CN110441542B - Sagnac atomic interferometer based on annular light field and measuring method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Sagnac atomic interferometer based on a ring-shaped optical field and a measuring method, which relate to the technical field of precision measurement and comprise the following steps: the device comprises a transparent vacuum cavity, an annular light field generator, a Raman light generator and a photoelectric detector; the transparent vacuum cavity is used for cooling and enclosing atoms; the annular light field generator is used for projecting an annular light field into the transparent vacuum cavity so as to load cold atomic groups; the Raman light generator is used for projecting Raman light to the transparent vacuum cavity to prepare an atomic internal state and carry out atomic beam splitting and/or beam combining operation so as to enable atomic groups to generate interference; the photoelectric detector is used for detecting interference fringes generated by radicals in the transparent vacuum cavity; the Sagnac atomic interferometer for the annular light field utilizes laser to construct the annular light field, the structure is easy to regulate and control, and the stability of a potential well is better; the atoms of the Sagnac atomic interferometer in the annular light field move along an annular loop under the control of the annular light and the Raman light, and compared with the existing Sagnac interferometer, the Sagnac atomic interferometer in the annular light field theoretically has higher sensitivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precision measurement, in particular to a Sagnac atomic interferometer based on a ring-shaped optical field and a measurement method.
Background
Since the pulsed atomic interferometer was successfully realized by the junkerchief experimental group at the university of stanford in 1991, the atomic interferometer has been widely applied to the aspects of gravity acceleration measurement, gravity gradient measurement, fine structure constant measurement, rotation angular velocity measurement and the like. With the continuous development of cold atom interferometer technology, atom gyroscopes based on the cold atom interferometer technology are also developed vigorously in the world. The unit of development and the current situation of the atomic gyroscope in the world are as follows:
as early as 1996, the Mark Kasevich research group at Stanford university developed the first quantum gyroscope in the world using a Raman pulse gyroscope, which can be comparable to the most advanced optical gyroscope; stanford 2000University and yale university collaborated, successfully improving laboratory quantum gyroscopes. The measurement precision of the device reaches 1.2 multiplied by 10-4rad/s; the research work of Stanford university mainly focuses on improving the long-term stability of the system, and the integrated atomic interference gyroscope with excellent indexes is provided. In 2008, a small double-interference quantum gyroscope is successfully developed by the university of Hannover in Germany, two atom wells which are symmetrical left and right share the same interference chamber, and two times of interference can be easily finished; the length of the main body of the gyroscope is only 90cm, and the short-term ground detection accuracy exceeds 6.1 multiplied by 10-7rad·s-1Hz-1/2. In addition, according to the latest index obtained from the astronomical stage of paris, france, the sensitivity of the measurement in the short term is about 2.4 × 10-7rad·s-1Hz-1/2Sensitivity of about 10 in the long term-8rad·s-1Hz-1/2。
The 2016 group at the university of nottingham, uk and the university of greek kritt proposed a scheme for implementing a matter wave Sagnac atomic interferometer using a circular, state-dependent magnetic field. According to the results of numerical simulation, the Sagnac interferometer realized by the method can reach the atomic shot noise limit, if the diameter of the annular field is 1 cm, the atomic number is 106The expected sensitivity can reach 10-9rad·s-1Hz-1/2Far higher than the existing Sagnac interferometer.
The above toroidal field solutions have technical problems, the structure of the magnetic field is difficult to adjust and control, the stability of the magnetic field is difficult to make well, and these can heat and decoherence the cold atoms in the toroidal potential well. So that it would be difficult to actually realize a high-sensitivity toroidal potential well Sagnac interferometer. The stability of the optical field is better, the structure is easier to regulate and control, and the stable high-sensitivity Sagnac atomic interferometer based on the annular optical field can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the Sagnac atomic interferometer with the annular light field, which has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation, accuracy in measurement, strong feasibility and easiness in practicability.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a Sagnac atomic interferometer based on a ring-shaped optical field, including: the device comprises a transparent vacuum cavity, an annular light field generator, a Raman light generator and a photoelectric detector; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the transparent vacuum cavity is used for cooling and enclosing atoms;
the annular light field generator is used for projecting an annular light field into the transparent vacuum cavity so as to load cold atomic groups;
the Raman light generator is used for projecting Raman light to the transparent vacuum cavity to prepare an atomic internal state and perform atomic beam splitting and/or beam combining operation so as to enable atomic groups to generate interference;
and the photoelectric detector is used for detecting interference fringes generated by radicals in the transparent vacuum cavity.
