CN110456171B - Method and device for measuring electric field intensity on surface of corona discharge conductor - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring electric field intensity on surface of corona discharge conductor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110456171B CN110456171B CN201910718613.1A CN201910718613A CN110456171B CN 110456171 B CN110456171 B CN 110456171B CN 201910718613 A CN201910718613 A CN 201910718613A CN 110456171 B CN110456171 B CN 110456171B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electric field
- corona
- measuring
- spatial distribution
- measurement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
- G01R29/14—Measuring field distribution
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for measuring the electric field intensity on the surface of a corona discharge conductor, wherein the method for measuring the electric field intensity on the surface of the corona discharge conductor comprises the following steps: providing a corona electric field; the measuring unit outputs laser beams to obtain the spatial distribution of a corona electric field in a non-invasive electric field measuring mode; and obtaining the surface electric field intensity of the discharge conductor of the corona electric field according to the ion current field analytical model and the spatial distribution of the corona electric field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring the electric field intensity on the surface of a corona discharge conductor, in particular to a method for determining the electric field value infinitely close to the surface of the conductor by using non-invasive measurement electric field space distribution data.
Background
Studies on corona discharge have attracted many researchers to date, and the field of application of corona discharge is distributed among electromagnetic environments in electrostatic precipitators, micro-thermal coolers and high voltage power transmission. In a transmission line, a non-uniform electric field on the surface of a conductor forms a quasi-static corona around it. The electric field is a key physical quantity for the theory and application of corona discharge, because the electric field is driving the discharge to develop and is related to the ionization coefficient of the plasma discharge. By the time a self-sustaining corona discharge occurs, measurement of the spatial distribution of the electric field has been of great interest because the magnitude and distribution of the space charge formed is unknown.
After the corona starts, the electric field on the surface of the conductor is a very critical physical quantity, which is a boundary condition for carrying out simulation calculation of the ion flow field, and the electric field on the surface of the conductor is very difficult to determine due to the experimental complexity of electric field determination, and the assumption of Kaptzov about the electric field on the surface of the conductor as early as the last century shows that the electric field on the surface of the conductor is maintained to be unchanged as the corona discharge becomes stronger, and the electric field on the surface of the conductor is widely applied to simulation of the ion flow field. Townsend considers that the electric field at the surface of the conductor is maintained at an initial value, based on the assumption that after the corona is initiated, the self-sustaining phenomenon of corona discharge is suppressed when the electric field is below the initial value. Cobine states that the high ionization region near the wire needs to maintain a higher surface electric field than the starting electric field. Some scholars can only make assumptions about the surface electric field through theory and simulation, and have not measured experimentally. The electric field sensor or probe can not be infinitely close to the surface of the conductor in the experiment, and the electric field can be rapidly attenuated on the surface of the power transmission line, so that the determination of the surface electric field is always difficult.
The existing electric field measurement technology comprises an invasive measurement electromagnetic rotary meter and a probe technology utilizing a Pockels effect, when corona discharge is researched, the existence of a Pockels photoelectric probe can change discharge current and inhibit the discharge, so that invasive measurement influences measurement precision and a test object.
Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop a method for measuring the electric field intensity on the surface of the corona discharge conductor, which overcomes the above-mentioned defects.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for measuring an electric field intensity on a surface of a corona discharge conductor, comprising:
providing a corona electric field;
the measuring unit outputs laser beams to obtain the spatial distribution of the corona electric field in a non-invasive electric field measuring mode;
and obtaining the surface electric field intensity of the discharge conductor of the corona electric field according to the ion current field analytical model and the spatial distribution of the corona electric field.
The measurement method described above, wherein the step of generating a corona electric field includes:
applying direct-current high voltage to a corona generating unit through a direct-current high-voltage power supply to generate an initial corona electric field;
adjusting the direct current high voltage until the corona generating unit generates a stable corona electric field;
and measuring the stable corona electric field to obtain corona current.
The above-mentioned measuring method, wherein the step of measuring the spatial distribution comprises:
adjusting the measurement positions of the corona generation unit to obtain an average electric field corresponding to each measurement position along the direction of the laser beam;
obtaining the spatial distribution of the corona electric field from a plurality of the average electric fields.
In the above measurement method, the step of obtaining the surface electric field strength includes: and performing curve fitting according to the spatial distribution and the ion current field analytic model to obtain the surface electric field strength.
