point and the measurement point, and the processor is specifically configured to: the distance between the fault point and the measurement point is determined by the following formula:
Figure BDA00021765480300000610
where x denotes the distance between the fault point and the measurement point, t1Indicating the reclosing time, t2And v represents the linear mode wave velocity of the reclosing linear mode traveling wave.
In the technical scheme, according to the reclosing moment, the moment corresponding to the first module maximum value of the superposition component of the reclosing line mode traveling wave at the fault point and the line mode wave speed of the three-phase voltage traveling wave or the three-phase current traveling wave, the distance between the fault point and the measuring point is determined through formula calculation, so that the fault point is quickly and accurately positioned, the line inspection burden is reduced, the acceleration of fault maintenance and the recovery of power supply are facilitated, the loss caused by power failure is reduced, the fault location does not need to additionally install injection equipment, the hardware investment is low, the method is suitable for both the voltage traveling wave and the current traveling wave, the application range is wide, the normal line reclosing recording data does not need to be acquired, the impact on a power grid is small, and the practical performance and the.
In the above technical solution, preferably, the data storage device is connected to the processor and is configured to store the distance between the detected fault point and the measurement point; and the power supply device is connected with the data acquisition device, the processor, the data transmission device and the data storage device and is used for supplying power to the data acquisition device, the processor, the data transmission device and the data storage device.
In the technical scheme, the data storage device can store the data transmitted by the data transmission device, the correction matrix and the Karenbauer matrix can be stored, transmission and acquisition are avoided to be carried out again when the same data are needed, the detection steps are effectively simplified, data loss can be prevented, and the power supply device supplies power for the whole ranging device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a single-ended traveling wave ranging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary power distribution network schematic according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a line-mode network with a failed phase according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 shows a line-mode network schematic of a non-faulted phase configuration according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a point of failure superimposed component network according to an embodiment of the invention.
Wherein, the corresponding relationship between the reference numbers and the component names in fig. 1 is:
100 single-ended traveling wave distance measuring device, 110 data acquisition device, 120 processor, 130 data transmission device, 140 data storage device and 150 power supply device.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein, and thus the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a single-ended traveling wave distance measuring apparatus 100 for a distribution line, which is suitable for a distribution line with a single-phase ground fault, wherein the apparatus includes: the data acquisition unit 110 is arranged at the measuring point position of the distribution line, and is used for acquiring the time of three-phase reclosing of the circuit breaker and acquiring a reclosing three-phase traveling wave of the measuring point after the time of three-phase reclosing of the circuit breaker; the processor 120 is connected with the data collector 110 and is used for performing fault phase selection on the reclosure three-phase traveling wave and determining a fault phase traveling wave and a non-fault phase traveling wave; carrying out phase-mode conversion processing on the fault phase traveling wave and the non-fault phase traveling wave through the corrected Karenbauer matrix to obtain a line-mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and a line-mode row formed by the non-fault phase; determining the superposition component of the reclosing line mode traveling wave at the fault point according to the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode line formed by the non-fault phase; determining the distance between a fault point and a measuring point of a distribution line according to the superposed component and the three-phase reclosing time of the circuit breaker; the reclosing three-phase traveling wave comprises a three-phase voltage traveling wave or a three-phase current traveling wave; and the data transmission device 130, the data transmission device 130 is connected with the processor 120 and is used for transmitting the fault point distance of the distribution line to the external equipment.
In this embodiment, the distribution line network shown in fig. 2 is a typical distribution line, and compared with the transmission line, the distribution line has the following characteristics: the distribution line has a large number of discontinuous points of wave impedance, which can interfere with the refraction and reflection of the traveling wave in the traveling wave detection process, and the distribution line has asymmetric parameters and generally incomplete symmetric loads, wherein n in figure 41、n2、n3、n4Representing branch lines of a distribution line, L1、L2、L3、L4、LnRepresenting the load carried by the distribution line.
