CN110441176A - The measurement method of the big thickness in metal surface, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness - Google Patents
The measurement method of the big thickness in metal surface, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness Download PDFInfo
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- CN110441176A CN110441176A CN201910739379.0A CN201910739379A CN110441176A CN 110441176 A CN110441176 A CN 110441176A CN 201910739379 A CN201910739379 A CN 201910739379A CN 110441176 A CN110441176 A CN 110441176A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
- G01N3/42—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by performing impressions under a steady load by indentors, e.g. sphere, pyramid
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of big thickness in metal surface, the measurement method of high-ductility hard film breaks toughness, this method comprises: the objective table that the ganoine thin film by vapor deposition in metal surface is placed in microhardness testers is adjusted and is fixed, then multiple load-guarantor's load-is successively carried out using side crops industry load test and unloads prefabricated short and small crackle completely, it extends using load-guarantor's load-unloading that big load load test carries out single and to form elongated crack, measure crack length numerical value and calculate fracture toughness KICNumerical value repeats the T & M, calculating process, obtains multiple fracture toughness KICArithmetic average is taken to characterize fracture toughness after numerical value.The present invention is repeatedly pressed into the germinating and extension that crackle is promoted with the method for big load load single indentation using side crops industry load, obtain effective crackle, realize the quantitative assessment to big thickness ganoine thin film fracture toughness, it solves the problems, such as to be difficult to induce effective crackle, improves the accuracy of fracture toughness result.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to material mechanical performance the field of test technology, and in particular to a kind of big thickness in metal surface, high tenacity
The measurement method of ganoine thin film fracture toughness.
Background technique
Ganoine thin film is widely used to knife mold and precision because having excellent mechanical performance and good physical and chemical performance
The surface peening of components.The obtained thickness of ganoine thin film that is vapor-deposited usually only has several microns, strongly limit its
Application under the extreme harsh and adverse circumstances such as nuclear power, aviation and deep-sea.But with the special plating such as super high power and multiple auxiliary
The exploitation of film device and technology with it is perfect, ganoine thin film achieves significant progress on thickness, for example, Sproul et al. utilize
Modulate the CrN and Cr of the preparation of pulsed magnetron sputtering device2N thin film thickness reaches 55 μm, and deposition rate is up to 10 μm/h；Wei etc.
People is prepared for TiSiCN, ZrSiCN and ZrN, CrN, TiN thick film by plasma enhancing magnetron sputtering technique, and thickness is even up to
80μm.Research for the big thickness ganoine thin film more than some tens of pm, initial stage is concentrated mainly on the realizing route of thickness, micro-
Structure evolution and mechanical property is rare is related to.
During deposition prepares ganoine thin film, with the increase of film layer film thickness, internal stress is gradually accumulated, and film cohesion is strong
Degree and fracture toughness substantially reduce.In practical application, by the ringing of alternating load, the poor film of toughness is easily opened
It splits, loses the protection to metallic matrix.The accurate measurement of film breaks toughness can be made in the military service behavior to plated film components in advance
To effectively estimating, to avoid the generation of accident.Currently, film breaks toughness measurement mostly uses Vickers indentation method, that is, use Vickers
Pressure head is pressed into film surface with certain load, and impression tip will crack because contact stress is excessively high, by measuring radial cracking
Length, and the fracture toughness of film can be calculated in conjunction with following formula:
In formula, KIC- fracture toughness/MPam1/2, δ-pressure head geometry dependent constant, E-thin flexible film modulus/
GPa, H-film hardness/GPa, P-load/N；C-crack length/m.
Musil et al. is pointed out, is also needed to meet crack length to the measurement of film breaks toughness and is greater than impression catercorner length,
Big thickness ganoine thin film higher for toughness is generally difficult to meet this condition.
The measurement of ganoine thin film fracture toughness is always the difficulties of academia and engineering circles concern on metallic matrix.Pressure
The maximum difficult point for entering method survey ganoine thin film fracture toughness is that thin-film material has a crack initiation threshold values, and any small
Can not all film be made to crack in the impression of the threshold values.It is influenced by ductile metal matrix, Rockwell pressure head and Vickers indenter are adopted
It is difficult to reach crack initiation threshold values with the mode that single is pressed into, is generally difficult to induce film peeling or mostly based on annular crack
Feature is wanted, therefore quantization signifying can not be given to film breaks toughness.Many researchers transfer ganoine thin film being deposited on monocrystalline silicon
It is studied on equal brittle matrixes, thus also brings very big deviation.For the ganoine thin film of tens of micrometers thick, though it can be certain
Interference of the plastic substrate to film peeling and peeling is avoided in degree, but still is unable to satisfy often critical needed for fracture toughness determines
Condition.
