CN110438179B - Method for preparing gamma-decalactone by using kitchen waste grease - Google Patents

Method for preparing gamma-decalactone by using kitchen waste grease Download PDF

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CN110438179B
CN110438179B CN201910489054.1A CN201910489054A CN110438179B CN 110438179 B CN110438179 B CN 110438179B CN 201910489054 A CN201910489054 A CN 201910489054A CN 110438179 B CN110438179 B CN 110438179B
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lipolytica
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yarrowia lipolytica
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朱廷恒
王荣霞
汪琨
王渭霞
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing gamma-decalactone by utilizing kitchen waste grease, which comprises the steps of mixing yarrowia lipolytica suspension and candida lipolytica suspension, inoculating the mixed suspension into a fermentation medium containing the kitchen waste grease, and culturing for 20-24 hours at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ to obtain fermentation liquor containing yarrowia lipolytica and candida lipolytica; inoculating the fermentation liquor into a GDL conversion culture medium containing 60-80g/L ricinoleic acid or castor oil in an inoculation amount of 10% of volume concentration, performing shake culture at 28 ℃ for 72h, and performing GDL conversion production to obtain gamma-decalactone; according to the invention, kitchen waste oil is used as part of carbon source, yeast strains are successfully cultured, and GDL conversion production is carried out. The culture medium and the mixed fermentation method have the advantages that the cost is reduced, waste is changed into valuable, GDL with high added value is produced, resource utilization is carried out on the kitchen waste grease, and obvious economic and environmental benefits are achieved.

Description

Method for preparing gamma-decalactone by using kitchen waste grease
(I) technical field
The invention relates to a method for preparing food-grade natural flavor gamma-decalactone by replacing partial carbon source in complete culture medium with kitchen waste oil and fat, culturing with yeast mixed bacteria with strong oil and fat decomposing capability and fully utilizing oil and fat to obtain yarrowia lipolytica containing more biomass, and converting ricinoleic acid by using the yarrowia lipolytica.
(II) background of the invention
Gamma-decalactone (GDL) is a lactone spice naturally existing in fruits such as strawberries, peaches and the like, has a low aroma threshold value, is an internationally recognized safe food additive, is widely used for blending spices such as coconuts, strawberries, peaches and the like, is widely applied to margarine, ice cream, soft drinks, candies, baked foods and seasonings, and has very large market demand. With the increasing consumption of savoury foods, beverages and the like, the demand for natural food flavor additives has increased.
In the past, GDL was mainly extracted from natural organisms such as plants and fruits or synthesized by chemical methods, and as the demand of consumers for natural products increases, the production of GDL by using biological fermentation and transformation techniques has been started. GDL produced by biological method is closer to natural plant components and is highly regarded. Microbiological methods are the most promising method for producing safer, highly bioactive flavor compounds and their complexes. The biological conversion of GDL is to use fatty acid and fatty acid ester as substrate and to use microbe to make fermentation conversion production. The microorganism strains include Yarrowia lipolytica (Yarrowia lipolytica), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), etc., of which Yarrowia lipolytica is the most predominant strain producing GDL.
The amount of waste kitchen grease in China is very large, and the waste kitchen grease can become swill oil and waste oil if not treated and utilized, and is extremely harmful. Therefore, it is an important solution to develop such waste resources and to realize a valuable utilization. The conversion processing of the waste oil by using microorganisms to generate raw materials, natural products and the like with high economic value is a feasible way.
The microorganism contains abundant enzymes for decomposing fat substances such as oil and fat, and can perform biocatalytic conversion on oil and fat substance substrates. Currently reported GDL produced by yarrowia lipolytica utilizes complete culture medium, contains yeast extract, peptone, glucose and the like, and has high cost of industrial production. If the GDL production can be carried out after the yarrowia lipolytica is obtained by using the cheap lipid substances as the substrate carbon source for culture, the industrial production cost can be obviously reduced. It is known that yarrowia lipolytica (also known as candida lipolytica) can secrete a large amount of lipase and esterase, can decompose and utilize lipid substances for growth, but different strains of yarrowia lipolytica have great difference in enzyme production activity and GDL yield, and if the yarrowia lipolytica is cultured by using kitchen waste oil as a culture medium component and transformed to produce GDL, the method is an economic and environment-friendly method, is an approach with great production and application potential, and has no related report so far.