The embodiment provides a single-ended traveling wave ranging apparatus 100 for a single-phase ground fault of a distribution line, including: the data acquisition unit 110 is used for acquiring data required by calculation of the processor 120, namely acquiring the three-phase reclosing time of the circuit breaker when a single-phase ground fault occurs on a distribution line, and acquiring the reclosing three-phase traveling wave at the three-phase reclosing time. The distribution line reclosing three-phase voltage or current traveling wave is generated by an equivalent power supply superposed on a line, and due to the fact that the line is coupled, the three-phase lines are mutually influenced in the transmission process. Therefore, the fault phase selection is performed on the reclosure three-phase traveling wave first, the fault phase and the non-fault phase are determined, the three-phase decoupling is realized through the corrected Karenbauer (karnebauer) conversion, the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode traveling wave formed by the non-fault phase are obtained, finally, the fault point superposition component is determined according to the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode traveling wave formed by the non-fault phase, and the accurate distance between the fault point and the measuring point is calculated according to the obtained superposition component and the collected three-phase reclosure time. The distance measurement result is not influenced by the wave impedance discontinuous point, the transition resistance and the system operation mode memory load change, the position of the fault point can be accurately and effectively determined, the method is suitable for both voltage traveling waves and current traveling waves, the application range is wide, reclosing wave recording data under other conditions are not needed, the impact on the power grid is small, and the method has good practical performance and economic performance.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, since the line mode network including the failed phase includes the fault point-to-ground branch, propagation of the line mode traveling wave is affected by the fault point, and the line mode network including the non-failed phase does not include the fault point-to-ground branch, propagation of the line mode traveling wave is not affected by the fault point.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a single-ended traveling wave distance measuring device 100 for a power distribution line, which is suitable for a power distribution line with a single-phase ground fault, and performs phase-to-analog conversion processing on a fault-phase traveling wave and a non-fault-phase traveling wave through a corrected Karenbauer matrix, where a processor 120 is specifically configured to determine the corrected Karenbauer matrix; performing asymmetric line-mode conversion on the fault phase traveling wave and the non-fault phase traveling wave through the corrected Karenbauer matrix to determine a line-mode row consisting of the line-mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the non-fault phase; and obtaining the superposed component of the reclosing line mode traveling wave at the fault point according to the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode line formed by the non-fault phase.
In this embodiment, in the power distribution network, due to the influence of factors such as cost, investment, and construction difficulty, the distribution line generally does not adopt three-phase transposition, so the three phases of the line parameters are asymmetric, and when the reclosing three-phase traveling wave is subjected to phase-mode change processing by using phase-mode change, a Karenbauer matrix needs to be corrected, so that the asymmetric line three-phase decoupling is realized.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a single-ended traveling wave distance measuring apparatus 100 for a distribution line, which is suitable for a distribution line with a single-phase ground fault, and the processor 120 is further configured to: determining a modified Karenbauer matrix, and the processor 120 is specifically configured to: acquiring a correction matrix, and correcting the Karenbauer (Carnober) matrix through the correction matrix to obtain a corrected Karenbauer (Carnober) matrix; obtaining a modified Karenbauer matrix by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002176548030000101
S'ZS'-1＝HSZS-1H-1＝Zλ
Figure BDA0002176548030000102
wherein a, b and c are three phases of the line, Z is a line wave impedance matrix, H is a correction matrix, S' is a corrected Karenbauer matrix, and ZλFor a modified line wave impedance matrix, ZλIs a diagonal matrix, λαλβλ0Respectively, the α β 0 mode wave impedance.
In this embodiment, if the line is three-phase symmetric, the phase-mode transformation is generally directly performed by using the Karenbauer transformation to implement the three-phase decoupling of the wave impedance matrix, but when the line parameters are three-phase asymmetric, the Karenbauer matrix needs to be corrected.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a single-ended traveling wave distance measuring device 100 for a distribution line, which is suitable for a distribution line with a single-phase ground fault, and obtains a wave impedance matrix, where the processor 120 is specifically configured to: obtaining a line wave impedance matrix by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002176548030000103
wherein Z is a line wave impedance matrix element, L is a line inductance parameter, and C is a line capacitance parameter.