The above measurement method, wherein the electrode structure of the corona generation unit includes: and the direct-current high voltage is applied between the cylindrical electrode and the central rod electrode.
In the above measurement method, the ion current field analytical model is:
wherein r is the distance between the measurement position and the center of the center rod electrode, I is the corona current, μ is the space ion drift rate, r0Is the center rod electrode radius, E0Surface electric field intensity of the center rod electrode, ErAnd (4) spatial distribution.
The above-mentioned measuring method, wherein the step of measuring the spatial distribution further comprises:
and adjusting the corona generating unit to move horizontally along the radial direction, wherein the starting point of the corona generating unit is the position of the laser beam when the laser beam passes through the center of the central rod electrode.
The above measuring method, wherein the surface electric field intensity decreases linearly with the density of the corona current.
The above-mentioned measuring method, wherein the step of measuring the spatial distribution comprises:
and setting the polarization direction of the laser beam to be parallel to the direction of the average electric field.
The present invention also provides a device for measuring an electric field intensity on a surface of a corona discharge conductor, wherein the device is applied to any one of the above-mentioned measuring methods, and the device comprises:
a corona generating unit providing a corona electric field;
the measuring unit outputs laser beams to obtain the spatial distribution of the corona electric field in a non-invasive electric field measuring mode;
and the processing unit is used for obtaining the surface electric field intensity of the discharge conductor of the corona electric field according to the ion current field analytical model and the spatial distribution of the corona electric field.
Aiming at the prior art, the invention has the following effects: this patent adopts a non-linear effect based on laser-induced gas molecule polarization to realize non-invasive electric field measurement's mode, because the nearest distance of laser distance conductor surface is 1.5mm, and the electric field on conductor surface can not be measured promptly, adopts classical analytic model to combine the mode that the space measurement electric field carries out curve fitting to confirm the surface electric field, provides experimental reference for the boundary condition when the high tension transmission line simulation that contains the ion flow field.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the electric field strength on the surface of a corona discharge conductor;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the substeps of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a measurement location;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the measurement direction;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring the electric field intensity on the surface of a corona discharge conductor;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the measurement result of the electric field distribution during corona discharge and the electric field intensity on the surface of the conductor;
fig. 7 is a diagram showing the variation of the electric field intensity on the surface of a conductor and the corona current.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
a corona generating unit: 11
A cylindrical electrode: 111
A center rod electrode: 112
A direct-current high-voltage power supply: 12
A measurement unit: 13
A processing unit: 15
An adjusting frame: 14
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the description thereof are provided to explain the present invention and not to limit the present invention. Additionally, the same or similar numbered elements/components used in the drawings and the embodiments are used to represent the same or similar parts.
As used herein, the terms "first," "second," …, etc., do not denote any order or sequence, nor are they used to limit the present invention, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another or from another element or operation described in the same technical language.
With respect to directional terminology used herein, for example: up, down, left, right, front or rear, etc., are simply directions with reference to the drawings. Accordingly, the directional terminology used is intended to be illustrative and is not intended to be limiting of the present teachings.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
As used herein, "and/or" includes any and all combinations of the described items.
References to "plurality" herein include "two" and "more than two"; reference to "multiple sets" herein includes "two sets" and "more than two sets".
As used herein, the terms "substantially", "about" and the like are used to modify any slight variation in quantity or error that does not alter the nature of the variation. Generally, the range of slight variations or errors modified by such terms may be 20% in some embodiments, 10% in some embodiments, 5% in some embodiments, or other values. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the aforementioned values can be adjusted according to actual needs, and are not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1-2, fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring an electric field strength on a surface of a corona discharge conductor; FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the substeps of FIG. 1. As shown in fig. 1-2, the method for measuring the electric field intensity on the surface of the corona discharge conductor of the invention comprises the following steps:
step S1: providing a corona electric field;
wherein, step S1 includes:
s11: applying a direct-current high voltage to the corona generating unit 11 through a direct-current high-voltage power supply to generate an initial corona electric field;
s12: adjusting the direct current high voltage until the corona generating unit generates a stable corona electric field;
s13: and measuring the stable corona electric field to obtain corona current.
