CN110429646B - Flexible extrapolation method under out-of-step center intrusion cluster based on controllable series compensation parameter adjustment - Google Patents
Flexible extrapolation method under out-of-step center intrusion cluster based on controllable series compensation parameter adjustment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The flexible extrapolation method under the out-of-step center invader group based on controllable series compensation parameter adjustment is characterized in that under the scene of the inside of the out-of-step center invader group, the voltage distribution of a system is calculated, a position coefficient equation of the out-of-step center is established, reactance parameters of a controllable series compensation device TCSC are calculated and adjusted, the non-parallel resonance and transient stability of the system are verified, a specific trigger angle adjustment scheme of the controllable series compensation device TCSC is determined, and the cluster is pushed out of the out-of-step center. The method is a flexible control strategy without loss of the unit and the load, has simple and reliable principle, does not cause system instability, and is easy to realize when applied to the power engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of relay protection and safety and stability control of a power system, in particular to a flexible extrapolation method under an out-of-step center intrusion cluster based on controllable series compensation parameter adjustment.
Background
With the development and utilization of large-scale hydropower and wind power, coupled thermal power is used for centralizing western power and east power transmission, and the main trend of domestic power development is formed at present, so that the interconnection scale of a power grid is gradually enlarged, and the operation mode of the power grid is always unexpected. For large-scale power generation centralized delivery bases, such as the water, fire and electricity delivery base of the three gorges and the wind, fire and electricity delivery base of the northwest, after serious fault disturbance of a complex large power grid, system oscillation is unexpectedly changed by an operation mode, dynamic migration of a step-out center can be caused, and in an extreme case, the step-out center is migrated into a power delivery base cluster. Under the scene, the sharply increased oscillation current of the generator per se can damage a stator winding and a shafting of the generator, and the out-of-step protection of the generator acts successively, so that a large number of units exit actively, and even an avalanche type tripping condition occurs. In addition, the situation of low voltage occurs near the oscillation center, and further auxiliary machines in the power plant, such as a slag remover, a boiler feed pump, a high-pressure heater and the like, exit from operation due to low voltage, so that a large number of generator sets are connected and cut, and the disastrous result of system power supply loss in a short time is caused. Therefore, for large-scale power generation centralized delivery bases, research on the reason that the out-of-step center is migrated to the interior of the cluster and effective out-of-step center extrapolation strategies are needed urgently.
The current research on the out-of-step center focuses on the following two aspects: study on the characteristics and location of the center of step-out (Tangfei, yangjian, liu Dai Duan, etc.. Large area networking step-out center of oscillation study based on voltage frequency characteristics [ J ]. High Voltage technology, 2015,41 (3): 754-761.); the reasons for the migration of the center of step-out were studied (Liufu Lock, fangyongjie, liwei, etc.. The change law of the center of step-out oscillation under multifrequency oscillation and its positioning [ J ]. Power System Automation, 2014,38 (20): 68-73.). The current research focuses on the fact that the desynchronization center is located on a line, and the possibility of intrusion into the cluster is ignored, but the situation cannot be ignored as the interconnection scale of the power grid becomes larger.
Disclosure of Invention
When the system is out of step, the intrusion of the out-of-step center into the machine group will bring the multi-machine out-of-step protection action cutter cutting, or the exit of auxiliary machines due to the low voltage of the power plant, thus leading to the exit of a large number of machines and seriously affecting the system safety, and the like, and the invention aims to solve the problems that: the flexible push-out of the desynchronizing center out of the interior of the machine group can provide guarantee for the normal operation of the machine group on the premise of not losing the machine group and load.
Based on the method, under the scene of the inner part of the desynchronizing center intrusion cluster, the reactance parameter required to be adjusted when the desynchronizing center pushes out the inner part of the cluster is calculated based on the boundary characteristic of the position coefficient, and the specific trigger angle adjustment scheme of the TCSC is determined through the verification of the non-parallel resonance and the transient stability of the system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the flexible extrapolation method under the out-of-step center invader group based on controllable series compensation parameter adjustment is characterized in that under the scene of the inside of the out-of-step center invader group, the voltage distribution of a system is calculated, a position coefficient equation of the out-of-step center is established, reactance parameters of a controllable series compensation device TCSC are calculated and adjusted, the non-parallel resonance and transient stability of the system are verified, a specific trigger angle adjustment scheme of the controllable series compensation device TCSC is determined, and the cluster is pushed out of the out-of-step center.