By the retrieval discovery to existing technical literature, thickness big for metal surface, high-ductility hard film are disconnected at present
The measurement method for splitting toughness is rarely reported, and there are no a kind of simply applicable methods for promoting and applying.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, providing, a kind of metal surface is big
The measurement method of thickness, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness.Using side crops industry load, repeatedly indentation and big load add this method
The method for carrying single indentation promotes the germinating and extension of crackle, to obtain effective crackle, realizes to big thickness hard
The quantitative assessment of film breaks toughness significantly reduces the threshold value of ganoine thin film cracking, solves load capability in conventional method
The problem of improper germinating and extension for being difficult to induce effective crackle, improve the accuracy of fracture toughness result.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: the big thickness in metal surface, high-ductility hard are thin
The measurement method of film fracture toughness, which is characterized in that method includes the following steps:
Step 1: the pressure head of microhardness testers is mounted on microhardness testers, then will be vapor-deposited in metal surface
Ganoine thin film be placed on the objective table of microhardness testers；It is described vapor deposition metal surface ganoine thin film with a thickness of 10
μm~30 μm；
Exist Step 2: adjusting the position of objective table until vapor deposition can be obviously observed from the eyepiece of microhardness testers
Then the surface topography of the ganoine thin film of metal surface fixes the position of objective table；
Step 3: the ganoine thin film to the vapor deposition being placed on objective table in step 2 in metal surface carries out side crops industry
Load test, detailed process are as follows: the ganoine thin film first, in accordance with predetermined load to vapor deposition in metal surface successively adds
It carries and protects and carry, then complete unloading, repeat the load, protect load and uninstall process, until being seen from the eyepiece of microhardness testers
There are fine cracks in the impression tip for observing pressure head；
Step 4: the ganoine thin film to the vapor deposition in step 3 after side crops industry load test in metal surface carries out
Big load load test, detailed process are as follows: according to predetermined load to the vapor deposition after side crops industry load test in metal watch
The ganoine thin film in face is successively loaded and is protected load, when the impression tip crackle for observing pressure head in the eyepiece from microhardness testers
Length is unloaded when being greater than impression catercorner length；
Step 5: by the measuring tool of microhardness testers controlling terminal in step 4 after big load load test
The impression tip crack length being vapor-deposited in the ganoine thin film of metal surface measures, and obtains crack length numerical value, so
Afterwards using the predetermined load of big load load test as load value, with crack length numerical value, vapor deposition in metal surface
The elasticity modulus and hardness values of ganoine thin film are brought into formula (1) and are calculated, and fracture toughness K is obtainedICNumerical value:
In formula (1), KIC- fracture toughness/MPam1/2, δ-pressure head geometry dependent constant, E-thin flexible film mould
Amount/GPa, H-film hardness/GPa, P-load/N；C-crack length/m；
The elasticity modulus and hardness are measured using nano-hardness tester；
Step 6: adjusting the position of objective table, by the X-axis and Y direction position adjusting rod of objective table to obtain newly
Then vapor deposition is repeated in step 3~step in the ganoine thin film surface test region of metal surface, fixed objective table
Five side crops industry load test, big load load test, crack length measurement and fracture toughness KICNumerical procedure obtains more
A fracture toughness KICNumerical value, all fracture toughness K that will be obtainedICNumerical value takes arithmetic average characterization vapor deposition in metal
The fracture toughness of the ganoine thin film on surface.
The present invention, which cracks the ganoine thin film for inducing gas phase and being deposited on metal surface, to be formed the process of crackle and is divided into two ranks
Section: the first stage carries out multiple load-guarantor using side crops industry load test and carries-unloading completely, so that pressure head is acted on hard thin
The pressure of film is more than crack initiation threshold value, with prefabricated short and small crackle；Since thin-film material has a crack initiation threshold value, appoint
What, which obtains impression all less than the threshold value, can not cause the cracking of film, and the critical load that fatigue rupture occurs for material is much smaller than single
Breaking load is loaded, when the first stage of the invention is repeatedly pressed into using side crops industry, deformation is concentrated mainly on inside ganoine thin film, is answered
Power can not be discharged by plastic deformation, therefore once reach the threshold value of crack initiation, and film will crack, and be generated short and small
Crackle, the present invention are carried-are unloaded completely the threshold value for greatly reducing conventional method induction film peeling using repeated loading-guarantor；Together
When, the generation of metallic matrix plastic deformation is effectively reduced using side crops industry load, so as to avoid the generation of circumferential crack；The
Two-stage carries out load-guarantor's load-unloading of single using big load load test, and pressure head, which acts on short and small crackle, makes it further
Extension forms elongated crack, makes that it is suitable for fracture toughness KICCalculation formula (1), realizes the quantization to film breaks toughness
Characterization；Measurement method of the invention overcomes conventional method load capability deficiency and load capability passes through metallic matrix plasticity
Deformation discharges, it is difficult to which the germinating and extension for inducing effective crackle can not obtain effective crack length and sentence for fracture toughness
Fixed disadvantage, avoids for ganoine thin film to be transferred to and carries out assessing caused error on brittle matrix, so that ganoine thin film
Fracture toughness result more accurate and effective.
The measurement method of the big thickness in above-mentioned metal surface, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness, which is characterized in that step
The pressure head of microhardness testers described in one is Vickers indenter or Bo Shi pressure head.Such indenter tip is more sharp, easily causes thin
The cracking of film is conducive to going on smoothly for measurement process, and commercialization degree is high, easy to spread.
