CN110430741B - Electromagnetic shielding material and preparation device and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Electromagnetic shielding material and preparation device and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
- H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
- H05K9/009—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising electro-conductive fibres, e.g. metal fibres, carbon fibres, metallised textile fibres, electro-conductive mesh, woven, non-woven mat, fleece, cross-linked
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic shielding material which comprises a honeycomb conductive network and an elastic matrix, wherein the honeycomb conductive network comprises a plurality of conductive spiral monomers, the conductive spiral monomers are arranged in parallel and are in a hexagonal honeycomb shape connected end to end or other contact parts, and the elastic matrix is poured around the honeycomb conductive network. According to the flexible stretchable electromagnetic shielding material, the preparation equipment and the preparation method thereof, the honeycomb-shaped conductive network is constructed by the plurality of conductive spiral monomers, and on one hand, the honeycomb hexagon is utilized to realize flexible stretching of a macroscopic structure; on the other hand, the light hollow conductive spiral with stretching capacity is used as a conductive additive, the directional arrangement of the group is realized to form a conductive network through the space limitation of the honeycomb structure template and the high-temperature welding of the heating furnace, the liquid high polymer is filled in the honeycomb structure template through vacuum impregnation, the double flexible stretching of the structure and the material is realized, and the electromagnetic shielding material achieves the purposes of flexibility and stretching.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic shielding materials, in particular to an electromagnetic shielding material and a preparation device and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the scientific and technological level of the modern society, informationization and intellectualization of information equipment such as communication and navigation are realized, but no matter a space information chain system or various modern information devices aiming at realizing accurate striking are more and more dependent on various electronic information equipment, the more precise and complex electronic information equipment is more easily interfered and threatened by a strong electromagnetic field, and the damage or the reduction of the operation precision of the electronic information equipment is caused. However, the current electronic information equipment mainly faces two major electromagnetic threats: (1) an external electromagnetic pulse device; (2) interference of own high-power electromagnetic equipment. In addition, natural lightning weather and the like can also cause electronic information equipment to be in a severe electromagnetic environment. The strong electromagnetic field generated by the external electromagnetic pulse device or the self electromagnetic device can cause damage to electronic information equipment and personnel because the device self has a plurality of electromagnetic discontinuous parts, and the surfaces of the parts can generate transient high voltage under the action of strong electromagnetic pulse and electromagnetic coupling, so that the electronic information equipment is damaged, the precision is disturbed, and the personnel are injured.
Therefore, research on the electromagnetic shielding technology of electronic information equipment has become an important issue in the development of high-tech technology. Electromagnetic shielding materials are regarded as important means of electromagnetic shielding technology, and are regarded by all countries in the world, and the electromagnetic shielding materials shield external electromagnetic fields by reflecting and absorbing electromagnetic waves and play a role in protecting electronic information equipment. With the rapid development of electronic information devices, the requirements for the characteristics of electromagnetic shielding materials, such as flexibility and stretchability, are also increasing. For example, a large number of aerodynamic curved structures on the surface of the device and movable gaps among components determine that the electromagnetic shielding material has certain curved adaptability and tensile property. The electromagnetic shielding theory research and the commodity development and application in Europe, America, Japan and the like are early, the shielding material industry of various types and series specifications is formed, but part of products limit the import of China. The technology is relatively lagged in the field in China, and is mainly reflected in that the varieties of development and application are few, the performance is low, the seriation and industrialization maturity of products are poor, and serious hidden troubles are brought to the operation of electronic information equipment. Therefore, the independent research and development of flexible and stretchable electromagnetic shielding materials is a key means for improving the electromagnetic protection capability of electronic information equipment.
