CN110453107B - Preparation method of graphene-tungsten carbide synergistically enhanced copper-based composite material - Google Patents

Preparation method of graphene-tungsten carbide synergistically enhanced copper-based composite material Download PDF

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CN110453107B
CN110453107B CN201910706269.4A CN201910706269A CN110453107B CN 110453107 B CN110453107 B CN 110453107B CN 201910706269 A CN201910706269 A CN 201910706269A CN 110453107 B CN110453107 B CN 110453107B
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copper
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何春年
徐志航
赵乃勤
师春生
沙军威
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a graphene-tungsten carbide synergistically enhanced copper-based composite material, which comprises the following steps: weighing ammonium metatungstate, copper nitrate trihydrate, anhydrous glucose and NaCl, and adding sufficient deionized water capable of dissolving NaCl to obtain a uniform and transparent precursor solution; obtaining dry solid powder, and grinding to obtain a mixed powder precursor; calcining at high temperature under the protection of hydrogen atmosphere to obtain self-assembly powder of the three-dimensional sodium chloride-graphene loaded tungsten nanoparticles and copper nanoparticles; cleaning and drying to obtain graphene powder loaded with nano tungsten particles and copper nanoparticles; obtaining copper acetate coated graphene composite powder; calcining to obtain graphene-copper particle composite powder; and obtaining the graphene-tungsten carbide synergetic reinforced copper-based block composite material.

Description

Preparation method of graphene-tungsten carbide synergistically enhanced copper-based composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method for in-situ synthesis of a graphene-tungsten carbide synergistically enhanced copper-based composite material, and belongs to a nano material preparation technology.
Background
The copper-based composite material has high strength and excellent electric conduction and heat conduction performance, and is expected to be applied to resistance welding electrodes, integrated circuit lead frames and high-speed rail contact lines. In order to meet the requirements, the addition of the reinforcing phase plays a crucial role in improving the performance of the composite material. Depending on the morphological dimension of the enhanced phase, it can be classified as: zero-dimensional nanoparticles, one-dimensional nanotubes, nanowires, and two-dimensional nanosheets. The zero-dimensional nano particles have ultrahigh hardness, good dislocation hindering capacity and obvious effect on the aspect of improving the strength of the material, but generally, the poor interface combination of the nano particles and a matrix enables the material to easily generate cracks, so that the toughness of the material is seriously deteriorated. Compared with zero-dimensional nanoparticles, the two-dimensional graphene has a larger specific surface area, so that the two-dimensional graphene can bridge and deflect cracks in the material deformation process, and the toughness of the material is maintained or even improved. Therefore, if the nano particles and the graphene are introduced into the composite material together, the material performance is improved better if the nano particles and the graphene are synergistically enhanced.
At present, the following difficulties mainly exist in the synergistic introduction of the nano particles and the graphene into the copper-based composite material: the external addition method easily causes the agglomeration of graphene and nano particles, and deteriorates the material performance, because the specific surface energy of the nano particles is continuously improved along with the reduction of the size, and the agglomeration tendency is serious, and in addition, the interface bonding of the particles, the graphene and the matrix is poor, so that the material performance is not favorably improved; however, the in-situ method is difficult to achieve the synergistic distribution of graphene and nanoparticles at present, because nanoparticles synthesized or precipitated in situ are generally easy to occur at the interface between graphene and a substrate, and the nanoparticles issued at the interface limit the enhancement effect thereof, so how to synergistically introduce graphene and nanoparticles into a copper-based composite material is still an important scientific problem to be researched.
According to the invention, graphene and strong carbide forming element tungsten are reacted, and hard ceramic phase tungsten carbide nanoparticles are introduced, so that a dual-phase reinforcing effect of the graphene and carbide nanoparticles is achieved, the strength of the material is obviously improved, and the toughness is well maintained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a copper-based composite material cooperatively reinforced by graphene and tungsten carbide nanoparticles, which is simple in process and low in cost. The technical scheme is as follows:
a preparation method of a graphene-tungsten carbide synergistically enhanced copper-based composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) in a molar ratio of W to Cu to C to NaCl1:1: ammonium metatungstate ((NH) 10: 150) weight4)6H2W12O40·XH20) Copper nitrate trihydrate (Cu (NO)3)2·H2O), anhydrous glucose (C)6H12O6) And adding sufficient deionized water capable of dissolving NaCl to obtain a uniform and transparent precursor solution.