Preferably, the raman light generator comprises: a first Raman light generator and a second Raman light generator respectively arranged at two sides of the transparent vacuum cavity, wherein,
the first Raman light generator projects pi/2 Raman pulse to one side of the transparent vacuum cavity and is used for preparing atoms in an initial state |1, -1> into a coherent superposition state of |1, -1> state and |2, +1> state, namely beam splitting operation is carried out; the two paths of atomic groups are coherently combined, namely, the beam combining operation is carried out to generate interference fringes;
and the second Raman light generator projects pi Raman pulses to the other side of the transparent vacuum cavity for exchanging the internal states of the atoms.
Preferably, the annular light field generator, including but not limited to: the device comprises a laser, an optical element spiral phase plate and a spatial filter, wherein the laser, the optical element spiral phase plate and the spatial filter are sequentially arranged; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the laser is used for generating fundamental mode Gaussian laser and projecting the fundamental mode Gaussian laser to the optical element spiral phase plate;
the optical element spiral phase plate is used for converting the fundamental mode Gaussian laser into a Laguerre Gaussian beam with an annular structure;
the spatial filter is used for converting the pull-cover Gaussian beam into an annular light field with spatial distribution of light intensity.
Preferably, the ring-shaped optical field comprises two half-ring-shaped optical fields, wherein one half-ring-shaped optical field only acts on atoms in the |1, -1> state; the other half-ring field only works for atoms in the |2, +1> state.
Preferably, the semi-annular light field has a spatial distribution: the light intensity at the middle part is strong and the light intensity at the two ends is weak.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the rotating speed of the annular light field system by adopting the Sagnac atomic interferometer based on the annular light field, which comprises the following steps:
loading the initial state cold atoms into the annular light field;
splitting atoms into two beams of atomic groups by utilizing pi/2 Raman pulse to prepare a coherent superposition state;
exchanging atomic internal states by pi Raman pulses;
utilizing pi/2 Raman pulse to coherently combine two beams of radicals to generate interference fringes;
and extracting the phase shift of the interference fringe, and acquiring the rotation speed according to the phase shift.
Preferably, the loading of the initial state cold atoms into the ring-shaped light field specifically comprises:
cold atoms with initial states |1, -1> in the transparent vacuum chamber are loaded into the annular optical field.
Preferably, the splitting of the atoms into two clusters by pi/2 raman pulses is performed to a coherent superposition state, specifically:
and splitting the atoms at the starting end of the annular light field into two clusters by using pi/2 Raman pulses to prepare coherent superposition states of a state |1, -1> and a state |2, +1 >.
Preferably, the exchanging of the atomic internal state by pi raman pulse is specifically as follows:
when two beams of atomic groups move to the other end opposite to the starting end of the annular light field, the internal states of atoms are exchanged by pi Raman pulses.
Preferably, the two clusters are coherently combined by using a pi/2 raman pulse to generate interference fringes, specifically:
when the two clusters move back to the starting end of the annular light field, atoms in the state of |1, -1> and the state of |2, +1> are coherently combined by using a pi/2 Raman pulse to generate interference and generate interference fringes.
The invention provides a Sagnac atomic interferometer based on a ring-shaped optical field and a measuring method, which have the following beneficial effects:
1. the Sagnac atomic interferometer for the annular light field utilizes laser to construct the annular light field, the structure is easy to regulate and control, and the stability of a potential well is better;
2. the atoms of the Sagnac atomic interferometer in the annular light field move along an annular loop under the control of the annular light and the Raman light, and compared with the existing Sagnac interferometer, the Sagnac atomic interferometer in the annular light field theoretically has higher sensitivity.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a Sagnac atomic interferometer based on a ring-shaped optical field according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an annular light field generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circular light field structure of a Sagnac atomic interferometer based on a circular light field according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a Sagnac atomic interferometer principle based on a ring-shaped optical field in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for measuring rotational speed using the Sagnac atomic interferometer based on a ring-shaped optical field according to an embodiment of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
a transparent vacuum cavity-1, an annular light field generator-2, a first Raman light generator-301, a second Raman light generator-302, a photoelectric detector-4, a laser-201, an optical element spiral phase plate-202, a spatial filter-203, a primary end-5 and an opposite end-6;
the implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the motion situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a Sagnac atomic interferometer based on a ring-shaped optical field;
in a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention comprises: a transparent vacuum cavity 1 (glass vacuum cavity), an annular light field generator 2, a Raman light generator (a first Raman light generator 301 and a second Raman light generator 302 which are respectively arranged at two sides of the transparent vacuum cavity 1) and a photoelectric detector 4; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the glass vacuum cavity 1 is used for providing a high vacuum environment required by cold atoms;
in the embodiment of the invention, the glass cavity is high vacuum, so that the influence of background hot atoms on cold atomic groups is reduced, and the measurement accuracy is improved;