Specifically, the electrode structure of the corona generating unit 11 is a coaxial cylindrical electrode structure including a cylindrical electrode 111 and a center rod electrode 112, and generates an initial corona electric field when a dc high voltage is applied to the cylindrical electrode 111 and the center rod electrode 112 by the dc high voltage power supply 12, the initial corona electric field being defined herein as an unstable corona electric field, and when the dc high voltage is gradually increased by the dc high voltage power supply 12 and the stable corona electric field is output by the corona generating unit 11, a dc corona current at the time of obtaining the stable corona electric field by the dc high voltage power supply 12.
Step S2: the measuring unit 13 outputs laser beams to obtain the spatial distribution of the corona electric field in a non-invasive electric field measuring mode;
the corona generating unit 11 is disposed on the adjusting frame 14, and during measurement, the adjusting frame 14 adjusts a measurement position L of the corona generating unit 11 to obtain an average electric field corresponding to each measurement position along the direction of the laser beam, and spatial distribution of the corona electric field is obtained according to a plurality of average electric fields. The adjusting precision of the adjusting frame 14 can reach 10 μm, and the electric field distribution measurement with high spatial resolution can be realized.
Referring to fig. 3-4, fig. 3 is a schematic view of a measurement position; fig. 4 is a schematic view of the measurement direction. As shown in fig. 3-4, the starting point of the corona generating unit 11 is the position when the laser beam passes through the center of the central rod electrode 112, which is also the starting measuring position Ls, and after obtaining the average electric field of the starting measuring position Ls, the adjusting frame 14 is adjusted to make the corona generating unit 11 move to the remaining measuring positions L1-Le along the radial direction in successive horizontal spirals for measurement, and Le is the end measuring position.
It should be noted that, in order to obtain a more accurate measurement effect, in the embodiment, the measuring unit 13 is a non-invasive electric field measuring unit implemented based on the nonlinear effect of laser-induced polarization of gas molecules, which is a preferred embodiment, but the invention is not limited thereto.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in the step of obtaining the spatial distribution of the corona electric field, the polarization direction of the laser beam may be set to be parallel to the direction of the average electric field. Specifically, since the electric field distribution of the coaxial cylindrical electrode is an axisymmetric mechanism, that is, the electric field direction at a certain position in space is along the radial direction, in order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal for monitoring the electric field, the polarization direction of the laser is set to be parallel to the electric field direction, that is, the height of the laser is at the same level as that of the central electrode during the test.
Step S3: and obtaining the surface electric field intensity of the discharge conductor of the corona electric field according to the ion current field analytical model and the spatial distribution of the corona electric field.
Wherein, specifically, for a coaxial cylindrical electrode structure, the current continuity equation and the Poisson equation are expressed as (1) and (2), respectively:
I＝2πrρrμEr(1)
obtaining an ion current field analytical model according to a current continuity equation and a Poisson equation:
wherein r is the distance between the measurement position and the center of the center rod electrode, I is the corona current, μ is the space ion drift rate, r0Is the center rod electrode radius, E0Surface electric field intensity of the center rod electrode, ErSpatial distribution, i.e. according to spatial distribution ErAnd an ion current field analytic model, and performing curve fitting to obtain surface electric field intensity E0。
Wherein, in the present embodiment, r00.1cm and r 3cm, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
In the present embodiment, the discharge conductor of the corona electric field is the center rod electrode, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a measurement result of electric field distribution during corona discharge and an electric field intensity on a surface of a conductor; fig. 7 is a diagram showing the variation of the electric field intensity on the surface of a conductor and the corona current. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the method for measuring the electric field intensity on the surface of the corona discharge conductor according to the present invention shows that the electric field intensity on the surface of the conductor linearly decreases with the corona current density, which is different from the previous Kaptzov assumption that the surface electric field remains the same after the corona start
It is noted that, in the present embodiment, the step of providing the corona electric field further includes: and (4) preprocessing the center rod electrode. Namely, before the direct-current high voltage is applied to the corona generating unit, the central rod electrode can be polished by waterproof abrasive paper and cleaned by industrial alcohol before being electrified every time, so that the smoothness of the central rod electrode is guaranteed.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring an electric field intensity on a surface of a corona discharge conductor. As shown in fig. 5, the apparatus for measuring the electric field intensity on the surface of a corona discharge conductor of the present invention comprises: a corona generating unit 11, a measuring unit 13 and a processing unit 15; the corona generating unit 11 provides a corona electric field; the measuring unit 13 outputs laser beams to obtain the spatial distribution of the corona electric field in a non-invasive electric field measurement mode; the processing unit 15 obtains the surface electric field intensity of the discharge conductor of the corona electric field according to the ion current field analytical model and the spatial distribution of the corona electric field.