(2) Freeze-drying the precursor solution prepared in the last step to obtain dry solid powder, and grinding to obtain a mixed powder precursor;
(3) calcining the powder precursor obtained in the last step at high temperature under the protection of atmosphere, wherein the atmosphere is hydrogen, heating to 720-780 ℃, preserving the temperature for a period of time, then cooling, and the average cooling speed is 50-100 ℃/min to obtain self-assembly powder of the three-dimensional sodium chloride-graphene-loaded tungsten nanoparticles and copper nanoparticles;
(4) carrying out suction filtration on the self-assembly powder prepared in the last step by using deionized water, removing NaCl, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven to obtain graphene powder loaded with nano tungsten particles and copper nanoparticles;
(5) weighing 1-1.5% of copper acetate monohydrate (Cu (AC) according to the mass fraction of graphene in the copper-based composite material2H2O) and the graphene powder obtained in the previous step, adding sufficient deionized water and ammonia water to dissolve copper acetate, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, placing in a 70-80 ℃ water bath kettle, stirring, evaporating to dryness, drying, and grinding to obtain copper acetate-coated graphene composite powder;
(6) calcining the composite powder obtained in the last step at high temperature under the protection of atmosphere, wherein the atmosphere is hydrogen, heating to 600 ℃, preserving heat for a period of time, then cooling, and the average cooling speed is 50-100 ℃/min to obtain graphene-copper particle composite powder;
(7) carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the composite powder obtained in the last step, wherein the sintering temperature is 700-900 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 900 DEG<10- 4And Pa, sintering and preserving heat for a period of time to obtain the graphene-tungsten carbide synergistically enhanced copper-based block composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that: the second phase nano-particle tungsten carbide is generated by in-situ reaction of tungsten and graphene in the hot press molding process, so that the nano-particles and the copper matrix have a good lattice matching relationship, the particle size is small, and in addition, the graphene and tungsten carbide nano-particles are uniformly distributed in the copper matrix, so that a synergistic enhancement effect is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is SEM picture of prepared graphene powder loaded with nano tungsten particles and copper particles
FIG. 2 is an XRD (X-ray diffraction) spectrum of graphene powder loaded with nano tungsten particles and copper particles obtained by preparation
FIG. 3 is an SEM picture of the prepared graphene-copper particle composite powder
FIG. 4 is an SEM picture of the prepared graphene-tungsten carbide synergistically enhanced copper-based composite material block
FIG. 5 is a graph showing tensile properties of the composite material and pure copper
All figures are the product characterization results of example 1.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
Detailed Description
Specific examples of the production method of the present invention are given below. The examples are intended only to further illustrate the preparation process of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the claims of the present application.
Example 1
Weighing 21.9g of sodium chloride, 0.601g of glucose, 0.615g of ammonium metatungstate and 0.604g of copper nitrate, placing the sodium chloride, the glucose, the ammonium metatungstate and the copper nitrate in a beaker, weighing 70mL of deionized water, pouring the deionized water into the beaker for dissolution, magnetically stirring the mixture for 6 hours, pouring the uniformly mixed liquid into a culture dish, and then placing the culture dish in a refrigerator freezer for freezing for 24 hours at the temperature of-20 ℃; freeze-drying the frozen sample in a freeze-dryer under the following conditions: freeze-drying at-20 deg.C for 24 h. Grinding the freeze-dried sample to obtain precursor composite powder (the particle size of the powder is 100 meshes); placing the precursor powder in a tube furnace, calcining at high temperature under hydrogen atmosphere (the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation temperature is 750 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2h, and the gas flow is 200mL/min), rapidly cooling to room temperature (the temperature is reduced to 100 ℃ within 5 min) after heat preservation is finished, placing the calcined powder in a 500mL beaker, adding 400mL deionized water, magnetically stirring for 30min to completely dissolve sodium chloride in water, then performing suction filtration, placing the powder obtained after suction filtration in the 500mL beaker, adding 400mL deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min, performing suction filtration again, and placing the sample obtained after suction filtration in a 70 ℃ vacuum oven for drying for 3h to obtain the graphene powder loaded with nano tungsten particles and copper particles.