In this embodiment, each element in the line wave impedance matrix can be calculated by using the inductance parameter of the line and the capacitance parameter of the line through the above formula.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a single-ended traveling wave distance measuring apparatus 100 for a distribution line, which is suitable for a distribution line with a single-phase ground fault, and determines a line mode traveling wave including a fault phase and a line mode consisting of a non-fault phase, where a processor 120 is specifically configured to: the reclosing three-phase traveling wave is a three-phase voltage traveling wave, the fault phase traveling wave and the non-fault phase traveling wave are subjected to phase-mode conversion processing of an asymmetric line through the following formula, taking a phase-to-ground fault as an example:
Figure BDA0002176548030000111
Figure BDA0002176548030000112
the reclosing three-phase traveling wave is a three-phase current traveling wave, and the fault phase traveling wave and the non-fault phase traveling wave are subjected to phase-mode conversion processing of an asymmetric line through the following formula:
Figure BDA0002176548030000113
Figure BDA0002176548030000114
wherein, a phase is a fault phase, YαRepresenting said line-mode travelling wave, Y, containing a faulty phaseγLine mode travelling wave, U, representing the constitution of a non-faulted phaseaRepresenting a-phase voltage travelling wave, i.e. said fault-phase voltage travelling wave, Ub、UcRespectively representing the b-phase voltage travelling wave and the c-phase voltage travelling wave, namely the non-fault phase voltage travelling wave, YαRepresenting said line-mode travelling wave, Y, containing a faulty phaseγLine mode travelling wave, I, representing the constitution of a non-faulted phaseaRepresents a travelling wave of the a-phase current, i.e. of said fault phase current, Ib、IcRespectively represent b-phase current traveling waves and c-phase current traveling waves, i.e., the non-fault-phase current traveling waves, ZaDenotes the a-phase self-wave impedance, ZbRepresents b-phase self-wave impedance, ZcDenotes c-phase self-wave impedance, ZabDenotes ab mutual wave impedance, ZacRepresenting ac mutual wave impedance, ZbcRepresenting the bc mutual wave impedance.
In this embodiment, the reclosing three-phase traveling wave may use a three-phase voltage traveling wave or a three-phase current traveling wave to calculate a line mode traveling wave including a fault phase and a line mode traveling wave formed by a non-fault phase by different formulas, the three phases of the power system are respectively a-phase, b-phase and c-phase, the a-phase is grounded, that is, the a-phase is a fault phase, the b-phase and c-phase are non-fault phases, that is, the a-phase voltage traveling wave is a fault phase voltage, the b-phase and c-phase voltage traveling waves are non-fault phase voltage, the a-phase current traveling wave is a fault phase current traveling wave, and the b-phase and c-phase current traveling waves are non-fault phase current traveling waves.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a single-ended traveling wave distance measuring device 100 for a distribution line, which is suitable for a distribution line with a single-phase ground fault, and includes a step of determining a superimposed component of a reclosing line mode traveling wave at a fault point according to a line mode traveling wave including a fault phase and a line mode line composed of a non-fault phase, where a processor 120 is specifically configured to: respectively carrying out normalization processing on the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode traveling wave formed by the non-fault phase;
calculating the normalized line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode traveling wave formed by the non-fault phase through the following formula to determine the superimposed component of the reclosing line mode traveling wave at the fault point:
Figure BDA0002176548030000121
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002176548030000122
showing the superimposed component of the reclosing line mode travelling wave at the fault point,
Figure BDA0002176548030000123
representing the normalized line mode travelling wave containing the fault phase,
Figure BDA0002176548030000124
and representing the line mode travelling wave formed by the normalized non-fault phase.
In the embodiment, the superimposed component of the reclosing line mode traveling wave only at the fault point can be constructed according to the normalized line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the normalized line mode traveling wave composed of the non-fault phase and according to the superposition principle, so that the normal line reclosing recording data does not need to be collected when fault point location is carried out, data storage and data alignment are not needed, and the closing impact on a power grid is reduced.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a single-ended traveling wave distance measuring apparatus 100 for a distribution line, which is suitable for a distribution line with a single-phase ground fault, and respectively normalizes a line mode traveling wave including a fault phase and a line mode traveling wave including a non-fault phase, where the processor 120 is specifically configured to: normalizing the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002176548030000125
Figure BDA0002176548030000126
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002176548030000127
represents the normalized line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase,
Figure BDA0002176548030000128
representing line mode travelling waves, Y, of normalized non-faulted phaseαRepresenting line-mode travelling waves, M, containing faulted phasesαRepresenting the first modal maximum, Y, of a line-mode travelling wave containing a faulted phaseγLine mode travelling wave, M, representing the constitution of a non-faulted phaseγRepresenting the first modal maximum of the line mode traveling wave formed by the non-faulted phase.
