CN110428710B - Virtual simulation method of quantum entanglement source - Google Patents

Virtual simulation method of quantum entanglement source Download PDF

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CN110428710B
CN110428710B CN201910693617.9A CN201910693617A CN110428710B CN 110428710 B CN110428710 B CN 110428710B CN 201910693617 A CN201910693617 A CN 201910693617A CN 110428710 B CN110428710 B CN 110428710B
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安雪碧
宋红岩
丁禹阳
郝鹏磊
章丽
钱泳君
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Anhui Asky Quantum Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a virtual simulation method of a quantum entanglement source, which comprises the following steps of 1, modeling each experimental device in a quantum optical experiment based on the quantum entanglement source; step 2, constructing a virtual quantum optical experimental light path based on a quantum entanglement source; step 3Calculating the true coincidence count c of the A optical path and the B optical pathTAnd the total coincidence count c after addition of experimental noiseA. And the parameters are used as data bases to complete the experiments such as interference contrast curve measurement, Bell inequality inspection, entanglement source fidelity measurement and the like. The method can realize the construction of the quantum entanglement source through simulation, adjust the angle of the wave plate and measure the quantum entanglement state, thereby completing the experimental virtual simulation of the quantum entanglement source.

Description

Virtual simulation method of quantum entanglement source
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of quantum information, and particularly relates to a virtual simulation method of a quantum entanglement source.
Background
The quantum entanglement source is one of core resource modules for research and teaching in the field of quantum information. The entity entanglement source generating device is widely applied to aspects of scientific research, classroom teaching and the like. However, quantum entanglement source entity devices have the problems of high price, strict requirements on experimental environment, easiness in damage, incapability of visualizing quantum optical signals and the like. In order to solve the above problems, virtual simulation techniques for guiding and simulating experimental instruments, experimental equipment, and experimental environments using computer and multimedia technologies are beginning to be applied to the fields of quantum optics and quantum information. However, the prior virtual simulation aiming at quantum optics and quantum information is limited to two-dimensional images and has no three-dimensional sense; the experimental algorithm modeling does not consider the imperfect characteristics of an actual instrument, so that the virtual simulation is far away from the real experimental scene; and no specific experimental lectures, experimental procedures, data processing software, etc. are provided in the program.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a virtual simulation method of quantum entanglement sources aiming at the defects of the prior art, further simulate the noise in the real environment to obtain the total coincidence count which tends to be real, and provide experimental basis for the experiments of interference contrast curve measurement, entanglement source fidelity measurement, Bell inequality inspection and the like.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a virtual simulation method of a quantum entanglement source is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, modeling each experimental device in a quantum optical experiment based on a quantum entanglement source; the experimental device comprises a laser, an HWP half-wave plate, a PBS polarization beam splitter, a QWP quarter-wave plate, a Lens, a BBO crystal, a wedge-shaped plate, a reflecting prism, a polarizing plate, a filter plate, a collimator, a beam terminator, a single-mode optical fiber, a detector, a coincidence counter, an optical experiment table and a data processing computer;
step 2, constructing a virtual quantum optical experimental light path based on a quantum entanglement source; the experimental light path comprises a laser, a light path emitted by the laser sequentially passes through a first half-wave plate, a polarization beam splitter, a second half-wave plate, a first quarter-wave plate, a first Lens and a BBO crystal and then is divided into a light path A and a light path B, the light path A sequentially passes through a second Lens, a second quarter-wave plate, a third half-wave plate, a first polaroid and a first filter and then is emitted into a coupling head of a first detector, and the light path B sequentially passes through a third Lens, a third quarter-wave plate, a fourth half-wave plate, a second polaroid and a second detector and then is emitted into a coupling head of a second detector;
