CN110453027A - A kind of Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Process of gas base and the combination of coal base phase - Google Patents
A kind of Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Process of gas base and the combination of coal base phase Download PDFInfo
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- CN110453027A CN110453027A CN201910859778.0A CN201910859778A CN110453027A CN 110453027 A CN110453027 A CN 110453027A CN 201910859778 A CN201910859778 A CN 201910859778A CN 110453027 A CN110453027 A CN 110453027A
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- furnace
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- shaft furnace
- coal
- solid carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0066—Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to the Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Process that a kind of gas base and coal base phase combine, solid carbon element material is packed into shaft furnace reactor after mixing with iron-bearing mineral, and the reaction of solid carbon element material pyrolytic gasification and iron-bearing mineral reduction reaction are completed in shaft furnace reactor；Furnace reduction gas is run downwardly together with furnace charge, and furnace reduction gas runs down speed and runs down speed greater than material；Product is discharged from shaft furnace reactor bottom discharge gate after reduction, and furnace reduction gas is discharged from shaft furnace reactor lower part exhaust outlet；Also after Primordial Qi discharge, its ingredient is adjusted as needed, and it is heated to 800~1350 DEG C of temperature again as heat-carrying gas, it is passed through in furnace from shaft furnace reactor upper inlet port, provides institute's calorific requirement for the reduction reaction of the reaction of solid carbon element material pyrolytic gasification and iron-bearing mineral in furnace.Solid carbon element material pyrolytic gasification is combined in a set of shaft furnace device with iron-bearing mineral reduction process and is completed by the present invention, is conducive to improve efficiency of energy utilization, is reduced production cost and construction investment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to non-blast furnace ironmaking fields, and in particular to a kind of shaft kiln directly reduced work of gas base and the combination of coal base phase
Skill.
Background technique
Non-blast furnace ironmaking technique includes direct-reduction technique and smelting reduction process two major classes, direct reduction iron making technique root
According to the difference for using reducing agent, two major classes can be divided into: the gas base directly reducing method of using gas reducing agent and using solid reduction
The coal-based direct reduction method of agent.
The Typical Representative of current gas base directly reducing technology is Midrex shaft furnace process and Energiron/HYL shaft furnace process.
Both shaft furnace process are current most widely used gas base directly reducing technologies, and typical feature is: being led to outside gas-based shaft kiln
After crossing the qualified high temperature reduction gas of a series of device preparation, be passed through in furnace and material directly contact, the material in furnace rely on from
Body gravity is run from top to bottom, and high temperature reduction gas is run from the bottom up, and existing gas-based shaft kiln directly reduced technique can
With the direct reduced iron of efficient, large-scale production high-quality, the maximum annual capacity of separate unit set equipment can achieve 2,500,000 tons
Or more production scale.But gas base directly reducing technology usually requires a large amount of cheap natural gases as support, therefore should
Technique is mainly distributed on the natural gas resources such as the Middle East, Middle and North America area abundant.
The Typical Representative of coal-based DR process is kiln process, and kiln process is also that the coal base that is widely used at present is straight
Connect reducing process, the characteristics of technique is: material is heated by thermal-flame and flue gas in furnace, furnace internal oxidition atmosphere and
Reducing atmosphere can not be effectively isolated, and material realizes migration by the rotation of kiln body in furnace；Due to the inadequate natural endowment of the technique,
Cause unstable product quality, energy consumption excessively high, and the size of capacity is usually done less, separate unit covers the maximum size of capacity of equipment
It is usually no more than 200,000 tons/year；Further, since being prone to ring formation failure inside kiln body, cause equipment operation rate usually relatively low.
Coal-based DR process does not depend on natural gas unduly, therefore is mainly distributed on that the natural gas resources such as India, South Africa are limited and coal
The resourceful area of charcoal.