The existing electromagnetic shielding materials can be generally classified into metal type, carbon type, conductive polymer type and the like, but no electromagnetic shielding material can simultaneously give consideration to excellent flexible and stretchable performance and good electromagnetic performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an electromagnetic shielding material, a preparation device and a preparation method thereof, wherein a honeycomb-shaped conductive network is constructed by a plurality of conductive spiral monomers, and on one hand, the flexible stretching of a macroscopic structure is realized by utilizing a honeycomb hexagon; on the other hand, the light hollow conductive spiral with stretching capacity is used as a conductive additive, the directional arrangement of the group is realized to form a conductive network through the space limitation of the honeycomb structure template and the high-temperature welding of the heating furnace, the liquid high polymer is filled in the honeycomb structure template through vacuum impregnation, the double flexible stretching of the structure and the material is realized, and the electromagnetic shielding material achieves the purposes of flexibility and stretching.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides an electromagnetic shielding material which comprises a honeycomb conductive network and an elastic matrix, wherein the honeycomb conductive network comprises a plurality of conductive spiral monomers, the conductive spiral monomers are arranged in parallel and are in a hexagonal honeycomb shape with head and tail or random contact parts connected, and the elastic matrix is poured around the honeycomb conductive network.
Further, the conductive spiral single body is a plurality of spiral line bodies with similar appearance structure and size, and the conductive spiral single body is made of conductive metal or conductive alloy.
Further, the conductive spiral monomer has the spiral length of 200-500 μm, the outer diameter of 20-50 μm, the wire diameter of 2-8 μm and the thread pitch of 20-50 μm.
Furthermore, the elastic matrix is made of rubber, polyurethane or polydimethylsiloxane.
The invention also provides equipment for preparing the electromagnetic shielding material, which is applied to the electromagnetic shielding material as claimed in the claim, and further comprises a metal honeycomb-shaped die and a heating furnace, wherein a plurality of hexagonal grooves which are arranged without gaps are arranged in the metal honeycomb-shaped die, the shapes of the hexagonal grooves are matched with the shapes of the conductive spiral monomers, and each groove is used for arranging and placing a plurality of conductive spiral monomers; the metal honeycomb-shaped die with the conductive spiral single bodies placed therein is used for placing in the heating furnace to perform heat treatment welding on the adjacent conductive spiral single bodies.
Further, the metal honeycomb-shaped die comprises a vibrating device, wherein the vibrating device is used for driving the metal honeycomb-shaped die to vibrate and enabling the conductive spiral monomer to be filled into the hexagonal groove.
Furthermore, the hexagonal groove is a regular hexagon with the side length of 1mm, the width of the hexagonal groove is 150 μm, and the depth of the hexagonal groove is 800 μm; the vibration frequency of the vibration device is 5Hz, and the amplitude is 20mm-30 mm.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the electromagnetic shielding material, which is applied to the electromagnetic shielding material and comprises the following steps:
placing a plurality of conductive spiral monomers dropwise added with an organic solvent mixture on a metal honeycomb-shaped mold, and oscillating the metal honeycomb-shaped mold in a reciprocating manner at a low frequency by using a vibrating device to enable the conductive spiral monomers to be filled in hexagonal grooves in the mold;
placing the metal honeycomb-shaped die filled with the conductive spiral monomers in a heating furnace for heat treatment welding, welding the adjacent conductive spiral monomers in any hexagonal groove end to end or random contact parts together to form a honeycomb conductive network, and then cooling the die to room temperature along with the heating furnace;
taking out the metal honeycomb-shaped mold from the heating furnace, pouring liquid high polymer into the hexagonal grooves, and vacuumizing for 10-20 minutes;
and (3) putting the metal honeycomb-shaped mould poured with the liquid high polymer into the heating furnace again, heating for 120 minutes at 60 ℃, taking out the mould after curing and forming, and demoulding to finally obtain the electromagnetic shielding material.
Further, the organic solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and the vibration direction of the vibration device is perpendicular to the plane direction of the hexagonal groove.
Further, the heat treatment welding of the conductive spiral monomer in the heating furnace is that the temperature in the heating furnace is increased from room temperature to 150 ℃, then is increased to 200-400 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃ per minute, the temperature is maintained for 60 minutes, finally, the temperature in the heating furnace is cooled to room temperature, and the nitrogen is introduced into the heating furnace for protection in the whole heat treatment process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the flexible and stretchable honeycomb type electromagnetic shielding material is novel in structure. The honeycomb type electromagnetic shielding material provided by the invention utilizes a plurality of conductive spiral monomers to construct a honeycomb conductive network, and the plurality of conductive spiral monomers are subjected to group ordered arrangement and heat treatment welding, so that the honeycomb sandwich layer realizes dual flexible stretching of the structure and the material. The material can meet the use requirements of flexibility and stretchability.