The measurement method of the big thickness in above-mentioned metal surface, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness, which is characterized in that step
Parent metal material of the vapor deposition in the ganoine thin film of metal surface described in one is steel.Steel is current industrial circle application
Most wide material, ganoine thin film are also mainly used for steel matrix surface peening at present, improve steel as preferred material of the invention
General applicability of the invention.
The measurement method of the big thickness in above-mentioned metal surface, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness, which is characterized in that step
Ganoine thin film of the vapor deposition in the ganoine thin film of metal surface described in two be TiAlN thin film, TiAlN film, CrN film or
CrTiAlN film.Above-mentioned four kinds of preferred films are more typical ganoine thin films, have and have a wide range of application, performance covering scope
Big advantage, further expansion applicability of the invention.
The measurement method of the big thickness in above-mentioned metal surface, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness, which is characterized in that step
Predetermined load is 10g~300g in side crops industry load test described in three, the number for repeating the load, protecting load and uninstall process
It is 5~100 times.Above-mentioned predetermined load not only can avoid that load is too small can not effectively induce film peeling, but also be avoided that load is excessive
The generation that metallic matrix is largely plastically deformed is caused, measurement error is reduced；Number of repetition, which is selected in 5~100 times, can both meet
The testing requirement of film peeling is caused, and can effectively shorten test period, improves measurement efficiency.
The measurement method of the big thickness in above-mentioned metal surface, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness, which is characterized in that step
Predetermined load is 50g~500g in big load load test described in four, and predetermined load compares step in big load load test
The predetermined load of side crops industry load test described in three improves 50%~400%.Above-mentioned predetermined load and side crops industry load are surveyed
The numerical relation of predetermined load can effectively facilitate the extension of examination second stage crackle in examination, big load load test.
The measurement method of the big thickness in above-mentioned metal surface, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness, which is characterized in that step
The time that load is protected in big load load test described in side crops industry load test described in three and step 4 is 5s~60s.It should
Needed for the setting that guarantor carries the time not only can guarantee the energy of crack initiation and propagation, but also test period can be shortened, further improved
Measurement efficiency.
The measurement method of the big thickness in above-mentioned metal surface, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness, which is characterized in that step
Duplicate number described in six is greater than 3 times.Number of repetition is greater than survey caused by the accidentally defect of 3 avoidable ganoine thin film parts
Error is tried, the accuracy of measurement result is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention carries out multiple load-guarantor's load-using side crops industry load test and unloads prefabricated short and small crackle completely, so
It extends to form elongated crack using load-guarantor's load-unloading that big load load test carries out single afterwards, to effectively be split
Line realizes the quantitative assessment to big thickness ganoine thin film fracture toughness, significantly reduces the threshold value of ganoine thin film cracking, solves
In conventional method the problem of the load capability improper germinating and extension that are difficult to induce effective crackle, fracture toughness result is improved
Accuracy.
2, measurement method of the invention can be realized on existing commercialization microhardness testers, change without carrying out instrument and equipment
It makes, operating process is simple, has stronger generalization.
3, measurement method of the invention is simple, calculates and is easy, as a result accurately.
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail below by drawings and examples.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 a be the embodiment of the present invention 1 vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film after side crops industry load test
Vickers indentation figure.
Fig. 1 b be the embodiment of the present invention 1 vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film after big load load test
Vickers indentation figure.
Fig. 2 be comparative example 1 of the present invention vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film after single is pressed into load test
Vickers indentation figure.
Fig. 3 be comparative example 2 of the present invention vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film after single is pressed into load test
Vickers indentation figure.
Fig. 4 be comparative example 3 of the present invention vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film after single is pressed into load test
Vickers indentation figure.
Fig. 5 be comparative example 4 of the present invention vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film after single is pressed into load test
Vickers indentation figure.
Fig. 6 be comparative example 5 of the present invention vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film after single is pressed into load test
Vickers indentation figure.
Fig. 7 a be the embodiment of the present invention 2 vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film after side crops industry load test
Vickers indentation figure.
Fig. 7 b be the embodiment of the present invention 2 vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film after big load load test
Vickers indentation figure.
Fig. 8 be the embodiment of the present invention 3 vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel CrN film after big load load test
Vickers indentation figure.
Fig. 9 be the embodiment of the present invention 4 vapor deposition stainless steel surface TiAlN film after big load load test
Vickers indentation figure.
Figure 10 be the embodiment of the present invention 5 vapor deposition stainless steel surface CrTiAlN film through big load load test
Vickers indentation figure afterwards.
Figure 11 a be the embodiment of the present invention 6 vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film after side crops industry load test
Vickers indentation figure.