Since there are rule using Midrex shaft furnace process and Energiron/HYL shaft furnace process as the gas base directly reducing technology of representative
Many technical advantages such as mould is big, product quality is high, in recent years, metallargist is had developed in succession with producer gas or coke oven
Gas base directly reducing technology of the coal gas as also Primordial Qi gas source, this is gas base directly reducing technology in the area of rich coal resources
Popularization and application provide certain technical support.But the technology needs additionally to configure a set of gas generator and therewith phase
The attached treatment facility closed, so that the production cost and construction investment of the technology are difficult with competitiveness, these deficiencies will be serious
Restrict the extensive use of existing gas-based shaft kiln directly reduced technique.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above, limited for natural gas resource and rich coal resources areas, the present invention provides one kind
The Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Process that gas base and coal base phase combine, can effectively solve the problem that existing coal-based direct reduction and gas base directly reducing
Deficiency existing for technique provides a kind of cost-effective solution party to be Direct Reduction Technology in the popularization and application of this area
Case.
To achieve the above object, the following technical solution is employed by the present invention:
A kind of Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Process of gas base and the combination of coal base phase, it is characterised in that sequentially include the following steps: use
The solid carbon element material of high volatile fills after mixing with iron-bearing mineral as the primary raw material for generating also Primordial Qi, the solid carbon element material
Enter shaft furnace reactor, and completes the pyrolytic gasification reaction and the reduction of iron-bearing mineral of solid carbon element material in the shaft furnace reactor
Reaction；The in-furnace temperature of the shaft furnace reactor is distributed, and is gradually reduced from top to down along short transverse, the also Primordial Qi in furnace with
Furnace charge is run downwardly together, and the speed that the also Primordial Qi in the furnace is run down is greater than the speed that material is run down；After reduction
Product be discharged from the discharge gate of shaft furnace reactor bottom, the also Primordial Qi in furnace is discharged from the exhaust outlet of shaft furnace reactor lower part；
After the also Primordial Qi discharge shaft furnace reactor, its ingredient is adjusted as needed, and be heated to 800~1350 again
Suitable temperature between DEG C is passed through in furnace as heat-carrying gas from the air inlet on shaft furnace reactor top, is solid carbon element in furnace
The pyrolytic gasification of material reacts and the reduction reaction of iron-bearing mineral provides required heat.
Volatile matter content >=20% of the solid carbon element material of the high volatile, it is preferable that using high volatile coal and/
Or biological material；
Its temperature is promoted between 800~1350 DEG C by the also Primordial Qi after the composition adjustment before being passed through in furnace
Suitable temperature, used heating means, it is preferable that using tubular type gas heater and/or using air and/or oxygen with
Also Primordial Qi after composition adjustment carries out directly being mixed and burned heating.
Reduction gas bag in the furnace includes the coal generated after material reaction out of furnace roof is passed through in furnace heat-carrying gas and furnace
The coal gas and solid that the reduction reaction of coal gas, solid carbon element material and iron-bearing mineral that the pyrolysis of gas and solid charcoal element material generates generates
The coal gas that the charcoal element gasification reaction of charcoal element material generates.
Composition adjustment after the also Primordial Qi discharge shaft furnace reactor, including the H in removing also Primordial Qi2O、CO2And/or N2。
The air inlet on shaft furnace reactor top is arranged in the furnace of shaft furnace reactor between charge level top and furnace roof
Region.
Product after the reduction is the mixture of direct reduced iron and semicoke, and shaft furnace reactor is discharged in the product after reduction
Temperature be 500~750 DEG C or be no more than 100 DEG C.
The iron-bearing mineral, it is preferable that use natural lump ore and/or artificial agglomerate.