The kitchen waste oil is added to replace part of carbon sources and nutrient components in a culture medium, and the waste oil is degraded by mixed fermentation of yarrowia lipolytica (CICC 32187) and candida lipolytica (CICC 31223) to obtain a certain biomass yeast mainly containing yarrowia lipolytica, and then GDL conversion production is carried out.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing gamma-decalactone by utilizing kitchen waste oil, which utilizes the kitchen waste oil to replace part of carbon sources in a complete culture medium, reduces the content of glucose and the content of yeast extract, fully utilizes mixed fermentation of yarrowia lipolytica and candida lipolytica to obtain yarrowia lipolytica with more biomass and converts ricinoleic acid into GDL.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for preparing gamma-decalactone by utilizing kitchen waste grease, which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the yarrowia lipolytica suspension and the candida lipolytica suspension to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid; inoculating the mixed bacterial liquid into a fermentation medium containing kitchen waste oil in an inoculation amount of 10% in volume concentration, and culturing at 28-30 ℃ for 20-24 h to obtain fermentation liquor containing yarrowia lipolytica and candida lipolytica; the fermentation culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.25% of glucose, 2% of peptone, 0.5% of yeast powder, 0.3-0.6% (preferably 0.6%) of kitchen waste oil and fat, 1% of tween-80, deionized water as a solvent, and natural pH value; (2) inoculating the fermentation liquor into a GDL conversion culture medium containing 60-80g/L ricinoleic acid or castor oil in an inoculation amount of 10% of volume concentration, performing shaking culture (200r/min) at 28 ℃ for 72h, performing GDL conversion production, and separating and purifying conversion liquor to obtain gamma-decalactone; the GDL transformation culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6-4% of kitchen waste oil, tween-801% and KH2PO4 0.055%,Na2HPO40.031%, anhydrous MgSO40.016% and deionized water as solvent, and natural pH.
Further, the OD of the yarrowia lipolytica suspension and the Candida lipolytica suspension600The values are both 0.1, and the mixed bacterial liquid is prepared by mixing yarrowia lipolytica suspension and candida lipolytica suspension according to the volume ratio of 1: 10.
Further, the Yarrowia lipolytica is preferably Yarrowia lipolytica (CICC 32187), and the Candida lipolytica is preferably Candida lipolytica (Candida lipolytica) CICC 31223.
Further, the preparation method of the yarrowia lipolytica suspension comprises the following steps: (1) activation culture: inoculating yarrowia lipolytica to YPD culture medium, culturing at 28 deg.C for 2 days for activation to obtain activated single colony; the YPD culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of glucose, 2% of peptone, 1% of yeast powder, 2% of agar and deionized water as a solvent, wherein the pH value is natural;
(2) seed culture: selecting activated single colonies (preferably 3-5 colonies) and inoculating the single colonies in a 500mL conical flask filled with 300mL of seed culture medium under aseptic conditions, and carrying out shake cultivation at 28-30 ℃ and 150rpm for 1 day to obtain yarrowia lipolytica seed solution; adjusting seed liquid OD with sterile water600The value is 1, namely the yarrowia lipolytica suspension is obtained; the seed culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2% of glucose, 2% of peptone, 1% of yeast powder and deionized water as a solvent, and the pH value is natural. The preparation of the candida lipolytica suspension is the same as that of the yarrowia lipolytica suspension.