The flexible extrapolation method based on the controllable series compensation parameter adjustment under the desynchronizing center intrusion machine group comprises the following steps:
step 2, establishing a step-out center position coefficient equation according to the step-out center voltage zero-crossing characteristic, then utilizing the system impedance characteristic to judge whether the step-out center enters the cluster, if the step-out center enters the cluster, entering step 3, if the step-out center does not enter the cluster, keeping the TCSC trigger angle unchanged, and returning to the step 1;
step 3, calculating reactance parameters to be adjusted by the TCSC when the desynchronizing center is pushed out of the interior of the cluster based on the position coefficient boundary characteristics;
step 4, through system non-parallel resonance and transient stability verification, if the verification is met, calculating a trigger angle required to be adjusted by the TCSC when the desynchronizing center pushes out the interior of the cluster according to the relationship between the TCSC trigger angle and reactance parameters, and determining a TCSC adjustment scheme; if the verification is not met, reducing reactance parameters, returning to the verification until non-parallel resonance and transient stability are met, and combining destructive adjustment rigidity measures to push the desynchronizing center out of the cluster.
In the step 1, inter-system voltage distribution calculation is performed by using terminal voltage E of a two-terminal equivalent system G 、E S And two-terminal system and line equivalent parameter X G 、X S 、X L Setting line voltage distribution point as a position coefficient a from the G end outlet of the cluster, and calculating voltage distribution between systems based on the position coefficient based on the superposition principle
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
here U a Is the voltage amplitude, δ a For phase, Δ ω is the angular frequency difference between the end and receiving systems.
In the step 2, the step-out center position coefficient equation utilizes the step-out center voltage zero-crossing characteristic to order U a =0,. DELTA.. Omega.t =180 °, and the position coefficient equation is obtained
If a is satisfied>0, judging that the out-of-step center does not invade the interior of the cluster, keeping the trigger angle of the TCSC unchanged, and continuously calculating the voltage distribution among the systems in real time; if satisfy a<And 0, judging that the desynchronizing center invades into the cluster.
In the step 3, calculating and adjusting TCSC reactance parameter DeltaX C When the cluster interior is extrapolated based on the step-out center, the position coefficient boundary characteristic a =0, and at this time,
in the step 4, the non-parallel resonance of the system is verified, and the reactance parameter DeltaX of the TCSC is adjusted C The adjustment range of the latter value which needs to be arranged in the inductive area or the capacitive area is as follows:
avoiding system parallel resonance, where X C (90)、X C (180) Reactance values, α, at TCSC firing angles of 90, 180, respectively Lmax 、α Cmin The limiting angle is adjusted for inductive and capacitive TCSC, respectively, when considering parallel resonance.
In the step 4, the transient stability of the system is verified, based on the stable power angle characteristic of the system, after the parameters are adjusted, the requirement that the deceleration area is larger than the acceleration area is met, and the reactance parameter delta X of the TCSC is adjusted C The adjustment range of the latter value which needs to be arranged in the inductive area or the capacitive area is as follows:
where X is C(max) Large deceleration area for system transient stabilityThe maximum equivalent reactance value corresponding to TCSC is adjusted for the accelerated area.
In the step 4, the triggering angle of the TCSC is calculated and adjusted, the non-parallel resonance and the transient stability of the system are verified based on the reactance parameter required to be adjusted by calculating the TCSC, and the reactance parameter DeltaX of the TCSC is respectively adjusted C The latter values need to be placed in the adjustment range of the inductive area or the capacitive area, and the intersection of the inductive area and the capacitive area is taken as follows: TCSC reactance parameter DeltaX for avoiding parallel resonance and system transient stability under comprehensive consideration C The latter values need to satisfy the adjustment range.
If the reactance value of the corresponding adjustment TCSC can be obtained, calculating and adjusting a trigger angle alpha of the TCSC by utilizing the corresponding relation between the trigger angle of the TCSC and the reactance parameter, and determining a TCSC adjustment scheme;
if the reactance value of the TCSC can not be correspondingly adjusted, reducing the reactance parameters, returning to verification until the non-parallel resonance and the transient stability are met, and combining the measure of destructive adjusting rigidity to push the desynchronizing center out of the cluster.
The invention relates to a flexible extrapolation method under an out-of-step center intrusion machine group based on controllable series compensation parameter adjustment, which has the beneficial effects that:
(1): only the real-time terminal voltage of the equivalent system and the system impedance information are needed to be used for calculation, so that the data is convenient to obtain, and the practicability is high;
(2): the strategy principle is simple, the calculated amount is small, so that corresponding processing can be performed in a short time, and system control can be completed before the machine group is out of step to protect the action;
(3): the strategy adjusts the TCSC parameters on the premise of ensuring the stability of the system, does not lose the unit and the load, achieves the purpose of extrapolation of the out-of-step center, and gives consideration to the integrity and the safety of the system.
