CN110441821B - Fault fast interpretation method based on variable interpretation net density - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fault fast interpretation method based on variable interpretation net density, which comprises the following steps: 1) performing interpretative processing on seismic data to be interpreted; 2) extracting and explaining variance body attribute slices near a target layer by utilizing a variance body technology; 3) interpreting a fault on the extracted attribute slice, and determining the number and position of corners of the fault on a plane; 4) respectively extracting the head end point and the tail end point of a fault line on a plane and the seismic section passing through each inflection point of the fault in a direction perpendicular to the trend direction of the fault, and completing the explanation of the fault on the seismic section to form a variable explanation measuring net density fault explanation; 5) performing internal interpolation interpretation of the fault between the seismic sections to finish the interpretation work of the fault; 6) and repeating the steps 3) -5) until the interpretation of all fault in the work area is completed. The invention not only has higher working efficiency and interpretation precision, but also can ensure the space closure of the fault.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a quick fault interpretation method, in particular to a fault quick interpretation method based on variable interpretation measuring net density aiming at a complex fault block oil and gas field.
Background
Because the fault of the complex fault block oil and gas field develops for multiple times and the fracture system is complex, after the oil field enters the middle and later development stages, along with the requirements of residual oil distribution prediction and well position optimization, the precision of seismic structure interpretation, particularly fault interpretation, is also more strictly required. In recent years, with the progress of three-dimensional seismic data acquisition and processing technology, a full three-dimensional interpretation technology taking full-automatic interpretation of a three-dimensional space as a core is rapidly developed. The full three-dimensional interpretation technology sets spatial seed points according to geological knowledge, and realizes the interpretation of a horizon and a fault and the carving of the top and the bottom of a sand body through automatic tracking. Under the condition of better data quality, the technology can obtain satisfactory effect, but the application condition of the technology is too ideal, and in the practical production application, aiming at various geological conditions, especially complex block-type geological conditions, the structure form is complex, the quality of seismic data is poor, the effect of the technology is poor, the practicability is lacked, and the problems that faults are not closed and need to be repeatedly modified exist.
Under the background, the seismic structure interpretation returns to the track of the three-dimensional data two-dimensional interpretation again, namely, the interpretation is carried out section by section, then the closure of the horizon and the fault is sought in the space, and the structure interpretation is realized by taking the main survey line and the connecting line which are thinned in the three-dimensional work area as the frame and gradually encrypting the survey line interpretation through the line-surface-body thought. However, for a large three-dimensional data volume, the horizon tracking, the fault interpretation and the fault plane combination are performed according to a two-dimensional interpretation method, so that the problems of unclosed horizons and faults, unreasonable fault plane combination and the like exist, and the working efficiency is seriously influenced. Therefore, how to effectively mine the intrinsic information contained in the three-dimensional data and greatly improve the fault interpretation work efficiency is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the current seismic fault interpretation work.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a fault fast interpretation method based on variable interpretation measurement network density, which can not only fast develop fault interpretation in complex fault block oil fields, but also ensure fault space closure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a fault fast interpretation method based on variable interpretation net density comprises the following steps:
1) performing interpretative processing such as frequency boosting, noise reduction, filtering and the like on seismic data to be interpreted so as to improve the quality of the seismic data, enhance the transverse continuity of seismic reflection in-phase axes, highlight fault boundary display and obtain a seismic data volume capable of fully highlighting fault information;
2) extracting and explaining variance body attribute slices near a target layer by utilizing a variance body technology to serve as a data basis for determining fault inflection points; the explanation destination layer refers to a time range in which a stratum needing to be explained is located, which is determined on the seismic data to be explained, for example, a stratum in about 1200 milliseconds is explained, and the destination layer can be set to be about 1000 and 1500 milliseconds;
3) interpreting a fault on the extracted variance body attribute slice, and determining the number and the position of corners of the fault on a variance body attribute plane based on the fault form interpreted on the variance body attribute slice;
4) perpendicular to the fault trend direction, respectively extracting the head end point and the tail end point of a fault line on the variance vector attribute plane in the step 3) and the seismic section passing each inflection point of the fault, and completing the explanation of the fault on the seismic section so as to form a variable interpretation net density fault explanation;
5) guiding the internal interpolation interpretation of the fault between the seismic sections by using a section gridding technology, and finishing the interpretation work of the fault;
6) and repeating the steps 3) -5) until the interpretation of all fault in the work area is completed, and simultaneously completing the plane combination of the fault.