Further, the kitchen waste oil is prepared by the following method: the kitchen waste grease can be grease obtained after oil-water separation in a kitchen waste collection treatment station or kitchen waste grease obtained by other ways, and can also be prepared by self. The specific preparation method adopts a damp-heat treatment and centrifugal separation method: removing impurities such as bones, disposable chopsticks, plastic bags, napkin and the like from the kitchen waste, placing the kitchen waste containing grease in a container such as a beaker, heating in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 30min, performing centrifugal separation at 2500r/min, and collecting the upper-layer waste grease, namely the kitchen waste grease.
Further, the method can be used for preparing a novel materialThe method for separating and purifying the gamma-decalactone sample in the conversion solution comprises the following steps: taking the fermentation liquor, centrifuging at 8000rpm/min for 10min, transferring the supernatant to a separating funnel, and mixing the supernatant with the fermentation liquor according to the volume ratio of 1:1 adding ethyl acetate, shaking, mixing, standing at room temperature for 10min, and collecting the upper organic phase with anhydrous Na2SO4Dehydrating (0.2g/mL), filtering to obtain GDL sample, and performing gas phase detection, or performing supercritical carbon dioxide extraction if large amount of GDL is required (Suchang. gamma-decalactone extraction research of supercritical carbon dioxide. 2006, proceedings of Chinese perfume and essence academy 2006: 3).
According to the invention, through screening tests on different yeasts, yeast strains with high GDL yield and high fat decomposition capability are respectively screened, wherein the Candida lipolytica (CICC 31223) has high capability of decomposing grease, and yarrowia lipolytica (CICC 32187) has high GDL yield, and the GDL yield is improved after the strains are further cultured and domesticated for multiple times.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) GDL is currently produced by fermentative conversion, with the composition of the fermentation medium being complete medium (Braga A, Belo I.Process of γ -decalactone by Yarrowia lipolytica: instruments in experimental conditions and operating mode optimization [ J ]. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology,2015,90(3): 559-565) and having the composition: 2% of glucose, 2% of peptone and 1% of yeast powder, and the cost of the culture medium is high. The invention uses kitchen waste grease to replace partial glucose and yeast powder, and the culture medium comprises: 1.25% of glucose, 2% of peptone, 0.5% of yeast powder and 0.3-0.6% of kitchen waste oil; the production cost is saved.
2) The Candida lipolytica (CICC 31223) and yarrowia lipolytica (CICC 32187) were mixed cultured.
In conclusion, the invention successfully cultures the yeast strain and carries out GDL conversion production by using the kitchen waste oil as a part of carbon source. The culture medium and the mixed fermentation method have the advantages that the cost is reduced, waste is changed into valuable, GDL with high added value is produced, resource utilization is carried out on the kitchen waste grease, and obvious economic and environmental benefits are achieved. The main problem of the microbial transformation method for producing natural GDL is to reduce the cost of industrial production. The method can be carried out by developing cheap microbial fermentation raw materials, modifying strains, improving fermentation and conversion processes and the like, and has great industrial application prospect.
(IV) description of the drawings
Figure 1 capability of yarrowia lipolytica and candida lipolytica to break down esters, y.lipolytica, yarrowia lipolytica cic 32187; c lipolytica, Candida lipolytica CICC 31223.
FIG. 2 GDL production assay by yarrowia lipolytica and Candida lipolytica.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto:
the Yarrowia lipolytica (Yarrowia lipolytica) CICC32187 of the invention is purchased from China center for Industrial microbial cultures preservation, and the strain preservation number is CICC 32187. Candida lipolytica (Candida lipolytica) CICC31223, available from China center for Industrial microorganisms Collection, accession number CICC 31223.
The kitchen waste grease in the embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following method: the kitchen waste grease is derived from kitchen waste and is prepared by adopting a damp-heat treatment and centrifugal separation method: removing impurities such as bones, disposable chopsticks, plastic bags, napkin paper and the like from the kitchen waste, placing the kitchen waste containing grease in a beaker, heating in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 30min, carrying out centrifugal separation at 2500r/min, and collecting the upper-layer waste grease, namely the kitchen waste grease.