step 3, calculating the real coincidence count c of the A optical path and the B optical pathT：
The light intensity of the laser is recorded as p, the entanglement photon pair generation rate is R, and the background attenuations of the A optical path and the B optical path are eta respectivelyA1、ηB1The deflection angles of the coupling head of the first detector and the coupling head of the second detector are X1、χ2Attenuation caused by the coupling head of the first detector and the coupling head of the second detectorDecrease etaA2、ηB2Respectively as follows:
ηA2＝cos(χ1)；
ηB2＝cos(χ2)；
the coincidence gate width is T, the initial value of T is 2ns (nanosecond), then the true coincidence count c of two pathsTComprises the following steps:
cT＝p·R·ηA1·ηA2·ηB1·ηB2·c；
in the above formula, c is the coincidence rate, and the calculation method is as follows:
the deflection angle of the second half-wave plate is theta1The deflection angle of the BBO crystal is theta2The deflection angle of the second quarter-wave plate in the A optical path is
Figure BDA0002148643030000023
The deflection angle of the third half-wave plate is theta3And the deflection angle of the third quarter-wave plate in the B optical path is
Figure BDA0002148643030000024
The deflection angle of the fourth half-wave plate is theta4The deflection angle of the first quarter-wave plate is delta;
then the quantum state of the laser after passing through the polarization beam splitter is | H >, and after passing through the second half-wave plate, the quantum state is:
cos2θ1|H〉+sin2θ1|V>；
wherein, | H > refers to the horizontal polarization state, | V > is the vertical polarization state,
after passing through BBO crystal, the quantum state is:
Figure BDA0002148643030000021
the measurement base expression of the A optical path is as follows:
Figure BDA0002148643030000022
the measurement base expression of the B optical path is as follows:
Figure BDA0002148643030000031
the coincidence rate c is:
Figure BDA0002148643030000032
namely:
Figure BDA0002148643030000033
total coincidence count cAComprises the following steps: c. CA＝cT+cR；
Wherein, cRCounting for random coincidence;
simulating noise in real environment, and setting single-channel count of A optical path as NA＝p·R·ηA1·ηA2Single channel count of the B optical path is NB＝p·R·ηB1·ηB2Random coincidence count cRComprises the following steps:
cR＝NA·NB·T。
p is 50mw, R is 2500Hz/mw, and background attenuation of the A and B optical paths is ηA1＝ηB1＝20％。
And fixing the deflection angle of the second quarter-wave plate and the third half-wave plate in the optical path A, gradually increasing the deflection angle of the fourth half-wave plate in the optical path B from 0 degree, recording corresponding total coincidence count, drawing an interference contrast curve by taking the deflection angle of the fourth half-wave plate as an abscissa and the total coincidence count as an ordinate, and finishing the measurement of the interference contrast curve.
And respectively adjusting the deflection angles of a third half-wave plate and a fourth half-wave plate in the optical path A and the optical path B, calculating corresponding total coincidence counting, bringing the total coincidence counting into a Bell inequality formula, calculating an experimental value, realizing the Bell inequality inspection, and further proving the existence of quantum entanglement.
And respectively rotating the third half-wave plate and the fourth half-wave plate as well as the second quarter-wave plate and the third quarter-wave plate in the A optical path and the B optical path according to the preset 16 groups of deflection angles to obtain the total coincidence count under the corresponding deflection angle groups, calculating the fidelity of the entanglement source, and realizing the fidelity measurement of the entanglement source.
The deflection angles of the third half-wave plate, the fourth half-wave plate, the second quarter-wave plate and the third quarter-wave plate can be adjusted.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by utilizing the three-dimensional virtual simulation method, the cost of the quantum entanglement source is greatly reduced, the rigorous requirement on the experimental environment is met, the visualization of quantum optical signals is realized, the independent modeling is performed aiming at a single device, the condition of system working failure caused by incorrect device placement position, angle adjustment and the like in the actual experiment can be simulated, and the actual experiment effect is close to.
The user can move the single experimental device, adjust specific parameters such as the rotation angle of the wave plate and the like, and calculate the total coincidence count according to the experimental parameters.
The quantum entanglement source can be built through simulation, the angle of the wave plate is adjusted, and the quantum entanglement state is measured, so that experimental virtual simulation of the quantum entanglement source is completed.