Preferably, in the step 3), the method for determining the number and position of the corners of the fault on the variance body attribute plane based on the fault morphology interpreted on the variance body attribute slice is as follows:
firstly, regarding a certain fault explained on the extracted variance body attribute slice as an arbitrary shape curve, and defining two ends of the arbitrary shape curve as the head end and the tail end of the fault respectively;
starting from the head end of the curve with the arbitrary shape, approximately fitting the curve with the arbitrary shape by using a plurality of straight line segments, and assuming that the number of the straight line segments used when the shape of the curve with the arbitrary shape can be completely fitted is n, the number of inflection points of the curve with the arbitrary shape is n-1, thereby determining the number of the inflection points of the fault on the attribute plane of the variance body;
and thirdly, connecting the intersection point of two adjacent straight line segments with the curve in any shape, wherein the intersection point of the line segment with the shortest distance and the curve in any shape can be determined as the position of the fault inflection point.
The fault fast interpretation method, preferably, in the step 4), the method for forming the variable interpretation geodesic density fault interpretation is as follows:
the distance between each seismic section is determined by the complexity of the fault on the attribute plane of the variance body, when the fault is simple on the attribute plane of the variance body at the maximum, the interpreted fault line is a straight line, the number of inflection points is 0, and the interpretation is carried out on the seismic sections corresponding to the head end and the tail end of the fault only; when the fault has a complex shape on the variance body attribute plane, the number of the seismic section fault interpretations is increased in a self-adaptive mode according to the fault complexity degree, and therefore the variable interpretation geodesic density fault interpretation is formed.
In the method for quickly explaining the fault, preferably, in the step 5), the method for performing interpolation explanation inside the fault between the seismic sections by using the section gridding technology is as follows:
firstly, defining the interpolation number as i in advance, and then comprehensively equally dividing and searching i points between adjacent inflection points of a fault line explained on a variance body attribute plane and between a head end point and a tail end point of the fault and the adjacent inflection points;
and secondly, extracting the seismic section corresponding to the points i along the direction perpendicular to the fault trend, and then carrying out fault explanation on the seismic section according to the guidance of a section gridding technology, thereby finishing the internal interpolation explanation of the fault.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: the invention takes variable interpretation network density interpretation as a core, and takes fault complexity as guidance by locking fault inflection points, thereby rapidly completing fault section interpretation and simultaneously realizing plane combination of faults. Compared with the traditional two-dimensional fault interpretation technology, the method has higher working efficiency and interpretation precision, and can better ensure the space closure of the fault compared with the traditional three-dimensional fault interpretation technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a seismic data volume after an explanatory processing of an oilfield fault in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a variance volume attribute slice extracted from an interpretive processed seismic data volume during interpretation of an oilfield fault in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of three faults explained on the above variance body plane attribute when a fault is explained in an oil field according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of the interpretation of three faults in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the result of interpolation interpretation of three faults in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the objects, features and advantages of the invention can be more clearly understood. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely intended to illustrate the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention.
The invention is further explained by taking a complex fault block oil field fault explanation entering the middle and later stages of development as an example, as shown in fig. 1, the fault fast explanation method based on variable interpretation net density provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) the seismic data used for fault interpretation in the oil field are subjected to interpretation processing such as resolution improvement, noise suppression, structure filtering and the like, and a seismic data body (shown in fig. 2) capable of fully highlighting fault information is obtained.
2) With the variance volume technique, attribute slices near the interpretation destination layer are extracted as a data basis for determining the fault inflection point (as shown in fig. 3).
3) Three slices (shown from left to right in fig. 4, defined as slice 1, slice 2, and slice 3, respectively) are interpreted on the extracted variogram attribute slice. Based on the morphology of these three faults explained on the variance body attribute slice, it is determined that fault 1 has 5 inflection points, fault 2 has 0 inflection point (straight line on the plane), and fault 3 has 3 inflection points. As shown in fig. 4, where the dots represent the end points or inflection points of the faults.
4) And respectively extracting head and tail end points of the fault 1, the fault 2 and the fault 3 and a seismic section passing through each inflection point of the three faults in a direction perpendicular to the trend direction of the faults, and completing the explanation of the three faults on the seismic section so as to form a variable interpretation geodesic density fault explanation. Wherein, 2 (end point) +5 (number of turns) is explained for fault 1, 2 (end point) +0 (number of turns) is explained for fault 2, 2 (end point) +0 (number of turns) is explained for fault 3, 2 (end point) +3 (number of turns) is explained for fault 3, 5 seismic sections, and the final explanation result is shown in fig. 5.