Weighing 0.12g of graphene and 37.06g of copper acetate monohydrate, putting the mixture into a beaker (the content of graphene is 1 wt.%), adding 40ml of deionized water and 75ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, putting the mixture into a 75 ℃ water bath kettle, carrying out magnetic stirring and evaporation to dryness, then putting the mixture into a 200 ℃ blast oven, drying the mixture for 12h, and grinding the mixture into powder. And (3) putting the powder into a tube furnace, calcining at high temperature in a hydrogen atmosphere (the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation temperature is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1h, and the gas flow is 100mL/min), rapidly cooling to room temperature (the temperature is reduced to 100 ℃ within 5 min) after heat preservation, and grinding into powder. Placing the obtained powder in
Figure BDA0002152207050000031
Hot pressing in graphite mold with sintering parameters of heating rate 10 deg.c/min, heat preservation at 800 deg.c for 1 hr and vacuum degree<10-4And (5) obtaining the graphene-tungsten carbide synergetic reinforced copper-based block composite material under the MPa.
Example 2
Weighing 21.9g of sodium chloride, 0.601g of glucose, 0.615g of ammonium metatungstate and 0.604g of copper nitrate, putting the sodium chloride, the glucose, the ammonium metatungstate and the copper nitrate into a beaker, weighing 70mL of deionized water, pouring the deionized water into the beaker for dissolution, magnetically stirring for 6 hours, pouring the uniformly mixed liquid into a culture dish, and then putting the culture dish into a refrigerator freezer and freezing for 24 hours at the temperature of-20 ℃; freeze-drying the frozen sample in a freeze-dryer under the following conditions: freeze-drying at-20 deg.C for 24 h. Grinding the freeze-dried sample to obtain precursor composite powder (the particle size of the powder is 100 meshes); placing the precursor powder in a tube furnace, calcining at high temperature under hydrogen atmosphere (the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation temperature is 750 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2h, and the gas flow is 200mL/min), rapidly cooling to room temperature (the temperature is reduced to 100 ℃ within 5 min) after heat preservation is finished, placing the calcined powder in a 500mL beaker, adding 400mL deionized water, magnetically stirring for 30min to completely dissolve sodium chloride in water, then performing suction filtration, placing the powder obtained after suction filtration in the 500mL beaker, adding 400mL deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min, performing suction filtration again, and placing the sample obtained after suction filtration in a 70 ℃ vacuum oven for drying for 3h to obtain the graphene powder loaded with nano tungsten particles and copper particles.
Weighing 0.06g of graphene and 37.25g of copper acetate monohydrate, placing the materials in a beaker (the content of graphene is 0.5 wt.%), adding 40ml of deionized water and 75ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, placing the materials in a 75 ℃ water bath kettle, carrying out magnetic stirring and evaporation to dryness, then placing the materials in a 200 ℃ blast oven, drying the materials for 12h, and grinding the materials into powder. And (3) putting the powder into a tube furnace, calcining at high temperature in a hydrogen atmosphere (the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation temperature is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1h, and the gas flow is 100mL/min), rapidly cooling to room temperature (the temperature is reduced to 100 ℃ within 5 min) after heat preservation, and grinding into powder. Placing the obtained powder in
Figure BDA0002152207050000032
Hot pressing in graphite mold with sintering parameters of heating rate 10 deg.c/min, heat preservation at 800 deg.c for 1 hr and vacuum degree<10-4And (5) obtaining the graphene-tungsten carbide synergetic reinforced copper-based block composite material under the MPa.