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Fig. 1 is a quantum entanglement source virtual simulation software module architecture of a quantum entanglement source virtual simulation method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a modeling of an experimental apparatus of the virtual simulation method of the quantum entanglement source of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a quantum optical experimental optical path of the virtual simulation method of the quantum entanglement source of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an example of an experimental module of a virtual simulation method of a quantum entanglement source according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an exemplary video module of a virtual simulation method of quantum entanglement sources according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a laser; 2. a first half wave plate; 3. a polarizing beam splitter; 4. a second half-wave plate; 5. a first quarter wave plate; 6. a first Lens; 7. BBO crystal; 8. a second Lens; 9. a second quarter wave plate; 10. a third half-wave plate; 11. a first polarizing plate; 12. a first filter; 13. a first detector; 14. a third Lens; 15. a third quarter wave plate; 16. a fourth half-wave plate; 17. a second polarizing plate; 18. a second filter; 19. a second detector; 20. a, an optical path; 21. and B, an optical path.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to fig. 1 to 4:
a virtual simulation method of a quantum entanglement source is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, modeling each experimental device in a quantum optical experiment based on a quantum entanglement source; the experimental device comprises a laser, an HWP half-wave plate, a PBS polarization beam splitter, a QWP quarter-wave plate, a Lens, a BBO crystal, a wedge-shaped plate, a reflecting prism, a polarizing plate, a filter plate, a collimator, a beam terminator, a single-mode optical fiber, a detector, a coincidence counter, an optical experiment table and a data processing computer;
step 2, constructing a virtual quantum optical experimental optical path based on a quantum entanglement source, as shown in fig. 3; the experimental light path comprises a laser 1, a light path emitted by the laser 1 sequentially passes through a first half-wave plate 2, a polarization beam splitter 3, a second half-wave plate 4, a first quarter-wave plate 5, a first Lens 6 and a BBO crystal 7 and then is divided into an A light path 20 and a B light path 21, the A light path 20 sequentially passes through a second Lens 8, a second quarter-wave plate 9, a third half-wave plate 10, a first polarizing plate 11 and a first filtering plate 12 and then is emitted into a coupling head of a first detector 13, and the B light path 21 sequentially passes through a third Lens 14, a third quarter-wave plate 15, a fourth half-wave plate 16, a second polarizing plate 17 and a second detector 18 and then is emitted into a coupling head of a second detector 19;
in the step 3, the step of,calculating the true coincidence count c of the A and B optical pathsT：
The light intensity of the laser is recorded as p, the entanglement photon pair generation rate is R, and the background attenuations of the A optical path and the B optical path are eta respectivelyA1、ηB1The deflection angles of the coupling head of the first detector and the coupling head of the second detector 19 are x1、χ2Attenuation η caused by the coupling head of the first detector and the coupling head of the second detector 19A2、ηB2Respectively as follows:
ηA2＝cos(χ1)；
ηB2＝cos(χ2)；
the coincidence gate width is T, the initial value of T is 2ns, then the true coincidence count c of two pathsTIs composed of
cT＝p·R·ηA1·ηA2·ηB1·ηB2·c；
In the above formula, c is the coincidence rate, and the calculation method is as follows:
the deflection angle of the second half-wave plate is theta1The deflection angle of the BBO crystal is theta2The deflection angle of the second quarter-wave plate in the A optical path is
Figure BDA0002148643030000051
The deflection angle of the third half-wave plate is theta3And the deflection angle of the third quarter-wave plate in the B optical path is
Figure BDA0002148643030000052
The deflection angle of the fourth half-wave plate is theta4The deflection angle of the first quarter-wave plate is delta;
then after the laser passes through the polarization beam splitter, the quantum state is | H >, and after passing through the second half-wave plate, the quantum state is:
cos2θ1|H>+sin2θ1|V>；
wherein, | H > refers to the horizontal polarization state, | V > is the vertical polarization state,
after passing through BBO crystal, the quantum state is:
Figure BDA0002148643030000061
wherein i is the unit of an imaginary number;
the measurement base expression of the A optical path is as follows:
Figure BDA0002148643030000062
the measurement base expression of the B optical path is as follows:
Figure BDA0002148643030000063
the coincidence rate c is:
Figure BDA0002148643030000064
namely:
Figure BDA0002148643030000065
total coincidence count cAComprises the following steps: c. CA＝cT+cR；
Wherein, cRCounting for random coincidence;
simulating noise in real environment, and setting single-channel count of A optical path as NA＝p·R·ηA1·ηA2Single channel count of the B optical path is NB＝p·R·ηB1·ηB2Random coincidence count cRComprises the following steps:
cR＝NA·NB·T。
the deflection angles of the third half-wave plate 10 and the fourth half-wave plate 16 and the second quarter-wave plate 9 and the third quarter-wave plate 15 can be adjusted.
To simulate a real experimental device, preferably, p is 50mw and R is 2The background attenuation value of the A optical path and the B optical path is eta at 500Hz/mwA1＝ηB1＝20％。
Further, the total coincidence count c obtained by calculationABased on data, the method can complete experiments such as interference contrast curve measurement, Bell inequality inspection, entanglement source fidelity measurement and the like.