(4): aiming at the problem of avalanche type cutter cutting caused by immersing a step-out center into a machine group, the invention provides a flexible extrapolation method under the condition that the step-out center is immersed into the machine group based on controllable series compensation parameter adjustment.
(5): the method is a flexible control strategy without loss of the unit and the load, has simple and reliable principle, does not cause system instability, and is easy to realize when applied to the power engineering.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a multi-machine parallel system.
Fig. 3 is a system equivalent circuit diagram.
Fig. 4 is a plot of equivalent reactance versus firing angle.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the power angle characteristic of TCSC.
FIG. 6 (a) is a comparison graph of impedance traces when voltages on both sides are equal and whether measures are taken or not;
fig. 6 (b) is a comparison graph of impedance traces when measures are taken or not when voltages on two sides are not equal.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding and an enabling description of the present invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof.
The invention provides a flexible extrapolation method under an out-of-step center intrusion cluster based on controllable series compensation parameter adjustment, which has a process flow as shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
according to the above equivalent concept, a system equivalent diagram shown in fig. 3 can be obtained, and the instantaneous values of the equivalent power supplies on both sides are respectively expressed as:
wherein, ω is 1 、ω 2 Two terminal frequencies, respectively.
Normally, the step-out center is located on the line L, so that the step-out center is any point A on the line L, and the reactance of the terminal connecting line accounts for the total reactance X of the line LΣ Is represented by a position coefficient a. Based on the principle of superposition, the voltage distribution at a can be derived as:
for subsequent analysis, the following treatment is carried out: let k = E S /E G ' is the voltage amplitude ratio between the power supplies on both sides; Δ ω = ω 2 -ω 1 The frequency difference between the two side power supplies. The voltage expression is processed as follows:
voltage amplitude U A And the voltage initial phase angle δ is as follows:
wherein:
step 2, according to the zero-crossing characteristic of the step-out center voltage,let U A =0, δ =180 °, the expression for the position coefficient a is available:
then, judging whether the desynchronizing center enters the inside of the cluster in real time by using the impedance characteristic of the system, if so, entering the step 3, and if not, keeping the trigger angle of the TCSC unchanged, and returning to the step 1;
and 3, calculating reactance parameters needing to be adjusted by the TCSC when the desynchronizing center pushes the interior of the cluster based on the position coefficient boundary characteristics, and simultaneously adjusting C1 and C2 to increase the equivalent reactance of the line.
In the out-of-sync central invader fleet internal scenario, in the system shown in fig. 2, the location coefficient a <0. If no measures are taken, cluster offline accidents can be caused, and even the system security is compromised.
When the desynchronizing center invades into the cluster, the TCSC is immediately adjusted to increase the equivalent reactance of C1 and C2 by delta X C So that the line has an equivalent reactance X LΣ A change occurred: x LΣ ′＝(X L1 +X C1 +△X C )(X L2 +X C2 +△X C )
Since the purpose of this measure is to push the cluster out of the out-of-step centre, Δ X is being added C Then, the following requirements are satisfied:
can obtain Delta X C The requirements are as follows:
△X C >2kX GT -2X S -(X L1 +X C1 ) (9)
step 4, firstly, verifying the non-parallel resonance and transient stability of the system:
(1) Avoiding parallel resonance:
as shown in fig. 4, when the firing angle α =90 °, TCSC equivalent reactanceIs minimum value X of sensitive region C (90°)＝X L *X cap /(X cap -X L ) Wherein X is L 、X cap The equivalent reactance values of the internal inductance and the capacitance of the TCSC are respectively. When the alpha is in the interval of 90 degrees to the parallel resonance point, the equivalent reactance X of the TCSC C Gradually increased, and in order to prevent TCSC from generating parallel resonance, the requirement in the sensitive region should not be larger than alpha Llim (ii) a When the trigger angle alpha is in the interval of 180 deg. to the parallel resonance point, the TCSC equivalent reactance X TCSC Gradually decreased to prevent TCSC from generating parallel resonance, and the requirement of not less than alpha in the capacitive region Clim (ii) a When alpha =180 °, TCSC equivalent reactance is the capacitive zone maximum, X C (180°)＝X cap 。
Therefore, to avoid system parallel resonance, the TCSC reactance parameter DeltaX is adjusted C The latter values need to be placed in the inductive or capacitive region within the adjustment range as follows:
(2) Consider the system transient stability:
the core of the strategy is that the TCSC equivalent reactance is increased, so that the desynchronizing center is pushed out of the cluster, but the transient stability of the system is inevitably influenced. There is also a range of TCSC adjustments in order to allow the system to recover stability after TCSC adjustments.