the annular light field generator 2 is used for projecting an annular light field into the glass vacuum cavity so as to load cold atomic groups;
in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the annular light field generator 2 includes, but is not limited to: the device comprises a laser 201, an optical element spiral phase plate 202 and a spatial filter 203, wherein the laser 201, the optical element spiral phase plate 202 and the spatial filter 203 are sequentially arranged; wherein, the fundamental mode gaussian laser generated by the laser 201 generates a laguerre gaussian beam with a ring structure through the spiral phase plate 202; the generated pull cover Gaussian beam forms a semi-annular light field with light intensity having specific spatial distribution after passing through the spatial filter 203, the light intensity in the middle of the annular light field is stronger, and the light intensities at two ends are weaker; splicing two annular light fields to form a complete annular light field forming the sagnac atomic interferometer;
in the embodiment of the invention, the annular light field consists of potential wells of two half rings, and each half ring can trap only one internal state by adjusting the detuning of laser. Each semi-ring potential well gradually increases from the starting end of the annular light field to the trap depth at the other end, laser of the annular light field is red detuned, and static atoms move towards the deeper direction of the trap depth. Therefore, atoms in different internal states move along two half rings in the annular optical field respectively, so that the spatial positions of the atoms in the |1, -1> state and the |2, +1> state are not overlapped; as shown in fig. 3, the left half ring only acts on the atoms in the |1, -1> states, and only the atoms in the |1, -1> states can move along this half ring; the right half ring only acts on atoms in the |2, +1> state, and only atoms in the |2, +1> state can move along this half ring;
the Raman light generator 3 is used for projecting Raman light to the glass vacuum cavity 1 to prepare an atomic internal state and carrying out atomic beam splitting and/or beam combining operation, so that atomic groups are interfered, and phase shift can be obtained through interference fringe measurement; specifically, the first raman light generator 301 projects pi/2 raman pulses to one side of the glass vacuum chamber 1 for preparing the atoms of the initial state |1, -1> to coherent superposition states of |1, -1> state and |2, +1> state, i.e., performing a beam splitting operation; the two paths of atomic groups are coherently combined, namely, the beam combining operation is carried out to generate interference fringes; the second Raman light generator 302 projects pi Raman pulses to the other side of the glass vacuum cavity 1 for exchanging the internal states of atoms;
in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, (|1, -1>) in the interferometer is in an initial state. Applying pi/2 Raman pulse at the initial end 5 to prepare the atoms of the initial state |1, -1> to coherent superposition state of |1, -1> state and |2, +1> state, which is equivalent to a beam splitter; two beams of atoms in two internal states can respectively move along two semi-rings from the initial end 5; at the opposite end 6 of the initial end 5, a pi raman pulse pair radical is applied, exchanging atomic internal states, corresponding to the mirrors in an optical interferometer. The two beams of atoms continue to move along the two semi-rings respectively due to certain speed, and at the moment, the atoms perform deceleration movement towards the direction that the trap depth becomes shallow. When returning to the initial end 5, acting Pi/2 Raman pulse operation to realize coherent beam combination of atomic groups and generate interference fringes;
and the photoelectric detector is used for detecting interference fringes generated by radicals in the glass vacuum cavity.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the accumulated phase difference information is converted into the phase shift of the interference fringe in the same time according to the physical process. As long as the Sagnac phase shift caused by the system rotation speed can be extracted from the measured total phase shift, the corresponding rotation speed can be extracted by a Sagnac phase shift expression, and the final measurement purpose is achieved.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the rotating speed of the annular light field system by adopting the Sagnac atomic interferometer based on the annular light field;
in a second preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the following is included:
s10, loading the initial state cold atoms into the annular light field;
in the embodiment of the invention, a spiral phase plate and spatial filtering are utilized to generate an optical field with a specific structure for forming the annular Sagnac atomic interferometer, and cold atoms with initial states of |1, -1> in a glass vacuum cavity are loaded into the annular optical field;
s20, splitting atoms into two clusters by utilizing pi/2 Raman pulse to prepare a coherent superposition state;
in the embodiment of the invention, pi/2 Raman pulse is acted at the initial end of the annular optical field, and atoms in the initial state |1, -1> are prepared into coherent superposition states of |1, -1> state and |2, +1> state. Atoms in different internal states move along two semi-rings in the annular light field respectively;
s30, exchanging the internal states of atoms by utilizing pi Raman pulses;
in the embodiment of the invention, when two beams of atoms move to the other end of the annular light field, a Raman pi pulse operation is applied to exchange the internal states of the atoms. The two beams of atoms continue to move along the two semi-rings at a certain speed, and at the moment, the atoms perform deceleration movement towards the direction of the shallow trap depth;
s40, coherent combination of the two atomic groups by utilizing the Pi/2 Raman pulse to generate interference fringes;
in the embodiment of the invention, when the speed of the initial end returning to the annular light field becomes zero and is coincident, pi/2 pulse is introduced, so that two paths of radicals are coherently combined to generate interference fringes;
and S50, extracting the phase shift of the interference fringes and acquiring the rotation speed according to the phase shift.