The invention has the following advantages:
1) primary raw material using high volatile solid carbon element material as production also Primordial Qi, by the solid carbon element of high volatile
The pyrolytic gasification of material and the reduction process of iron-bearing mineral are combined in a set of vertical furnace and are completed, and do not need additionally to configure gas-based shaft kiln work
Also Primordial Qi preparation system or the gas renormalizing system of skill, greatly simplified the process flow of existing gas-based shaft kiln technique；
2) primary raw material using high volatile solid carbon element material as production also Primordial Qi, allows the invention to natural
Gas lacks however the resourceful area of high volatile coal is widely adopted；
3) since resource of the present invention is adaptable, and process flow is greatly simplified, can not only significantly reduce life
Cost is produced, and construction investment is highly beneficial, these advantages will actively promote environmentally protective mini-mill steelmaking to exist to reducing
Worldwide development；
4) furnace is mixed into using high volatile solid carbon element material and iron content block, advantageously reduces furnace in existing gas-based shaft kiln
Expect the probability to agglomerate, while the gasification reaction of charcoal element can be generated in reduction process, to obtain restoring required go back
Rough gas；
5) compared with traditional coal-based DR process, separate unit set equipment of the invention can be realized perpendicular with existing gas base
The production capacity of furnace considerable scale；
6) due to process operation feature of the invention, so that the also Primordial Qi to discharge out of the furnace does not need configuration tar removing dress
It sets.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the exemplary schematic diagram of present invention production hot direct reduced iron.
Fig. 2 is the exemplary schematic diagram of present invention production cold conditions direct reduced iron.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached Example, present invention is further described in detail.Each equipment used herein is all existing knot
Structure.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, using lignite as production also Primordial Qi primary raw material, by the pellet of suitable particle size, lignite and
The mixture that lime stone is made into according to 1000kg pellet with addition of the ratio of 500~2500kg lignite and 30~250kg lime stone
101, it is packed into furnace from the top of shaft furnace reactor 100, a part of lignite powder 102 sprays into shaft furnace reaction from lignite spray gun 103
The suitable position of the furnace wall in furnace on charge level 105 is arranged in device upper area 104, the lignite spray gun 103；Shaft furnace reactor
The temperature of upper area 104 and central region 106 maintains the suitable temperature between 800~1350 DEG C, the reducing gas in furnace
It is run down with stream, the temperature in shaft furnace reactor lower part region 107 is 500~750 DEG C.The pyrolysis of lignite and charcoal element in furnace
Gasification reaction, pellet reduction reaction, shaft furnace reactor central region 106 complete.
Reducing gas 201 is discharged from the exhaust outlet of shaft furnace reactor lower part, and delivery temperature is 500~750 DEG C.Reducing gas
201 after being discharged in 100 lower area 107 of shaft furnace reactor, first pass through heat exchanger 202 and are cooled down to it and recycle physics
Then waste heat removes dust therein by deduster 203, further, reducing gas 201 is removed in dehydration device 204
Contained in moisture, through compressor 205 pressurization after, in CO2CO contained in coal gas is removed in removing means 2062。CO2At dilution
Coal gas 207 after reason carries out being heated to 800 DEG C or so in tubular gas heater 208, then passes to that be located at shaft furnace anti-
The burner 210 on device 100 is answered, carries out burn incompletely together with the air 209 of coefficient of excess < 1, the gas after burning is made
It is passed through shaft furnace reactor upper area 104 for thermophore, and maintains the temperature in the region at 1200 DEG C or so.
After material completes reaction in furnace, product 301 is discharged from the discharge gate of shaft furnace reactor lower part, dump temperature 500
~750 DEG C.Product 301 is the mixture of direct reduced iron and semicoke, after the discharge of the discharge gate of shaft furnace bottom, in inert gas
And/or under the protection of reducibility gas, separated by hot screen device 302, respectively obtains hot 303 He of direct reduced iron
Hot semicoke 304.Further, hot semicoke 304 is cooled to 100 DEG C hereinafter, acquisition can be safe in cooler 305
The semicoke 306 of storage.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Fig. 2, using lignite as production also Primordial Qi primary raw material, by the pellet of suitable particle size, lignite and
The mixture that lime stone is made into according to 1000kg pellet with addition of the ratio of 500~2500kg lignite and 30~250kg lime stone
101, it is packed into furnace from the top of shaft furnace reactor 100；The temperature of shaft furnace reactor upper area 104 and central region 106 dimension
The suitable temperature between 800~1350 DEG C is held, the reducing gas and stream in furnace are run down, shaft furnace reactor lower part area
The temperature in domain 107 is 500~750 DEG C.The reduction reaction of the gasification reaction of the pyrolysis of lignite and charcoal element, pellet in furnace, perpendicular
The central region 106 of furnace reactor is completed.