Example 1 measurement of oil degradation and GDL production by two yeasts
1. The ability of different yeast strains to degrade esters was determined.
Esters and lactones react with hydroxylamine under alkaline conditions to form hydroxamic acids which complex with Fe under acidic conditions to form a purple-red complex at OD506And nm has absorption.
Through screening and verification of various strains, Yarrowia lipolytica (Yarrowia lipolytica) CICC32187 and Candida lipolytica (C) are finally picked respectivelyCandida lipolytica) CICC31223 single colonies were inoculated in 5mL YPD liquid medium and cultured overnight at 28 ℃ with shaking (200 r/min); transferring into YPD liquid culture medium 30mL with volume concentration of 10%, culturing at 28 deg.C under shaking (200r/min) for 12 hr and 6000 r/min, centrifuging for 3min, washing thallus precipitate with sorbitol buffer solution for 2 times, and adjusting thallus concentration to OD600The bacterial suspension with the nm value of 1 is inoculated into 60mL/500mL of transformation medium containing 60g/L of castor oil in the inoculation amount of 8% (v/v). Performing shaking culture at 28 ℃ and 200r/min, taking 500 mu L of fermentation liquor every 12h, 6000 r/min, centrifuging for 3min, taking 1mL of supernatant, diluting to 1.5mL by deionized water, taking the supernatant as a sample to be detected, and measuring the ester content, wherein the thallus precipitate is used for measuring the biomass.
And (3) measuring the ester content: adding 1mL of 0.5mol/L hydroxylamine hydrochloride ethanol into a test tube, adding 300 mu L of 6mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and adding 1.5mL of a sample to be tested; violently shaking for 100s, and adding 500 mu L of 4mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution; when the solution becomes clear, 150 mu L of 5% (w/v) ferric chloride aqueous solution is continuously added for color development, and the OD is measured by a microplate reader506nm, 3 replicates per group, and the results are shown in FIG. 1. The measurement result shows that the total ester content of the treated Candida lipolytica CICC31223 is lower than that of yarrowia lipolytica CICC32187, which indicates that the Candida lipolytica CICC31223 has strong capability of degrading fat.
The biomass measurement result shows that the biomass of the two yeasts after being cultured for 84h is approximate, and the biomass of yarrowia lipolytica CICC32187 is 52.1g/L and the biomass of Candida lipolytica CICC31223 is 51.8g/L in terms of the amount of the culture medium.
The YPD liquid culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of glucose, 2% of peptone, 1% of yeast powder and deionized water as a solvent, and the pH value is natural. The medium was sterilized at 121 ℃ for 20 min.
The transformation medium (g/L): tween-804, KH2PO4 0.55,Na2HPO40.31, anhydrous MgSO40.16, deionized water as solvent, and natural pH.
2. Measuring the GDL production capacity of different yeast strains.
Respectively picking out Yarrowia lipolytica (Yarrowia lipolytica) CICC32187 and pseudolipolyticaSingle colonies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Candida lipolytica) CICC31223 were inoculated into 5mL of YPD liquid medium and cultured overnight at 28 ℃ with shaking (200 r/min); transferring into 30mL YPD liquid culture medium at volume concentration of 5%, culturing at 28 deg.C under shaking (200r/min) for 12 hr, 6000 r/min, centrifuging for 3min, collecting thallus, washing with sorbitol buffer solution for 2 times, and adjusting thallus concentration to OD600Respectively inoculating bacterial suspensions with the nm value of 1 into 30mL/250mL of transformation medium containing 60g/L ricinoleic acid according to the inoculation amount of 8% (v/v), culturing for 72h at 28 ℃ with shaking (200r/min) to obtain transformation liquid, and measuring the yield of gamma-decalactone in the transformation liquid by adopting high performance gas chromatography.
Sample treatment: and mixing 200 mu L of the conversion solution with 200 mu L of 1g/L peach aldehyde aqueous solution and 500 mu L of ethyl acetate, uniformly mixing by shaking, centrifuging at 8000rpm for 1min, transferring 200 mu L of supernatant into a new 1.5mL centrifuge tube, and accurately taking 1 mu L of sample injection to measure the content of GDL.