In the embodiment, wavelet transformation is adopted to solve a modulus maximum value, a first modulus maximum value and the occurrence time of the first modulus maximum value are determined, normalization processing is carried out on the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode traveling wave not containing the fault phase according to the first modulus maximum value, and a superposition component only reflecting fault point information is obtained according to the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode traveling wave formed by the non-fault phase after the normalization processing.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a single-ended traveling wave distance measuring apparatus 100 for a distribution line, which is suitable for a distribution line with a single-phase ground fault, wherein the processor 120 is specifically configured to: calculating a modulus maximum by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002176548030000131
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002176548030000132
the modulus maxima of the wavelet transform at the j-th scale,
Figure BDA0002176548030000133
a wavelet component of a j-th scale representing the kth point data in the current layer; the wavelet components are calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002176548030000134
wherein f (n) represents a line mode traveling wave including a faulty phase and a line mode traveling wave including a non-faulty phase,
Figure BDA0002176548030000135
representing the approximation component of the j-th scale,
Figure BDA0002176548030000136
wavelet components representing the j-th scale, h (k), g (k) respectively representing corresponding filter parameters, etajRepresenting the construction factor of the j scale.
In the embodiment, the error of single-end traveling wave distance measurement of the distribution line can be reduced by adjusting the filter parameters and multi-layer wavelet transformation, and the accuracy of fault point distance measurement is ensured.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a single-ended traveling wave distance measuring apparatus 100 for a distribution line, which is suitable for a distribution line with a single-phase ground fault, and calculates a distance between a fault point and a measurement point according to a superposition component and a reclosing time, where the processor 120 is specifically configured to:
the distance between the fault point and the measurement point is determined by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002176548030000137
where x denotes the distance between the fault point and the measurement point, t1Indicating the reclosing time, t2The time corresponding to the first mode maximum value of the superposition component of the reclosing line mode traveling wave at the fault point, namely the arrival time of the reflected wave at the first fault point is shown, and v represents the line mode wave speed of the reclosing line mode traveling wave。
In this embodiment, according to the reclosing moment, the moment that the reclosing line mode travelling wave corresponds at the first mode maximum value of the superposition component of the fault point and the line mode wave speed of the three-phase voltage travelling wave or the three-phase current travelling wave, the distance between the fault point and the measuring point is determined through formula calculation, thereby the fault point is rapidly and accurately positioned, the line patrol burden is reduced, the accelerated troubleshooting and the power supply recovery are facilitated, the loss caused by power failure is reduced, the fault location does not need to additionally install injection equipment, the hardware investment is low, the reclosing line mode travelling wave measuring device is suitable for both the voltage travelling wave and the current travelling wave, the application range is wide, the collection of normal line reclosing wave recording data is not needed, the impact on the power grid is small, and the. Wherein the fault point superimposed component network is shown in figure 5.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a single-ended traveling wave distance measuring apparatus 100 for a distribution line, which is suitable for a distribution line with a single-phase ground fault, and further includes: the data storage device 140, the data storage device 140 is connected to the processor 120, and is used for storing the distance between the detected fault point and the measurement point; and the power supply device 150 is connected with the data acquisition device 110, the processor 120, the data transmission device 130 and the data storage device 140, and is used for supplying power to the data acquisition device 110, the processor 120, the data transmission device 130 and the data storage device 140.
In this embodiment, the data storage device 140 may store the data transmitted by the data transmission device 130, and may also store the correction matrix and the Karenbauer matrix, so as to avoid the need to transmit and acquire the same data again, effectively simplify the detection step, and prevent the data from being lost, and the power supply device 150 supplies power to the single-ended traveling wave distance measurement device 100 as a whole.
