CN110454355B

CN110454355B - Miniature high-pressure compressor

Info

Publication number: CN110454355B
Application number: CN201910873688.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高晓辉; 刘永光; 冯志鹏; 赵哲; 程楠楠; 万译泽; 井旭升; 张春友
Original assignee: Beihang University
Current assignee: Beihang University
Priority date: 2019-09-17
Filing date: 2019-09-17
Publication date: 2021-11-19
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-17
Also published as: CN110454355A

Abstract

The invention relates to a micro high-pressure compressor, which outputs high-pressure gas outwards through variable-section multi-stage piston compression, utilizes a cylinder rod cavity to compress a refrigerant by combining the refrigeration principle of an air conditioner, processes a capillary pipeline and an interstage gas storage cavity on the cylinder and a port plate, simultaneously adds a fan, a condenser, an expansion valve, a liquid storage tank and a cooling air inlet and exhaust one-way valve in the system to form a cooling loop, and cools the cylinder and the interstage gas by using the refrigerant, so that the compressor cools and cools the compressor when compressing the gas. The cooling mode has the advantages of compact structure, small volume and weight, higher cooling efficiency and capability of enabling the compressor to be basically in the isothermal compression process, thereby greatly reducing the volume and weight of the cooling system, ensuring the long-time stable and efficient work of the cooling system and realizing the miniaturization design of the high-pressure compressor.

Description

Miniature high-pressure compressor

Technical Field

The invention relates to a miniature high-pressure compressor, which is mainly used for continuously, stably and efficiently working on equipment with limited weight and volume, such as fighters, submarines, special vehicles and the like, and providing high-pressure gas for the equipment.

Background

As a common public facility for industrial production, the power consumption of the compressor even reaches more than 10% in industrial systems of many countries, and particularly, the high-pressure compressor is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, petrochemical industry, energy storage and the like, and the application field of the compressor is rapidly expanded along with the continuous improvement of industrial environmental protection requirements. The high-pressure compressor can generate a large amount of heat in the compression process due to a large pressure ratio, and the compression efficiency can only reach 10% -20%, and 80% -90% of electric energy is converted into heat energy. If the heat is not dissipated in time, not only is the compression efficiency rapidly reduced, but also the cylinder temperature rapidly rises, thermal stress and thermal deformation increase, leakage increase, and even mechanical failures such as seal failure can be caused. At present, the high-pressure compressor is mainly cooled by two modes of water cooling or air cooling, and the weight and the volume of a cooling system account for more than 2/3 of the whole system, which accounts for 4/5 and even higher for the industrial field requiring continuous work. Therefore, the miniaturization of the cooling system of the high-pressure compressor is an important way to reduce the weight and volume of the cooling system.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a micro high-pressure compressor, a main structure of which is composed of a plurality of variable cross-section cylinders and pistons, wherein rodless cavities of the cylinders are communicated through intake and exhaust check valves to form a multi-stage supercharging pneumatic circuit, high-pressure gas is output to the outside, refrigerant is compressed by using rod cavities of the cylinders to form a set of air conditioning and refrigeration system, capillary channels are processed on the cylinders and a port plate to cool the cylinders and interstage gas, so that the compressor cools itself while compressing the gas. The high-pressure compressor has the advantages of compact structure, small volume and weight, and higher cooling efficiency, so that the compressor is basically in isothermal compression, the working efficiency of compression is greatly improved, and the compressor can be kept to work stably and efficiently for a long time.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a miniature high-pressure compressor which comprises a motor, a swash plate plunger, a piston, a cylinder, an air inlet one-way valve, an air exhaust one-way valve, a valve plate, a fan, a condenser, a liquid storage tank, an expansion valve, a cooling air inlet one-way valve and a cooling air exhaust one-way valve.