Example 3
Weighing 21.9g of sodium chloride, 0.601g of glucose, 0.615g of ammonium metatungstate and 0.604g of copper nitrate, putting the sodium chloride, the glucose, the ammonium metatungstate and the copper nitrate into a beaker, weighing 70mL of deionized water, pouring the deionized water into the beaker for dissolution, magnetically stirring for 6 hours, pouring the uniformly mixed liquid into a culture dish, and then putting the culture dish into a refrigerator freezer and freezing for 24 hours at the temperature of-20 ℃; freeze-drying the frozen sample in a freeze-dryer under the following conditions: freeze-drying at-20 deg.C for 24 h. Grinding the freeze-dried sample to obtain precursor composite powder (the particle size of the powder is 100 meshes); placing the precursor powder in a tube furnace, calcining at high temperature under hydrogen atmosphere (the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation temperature is 750 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2h, and the gas flow is 200mL/min), rapidly cooling to room temperature (the temperature is reduced to 100 ℃ within 5 min) after heat preservation is finished, placing the calcined powder in a 500mL beaker, adding 400mL deionized water, magnetically stirring for 30min to completely dissolve sodium chloride in water, then performing suction filtration, placing the powder obtained after suction filtration in the 500mL beaker, adding 400mL deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min, performing suction filtration again, and placing the sample obtained after suction filtration in a 70 ℃ vacuum oven for drying for 3h to obtain the graphene powder loaded with nano tungsten particles and copper particles.
Weighing 0.18g of graphene and 36.87g of copper acetate monohydrate, putting the mixture into a beaker (the content of graphene is 1.5 wt.%), adding 40ml of deionized water and 75ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, putting the mixture into a 75 ℃ water bath kettle, carrying out magnetic stirring and evaporation to dryness, then putting the mixture into a 200 ℃ blast oven, drying the mixture for 12h, and grinding the mixture into powder. And (3) putting the powder into a tube furnace, calcining at high temperature in a hydrogen atmosphere (the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation temperature is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1h, and the gas flow is 100mL/min), rapidly cooling to room temperature (the temperature is reduced to 100 ℃ within 5 min) after heat preservation, and grinding into powder. Placing the obtained powder in
Figure BDA0002152207050000041
Hot pressing in graphite mold with sintering parameters of heating rate 10 deg.c/min, heat preservation at 800 deg.c for 1 hr and vacuum degree<10-4And (5) obtaining the graphene-tungsten carbide synergetic reinforced copper-based block composite material under the MPa.

Claims (1)

1. A preparation method of a graphene-tungsten carbide synergistically enhanced copper-based composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a carrier in a molar ratio of W: Cu: C: NaCl =1: ammonium metatungstate ((NH) 10: 150) weight4)6H2W12O40 · XH20) Copper nitrate trihydrate (Cu (NO)3)2·H2O), anhydrous glucose (C)6H12O6) Adding sufficient deionized water capable of dissolving NaCl to obtain a uniform and transparent precursor solution;
(2) freeze-drying the precursor solution prepared in the last step to obtain dry solid powder, and grinding to obtain a mixed powder precursor;
(3) calcining the powder precursor obtained in the last step at high temperature under the atmosphere protection, wherein the atmosphere is hydrogen, heating to 720-780 ℃, preserving the heat for two hours, then cooling, and the average cooling speed is 50-100 ℃/min to obtain the self-assembly powder of the three-dimensional sodium chloride-graphene loaded tungsten nanoparticles and copper nanoparticles;
(4) carrying out suction filtration on the self-assembly powder prepared in the last step by using deionized water, removing NaCl, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven to obtain graphene powder loaded with nano tungsten particles and copper nanoparticles;
(5) weighing 1-1.5% of copper acetate monohydrate (Cu (AC) according to the mass fraction of graphene in the copper-based composite material2H2O) and the graphene powder obtained in the previous step, adding sufficient deionized water and ammonia water to dissolve copper acetate, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, placing in a 70-80 ℃ water bath kettle, stirring, evaporating to dryness, drying, and grinding to obtain copper acetate-coated graphene composite powder;
(6) calcining the composite powder obtained in the last step at high temperature under the protection of atmosphere, wherein the atmosphere is hydrogen, heating to 600 ℃, preserving heat for 60 minutes, then cooling, and the average cooling speed is 50-100 ℃/min to obtain graphene-copper particle composite powder;
carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the composite powder obtained in the last step, wherein the sintering temperature is 700-900 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 900 DEG<10-4And Pa, sintering and preserving heat for 60 minutes to obtain the graphene-tungsten carbide synergistically enhanced copper-based block composite material.
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