2. The manufacturing method is simple and efficient, and the manufacturability is good. The flexible and stretchable honeycomb type electromagnetic shielding material manufacturing device and method provided by the invention utilize the hexagonal grooves on the metal honeycomb-shaped die to carry out space constraint and limit on the conductive spiral monomer, effectively realize the group ordered arrangement of the three-dimensional complex micro-spiral structure, and realize the welding of the conductive spiral monomer into a net through a simple heat treatment process.
3. Can be manufactured in large-area and batch. The forming size of the material can be adjusted by changing the size parameters of the metal die, and large-area batch manufacturing is realized. The method provides a way for realizing the ordered group arrangement of the micro-helices and the welding of the micro-nano particles, and the material is expected to solve the problem of military compatibility of excellent flexible and stretchable performance and good electromagnetic performance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a flexible and stretchable honeycomb type electromagnetic shielding material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view I of FIG. 1 (partially transparentized for the purpose of showing the effect);
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a conductive helical monomer;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a metal honeycomb mold;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a flexible and stretchable cellular electromagnetic shielding material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a flexible and stretchable honeycomb-type electromagnetic shielding material (the structures are a negative poisson's ratio and b zero poisson's ratio, respectively) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the flexible stretchable honeycomb conductive network is characterized in that 1 is a flexible stretchable honeycomb conductive network, 2 is an elastic matrix, 3 is a conductive spiral bundle, 4 is a conductive spiral monomer, 5 is a metal honeycomb-shaped mold, 6 is a hexagonal groove, 7 is a mixture of a plurality of conductive spiral monomers and an organic solvent, and 8 is a liquid polymer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an electromagnetic shielding material and a preparation device and a preparation method thereof.A honeycomb-shaped conductive network is constructed by a plurality of conductive spiral monomers, and on one hand, the flexible stretching of a macroscopic structure is realized by utilizing a honeycomb hexagon; on the other hand, the light hollow conductive spiral with stretching capacity is used as a conductive additive, the directional arrangement of the group is realized to form a conductive network through the space limitation of the honeycomb structure template and the high-temperature welding of the heating furnace, the liquid high polymer is filled in the honeycomb structure template through vacuum impregnation, the double flexible stretching of the structure and the material is realized, and the electromagnetic shielding material achieves the purposes of flexibility and stretching.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the present invention provides an electromagnetic shielding material, in particular a flexible and stretchable honeycomb type electromagnetic shielding material, comprising a flexible and stretchable honeycomb conductive network 1 and an elastic matrix 2. Fig. 2 and fig. 3 are a front view and a top view of the flexible and stretchable honeycomb type electromagnetic shielding material, respectively, which can further show the structural form of the flexible and stretchable honeycomb type electromagnetic shielding material. Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of a single-sided structure of the flexible, stretchable honeycomb-type electromagnetic shielding material of fig. 1, including a conductive spiral bundle 3 and an elastic base 2, wherein the conductive spiral bundle 3 is inside the elastic base 2. The conductive helix bundle 3 is composed of ordered conductive helix monomers 4 (shown in fig. 5). The conductive spiral monomers 4 are connected end to end or at random contact positions to form a directional ordered structure, and the adjacent conductive spiral monomers 4 are welded together at the end to end or at random contact positions to form the conductive spiral bundle 3 (shown in figure 4) which is interwoven. As shown in fig. 6, a metal honeycomb-shaped mold 5 is processed with a hexagonal groove 6 cell array, through which the conductive spiral bundle 3 can be formed into a flexible stretchable honeycomb conductive network 1, and a liquid high polymer 8 is poured to cure and demould to form a flexible stretchable honeycomb type electromagnetic shielding material. The conductive spiral unit 4 (shown in fig. 5) has a three-dimensional spiral structure, which is a spiral line body with similar dimension of the external structure, and the surface material of the conductive spiral unit is conductive metal or conductive alloy. In the present embodiment, the optional conductive helical monomer 4 has a length of 200 μm to 500 μm, an outer diameter of 20 μm to 50 μm, a wire diameter of 2 μm to 8 μm, and a pitch of 20 μm to 50 μm. The material of the surface of the conductive spiral monomer 4 can be silver, copper, nickel and the like. The elastic matrix 2 completely wraps the flexible and stretchable honeycomb conductive network 1, and the material of the elastic matrix 2 can be elastic high polymers such as rubber, polyurethane, polydimethylsiloxane and the like.