Detection conditions of the high performance gas chromatography are as follows: HP-INNOWAX capillary chromatography column: (30 m.times.0.32 mm.times.0.25 μm); column temperature: keeping at 180 deg.C for 10min, and carrying gas (N)2) The flow rate is 4.3mL/min, and the sample injection amount is 1 mu L; FID detector temperature 280 ℃; the split ratio is as follows: 10:1.
The results are shown in FIG. 2, and the detection result shows that the GDL yield of yarrowia lipolytica CICC32187 is higher than that of Candida lipolytica CICC 31223.
Example 2 production of Gamma-decalactone by biological fermentation of ricinoleic acid Using Mixed culture Medium containing waste kitchen oil
1. Activating strains: yarrowia lipolytica (Yarrowia lipolytica) CICC32187 and Candida lipolytica (Candida lipolytica) CICC31223 were inoculated into YPD medium, and cultured at 28 ℃ for 2 days for activation to obtain activated single colonies, respectively.
The YPD culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of glucose, 2% of peptone, 1% of yeast powder, 2% of agar and deionized water as a solvent, and the pH value is natural. The medium was sterilized at 121 ℃ for 20 min.
2. Seed culture: selecting 3-5 single colonies of the activated yeast, respectively inoculating the single colonies into 500mL conical flasks filled with 300mL seed culture medium under aseptic conditions, and performing shake cultivation at 28-30 ℃ and 150rpm for 1 day to respectively obtain yarrowia lipolytica seed solution and candida lipolytica seed solution. No contamination was observed by means of microscopic examination, odor observation, color observation, and the like.
The seed culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2% of glucose, 2% of peptone, 1% of yeast powder and deionized water as a solvent, and the pH value is natural.
3. Fermentation culture: firstly, sterile deionized water is used for respectively adjusting OD of yarrowia lipolytica seed liquid and OD of candida lipolytica seed liquid in the step 2600Values were all 1, and yarrowia lipolytica and candida lipolytica suspensions were obtained, respectively. Then mixing the Candida lipolytica suspension and the yarrowia lipolytica suspension according to the volume ratio of 1:10 to obtain mixed bacterial liquid. Inoculating the mixed bacteria liquid into a 5L fermentation tank filled with 3L fermentation medium according to the inoculation amount with the volume concentration of 10%, and performing aeration fermentation culture at 28 ℃ for 24 hours, wherein the dissolved oxygen is controlled by 8% by aeration, so as to obtain fermentation liquid.
The fermentation culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.25% of glucose, 2% of peptone, 0.5% of yeast powder, 0.6% of kitchen waste oil, 1% of tween-80 and deionized water as a solvent, and the pH value is natural.
4. GDL transformation production: and (3) inoculating 3L of the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (3) into a 50L fermentation tank filled with 30L of GDL transformation medium containing 60g/L ricinoleic acid, and culturing for 72h at 28 ℃ under shaking (200r/min) to carry out GDL transformation production. The GDL transformation culture medium quantity is composed of: 4% of kitchen waste oil, 4% of tween-801% and KH2PO4 0.055%,Na2HPO40.031%, anhydrous MgSO40.016% and deionized water as solvent, and natural pH.
5. Measuring the content of GDL: after the conversion reaction is finished, directly taking the conversion solution and utilizing a high performance gas chromatography to measure the content of the GDL. As a result: the yield of the fermentation liquor per liter for converting the waste oil and fat to generate GDL is 0.33 g/L.
The measurement method of gamma-decalactone comprises the following steps: the determination was carried out by high performance gas chromatography.
Sample treatment: and mixing 200 mu L of the conversion solution with 200 mu L of 1g/L peach aldehyde aqueous solution and 500 mu L of ethyl acetate, uniformly mixing by shaking, centrifuging at 8000rpm for 1min, transferring 200 mu L of supernatant into a new 1.5mL centrifuge tube, and accurately taking 1 mu L of sample injection to measure the content of GDL.