5) And guiding the internal interpolation interpretation of the fault between the seismic sections by using a section gridding technology, selecting another seismic section between two adjacent seismic sections for fault interpretation, then interpreting 2+ 5-1-6 (interval number) seismic sections by using the fault 1, interpreting 2+0-1 (interval number) seismic sections by using the fault 2, interpreting 2+ 3-1-4 (interval number) seismic sections by using the fault 3, and finally interpreting the result as shown in fig. 6, wherein a round dot represents the position of the seismic section extracted during fault interpolation interpretation, and a dotted line represents the result of fault interpolation interpretation.
6) And repeating the steps 3) -5) until the explanation of all fault in the work area is completed, and simultaneously, the plane combination of the fault is also completed.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the structure, connection mode, manufacturing process, etc. of the components may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A fault fast interpretation method based on variable interpretation net density is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) performing interpretative processing on seismic data to be interpreted so as to improve the quality of the seismic data, enhance the transverse continuity of seismic reflection event axes, highlight fault boundary display and obtain a seismic data volume capable of fully highlighting fault information;
2) extracting and explaining a variance body attribute plane near a target layer by utilizing a variance body technology to serve as a data basis for determining a fault inflection point;
3) interpreting a fault on the extracted variance body attribute plane, and determining the number and the position of corners of the fault on the variance body attribute plane based on the interpreted fault form on the variance body attribute plane;
4) perpendicular to the fault trend direction, respectively extracting the head end point and the tail end point of a fault passing line on the variance body attribute plane in the step 3) and the seismic section passing each inflection point of the fault, and completing the explanation of the fault on the seismic section so as to form a variable interpretation net density fault explanation, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
the distance between each seismic section is determined by the complexity of the fault on the attribute plane of the variance body, when the fault is simple on the attribute plane of the variance body at the maximum, the interpreted fault line is a straight line, the number of inflection points is 0, and the interpretation is carried out on the seismic sections corresponding to the head end and the tail end of the fault only; when the fault has a complex form on the variance body attribute plane, the number of the seismic section fault interpretations is increased in a self-adaptive mode according to the fault complexity degree, and therefore variable interpretation geodesic density fault interpretations are formed;
5) guiding the internal interpolation interpretation of the fault between the seismic sections by using a section gridding technology, and finishing the interpretation work of the fault;
6) and repeating the steps 3) -5) until the interpretation of all fault in the work area is completed, and simultaneously completing the plane combination of the fault.
2. The fault fast interpretation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), based on the fault morphology interpreted on the attribute plane of the variance volume, the method for determining the number and the position of the corners of the fault on the attribute plane of the variance volume is as follows:
firstly, regarding a certain fault explained on the extracted variance cube attribute plane as an arbitrary shape curve, and defining two ends of the arbitrary shape curve as the head end and the tail end of the fault respectively;
starting from the head end of the curve with the arbitrary shape, approximately fitting the curve with the arbitrary shape by using a plurality of straight line segments, and assuming that the number of the straight line segments used when the shape of the curve with the arbitrary shape can be completely fitted is n, the number of inflection points of the curve with the arbitrary shape is n-1, thereby determining the number of the inflection points of the fault on the attribute plane of the variance body;
and thirdly, connecting the intersection point of two adjacent straight line segments with the curve in any shape, wherein the intersection point of the line segment with the shortest distance and the curve in any shape can be determined as the position of the fault inflection point.
3. The fault fast interpretation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the method for carrying out the internal interpolation interpretation of the fault between the seismic sections by using the section gridding technology is as follows:
firstly, defining the interpolation number as i in advance, and then comprehensively equally dividing and searching i points between adjacent inflection points of a fault line explained on a variance body attribute plane and between a head end point and a tail end point of the fault and the adjacent inflection points;
and secondly, extracting the seismic section corresponding to the points i along the direction perpendicular to the fault trend, and then carrying out fault explanation on the seismic section according to the guidance of a section gridding technology, thereby finishing the internal interpolation explanation of the fault.
4. The fault fast interpretation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the interpretation processing includes frequency-up, noise-reduction and filtering processing of the seismic data to be interpreted.
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