Reducing gas 201 is discharged from the exhaust outlet of shaft furnace reactor lower part, and delivery temperature is 500~750 DEG C.Reducing gas
201 after being discharged in shaft furnace reactor 100, first pass through heat exchanger 202 and are cooled down to it and recycle physics waste heat, then lead to
It crosses deduster 203 and removes dust therein, further, water contained in reducing gas 201 is removed in dehydration device 204
Point, after the pressurization of compressor 205, in CO2CO contained in coal gas is removed in removing means 2062。CO2Dilution treated coal gas
207 carry out being heated to 400 DEG C or so in tubular gas heater 208, then pass to and are located on shaft furnace reactor 100
Burner 210 carries out burn incompletely with the oxygen-enriched air 209 of coefficient of excess < 1 together, and the gas after burning is as thermophore
It is passed through shaft furnace reactor upper area 104, and maintains the temperature in the region at 1200 DEG C or so；The setting of burner 210 exists
The suitable position of furnace wall in furnace on charge level 105.
After material completes reaction in furnace, product 301 is discharged from the discharge gate of shaft furnace reactor lower part, dump temperature 500
~750 DEG C.Product 301 is the mixture of direct reduced iron and semi-coke, after the discharge of the discharge gate of shaft furnace bottom, is filled into cooling
It sets in 307, is cooled in cooling device 307 to 100 DEG C or less；Material in cooling device 307 is carried out using gas 312
Cooling, cooling gas, with material antikinesis, and is discharged, the gas of discharge in cooling device 307 from the top of cooling device 307
Body 313 is after the cooling of cooler 314, then is re-used as cooling gas after pressurizeing by compressor 315 and is recycled into cooling device
In 307；The gas source and/or supplement gas source of the gas 312 use CO2Dilution treated coal gas 207.Product after cooling
308 are separated by magnetic separation sorter 309, respectively obtain the direct reduced iron 310 of cold conditions and the semi-coke 311 of cold conditions.
The embodiment of the present invention is described with above attached drawing, but the invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific realities
Mode is applied, the above mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art exist
It is without breaking away from the scope protected by the purposes and claims of the present invention, all to use equivalents under enlightenment of the invention
Or the technical solution that equivalence replacement mode is formed, it belongs within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Process that a kind of gas base and coal base phase combine, it is characterised in that: using the solid carbon of high volatile
For element material as the primary raw material for generating also Primordial Qi, the solid carbon element material is packed into shaft furnace reactor after mixing with iron-bearing mineral, and
The pyrolytic gasification reaction and the reduction reaction of iron-bearing mineral of solid carbon element material are completed in the shaft furnace reactor；The shaft furnace is anti-
It answers the in-furnace temperature of device to be distributed, is gradually reduced from top to down along short transverse, the also Primordial Qi in furnace is run downwardly together with furnace charge,
The speed that also Primordial Qi in the furnace is run down is greater than the speed that material is run down；Product after reduction is from shaft furnace reactor
The discharge gate of bottom is discharged, and the also Primordial Qi in furnace is discharged from the exhaust outlet of shaft furnace reactor lower part；Shaft furnace is discharged in the also Primordial Qi
After reactor, also Primordial Qi ingredient is adjusted as needed, and be heated to the suitable temperature between 800~1350 DEG C again
Degree is used as heat-carrying gas, is passed through in furnace from the air inlet on shaft furnace reactor top, is that the pyrolytic gasification of solid carbon element material in furnace is anti-
It answers and the reduction reaction of iron-bearing mineral provides required heat.
2. the Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Process that gas base according to claim 1 and coal base phase combine, it is characterised in that: wherein institute
State volatile matter content >=20% of the solid carbon element material of high volatile.