Detection conditions of the high performance gas chromatography are as follows: HP-INNOWAX capillary chromatography column: (30 m.times.0.32 mm.times.0.25 μm); column temperature: keeping at 180 deg.C for 10min, and carrying gas (N)2) The flow rate is 4.3mL/min, and the sample injection amount is 1 mu L; FID detector temperature 280 ℃; the split ratio is as follows: 10:1.
Example 3 fermentation of Castor oil to produce Gamma-decalactone Using culture Medium for Mixed culture containing waste kitchen oil
The ricinoleic acid in step 4 of example 2 was changed to 80g/L castor oil, the mass concentration of kitchen waste oil in GDL transformation medium was changed to 3%, and the other operations were the same as in example 1, with the result that: the yield of the fermentation liquor per liter for converting the waste oil and fat to generate GDL is 0.15 g/L.

Claims (4)

1. A method for preparing gamma-decalactone by utilizing kitchen waste grease is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) mixing the yarrowia lipolytica suspension and the candida lipolytica suspension to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid; inoculating the mixed bacterial liquid into a fermentation medium containing kitchen waste oil in an inoculation amount of 10% in volume concentration, and culturing at 28-30 ℃ for 20-24 hours to obtain a fermentation liquid; the fermentation culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.25% of glucose, 2% of peptone, 0.5% of yeast powder, 0.3-0.6% of kitchen waste oil, 1% of tween-80 and deionized water as a solvent, wherein the pH value is natural; (2) inoculating the fermentation liquor into a GDL conversion culture medium containing 60-80g/L ricinoleic acid or castor oil in an inoculation amount of 10% of volume concentration, performing shake culture at 28 ℃ and 200r/min for 72h to perform gamma-decalactone conversion, and separating and purifying the conversion liquor to obtain gamma-decalactone; the GDL transformation culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6-4% of kitchen waste oil and fat, 1% of tween-80, KH2PO4 0.055%,Na2HPO40.031%, anhydrous MgSO40.016% and deionized water as solvent, with natural pH;
mixing the yarrowia lipolytica suspension and the candida lipolytica suspension according to the volume ratio of 1: 10;
the Yarrowia lipolytica is Yarrowia lipolytica (Yarrowia lipolytica) CICC32187, and the Candida lipolytica is Candida lipolytica (Candida lipolytica) CICC 31223.
2. The method for preparing gamma-decalactone from kitchen waste oil and fat as claimed in claim 1, wherein said yarrowia lipolytica suspension and candida lipolytica suspension OD600The values were all 0.1.
3. The method for preparing gamma-decalactone from kitchen waste grease as claimed in claim 1, wherein the yarrowia lipolytica suspension is prepared by: (1) activation culture: inoculating yarrowia lipolytica to YPD culture medium, culturing at 28 deg.C for 2 days for activation to obtain activated single colony; the YPD culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of glucose, 2% of peptone, 1% of yeast powder, 2% of agar and deionized water as a solvent, wherein the pH value is natural;
(2) seed culture: selecting activated single colonies, inoculating the single colonies in a seed culture medium under an aseptic condition, and performing shake culture at 28-30 ℃ and 150rpm for 1 day to obtain yarrowia lipolytica seed liquid; adjusting seed liquid OD with sterile deionized water600The value is 1, namely the yarrowia lipolytica suspension is obtained; the seed culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2% of glucose, 2% of peptone, 1% of yeast powder and deionized water as a solvent, wherein the pH value is natural; the preparation of the candida lipolytica suspension is the same as the preparation of the yarrowia lipolytica suspension.
4. The method for preparing gamma-decalactone by using the kitchen waste grease as claimed in claim 1, wherein the kitchen waste grease is prepared by the following method: removing impurities of bones, disposable chopsticks, plastic bags and napkin paper from the kitchen waste, heating the kitchen waste containing grease in water bath at 80 ℃ for 30min, centrifugally separating at 2500r/min, and collecting the upper layer waste grease, namely the kitchen waste grease.
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