In the description herein, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise; the terms "connected," "mounted," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral connections; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the description herein, the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiments," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a single-ended travelling wave range unit of distribution lines for single-phase earth fault's distribution lines, its characterized in that includes:
the data acquisition unit is arranged at the measuring point position of the distribution line and used for acquiring the three-phase reclosing time of the circuit breaker and acquiring the reclosing three-phase traveling wave of the circuit breaker;
the processor is connected with the data collector and used for carrying out fault phase selection on the reclosing three-phase traveling wave and determining a fault phase traveling wave and a non-fault phase traveling wave; and
carrying out phase-mode conversion processing of an asymmetric line on the fault phase traveling wave and the non-fault phase traveling wave through the corrected Karenbauer matrix to obtain a line-mode traveling wave containing a fault phase and a line-mode traveling wave formed by a non-fault phase; and
determining the superposition component of the reclosing line mode traveling wave at the fault point according to the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode traveling wave formed by the non-fault phase;
determining the distance between the fault point of the distribution line and the measuring point according to the superposed component of the reclosing line mode travelling wave at the fault point and the three-phase reclosing time of the circuit breaker;
the reclosing three-phase traveling wave comprises a three-phase voltage traveling wave or a three-phase current traveling wave;
and the data transmission device is connected with the processor and is used for transmitting the fault point distance of the distribution line to external equipment.
2. The single-ended traveling wave distance measurement device of the power distribution line according to claim 1, wherein the phase-to-analog conversion processing of the fault-phase traveling wave and the non-fault-phase traveling wave specifically comprises:
acquiring a corrected Karenbauer matrix;
and performing phase-mode conversion of an asymmetric line on the fault phase traveling wave and the non-fault phase traveling wave through the corrected Karenbauer matrix to determine the line-mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line-mode traveling wave formed by the non-fault phase.
3. The single-ended traveling-wave ranging apparatus for distribution lines of claim 2, wherein the step of obtaining the modified Karenbauer matrix further comprises the data transmission apparatus:
acquiring a wave impedance matrix;
acquiring a correction matrix, and correcting the Karenbauer matrix through the correction matrix to obtain a corrected Karenbauer matrix;
the processor is specifically configured to:
obtaining a modified Karenbauer matrix by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002636147620000021
S'ZS'-1＝HSZS-1H-1＝Zλ
Figure FDA0002636147620000022
wherein a, b and c are three phases of the line, Z is a line wave impedance matrix, H is a correction matrix, S 'is a corrected Karenbauer matrix, and Z' is a corrected Karenbauer matrixλFor a modified line wave impedance matrix, ZλIs a diagonal matrix, λαλβλ0Respectively, the α β 0 mode wave impedance.
4. The single-ended traveling wave ranging apparatus for distribution lines of claim 3 wherein the step of obtaining a wave impedance matrix comprises:
obtaining the line wave impedance matrix by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002636147620000023
wherein Z is a line wave impedance matrix element, L is a line inductance parameter, and C is a line capacitance parameter.
5. The single-ended traveling wave ranging apparatus of the power distribution line of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the traveling line mode wave of the faulted phase and the traveling line mode wave of the non-faulted phase are determined, and wherein the processor is specifically configured to:
the reclosing three-phase traveling wave is a three-phase voltage traveling wave, and the fault phase traveling wave and the non-fault phase traveling wave of the non-fault phase traveling wave are subjected to phase-mode conversion processing of an asymmetric line through the following formula:
Figure FDA0002636147620000024
Figure FDA0002636147620000025
the reclosing three-phase traveling wave is a three-phase current traveling wave, and the fault phase traveling wave and the non-fault phase traveling wave are subjected to phase-mode conversion processing of an asymmetric line through the following formula:
Figure FDA0002636147620000031
Figure FDA0002636147620000032
wherein, a phase is a fault phase, YαRepresenting said line-mode travelling wave, Y, containing a faulty phaseγLine mode travelling wave, U, representing the constitution of a non-faulted phaseaRepresenting a-phase voltage travelling wave, i.e. said fault-phase voltage travelling wave, Ub、UcRespectively representing the b-phase voltage travelling wave and the c-phase voltage travelling wave, i.e. the non-fault phase voltage travelling wave, IaRepresents a travelling wave of the a-phase current, i.e. of said fault phase current, Ib、IcRespectively represent b-phase current traveling waves and c-phase current traveling waves, i.e., the non-fault-phase current traveling waves, ZaDenotes the a-phase self-wave impedance, ZbRepresents b-phase self-wave impedance, ZcDenotes c-phase self-wave impedance, ZabDenotes ab mutual wave impedance, ZacRepresenting ac mutual wave impedance, ZbcRepresenting the bc mutual wave impedance.