The motor provides rotary power for the compressor, the piston is driven to do reciprocating linear motion along the air cylinder through the plunger of the swash plate, a plurality of air cylinders with different diameters are adopted, the circle centers of the air cylinders are distributed on the same circumference, the interstage air storage cavity is processed on the valve plate, and the rodless cavities of the air cylinders are communicated with the interstage air storage cavity through the air inlet and outlet one-way valves, so that a multistage pressurizing loop is formed. The gas in the gas source firstly enters a rod cavity of the cylinder with the largest diameter through the gas inlet one-way valve, enters a primary gas storage cavity through the gas outlet one-way valve after being compressed by the piston, then enters a cylinder with the second largest diameter through the secondary gas inlet one-way valve, enters a secondary gas storage cavity through the secondary gas outlet one-way valve after being compressed for the second time, is gradually compressed according to the sequence to enter the rod cavity of the cylinder with the smallest diameter, and finally enters the gas storage bottle through the gas outlet one-way valve, so that the whole gas pressurization process is completed. In the process of reciprocating linear motion of the piston, a rod cavity of the cylinder compresses a gaseous refrigerant into high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters a condenser through a cooling exhaust one-way valve, the motor can drive the fan to rotate to dissipate heat of the condenser, the high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is gradually changed into a normal-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant to enter a gas storage tank after heat dissipation, the refrigerant enters capillary pipelines in the cylinder and a distribution plate through an expansion valve, the refrigerant is gradually changed into a low-pressure gaseous refrigerant after absorbing heat of gas between the cylinder and an interstage, and then the low-temperature gaseous refrigerant enters the rod cavity of the cylinder through a cooling air inlet one-way valve, so that a cooling loop is formed to cool the cylinder of the compressor and the interstage gas. The flow direction of the refrigerant in the air cylinder and the capillary tube in the valve plate is that the refrigerant gradually enters the capillary tube of the air cylinder with the minimum diameter, the capillary tube around the last stage of air storage cavity, the capillary tube of the air cylinder with the secondary small diameter and the capillary tube around the reverse second stage of air storage cavity through the expansion valve, and finally enters the capillary tube of the air cylinder with the maximum diameter according to the sequence.

The invention relates to a micro high-pressure compressor, which fully utilizes a rodless cavity and a rod cavity of a cylinder, completes gas compression and outputs high-pressure gas by gradually pressurizing the rodless cavities of a plurality of variable cross-section cylinders through a piston, simultaneously utilizes the rod cavity of the cylinder to compress refrigerant by combining the refrigeration principle of an air conditioner, forms a cooling loop with a fan, a condenser, an expansion valve and a liquid storage tank, drives the fan to dissipate heat of the refrigerant in the condenser by the same motor, processes a capillary pipeline and an interstage gas storage cavity on the cylinder and a flow distribution plate, and utilizes the refrigerant to cool the cylinder and the interstage gas. The cooling mode has compact structure and higher cooling efficiency, and can ensure that the compressor is basically in the isothermal compression process, thereby realizing the miniaturization design of the high-pressure compressor.

Drawings

The present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating an operation principle of a micro high pressure compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the following described embodiments are exemplary only, and not restrictive.

As shown in fig. 1, the micro high pressure compressor includes: the air cooling system comprises a motor 1, a swash plate plunger 2, a piston 3, a cylinder 4, an air inlet one-way valve 5, an air exhaust one-way valve 6, a valve plate 7, a safety valve 8, an air storage bottle 9, a fan 10, a condenser 11, an air storage tank 12, an expansion valve 13, a cooling air exhaust one-way valve 14 and a cooling air inlet one-way valve 15.

As shown in fig. 1, one end of the motor 1 drives the piston 3 to make reciprocating linear motion along the cylinder 4 through the swash plate plunger 2, and the other end of the motor 1 is provided with the fan 10 which can cool and radiate the motor and the condenser 11 simultaneously.

As shown in figure 1, the compressor comprises a plurality of groups of cylinders 4 and pistons 3 with different diameters, and an air inlet check valve 5 and an air outlet check valve 6 are respectively arranged to form a variable-section multi-stage compression system.

As shown in figure 1, a port plate 7 closes one end of a cylinder 4 and forms a rodless cavity 20 with a piston 3, the other end of the cylinder 4 is also closed and forms a rod cavity 21 with the piston 3, an air inlet check valve 5 and an air outlet check valve 6 are arranged on the port plate and communicated with the rodless cavity 20, and a cooling air outlet check valve 14 is arranged on one side of the rod cavity 21 and communicated with a condenser 11.