Figure 11 b be the embodiment of the present invention 6 vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film after big load load test
Vickers indentation figure.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The method of the present embodiment the following steps are included:
Step 1: Vickers indenter is mounted on microhardness testers, then by the TiN in M2 surface of high speed steel that is vapor-deposited
Film is placed on the objective table of microhardness testers；It is described vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film with a thickness of 25.6 μ
m；
Exist Step 2: adjusting the position of objective table until vapor deposition can be obviously observed from the eyepiece of microhardness testers
Then the surface topography of the TiAlN thin film of M2 surface of high speed steel fixes the position of objective table；
Step 3: small in the TiAlN thin film progress of M2 surface of high speed steel to the vapor deposition being placed in step 2 on objective table
Load load test, detailed process are as follows: first, in accordance with predetermined load to vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film successively
Load is loaded and is protected, then unloading completely, the repetition load, guarantor carries and uninstall process, until from the mesh of microhardness testers
Observe that fine cracks occurs in the impression tip of pressure head in mirror；Predetermined load is 300g in the side crops industry load test, protects and carries
Time be 10s, repeat it is described load, protect carry and uninstall process 20 times；
Step 4: to the vapor deposition in step 3 after side crops industry load test M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film
Carry out big load load test, detailed process are as follows: according to predetermined load to the vapor deposition after side crops industry load test in M2
The TiAlN thin film of surface of high speed steel is successively loaded and is protected load, when the impression for observing pressure head in the eyepiece from microhardness testers
Tip crack length is unloaded when being greater than impression catercorner length；Predetermined load is 500g in the big load load test,
Protecting the time carried is 10s；
Step 5: by the measuring tool of microhardness testers controlling terminal in step 4 after big load load test
The impression tip crack length being vapor-deposited in the TiAlN thin film of M2 surface of high speed steel measures, and obtains crack length numerical value,
Then using the predetermined load of big load load test as load value, with crack length numerical value, vapor deposition in M2 high-speed steel
The elasticity modulus and hardness values of the TiAlN thin film on surface are brought into formula (1) and are calculated, and fracture toughness K is obtainedICNumerical value:
In formula (1), KIC- fracture toughness/MPam1/2, δ-pressure head geometry dependent constant, E-thin flexible film mould
Amount/GPa, H-film hardness/GPa, P-load/N；C-crack length/m；
The elasticity modulus and hardness are measured using nano-hardness tester；
Step 6: adjusting the position of objective table, by the X-axis and Y direction position adjusting rod of objective table to obtain newly
Then vapor deposition is repeated in 4 step 3~steps in the ganoine thin film surface test region of metal surface, fixed objective table
Rapid five side crops industry load test, big load load test, crack length measurement and fracture toughness KICNumerical procedure obtains
5 fracture toughness KICNumerical value, to 5 obtained fracture toughness KICNumerical value takes arithmetic average, obtains being vapor-deposited in M2 high speed
The fracture toughness of the TiAlN thin film of steel surface is 2.8MPam0.5。
Fig. 1 a is TiAlN thin film impression through side crops industry load test after of the present embodiment vapor deposition in M2 surface of high speed steel
Shape appearance figure, can be seen that impression tip from Fig. 1 a can be observed short and small radial cracking, illustrate that side crops industry load test is effective
Induce film peeling.
Fig. 1 b is TiAlN thin film impression through big load load test after of the present embodiment vapor deposition in M2 surface of high speed steel
Shape appearance figure, can be seen that impression tip from Fig. 1 b from generated elongated radial cracking, meet fracture toughness determine needed for item
Part.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example the following steps are included:
Step 1: Vickers indenter is mounted on microhardness testers, then by the TiN in M2 surface of high speed steel that is vapor-deposited
Film is placed on the objective table of microhardness testers；It is described vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film with a thickness of 25.6 μ
m；
Exist Step 2: adjusting the position of objective table until vapor deposition can be obviously observed from the eyepiece of microhardness testers
Then the surface topography of the TiAlN thin film of M2 surface of high speed steel fixes the position of objective table；
Step 3: according to predetermined load to the vapor deposition being placed in step 2 on objective table in M2 surface of high speed steel
TiAlN thin film single is pressed into load test, is successively loaded, protects load and completely unloading, then from the eyepiece of microhardness testers
Observe the impression situation of pressure head；The predetermined load of the single indentation load test is 50g, and the time for protecting load is 10s.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example and comparative example 1 the difference is that: the predetermined load that single is pressed into load test is 100g.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example and comparative example 1 the difference is that: the predetermined load that single is pressed into load test is 200g.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example and comparative example 1 the difference is that: the predetermined load that single is pressed into load test is 300g.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example and comparative example 1 the difference is that: the predetermined load that single is pressed into load test is 500g.
Fig. 2~Fig. 6 is that the vapor deposition of 1~comparative example of comparative example 5 of the present invention is passed through in the TiAlN thin film of M2 surface of high speed steel respectively
Single is pressed into the vickers indentation figure after load test, can be seen that from Fig. 2~Fig. 6 and does not observe crackle at impression tip,
Illustrate thickness big for metallic matrix, only voucher time indentation can not form observability crackle to the ganoine thin film of high tenacity, therefore
It can not traditionally test method be measured by fracture toughness of the crack length to film.