3. the Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Process that gas base according to claim 2 and coal base phase combine, it is characterised in that: the height
The solid carbon element material of volatile matter is coal and/or biological material.
4. the Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Process that gas base according to claim 1 and coal base phase combine, it is characterised in that: wherein institute
Temperature is promoted to the suitable temperature between 800~1350 DEG C, is adopted by the also Primordial Qi after stating composition adjustment before being passed through in furnace
Heating means are using the gas heater of tubular type and/or using the also Primordial Qi after air and/or oxygen and composition adjustment
It carries out directly being mixed and burned heating.
5. the Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Process that gas base according to claim 1 and coal base phase combine, it is characterised in that: wherein institute
It states the reduction gas bag in furnace and includes the coal gas generated after material reaction out of furnace roof is passed through in furnace heat-carrying gas and furnace, solid carbon element
The charcoal element for the coal gas and solid carbon element material that the reduction reaction of coal gas, solid carbon element material and iron-bearing mineral that material pyrolysis generates generates
The coal gas that gasification reaction generates.
6. the Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Process that gas base according to claim 1 and coal base phase combine, it is characterised in that: wherein institute
Composition adjustment after stating also Primordial Qi discharge shaft furnace reactor, including the H in removing also Primordial Qi2O、CO2And/or N2。
7. the Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Process that gas base according to claim 1 and coal base phase combine, it is characterised in that: described perpendicular
The air inlet on furnace reactor top, is arranged in the region in the furnace of shaft furnace reactor between charge level top and furnace roof.
8. the Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Process that gas base according to claim 1 and coal base phase combine, it is characterised in that: wherein institute
Product after stating reduction is the mixture of direct reduced iron and semicoke, and the temperature of the product discharge shaft furnace reactor after reduction is
500~750 DEG C or be no more than 100 DEG C.
9. the Shaft Furnace Direct Reduction Process that gas base according to claim 1 and coal base phase combine, it is characterised in that: wherein institute
Stating iron-bearing mineral is natural lump ore and/or artificial agglomerate.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4160663A (en) * | 1978-02-21 | 1979-07-10 | Jack Hsieh | Method for the direct reduction of iron ore |
| US4246024A (en) * | 1979-10-31 | 1981-01-20 | Grupo Industrial Alfa, S.A. | Method for the gaseous reduction of metal ores using reducing gas produced by gasification of solid or liquid fossil fuels |
| US4331470A (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1982-05-25 | Midrex Corporation | Method for the direct reduction of iron in a shaft furnace using gas from coal |
| CN1109911A (en) * | 1995-03-11 | 1995-10-11 | 宝山钢铁(集团)公司 | Method for producing spongy iron by coal-base gas-making in vertical furnace |
| CN108300829A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-07-20 | 唐竹胜 | A kind of direct reduced iron method of gas base and the conjunction of coal base junction |
| CN110106303A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-08-09 | 唐佳 | A kind of shaft kiln directly reduced iron device of suitable gas base and coal base |
-
2019
- 2019-09-11 CN CN201910859778.0A patent/CN110453027A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4160663A (en) * | 1978-02-21 | 1979-07-10 | Jack Hsieh | Method for the direct reduction of iron ore |
| US4246024A (en) * | 1979-10-31 | 1981-01-20 | Grupo Industrial Alfa, S.A. | Method for the gaseous reduction of metal ores using reducing gas produced by gasification of solid or liquid fossil fuels |
| US4331470A (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1982-05-25 | Midrex Corporation | Method for the direct reduction of iron in a shaft furnace using gas from coal |
| CN1109911A (en) * | 1995-03-11 | 1995-10-11 | 宝山钢铁(集团)公司 | Method for producing spongy iron by coal-base gas-making in vertical furnace |
| CN108300829A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-07-20 | 唐竹胜 | A kind of direct reduced iron method of gas base and the conjunction of coal base junction |
| CN110106303A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-08-09 | 唐佳 | A kind of shaft kiln directly reduced iron device of suitable gas base and coal base |
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Application publication date: 20191115 |