Fixing the deflection angles of the second quarter-wave plate 9 and the third half-wave plate 10 in the optical path A, gradually increasing the deflection angle of the fourth half-wave plate 16 in the optical path B from 0 degree, recording corresponding total coincidence count, drawing an interference contrast curve by taking the deflection angle of the fourth half-wave plate 16 as an abscissa and the total coincidence count as an ordinate, and finishing the measurement of the interference contrast curve.
And respectively adjusting the deflection angles of a third half-wave plate and a fourth half-wave plate in the optical path A and the optical path B, calculating corresponding total coincidence counting, bringing the total coincidence counting into a Bell inequality formula, calculating an experimental value, realizing the Bell inequality inspection, and further proving the existence of quantum entanglement.
And respectively rotating the third half-wave plate 10 and the fourth half-wave plate 16, the second quarter-wave plate 9 and the third quarter-wave plate 15 in the A optical path and the B optical path according to the preset 16 groups of deflection angles to obtain the total coincidence count under the corresponding deflection angle groups, calculating the fidelity of the entanglement source, wherein the fidelity is generally more than 90 percent, and finally realizing the fidelity measurement of the entanglement source.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, in the present solution, an intelligent terminal such as a computer is used as a carrier for implementing the method, a quantum entanglement source virtual simulation system is used as a specific implementation solution, and the quantum entanglement source virtual simulation system further includes a video module, a menu module, and a virtual experiment module.
As shown in fig. 5, the video module is divided into two parts, which are respectively a user guidance video system and a quantum entanglement source principle demonstration animation, and the system is triggered when a user clicks a specific device for the first time after opening software, and guides the user to learn the software operation mode in a video playing mode. The quantum entanglement source principle demonstration animation is used for intuitively and vividly introducing the basic principle of quantum entanglement and an experimental inspection method for a user, and is familiar with experimental background.
As shown in FIG. 4, the menu module includes experimental items, instrumentation bars, help documents, settings, and data records. The experimental project is a quantum optical experiment based on a quantum entanglement source, and comprises Bell inequality measurement experiment, quantum entanglement state fidelity measurement experiment and the like, corresponding experimental steps are introduced in the experimental project, and experimental environments are set according to different experimental contents. The help document is an experimental teaching of the experiment and introduces the principle of the entanglement source, experimental contents and the like. Software configuration parameters such as display effect and the like can be set in the setting options. An experimental data recording table and a data processing program at the bottom layer are embedded in the data recording module, and a user can calculate and process data such as entanglement source fidelity, Bell inequality and the like.
As shown in fig. 2, after the required experiment item is selected by the menu module, the simulation of the relevant experiment is performed by the virtual experiment module, and the virtual experiment module is divided into a virtual experiment environment part, a virtual experiment instrument and a core algorithm part. The virtual experimental environment part is designed according to the real ultra clean room environment, and can be subjected to wind showering and other operations. The virtual experimental instrument can perform simulation of experiments such as interference contrast curve measurement, Bell inequality inspection, entanglement source fidelity measurement and the like according to the core algorithm shown in the step 3 and by combining corresponding experimental projects as shown in the step 1.