The embodiment also provides a set of preparation devices of the flexible and stretchable honeycomb type electromagnetic shielding material, which comprises a metal honeycomb-shaped die 5 and a heating furnace. The metal honeycomb-shaped die 5 is provided with hexagonal grooves 6 which are arranged without gaps, the hexagonal grooves 6 are matched with the shapes of the conductive spiral monomers 4, and each groove is used for arranging a plurality of conductive spiral monomers 4. The heating furnace is used for welding the head and the tail of the adjacent conductive spiral monomers 4 or random contact parts. In the embodiment, in order to realize more uniform and compact filling of the conductive spiral monomer 4 into the hexagonal groove 6, the device further comprises a vibrating device, and the metal honeycomb-shaped mold 5 is arranged on the vibrating device.
As shown in fig. 7, this embodiment further provides a method for preparing a flexible and stretchable honeycomb-type electromagnetic shielding material, which includes the following specific steps:
step (1): and dripping a mixture 7 of a plurality of conductive spiral monomers and an organic solvent on the metal honeycomb-shaped mould 5, and starting to vibrate the metal honeycomb-shaped mould 5 in a reciprocating manner at a low frequency to enable the conductive spiral monomers 4 to fill the hexagonal grooves 6. The metal honeycomb-shaped die 5 is made of metal or alloy such as stainless steel, copper and the like; the width of the hexagonal groove 6 is 150 micrometers, the depth of the hexagonal groove 6 is 800 micrometers, the hexagonal groove 6 is a regular hexagon, and the side length is 1 mm; the organic solvent may be anhydrous ethanol or acetone; the vibration direction of the low-frequency reciprocating oscillation is perpendicular to the plane direction of the hexagonal groove 6, the vibration frequency is 5Hz, and the vibration amplitude is 20mm to 30 mm.
Step (2): and (3) placing the die filled with the conductive spiral monomers 4 in a heating furnace for heat treatment welding, welding the head and the tail of the adjacent conductive spiral monomers 4 in any hexagonal groove 6 or randomly contacting positions together to form the flexible and stretchable honeycomb conductive network 1, and cooling the flexible and stretchable honeycomb conductive network to room temperature along with the furnace. The heat treatment welding is that the temperature in the heating furnace is raised from room temperature to 150 ℃, then raised to 200 ℃ to 400 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/minute, the temperature is kept for 60 minutes, finally the temperature in the heating furnace is cooled to room temperature, and the whole process is protected by introducing nitrogen.
And (3): and pouring the liquid high polymer 8 into the hexagonal groove 6, and vacuumizing for 10-20 minutes. The liquid polymer can be rubber, polyurethane, polydimethylsiloxane, etc.
And (4): and (4) placing the metal honeycomb-shaped mold 5 into which the liquid high polymer 8 is poured in the step (3) into a heating furnace, heating for 120 minutes at 60 ℃, and demolding after curing and forming to obtain the flexible and stretchable honeycomb-shaped electromagnetic shielding material.
According to the steps, the flexible and stretchable honeycomb type electromagnetic shielding material (the structures are a negative Poisson ratio and b zero Poisson ratio respectively) shown in FIG. 8 can be prepared only by adjusting the structure of the metal honeycomb-shaped die.