In the embodiment of the invention, the rotation speed of the system can be measured according to the phase shift of the interference fringes relative to the static system.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A Sagnac atomic interferometer based on a ring-shaped optical field, comprising: the device comprises a transparent vacuum cavity, an annular light field generator, a Raman light generator and a photoelectric detector; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the transparent vacuum cavity is used for cooling and enclosing atoms;
the annular light field generator is used for projecting an annular light field into the transparent vacuum cavity so as to load cold atomic groups;
the Raman light generator is used for projecting Raman light to the transparent vacuum cavity to prepare an atomic internal state and perform atomic beam splitting and/or beam combining operation so as to enable atomic groups to generate interference;
the photoelectric detector is used for detecting interference fringes generated by radicals in the transparent vacuum cavity;
the Raman light generator comprises: a first Raman light generator and a second Raman light generator respectively arranged at two sides of the transparent vacuum cavity, wherein,
the first Raman light generator projects pi/2 Raman pulse to one side of the transparent vacuum cavity and is used for preparing atoms in an initial state |1, -1> into a coherent superposition state of |1, -1> state and |2, +1> state, namely beam splitting operation is carried out; the two paths of atomic groups are coherently combined, namely, the beam combining operation is carried out to generate interference fringes;
the second Raman light generator projects pi Raman pulses to the other side of the transparent vacuum cavity and is used for exchanging atomic internal states;
the ring-shaped light field comprises two semi-ring-shaped light fields, wherein one semi-ring-shaped light field only acts on atoms in the state of |1, -1 >; the other half-ring field only works for atoms in the |2, +1> state;
the semi-annular light field has the spatial distribution: the light intensity at the middle part is strong and the light intensity at the two ends is weak.
2. The Sagnac atomic interferometer based on a ring-shaped light field of claim 1, wherein the ring-shaped light field generator comprises: the device comprises a laser, an optical element spiral phase plate and a spatial filter, wherein the laser, the optical element spiral phase plate and the spatial filter are sequentially arranged; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the laser is used for generating fundamental mode Gaussian laser and projecting the fundamental mode Gaussian laser to the optical element spiral phase plate;
the optical element spiral phase plate is used for converting the fundamental mode Gaussian laser into a Laguerre Gaussian beam with an annular structure;
the spatial filter is used for converting the Laguerre Gaussian beam into an annular light field with spatial distribution of light intensity.
3. The method for measuring the rotation speed of the annular light field by using the Sagnac atomic interferometer based on the annular light field as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
loading the initial state cold atoms into the annular light field;
splitting atoms into two coherent superimposed atomic groups by utilizing pi/2 Raman pulse;
exchanging atomic internal states by pi Raman pulses;
utilizing pi/2 Raman pulse to coherently combine two beams of radicals to generate interference fringes;
and extracting the phase shift of the interference fringe, and acquiring the rotation speed according to the phase shift.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the loading of the initial cold atoms into the annular light field comprises:
cold atoms with initial states |1, -1> in the transparent vacuum chamber are loaded into the annular optical field.
5. The rotation speed measurement method according to claim 3, wherein the splitting of the atoms into two coherent superimposed state clusters using pi/2 raman pulses is specifically:
and (3) preparing atoms at the starting end of the annular light field into coherent superposition states of a state I1, -1 and a state I2, +1 by utilizing a pi/2 Raman pulse, and splitting into two bunches of atoms.
6. A method of measuring rotational speed according to claim 3, wherein the exchange of atomic internal states by pi raman pulses is specifically:
when two beams of atomic groups move to the other end opposite to the starting end of the annular light field, the internal states of atoms are exchanged by pi Raman pulses.
7. The rotation speed measurement method according to claim 3, wherein the interference fringes are generated by coherently combining two clusters using pi/2 raman pulses, specifically:
when the two clusters move back to the starting end of the annular light field, atoms in the state of |1, -1> and the state of |2, +1> are coherently combined by using a pi/2 Raman pulse to generate interference and generate interference fringes.
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