Embodiment 2
The method of the present embodiment the following steps are included:
Step 1: Vickers indenter is mounted on microhardness testers, then by the TiN in M2 surface of high speed steel that is vapor-deposited
Film is placed on the objective table of microhardness testers；It is described vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film with a thickness of 25.6 μ
m；
Exist Step 2: adjusting the position of objective table until vapor deposition can be obviously observed from the eyepiece of microhardness testers
Then the surface topography of the TiAlN thin film of M2 surface of high speed steel fixes the position of objective table；
Step 3: small in the TiAlN thin film progress of M2 surface of high speed steel to the vapor deposition being placed in step 2 on objective table
Load load test, detailed process are as follows: first, in accordance with predetermined load to vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film successively
Load is loaded and is protected, then unloading completely, the repetition load, guarantor carries and uninstall process, until from the mesh of microhardness testers
Observe that fine cracks occurs in the impression tip of pressure head in mirror；Predetermined load is 200g in the side crops industry load test, protects and carries
Time be 30s, repeat it is described load, protect carry and uninstall process number be 10 times；
Step 4: to the vapor deposition in step 3 after side crops industry load test M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film
Carry out big load load test, detailed process are as follows: according to predetermined load to the vapor deposition after side crops industry load test in M2
The TiAlN thin film of surface of high speed steel is successively loaded and is protected load, when the impression for observing pressure head in the eyepiece from microhardness testers
Tip crack length is unloaded when being greater than impression catercorner length；Predetermined load is 300g in the big load load test,
Protecting the time carried is 20s；
Step 5: by the measuring tool of microhardness testers controlling terminal in step 4 after big load load test
The impression tip crack length being vapor-deposited in the TiAlN thin film of M2 surface of high speed steel measures, and obtains crack length numerical value,
Then using the predetermined load of big load load test as load value, with crack length numerical value, vapor deposition in M2 high-speed steel
The elasticity modulus and hardness values of the TiAlN thin film on surface are brought into formula (1) and are calculated, and fracture toughness K is obtainedICNumerical value:
In formula (1), KIC- fracture toughness/MPam1/2, δ-pressure head geometry dependent constant, E-thin flexible film mould
Amount/GPa, H-film hardness/GPa, P-load/N；C-crack length/m；
The elasticity modulus and hardness are measured using nano-hardness tester；
Step 6: adjusting the position of objective table, by the X-axis and Y direction position adjusting rod of objective table to obtain newly
Vapor deposition is in the ganoine thin film surface test region of metal surface, fixed objective table, then successively 4 repetition step 3~steps
Rapid five side crops industry load test, big load load test, crack length measurement and fracture toughness KICNumerical procedure obtains
5 fracture toughness KICNumerical value, to 5 obtained fracture toughness KICNumerical value takes arithmetic average, obtains being vapor-deposited in M2 high speed
The fracture toughness of the TiAlN thin film of steel surface is 2.5MPam0.5。
The present embodiment and embodiment 1 to the vapor deposition with a thickness of 25.6 μm M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film
Fracture toughness measures, and the measurement result of two embodiments is closer to as the result is shown, illustrates the accurate of the method for the present invention
It spends higher.
Fig. 7 a is TiAlN thin film impression through side crops industry load test after of the present embodiment vapor deposition in M2 surface of high speed steel
Shape appearance figure, can be seen that impression tip from Fig. 7 a can be observed short and small radial cracking, illustrate that side crops industry load test is effective
Induce film peeling.
Fig. 7 b is TiAlN thin film impression through big load load test after of the present embodiment vapor deposition in M2 surface of high speed steel
Shape appearance figure, can be seen that impression tip from Fig. 7 b from generated elongated radial cracking, meet fracture toughness determine needed for item
Part.
Embodiment 3
The method of the present embodiment the following steps are included:
Step 1: Vickers indenter is mounted on microhardness testers, then by the CrN in M2 surface of high speed steel that is vapor-deposited
Film is placed on the objective table of microhardness testers；It is described vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel CrN film with a thickness of 15.5 μ
m；
Exist Step 2: adjusting the position of objective table until vapor deposition can be obviously observed from the eyepiece of microhardness testers
Then the surface topography of the CrN film of M2 surface of high speed steel fixes the position of objective table；
Step 3: small in the CrN film progress of M2 surface of high speed steel to the vapor deposition being placed in step 2 on objective table
Load load test, detailed process are as follows: first, in accordance with predetermined load to vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel CrN film successively
Load is loaded and is protected, then unloading completely, the repetition load, guarantor carries and uninstall process, until from the mesh of microhardness testers
Observe that fine cracks occurs in the impression tip of pressure head in mirror；Predetermined load is 100g in the side crops industry load test, protects and carries
Time be 5s, repeat it is described load, protect carry and uninstall process number be 5 times；
Step 4: to the vapor deposition in step 3 after side crops industry load test M2 surface of high speed steel CrN film
Carry out big load load test, detailed process are as follows: according to predetermined load to the vapor deposition after side crops industry load test in M2
The CrN film of surface of high speed steel is successively loaded and is protected load, when the impression for observing pressure head in the eyepiece from microhardness testers
Tip crack length is unloaded when being greater than impression catercorner length；Predetermined load is 300g in the big load load test,
Protecting the time carried is 15s；
Step 5: by the measuring tool of microhardness testers controlling terminal in step 4 after big load load test
The impression tip crack length being vapor-deposited in the CrN film of M2 surface of high speed steel measures, and obtains crack length numerical value,
Then using the predetermined load of big load load test as load value, with crack length numerical value, vapor deposition in M2 high-speed steel
The elasticity modulus and hardness values of the CrN film on surface, which are brought into formula (1), to be calculated, and fracture toughness K is obtainedICNumerical value:
In formula (1), KIC- fracture toughness/MPam1/2, δ-pressure head geometry dependent constant, E-thin flexible film mould
Amount/GPa, H-film hardness/GPa, P-load/N；C-crack length/m；
The elasticity modulus and hardness are measured using nano-hardness tester；
Step 6: adjusting the position of objective table, by the X-axis and Y direction position adjusting rod of objective table to obtain newly
Then vapor deposition is repeated in 5 step 3~steps in the ganoine thin film surface test region of metal surface, fixed objective table
Rapid five side crops industry load test, big load load test, crack length measurement and fracture toughness KICNumerical procedure obtains
6 fracture toughness KICNumerical value, to 6 obtained fracture toughness KICNumerical value seeks arithmetic average, obtains being vapor-deposited in M2 high speed
The fracture toughness of the CrN film of steel surface is 3.3MPam0.5。
Fig. 8 is CrN film impression through big load load test after of the present embodiment vapor deposition in M2 surface of high speed steel
Shape appearance figure meets condition needed for fracture toughness determines from figure 8, it is seen that having generated elongated radial cracking at impression tip.