The TCSC is adjusted to increase the equivalent impedance and decrease the electromagnetic power, as shown by the power angle characteristic in FIG. 5, the electromagnetic power is P when the normal operation and the TCSC are adjusted I And P I ', mechanical power is nP T . To make the system stable, the acceleration area A needs to be ensured acc Not greater than the deceleration area A dec 。
A acc And A dec Are all about X TCSC Function of (c):
with TCSC equal valueThe increase of the reactance moves the power angle characteristic curve downwards, so that the acceleration area is increased and the deceleration area is reduced. Order: a. The dec ＝A acc The maximum equivalent reactance value of TCSC based on the system stability can be obtained as follows:
wherein: e is the equivalent supply voltage, U is the equivalent receiving end voltage, X L1 Is line L1 reactance, X S Is an equivalent receiving end reactance, X GT Is the equivalent reactance, delta, of the machine group 0 (in radians) is the angle at which TCSC adjusts, delta c (expressed in radians) as the maximum TCSC adjustment angle, δ cr (radian representation) is the extreme run angle.
Thus, the TCSC reactance parameter DeltaX is adjusted in consideration of the transient stability of the system C The latter values need to be placed in the inductive or capacitive region within the adjustment range as follows:
taking the intersection of the formula (10) and the formula (13), namely, taking comprehensive consideration to avoid parallel resonance and TCSC reactance parameter DeltaX of system transient stability C The latter value needs to satisfy the adjustment range.
If the calculated reactance parameter is within the interval, based on the relationship between the TCSC firing angle and the reactance parameter:
wherein alpha is a thyristor trigger angle based on the zero-crossing time of the capacitor voltage, and the natural resonant frequency
Omega is the system power frequency angular frequency, C is the capacitance value, and L is the reactance value.
When the desynchronizing center is pushed out of the cluster, the triggering angle alpha required to be adjusted by the TCSC is calculated, and the TCSC adjustment scheme is determined, so that the desynchronizing center is pushed out of the cluster, thereby avoiding the occurrence of the accident that the cluster is completely withdrawn from operation due to too low voltage, and combining the measures of frequency modulation and pressure regulation of the system and the like, the system can be quickly recovered to be stable. During the adjustment process, the equivalent reactance of the line is increased, which may result in that the transmission capacity of the line is not enough to meet the requirement of transmitting energy at the transmitting end, and part of the power flow can be transferred. If the adjustment range is not met, reducing the reactance parameters, returning to the verification until the two properties are met, and combining with the measures of damaging adjustment rigidity such as the cutting load of a cutter and the like to push the desynchronizing center out of the cluster.
And finally, taking an von Yi-von-Yi-period 500kV multi-machine infinite bus equivalent power transmission system as an example to perform a simulation test, and verifying the feasibility of the TCSC adjustment strategy by comparing an impedance locus diagram when measures are taken or not when the voltages of the systems on the two sides are equal and unequal respectively. Fig. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are graphs comparing impedance traces when measures are taken or not taken, and it can be seen that the step-out center invades the inside of the cluster when no measures are taken, and the step-out center is pushed out of the cluster after measures are taken.
Claims (8)
1. The flexible extrapolation method under the out-of-step center intrusion cluster based on controllable series compensation parameter adjustment is characterized by comprising the following steps: under the scene that the step-out center invades the inside of the cluster, the voltage distribution of the system is calculated, the position coefficient equation of the step-out center is established, reactance parameters of the controllable series compensation device TCSC are calculated and adjusted, the non-parallel resonance and the transient stability of the system are verified, the specific trigger angle adjustment scheme of the controllable series compensation device TCSC is determined, and the cluster is pushed out of the step-out center.