The invention provides a flexible and stretchable honeycomb type electromagnetic shielding material, and preparation equipment and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problem that the flexible and stretchable characteristics and the electromagnetic characteristics of the electromagnetic shielding material cannot be considered at the same time in the environment with complex strong electromagnetic field and high electromagnetic protection requirements. A honeycomb-shaped conductive network is constructed by a plurality of conductive spiral monomers 4, on one hand, the flexible stretching of a macroscopic structure is realized by utilizing a honeycomb hexagon; on the other hand, the light hollow conductive spiral with stretching capacity is used as a conductive additive, the directional arrangement of the group is realized to form a conductive network through the space limitation of the honeycomb structure template and the high-temperature welding of the heating furnace, the liquid high polymer is filled in the honeycomb structure template through vacuum impregnation, the double flexible stretching of the structure and the material is realized, and the electromagnetic shielding material achieves the purposes of flexibility and stretching.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electromagnetic shielding material, characterized in that: the honeycomb conductive network comprises a plurality of conductive spiral monomers which are arranged in parallel and are in a hexagonal honeycomb shape connected with each other end to end or other contact parts, and an elastic matrix is poured around the honeycomb conductive network.
2. The electromagnetic shielding material of claim 1, wherein: the conductive spiral single body is a plurality of spiral line bodies with similar appearance structure and size, and the conductive spiral single body is made of conductive metal or conductive alloy.
3. The electromagnetic shielding material of claim 1, wherein: the conductive spiral monomer has the spiral length of 200-500 mu m, the outer diameter of 20-50 mu m, the wire diameter of 2-8 mu m and the screw pitch of 20-50 mu m.
4. The electromagnetic shielding material of claim 1, wherein: the elastic matrix is made of rubber, polyurethane or polydimethylsiloxane.
5. An apparatus for manufacturing an electromagnetic shielding material, which is applied to the electromagnetic shielding material as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the metal honeycomb-shaped die is provided with a plurality of hexagonal grooves which are arranged without gaps, the shapes of the hexagonal grooves are matched with those of the conductive spiral monomers, and each groove is used for arranging and placing a plurality of conductive spiral monomers; the metal honeycomb-shaped die with the conductive spiral single bodies placed therein is used for placing in the heating furnace to perform heat treatment welding on the adjacent conductive spiral single bodies.
6. The apparatus for preparing an electromagnetic shielding material as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the metal honeycomb-shaped die is characterized by further comprising a vibrating device, wherein the vibrating device is used for driving the metal honeycomb-shaped die to vibrate and enabling the conductive spiral monomer to be filled into the hexagonal groove.
7. The apparatus for preparing an electromagnetic shielding material as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the hexagonal groove is a regular hexagon, the side length is 1mm, the width of the hexagonal groove is 150 micrometers, and the depth of the hexagonal groove is 800 micrometers; the vibration frequency of the vibration device is 5Hz, and the amplitude is 20mm-30 mm.
8. A method for producing an electromagnetic shielding material, applied to the electromagnetic shielding material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
placing a plurality of conductive spiral monomers dropwise added with an organic solvent mixture on a metal honeycomb-shaped mold, and oscillating the metal honeycomb-shaped mold in a reciprocating manner at a low frequency by using a vibrating device to enable the conductive spiral monomers to be filled in hexagonal grooves in the mold;
placing the metal honeycomb-shaped die filled with the conductive spiral monomers in a heating furnace for heat treatment welding, welding the head and the tail of the adjacent conductive spiral monomers or other contact parts in any hexagonal groove together to form a honeycomb conductive network, and then cooling the die to room temperature along with the heating furnace;
taking out the metal honeycomb-shaped mold from the heating furnace, pouring liquid high polymer into the hexagonal grooves, and vacuumizing for 10-20 minutes;
and (3) putting the metal honeycomb-shaped mould poured with the liquid high polymer into the heating furnace again, heating for 120 minutes at 60 ℃, taking out the mould after curing and forming, and demoulding to finally obtain the electromagnetic shielding material.
9. The method of preparing an electromagnetic shielding material according to claim 8, wherein: the organic solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol or acetone, and the vibration direction of the vibration device is perpendicular to the plane direction of the hexagonal groove.
10. The method of preparing an electromagnetic shielding material according to claim 8, wherein: the heat treatment welding of the conductive spiral monomer in the heating furnace is that the temperature in the heating furnace is increased from room temperature to 150 ℃, then is increased to 200-400 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃ per minute, the temperature is kept for 60 minutes, finally the temperature in the heating furnace is cooled to room temperature, and the nitrogen is introduced into the heating furnace for protection in the whole heat treatment process.
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