Embodiment 4
The method of the present embodiment the following steps are included:
Step 1: Vickers indenter is mounted on microhardness testers, then by the TiAlN in stainless steel surface that is vapor-deposited
Film is placed on the objective table of microhardness testers；It is described vapor deposition stainless steel surface TiAlN film with a thickness of 10.2 μ
m；
Exist Step 2: adjusting the position of objective table until vapor deposition can be obviously observed from the eyepiece of microhardness testers
Then the surface topography of the TiAlN film of stainless steel surface fixes the position of objective table；
Step 3: small in the TiAlN film progress of stainless steel surface to the vapor deposition being placed in step 2 on objective table
Load load test, detailed process are as follows: first, in accordance with predetermined load to vapor deposition stainless steel surface TiAlN film successively
Load is loaded and is protected, then unloading completely, the repetition load, guarantor carries and uninstall process, until from the mesh of microhardness testers
Observe that fine cracks occurs in the impression tip of pressure head in mirror；Predetermined load is 50g in the side crops industry load test, protects load
Time is 60s, repeats the load, protects the number of load and uninstall process to be 100 times；
Step 4: to the vapor deposition in step 3 after side crops industry load test stainless steel surface TiAlN film
Carry out big load load test, detailed process are as follows: according to predetermined load to the vapor deposition after side crops industry load test not
The TiAlN film of rust steel surface is successively loaded and is protected load, when the impression for observing pressure head in the eyepiece from microhardness testers
Tip crack length is unloaded when being greater than impression catercorner length；Predetermined load is 200g in the big load load test,
Protecting the time carried is 20s；
Step 5: by the measuring tool of microhardness testers controlling terminal in step 4 after big load load test
The impression tip crack length being vapor-deposited in the TiAlN film of stainless steel surface measures, and obtains crack length numerical value,
Then using the predetermined load of big load load test as load value, with crack length numerical value, vapor deposition in stainless steel watch
The elasticity modulus and hardness values of the TiAlN film in face, which are brought into formula (1), to be calculated, and fracture toughness K is obtainedICNumerical value:
In formula (1), KIC- fracture toughness/MPam1/2, δ-pressure head geometry dependent constant, E-thin flexible film mould
Amount/GPa, H-film hardness/GPa, P-load/N；C-crack length/m；
The elasticity modulus and hardness are measured using nano-hardness tester；
Step 6: adjusting the position of objective table, by the X-axis and Y direction position adjusting rod of objective table to obtain newly
Then vapor deposition is repeated in 6 step 3~steps in the ganoine thin film surface test region of metal surface, fixed objective table
Rapid five side crops industry load test, big load load test, crack length measurement and fracture toughness KICNumerical procedure obtains
7 fracture toughness KICNumerical value, to 7 obtained fracture toughness KICNumerical value takes arithmetic average, obtains being vapor-deposited in stainless steel
The fracture toughness of the TiAlN film on surface is 2.9MPam0.5。
Fig. 9 is TiAlN film impression through big load load test after of the present embodiment vapor deposition in stainless steel surface
Shape appearance figure meets condition needed for fracture toughness determines from fig. 9, it can be seen that having generated elongated radial cracking at impression tip.