As shown in figure 1, an air inlet one-way valve 5 and an air outlet one-way valve 6 are arranged in a plurality of cylinders in a valve plate 7, an interstage air storage cavity 18 is formed, the air outlet one-way valve 6 of the previous stage of cylinder is communicated with the air inlet one-way valve 5 of the next stage of cylinder through the air storage cavity 18, and a valve plate capillary pipeline 17 is formed around the interstage air storage cavity 18 to cool interstage gas.

As shown in fig. 1, a cylinder capillary line 16 is formed on the outer wall of the cylinder 4 to cool the cylinder 4.

As shown in fig. 1, the rodless chamber 20, the inlet check valve 5, the outlet check valve 6, the interstage gas storage chamber 18, the safety valve 8 and the gas storage cylinder 9 form a gas compression circuit. When the piston 3 is driven by the motor 1 to do reciprocating linear motion, gas in the gas source 19 enters the rodless cavity 20 through the gas inlet one-way valve 5, the gas is compressed by the piston 3 and then enters the interstage gas storage cavity 18 through the gas exhaust one-way valve 6, then enters the rodless cavity of the next-stage cylinder through the gas inlet one-way valve 5 of the next stage to be compressed again, and finally enters the gas storage bottle 9 after being compressed for multiple times, and the safety valve 8 mainly ensures the highest safe output pressure of the system.

As shown in fig. 1, a cooling circuit is formed by a rod cavity 21, a cooling exhaust check valve 14, a condenser 11, a fan 10, an air storage tank 12, an expansion valve 13, a cylinder capillary line 16, a port plate capillary line 17 and a cooling intake check valve 15. When the piston 3 is driven by the motor 1 to make reciprocating linear motion, the rod cavity 21 compresses gaseous refrigerant into high-temperature high-pressure gas, the high-temperature high-pressure gas enters the condenser 11 through the cooling exhaust check valve 14, the fan 10 radiates the heat of the condenser 11, the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant in the condenser 11 is gradually changed into normal-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant after being radiated, the normal-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the gas storage tank 12, the refrigerant is throttled by the expansion valve 13 and then enters the last-stage cylinder capillary pipeline 16 and the port plate capillary pipeline 17, then enters the last-stage cylinder capillary pipeline 16 and the port plate capillary pipeline 17, and finally enters the rod cavity 21 through the cooling intake check valve 15, so that the cooling of the cylinder 4 and the interstage high gas is realized.

Many variations in the configurations and sequences of operations of the illustrated and described features will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on this disclosure. It is therefore to be appreciated that various changes may be made in the disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter.

Claims

1. A miniature high pressure compressor, comprising: the air cooling system comprises a motor (1), a swash plate plunger (2), a piston (3), an air cylinder (4), an air inlet one-way valve (5), an air exhaust one-way valve (6), a valve plate (7), a safety valve (8), an air storage bottle (9), a fan (10), a condenser (11), an air storage tank (12), an expansion valve (13), a cooling air exhaust one-way valve (14) and a cooling air inlet one-way valve (15);

one end of the motor (1) drives the piston (3) to do reciprocating linear motion along the cylinder (4) through the swash plate plunger (2), and the other end of the motor (1) is provided with the fan (10) which can simultaneously perform air cooling and heat dissipation on the motor (1) and the condenser (11);

processing a cylinder capillary pipeline (16) on the outer wall of the cylinder (4), and processing an interstage air storage cavity (18) and a valve plate capillary pipeline (17) in the valve plate (7);

each rodless cavity is connected with the exhaust one-way valve step by step through the air inlet one-way valve, multi-stage compression output of high-pressure gas is achieved through piston reciprocating motion, meanwhile, the rod cavity is sealed to be used for compressing a refrigerant, a cooling exhaust one-way valve (14), a condenser (11), a fan (10), a gas storage tank (12), an expansion valve (13), a cylinder capillary pipeline (16), a valve plate capillary pipeline (17) and a cooling air inlet one-way valve (15) are additionally arranged to form a cooling loop, and cooling is conducted on the cylinder and the interstage high-pressure gas.