Further, the measuring device also comprises a direct current high voltage power supply 12, and the corona generating unit 11 comprises a cylindrical electrode 111 and a central rod electrode 112; the dc high voltage power supply 12 generates an initial corona electric field when the cylindrical electrode 111 and the central rod electrode 112 apply a dc high voltage, the initial corona electric field is defined as an unstable corona electric field, and when the dc high voltage power supply 12 gradually increases the dc high voltage and the corona generating unit 11 outputs a stable corona electric field, the dc high voltage power supply 12 obtains a dc corona current in the stable corona electric field.
Furthermore, the measuring device further comprises an adjusting frame 14, the corona generating unit 11 is arranged on the adjusting frame 14, the measuring position L of the corona generating unit 11 is adjusted by the adjusting frame 14 during measurement, an average electric field corresponding to each measuring position along the direction of the laser beam is obtained, and the spatial distribution of the corona electric field is obtained according to a plurality of average electric fields. Specifically, the starting point of the corona generating unit 11 is the position when the laser beam passes through the center of the central rod electrode 112, that is, the starting measuring position Lo, and after the average electric field of the starting measuring position L1 is obtained, the adjusting frame 14 is adjusted so that the corona generating unit 11 gradually moves horizontally along the radial direction to the remaining measuring positions L1-Le for measurement, and Le is the end point measuring position.
In summary, the method and the device for measuring the electric field intensity on the surface of the corona discharge conductor can approach the surface of the conductor infinitely, do not affect the measurement precision and the test object, and improve the measurement precision. In addition, a surface electric field is determined by adopting a curve fitting mode of combining a classical analytic model with a space measurement electric field, and experimental reference is provided for boundary conditions during simulation of the high-voltage transmission line containing an ion flow field; the method improves the accuracy of ion flow field simulation in the application scene containing corona discharge, and has guiding significance for optimizing the structure of the electrostatic dust collector and improving the dust collection effect.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for measuring the electric field intensity on the surface of a corona discharge conductor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing a corona electric field by a corona generating unit;
the measuring unit outputs laser beams to obtain the spatial distribution of the corona electric field in a non-invasive electric field measuring mode;
obtaining the surface electric field intensity of a discharge conductor of the corona electric field according to an ion current field analytical model and the spatial distribution of the corona electric field;
the step of measuring the spatial distribution includes:
adjusting the measurement positions of the corona generation unit to obtain an average electric field corresponding to each measurement position along the direction of the laser beam;
obtaining the spatial distribution of the corona electric field from a plurality of the average electric fields.
2. The method of measurement according to claim 1, wherein the step of generating a corona field comprises:
applying direct-current high voltage to a corona generating unit through a direct-current high-voltage power supply to generate an initial corona electric field;
adjusting the direct current high voltage until the corona generating unit generates a stable corona electric field;
and measuring the stable corona electric field to obtain corona current.
3. The measurement method according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the step of obtaining the surface electric field strength comprises: and performing curve fitting according to the spatial distribution and the ion current field analytic model to obtain the surface electric field strength.
4. The measurement method of claim 2, wherein the electrode structure of the corona generating unit comprises: and the direct-current high voltage is applied between the cylindrical electrode and the central rod electrode.
5. The measurement method of claim 4, wherein the ion current field analytical model is:
wherein r is the distance between the measurement position and the center of the center rod electrode, I is the corona current, μ is the space ion drift rate, r0Is the center rod electrode radius, E0Surface electric field intensity of the center rod electrode, ErAnd (4) spatial distribution.
6. The method of measurement according to claim 4, wherein the step of measuring the spatial distribution further comprises:
and adjusting the corona generating unit to move horizontally along the radial direction, wherein the starting point of the corona generating unit is the position of the laser beam when the laser beam passes through the center of the central rod electrode.
7. The method of measurement according to claim 2, wherein the surface electric field strength decreases linearly with the density of the corona current.
8. The measurement method of claim 1, wherein the step of measuring the spatial distribution comprises:
and setting the polarization direction of the laser beam to be parallel to the direction of the average electric field.