Embodiment 5
The method of the present embodiment the following steps are included:
Step 1: Vickers indenter is mounted on microhardness testers, then will be vapor-deposited in stainless steel surface
CrTiAlN film is placed on the objective table of microhardness testers；The thickness of CrTiAlN film of the vapor deposition in stainless steel surface
Degree is 29.2 μm；
Exist Step 2: adjusting the position of objective table until vapor deposition can be obviously observed from the eyepiece of microhardness testers
Then the surface topography of the CrTiAlN film of stainless steel surface fixes the position of objective table；
Step 3: the CrTiAlN film to the vapor deposition being placed on objective table in step 2 in stainless steel surface carries out
Side crops industry load test, detailed process are as follows: first, in accordance with predetermined load to the CrTiAlN film being vapor-deposited in stainless steel surface
Load is successively loaded and is protected, then unloading completely, the repetition load, guarantor carries and uninstall process, until from microhardness testers
Eyepiece in observe that fine cracks occurs in the impression tip of pressure head；Predetermined load is 10g in the side crops industry load test, is protected
The time of load is 30s, repeats the load, guarantor carries and the number of uninstall process is 50 times；
Step 4: thin in the CrTiAlN of stainless steel surface to the vapor deposition in step 3 after side crops industry load test
Film carries out big load load test, detailed process are as follows: exist according to predetermined load to the vapor deposition after side crops industry load test
The CrTiAlN film of stainless steel surface is successively loaded and is protected load, when observing pressure head in the eyepiece from microhardness testers
Impression tip crack length is unloaded when being greater than impression catercorner length；Predetermined load is in the big load load test
50g, the time for protecting load is 60s；
Step 5: by the measuring tool of microhardness testers controlling terminal in step 4 after big load load test
The impression tip crack length being vapor-deposited in the CrTiAlN film of stainless steel surface measures, and obtains crack length number
Value, then using the predetermined load of big load load test as load value, with crack length numerical value, vapor deposition in stainless steel
The elasticity modulus and hardness values of the CrTiAlN film on surface, which are brought into formula (1), to be calculated, and fracture toughness K is obtainedICNumber
Value:
In formula (1), KIC- fracture toughness/MPam1/2, δ-pressure head geometry dependent constant, E-thin flexible film mould
Amount/GPa, H-film hardness/GPa, P-load/N；C-crack length/m；
The elasticity modulus and hardness are measured using nano-hardness tester；
Step 6: adjusting the position of objective table, by the X-axis and Y direction position adjusting rod of objective table to obtain newly
Vapor deposition is in the ganoine thin film surface test region of metal surface, fixed objective table, be then repeated in 10 step 3~
Side crops industry load test, big load load test, crack length measurement and the fracture toughness K of step 5ICNumerical procedure obtains
To 11 fracture toughness KICNumerical value, to 11 obtained fracture toughness KICNumerical value takes arithmetic average, obtains being vapor-deposited in M2
The fracture toughness of the CrTiAlN film of surface of high speed steel is 3.7MPam0.5。
Figure 10 is CrTiAlN film pressure through big load load test after of the present embodiment vapor deposition in stainless steel surface
Trace shape appearance figure meets item needed for fracture toughness determines from fig. 10 it can be seen that having generated elongated radial cracking at impression tip
Part.
Embodiment 6
The method of the present embodiment the following steps are included:
Step 1: Bo Shi pressure head is mounted on microhardness testers, then by the TiN in M2 surface of high speed steel that is vapor-deposited
Film is placed on the objective table of microhardness testers；It is described vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film with a thickness of 25.6 μ
m；
Exist Step 2: adjusting the position of objective table until vapor deposition can be obviously observed from the eyepiece of microhardness testers
Then the surface topography of the TiAlN thin film of M2 surface of high speed steel fixes the position of objective table；
Step 3: small in the TiAlN thin film progress of M2 surface of high speed steel to the vapor deposition being placed in step 2 on objective table
Load load test, detailed process are as follows: first, in accordance with predetermined load to vapor deposition M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film successively
Load is loaded and is protected, then unloading completely, the repetition load, guarantor carries and uninstall process, until from the mesh of microhardness testers
Observe that fine cracks occurs in the impression tip of pressure head in mirror；Predetermined load is 200g in the side crops industry load test, protects and carries
Time be 30s, repeat it is described load, protect carry and uninstall process number be 20 times；
Step 4: to the vapor deposition in step 3 after side crops industry load test M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film
Carry out big load load test, detailed process are as follows: according to predetermined load to the vapor deposition after side crops industry load test in M2
The TiAlN thin film of surface of high speed steel is successively loaded and is protected load, when the impression for observing pressure head in the eyepiece from microhardness testers
Tip crack length is unloaded when being greater than impression catercorner length；Predetermined load is 300g in the big load load test,
Protecting the time carried is 5s；
Step 5: by the measuring tool of microhardness testers controlling terminal in step 4 after big load load test
The impression tip crack length being vapor-deposited in the TiAlN thin film of M2 surface of high speed steel measures, and obtains crack length numerical value,
Then using the predetermined load of big load load test as load value, with crack length numerical value, vapor deposition in M2 high-speed steel
The elasticity modulus and hardness values of the TiAlN thin film on surface are brought into formula (1) and are calculated, and fracture toughness K is obtainedICNumerical value:
In formula (1), KIC- fracture toughness/MPam1/2, δ-pressure head geometry dependent constant, E-thin flexible film mould
Amount/GPa, H-film hardness/GPa, P-load/N；C-crack length/m；
The elasticity modulus and hardness are measured using nano-hardness tester；
Step 6: adjusting the position of objective table, by the X-axis and Y direction position adjusting rod of objective table to obtain newly
Then vapor deposition is repeated in 4 step 3~steps in the ganoine thin film surface test region of metal surface, fixed objective table
Rapid five side crops industry load test, big load load test, crack length measurement and fracture toughness KICNumerical procedure obtains
5 fracture toughness KICNumerical value, to 5 obtained fracture toughness KICNumerical value takes arithmetic average, obtains being vapor-deposited in M2 high speed
The fracture toughness of the TiAlN thin film of steel surface is 2.7MPam0.5。
The present embodiment and Examples 1 to 2 to the vapor deposition with a thickness of 25.6 μm M2 surface of high speed steel TiAlN thin film
Fracture toughness measure, the measurement result of three embodiments is closer to as the result is shown, illustrates the essence of the method for the present invention
Exactness is higher.