The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the above embodiments, and the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and any alterations, modifications, and improvements that may occur to those skilled in the art are all within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A virtual simulation method of a quantum entanglement source is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, modeling each experimental device in a quantum optical experiment based on a quantum entanglement source; the experimental device comprises a laser, an HWP half-wave plate, a PBS polarization beam splitter, a QWP quarter-wave plate, a Lens, a BBO crystal, a wedge-shaped plate, a reflecting prism, a polarizing plate, a filter plate, a collimator, a beam terminator, a single-mode optical fiber, a detector, a coincidence counter, an optical experiment table and a data processing computer;
step 2, constructing a virtual quantum optical experimental light path based on a quantum entanglement source; the experimental light path comprises a laser, a light path emitted by the laser sequentially passes through a first half-wave plate, a polarization beam splitter, a second half-wave plate, a first quarter-wave plate, a first lens and a BBO crystal and then is divided into a light path A and a light path B, the light path A sequentially passes through a second lens, a second quarter-wave plate, a third half-wave plate, a first polaroid and a first filter and then is emitted into a coupling head of a first detector, and the light path B sequentially passes through a third lens, a third quarter-wave plate, a fourth half-wave plate, a second polaroid and a second detector and then is emitted into a coupling head of a second detector;
step 3, calculating the real coincidence count c of the A optical path and the B optical pathT：
The light intensity of the laser is recorded as p, the entanglement photon pair generation rate is R, and the background attenuations of the A optical path and the B optical path are eta respectivelyA1、ηB1The deflection angles of the coupling head of the first detector and the coupling head of the second detector are X1、χ2Attenuation eta caused by the coupling head of the first detector and the coupling head of the second detectorA2、ηB2Respectively as follows:
ηA2＝cos(χ1)；
ηB2＝cos(χ2)；
the coincidence gate width is T, the initial value of T is 2ns, then the true coincidence count c of two pathsTComprises the following steps:
cT＝p·R·ηA1·ηA2·ηB1·ηB2·c；
in the above formula, c is the coincidence rate, and the calculation method is as follows:
the deflection angle of the second half-wave plate is theta1The deflection angle of the BBO crystal is theta2Polarization of the second quarter-wave plate in the A optical pathIs turned at an angle of
Figure FDA0002902626720000013
The deflection angle of the third half-wave plate is theta3And the deflection angle of the third quarter-wave plate in the B optical path is
Figure FDA0002902626720000014
The deflection angle of the fourth half-wave plate is theta4The deflection angle of the first quarter-wave plate is delta;
then the quantum state is the horizontal polarization state | H after the laser passes through the polarization beam splitter>And after passing through the second half-wave plate, the quantum state is as follows: cos2 θ1|H>+sin2θ1|V>；
Wherein, | H > is the horizontal polarization state, | V > is the vertical polarization state,
after passing through BBO crystal, the quantum state is:
Figure FDA0002902626720000011
the measurement base expression of the A optical path is as follows:
Figure FDA0002902626720000012
the measurement base expression of the B optical path is as follows:
Figure FDA0002902626720000021
the coincidence rate c is:
Figure FDA0002902626720000022
namely:
Figure FDA0002902626720000023
total coincidence count cAComprises the following steps: c. CA＝cT+cR；
Wherein, cRCounting for random coincidence;
simulating noise in real environment, and setting single-channel count of A optical path as NA＝p·R·ηA1·ηA2Single channel count of the B optical path is NB＝p·R·ηB1·ηB2Random coincidence count cRComprises the following steps:
cR＝NA·NB·T。
2. the virtual simulation method of a quantum entanglement source as recited in claim 1, wherein: p is 50mw, R is 2500Hz/mw, and background attenuation of the A and B optical paths is ηA1＝ηB1＝20％。
3. The virtual simulation method of a quantum entanglement source as recited in claim 1, wherein: and fixing the deflection angle of the second quarter-wave plate and the third half-wave plate in the optical path A, gradually increasing the deflection angle of the fourth half-wave plate in the optical path B from 0 degree, recording corresponding total coincidence count, drawing an interference contrast curve by taking the deflection angle of the fourth half-wave plate as an abscissa and the total coincidence count as an ordinate, and finishing the measurement of the interference contrast curve.
4. The virtual simulation method of a quantum entanglement source as recited in claim 1, wherein: and respectively adjusting the deflection angles of a third half-wave plate in the optical path A and a fourth half-wave plate in the optical path B, wherein the deflection angles of the third half-wave plate and the fourth half-wave plate are preset deflection angle groups, calculating corresponding total coincidence counting, bringing the total coincidence counting into a Bell inequality formula, calculating an experimental value, realizing the Bell inequality inspection, and further proving the existence of a quantum entanglement phenomenon.
5. The virtual simulation method of a quantum entanglement source as recited in claim 1, wherein: and respectively rotating a third half-wave plate in the A optical path, a fourth half-wave plate in the B optical path, a second quarter-wave plate in the A optical path and a third quarter-wave plate in the B optical path according to 16 preset deflection angles to obtain a total coincidence count under the corresponding deflection angle groups, calculating the fidelity of the entanglement source, and realizing the fidelity measurement of the entanglement source.
6. The virtual simulation method of a quantum entanglement source as recited in claim 1, wherein: the deflection angles of the third half-wave plate, the fourth half-wave plate, the second quarter-wave plate and the third quarter-wave plate can be adjusted.
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