6. The single-ended traveling wave location apparatus for the distribution line of claim 1, wherein the processor is specifically configured to determine a superimposed component of the reclosing line-mode traveling wave at the fault point according to the line-mode traveling wave including the faulty phase and the line-mode traveling wave including the non-faulty phase, and wherein the processor is further configured to:
respectively carrying out normalization processing on the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode traveling wave formed by the non-fault phase;
calculating the normalized line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase and the line mode traveling wave formed by the non-fault phase through the following formula to determine the superposition component of the reclosing line mode traveling wave at the fault point:
Figure FDA0002636147620000033
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002636147620000034
showing the superimposed component of the reclosing line mode travelling wave at the fault point,
Figure FDA0002636147620000035
representing the normalized line mode travelling wave containing the fault phase,
Figure FDA0002636147620000036
and representing the line mode travelling wave formed by the normalized non-fault phase.
7. The single-ended traveling wave ranging apparatus for a distribution line of claim 6, wherein the line mode traveling wave including the faulty phase and the line mode traveling wave including the non-faulty phase are normalized respectively, and the processor is specifically configured to:
normalizing the line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002636147620000037
Figure FDA0002636147620000038
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002636147620000041
representing said normalizationThe transformed line mode traveling wave containing the fault phase,
Figure FDA0002636147620000042
representing line mode travelling waves, Y, formed by said normalized non-faulted phasesαRepresenting said line-mode travelling wave containing a faulty phase, MαRepresenting the first modal maximum, Y, of the line-mode travelling wave containing the faulted phaseγLine mode travelling wave, M, representing the composition of said non-faulted phaseγRepresenting the first modal maximum of the line-mode travelling wave formed by said non-faulted phase.
8. The single-ended traveling wave ranging device of distribution lines of claim 7, wherein the processor is specifically configured to:
calculating the modulus maximum by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002636147620000043
wherein M is2jf (n) the modulus maximum, W, of the wavelet transform at the j-th scale2jf(nk) A wavelet component of a j-th scale representing the kth point data in the current layer;
calculating the wavelet components by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002636147620000044
wherein f (n) represents the line mode travelling wave of the fault-containing phase and the line mode travelling wave of the non-fault phase, V2jf (n) represents the approximation component of the j-th scale, W2jf (n) wavelet components of the j-th scale, h (k), g (k) respectively representing corresponding filter parameters, etajRepresenting the construction factor of the j scale.
9. The single-ended traveling wave distance measuring device of distribution line according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the calculation is performed according to the superimposed component and the reclosing time to obtain the distance between the fault point and the measurement point, and the processor is specifically configured to:
determining a distance between the fault point and the measurement point by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002636147620000045
wherein x represents the distance between the fault point and the measurement point, t1Indicating the reclosing time, t2And v represents the arrival time of the reflected wave of the first fault point, namely the time corresponding to the first mode maximum value of the superposition component of the reclosing linear mode traveling wave at the fault point, and the linear mode wave speed of the reclosing linear mode traveling wave.
10. The single-ended traveling-wave ranging apparatus of a distribution line of claim 9, further comprising:
the data storage device is connected with the processor and used for storing the distance between the detected fault point and the measured point;
and the power supply device is connected with the data acquisition device, the processor, the data transmission device and the data storage device and is used for supplying power to the data acquisition device, the processor, the data transmission device and the data storage device.
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