2. The flexible extrapolation method based on the controllable series compensation parameter adjustment under the desynchronizing center intrusion machine group is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, when a system is out of step, calculating voltage distribution among systems in real time by using a superposition principle based on measurement information and system parameters;
step 2, establishing a step-out center position coefficient equation according to the step-out center voltage zero-crossing characteristic, then utilizing the system impedance characteristic to judge whether the step-out center enters the inside of the cluster in real time, if the step-out center enters the inside of the cluster, entering step 3, if the step-out center does not enter the inside of the cluster, keeping the TCSC trigger angle unchanged, and returning to the step 1;
step 3, calculating reactance parameters needing to be adjusted by the TCSC when the desynchronizing center pushes out the interior of the cluster based on the position coefficient boundary characteristics;
step 4, through system non-parallel resonance and transient stability verification, if the verification is met, calculating a trigger angle required to be adjusted by the TCSC when the desynchronizing center pushes out the interior of the cluster according to the relation between the TCSC trigger angle and reactance parameters, and determining a TCSC adjustment scheme; if the verification is not satisfied, reducing the reactance parameters, returning to the verification until the non-parallel resonance and the transient stability are satisfied, and combining with the destructive adjustment rigidity measure to push the desynchronizing center out of the cluster.
3. The flexible extrapolation method under the desynchronizing center intrusion fleet based on the adjustment of the controllable series compensation parameters according to claim 2, wherein: in the step 1, inter-system voltage distribution calculation is performed by using terminal voltage E of a two-terminal equivalent system G 、E S And two-terminal system and line equivalent parameter X G 、X S 、X L Setting line voltage distribution point as a position coefficient a from the G end outlet of the cluster, and calculating voltage distribution between systems based on the position coefficient based on the superposition principle
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
here U a Is the voltage amplitude, δ a For phase, Δ ω is terminal and receiverThe end-system angular frequency difference.
4. The flexible extrapolation method under the out-of-step center invader group based on controllable series compensation parameter adjustment according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step 2, the step-out center position coefficient equation utilizes the step-out center voltage zero-crossing characteristic to order U a =0,. DELTA.. Omega.t =180 °, and the position coefficient equation is obtained
If a is satisfied>0, judging that the out-of-step center does not invade the interior of the cluster, keeping the trigger angle of the TCSC unchanged, and continuously calculating the voltage distribution among the systems in real time; if satisfy a<And 0, judging that the desynchronizing center invades into the cluster.
5. The flexible extrapolation method under the out-of-step center invader group based on controllable series compensation parameter adjustment according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step 3, calculating and adjusting TCSC reactance parameter DeltaX C When the cluster interior is extrapolated based on the step-out center, the position coefficient boundary characteristic a =0, and at this time,
6. the flexible extrapolation method under the out-of-step center invader group based on controllable series compensation parameter adjustment according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step 4, the non-parallel resonance of the system is verified, and the reactance parameter DeltaX of the TCSC is adjusted C The adjustment range of the latter value which needs to be arranged in the inductive area or the capacitive area is as follows:
avoiding system parallel resonance, where X C (90°)、X C (180 °) are reactance values at 90 ° and 180 ° of the TCSC firing angle, α Lmax 、α Cmin The limit angle is adjusted for inductive and capacitive TCSC, respectively, when parallel resonance is considered.
7. The flexible extrapolation method under the out-of-step center invader group based on controllable series compensation parameter adjustment according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step 4, the transient stability of the system is verified, based on the stable power angle characteristic of the system, after the parameters are adjusted, the requirement that the deceleration area is larger than the acceleration area is met, and the reactance parameter delta X of the TCSC is adjusted C The adjustment range of the latter value which needs to be arranged in the inductive area or the capacitive area is as follows:
where X is C(max) And adjusting the corresponding maximum equivalent reactance value of the TCSC for the transient stability of the system when the deceleration area is larger than the acceleration area.
8. The flexible extrapolation method under the out-of-step center invader group based on controllable series compensation parameter adjustment according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step 4, the process of the step,
calculating and adjusting a TCSC trigger angle, verifying the non-parallel resonance and transient stability of the system based on reactance parameters required to be adjusted in the TCSC calculation, and respectively adjusting TCSC reactance parameters delta X C The latter values need to be placed in the adjustment range of the inductive area or the capacitive area, and the intersection of the inductive area and the capacitive area is taken as follows: TCSC reactance parameter DeltaX for avoiding parallel resonance and system transient stability under comprehensive consideration C The adjustment range that the latter value needs to satisfy;
if the reactance value of the corresponding adjustment TCSC can be obtained, calculating and adjusting a trigger angle alpha of the TCSC by utilizing the corresponding relation between the trigger angle of the TCSC and the reactance parameter, and determining a TCSC adjustment scheme;
if the reactance value of the TCSC can not be correspondingly adjusted, reducing the reactance parameter, returning to verification until the non-parallel resonance and the transient stability are met, and combining with the destructive adjustment rigidity measure to push the desynchronizing center out of the cluster.
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