Figure 11 a is TiAlN thin film pressure through side crops industry load test after of the present embodiment vapor deposition in M2 surface of high speed steel
Trace shape appearance figure, can be seen that impression tip from Figure 11 a can be observed short and small radial cracking, illustrate side crops industry load test
Effectively induce film peeling.
Figure 11 b is TiAlN thin film pressure through big load load test after of the present embodiment vapor deposition in M2 surface of high speed steel
Trace shape appearance figure, can be seen that impression tip from Figure 11 b from generated elongated radial cracking, meet fracture toughness determine needed for
Condition.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention in any way.It is all according to invention skill
Art any simple modification, change and equivalence change substantially to the above embodiments, still fall within technical solution of the present invention
Protection scope in.
Claims (8)
1. the measurement method of the big thickness in metal surface, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness, which is characterized in that this method include with
Lower step:
Step 1: the pressure head of microhardness testers is mounted on microhardness testers, then will be vapor-deposited in the hard of metal surface
Matter film is placed on the objective table of microhardness testers；It is described vapor deposition metal surface ganoine thin film with a thickness of 10 μm~
30μm；
Step 2: adjusting the position of objective table until vapor deposition can be obviously observed from the eyepiece of microhardness testers in metal
Then the surface topography of the ganoine thin film on surface fixes the position of objective table；
Step 3: the ganoine thin film to the vapor deposition being placed on objective table in step 2 in metal surface carries out side crops industry load
Test, detailed process are as follows: first, in accordance with predetermined load to vapor deposition metal surface ganoine thin film successively carry out load and
It protects and carries, then complete unloading, repeat the load, protect load and uninstall process, until being observed from the eyepiece of microhardness testers
There are fine cracks in the impression tip of pressure head；
Step 4: the ganoine thin film to the vapor deposition in step 3 after side crops industry load test in metal surface is carried greatly
Lotus load test, detailed process are as follows: according to predetermined load to the vapor deposition after side crops industry load test in metal surface
Ganoine thin film is successively loaded and is protected load, when the impression tip crack length for observing pressure head in the eyepiece from microhardness testers
It is unloaded when greater than impression catercorner length；
Step 5: by the measuring tool of microhardness testers controlling terminal to the gas phase in step 4 after big load load test
The impression tip crack length being deposited in the ganoine thin film of metal surface measures, and obtains crack length numerical value, then will
The predetermined load of big load load test as load value, with crack length numerical value, vapor deposition metal surface hard
The elasticity modulus and hardness values of film are brought into formula (1) and are calculated, and fracture toughness K is obtainedICNumerical value:
In formula (1), KIC- fracture toughness/MPam1/2, δ-pressure head geometry dependent constant, E-thin flexible film modulus/
GPa, H-film hardness/GPa, P-load/N；C-crack length/m；
The elasticity modulus and hardness are measured using nano-hardness tester；
Step 6: adjusting the position of objective table, by the X-axis and Y direction position adjusting rod of objective table to obtain new gas phase
It is deposited on the ganoine thin film surface test region of metal surface, then fixed objective table is repeated in step 3~step 5
Side crops industry load test, big load load test, crack length measurement and fracture toughness KICNumerical procedure obtains multiple disconnected
Split toughness KICNumerical value, all fracture toughness K that will be obtainedICNumerical value takes arithmetic average characterization vapor deposition in metal surface
Ganoine thin film fracture toughness.
2. the measurement method of the big thickness in metal surface according to claim 1, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness, special
Sign is that the pressure head of microhardness testers described in step 1 is Vickers indenter or Bo Shi pressure head.
3. the measurement method of the big thickness in metal surface according to claim 1, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness, special
Sign is that parent metal material of the vapor deposition in the ganoine thin film of metal surface described in step 1 is steel.
4. the measurement method of the big thickness in metal surface according to claim 1, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness, special
Sign is that ganoine thin film of the vapor deposition in the ganoine thin film of metal surface described in step 2 is TiAlN thin film, TiAlN is thin
Film, CrN film or CrTiAlN film.
5. the measurement method of the big thickness in metal surface according to claim 1, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness, special
Sign is that predetermined load is 10g~300g in side crops industry load test described in step 3, repeats the load, protects load and unload
The number of load process is 5~100 times.
6. the measurement method of the big thickness in metal surface according to claim 1, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness, special
Sign is that predetermined load is 50g~500g in big load load test described in step 4, and is preset in big load load test
The predetermined load of side crops industry load test described in load ratio step 3 improves 50%~400%.
7. the measurement method of the big thickness in metal surface according to claim 1, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness, special
Sign is, the time that load is protected in big load load test described in side crops industry load test described in step 3 and step 4 is
5s~60s.
8. the measurement method of the big thickness in metal surface according to claim 1, high-ductility hard film breaks toughness, special
Sign is that duplicate number described in step 6 is greater than 3 times.
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