9. A device for measuring the electric field intensity on the surface of a corona discharge conductor, which is applied to the measuring method of any one of claims 1 to 8, the device comprising:
a corona generating unit providing a corona electric field;
the measuring unit outputs laser beams to obtain the spatial distribution of the corona electric field in a non-invasive electric field measuring mode;
and the processing unit is used for obtaining the surface electric field intensity of the discharge conductor of the corona electric field according to the ion current field analytical model and the spatial distribution of the corona electric field.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910718613.1A CN110456171B (en) | 2019-08-05 | 2019-08-05 | Method and device for measuring electric field intensity on surface of corona discharge conductor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910718613.1A CN110456171B (en) | 2019-08-05 | 2019-08-05 | Method and device for measuring electric field intensity on surface of corona discharge conductor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110456171A CN110456171A (en) | 2019-11-15 |
| CN110456171B true CN110456171B (en) | 2020-11-06 |
Family
ID=68484900
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910718613.1A Active CN110456171B (en) | 2019-08-05 | 2019-08-05 | Method and device for measuring electric field intensity on surface of corona discharge conductor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110456171B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111693791B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2023-02-28 | 国网陕西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Integrated carbon nanotube film electromagnetic field sensor and three-dimensional electromagnetic field sensor |
| CN113917242A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-01-11 | 华中科技大学 | Conductor corona discharge electric field non-intervention measurement system and application thereof |
| CN114199983A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-18 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司阜新供电公司 | Atmospheric ion mobility measuring device and measuring method |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS53105570A (en) * | 1977-02-25 | 1978-09-13 | Toshiba Corp | Method of relaxing electric field on the surface of resin molded product |
| JP6023184B2 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2016-11-09 | マルバーン インストゥルメンツ リミテッド | Surface charge measurement |
| CN103257284A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-08-21 | 天津学子电力设备科技有限公司 | Method for measuring space charges of thin organic polymer film based on laser thermal pulse |
-
2019
- 2019-08-05 CN CN201910718613.1A patent/CN110456171B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110456171A (en) | 2019-11-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110456171B (en) | Method and device for measuring electric field intensity on surface of corona discharge conductor | |
| Kumada et al. | Residual charge distribution of positive surface streamer | |
| Anikin et al. | Breakdown development at high overvoltage: electric field, electronic level excitation and electron density | |
| Chen et al. | The diameters of long positive streamers in atmospheric air under lightning impulse voltage | |
| He et al. | Study on law of negative corona discharge in microparticle-air two-phase flow media | |
| JP4658458B2 (en) | Film thickness measuring method, relative permittivity measuring method, film thickness measuring apparatus, and relative permittivity measuring apparatus | |
| Xu et al. | Influence of humidity on the characteristics of negative corona discharge in air | |
| Müller et al. | Localized electrochemical deposition of metals using micropipettes | |
| Marčiulionis | Analysis of space charge distribution in dc corona discharge field computed with finite-element method | |
| Castera et al. | Resistance models applied to the return stroke phase of negative pulsed surface discharges in air | |
| Wang et al. | Simulations and experiments of the generation apparatus of the DC electric field with the space charge | |
| JP4430007B2 (en) | Insulating film characteristic measuring method and insulating film characteristic measuring apparatus | |
| Baek et al. | Experiment and analysis for effect of floating conductor on electric discharge characteristic | |
| Pozniak et al. | Current measurements within the electrospray emitter | |
| Tachibana et al. | A new measurement method of DC corona-discharge characteristics using repetitive ramp and triangular voltages | |
| Perez-Martinez et al. | Alternative emitter substrates for Ionic Liquid Ion Source implementation in focused ion beams | |
| Lane et al. | Measurement of spatial and temporal evolution of electromagnetic fields in a 100 MHz plasma source using B dot and double dipole probes | |
| Deng et al. | Two-dimensional residual charge density distribution measurement of surface leader | |
| López-Herrera et al. | On the validity and applicability of the one-dimensional approximation in cone-jet electrospray | |
| JPS61239154A (en) | Method and device for detecting crack shape | |
| Maglaras et al. | The influence of the effect of grounding and corona current on the field strength the corona onset and the breakdown Voltage of Small Air Gaps | |
| Schueller et al. | Kelvin probe for surface potential measurements on epoxy insulators for HVDC applications | |
| Ho et al. | Electrostatic potential plotting for use in electron optical systems | |
| Georgin et al. | Measurement of Anomalous Electron Transport in Thermionic Hollow Cathodes with a High-speed Plasma Impedance Probe | |
| Lechte | Microscopic structure of plasma turbulence in the torsatron TJ-K |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |