CN110426744A - The detection method and device of stratum apparent specific resistance under a kind of state for cased well - Google Patents
The detection method and device of stratum apparent specific resistance under a kind of state for cased well Download PDFInfo
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- CN110426744A CN110426744A CN201910325893.XA CN201910325893A CN110426744A CN 110426744 A CN110426744 A CN 110426744A CN 201910325893 A CN201910325893 A CN 201910325893A CN 110426744 A CN110426744 A CN 110426744A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V3/26—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified either by the surrounding earth formation or by the detecting device
- G01V3/28—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified either by the surrounding earth formation or by the detecting device using induction coils
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of detection method and device of stratum apparent specific resistance under state for cased well, belong to geophysical well logging technology field.It is proposed the detection method and its device of stratum apparent specific resistance under novel, non-contact type, cased well state.Excitation coil including coaxial probe current source sequentially connected in the same direction, bucking coil and receiving coil, matching module and recording device from beginning to end therewith, it is characterized by: equipped with additional toroidal inductor, it has by ferromagnetic material core, receiving coil is connected by switching element, with matching module parallel connection, in the case where switching element is in close moment, it is reached for set time area set by toroidal inductor, and switching element is inscribed in the open state, be reached for carry out toroidal inductor signal measurement and locking and setting set time area.It is especially very high to the accuracy of the Resistivity testing on current oil storage stratum with the wide distinguishing feature of anti-interference detection range.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of detection method and device of stratum apparent specific resistance under state for cased well.Belong to ground
Ball physical logging technical field.
Background technique
Before the present invention makes, it is known that cased well state under the apparent Resistivity testing method in stratum have: INTECH-NEK
Method (Russian Tver, HPP GERS company), ECOS-31-7M method (Russian Pi Yajigeersike HPPGT earth object
Reason company) and EKRAN method (bright industrial geophysics company of Russian autumn).These methods be all built upon principle of uniformity it
On, the principle by Alpin L.M. professor nineteen thirty-nine propose, by Kaufman A.A. carried out development and it is perfect.
Such technology (principle) is popped one's head in using current probe and measuring electrode.
In measurement process, equipment applies electric current to casing.It is conducted up and down on tube wall to Surface electrode.Electric current
Major part (more than 99.99%) is conducted along tube wall, meanwhile, have very small part loss to stratum --- it is specific to measure this
Part current potential.
The measurement method of the technology is as follows: on steel tube wall, being distributed test point to upper and lower relative symmetry, submits from the time
Several amperes of electric current is alternately provided by galvanic electrode.Return current electrode is located at earth's surface (in canonical procedure, it should using adjacent
Nearly well head).It is being located at well head, is carrying out potentiometric detection apart from farther away N point.It is the first potential difference Δ U between current potential receiving point.
(1 meter is divided between ECOS-31-7M equipment).And the second of detection base M1NM2 (electrode N is located among electrode M1 and M2)
Potential difference d2U, this point being detected as under equipment static state are surveyed.Each point is no less than 2 measurements, that is, passes through A1 electrode and A2 electrode
Electric current is provided to tube wall.Major requirement-holding detection stationarity condition when being detected.Tube body double-current signal is remembered
The entire time cycle of record conditional cannot change.
The typical resistivity in stratum is about the 10 of steel casing resistivity8More than, so, the measurement of potential difference be receive volt
(nanovolt) and following rank (10-9V).
This method especially detects the geophysics of old oil/gas well using limited, and the detection of oil storage formation resistivity is used
In the aspect for assessing its value.
The extensive use of such technology is limited.First, it is desirable that electrode comes into full contact with well with casing wall, in old well
Be it is difficult to ensure that, downhole tubular wall integrity damage be very common.Secondly, the biography with fixed device can only be used in the wellbore
Sensor carries out point-to-point measurement, and each o'clock up to 15 minutes, log-time has been significantly greatly increased.
Probe must have can be 0 full of detection resistance rate range under grease conduction mixed liquor or dry-well state~
200 ohm meters.
So the CHFR system that U.S.'s Schlumberger uses, and ECOS-31-7M the and NEK system that Russia develops is not
Guarantee the accuracy of Resistivity testing, the accuracy of the Resistivity testing on especially current oil storage stratum.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly to avoid so that eliminate the deficiency of prior art, proposes novel, non-contact type, cased well
The detection method and its device of stratum apparent specific resistance under state.
Become mode electromagnetic field detection mode present invention uses non-coupling to realize the target.
Pulse harmonic mode becomes mode measurement with non-coupling and compares, and the difference of essence is: with pulse harmonic mode pair
The measurement of secondary electromagnetic field is to start when progress in impulse generator, and the period, the electromagnetic field of the pulse of excitation is than that will measure
Signal it is many times higher, need to do many work to make up the influence of excitation signal.Here it is CHFR and its similar devices institutes
The groundwork done, it is intended that external action, noise are very big.And when becoming excitation mode and the measurement of field picture using non-coupling, to vortex
The reception measurement of electromagnetic field is carried out in the case where excitation pulse is closed, when primary field is completely absent, in the arteries and veins that is excited
Detailed measurements are carried out during rushing induced electromagnetic field decaying.
Secondary electromagnetic field attenuation curve meets e-1 theoretical (electromagnetic induction), reflects oil storage stratum and inducts eddy current field
Decaying.The relatively preceding signal reflection of attenuation curve is the influence away from pit shaft immediate area, and later signal reflection is farther out
The influence in region.Well week space sensing model can be established on theory herein.
Non- coupling becomes the use of mode measurement method, is able to record centered on pit shaft axial direction, and surrounding formations are inducted eddy current
Electromagnetic wave.In this case, it is completely absent by the noise (signal) that excitaton source generates.Other interference are excluded in advance
(the casing zone of influence, cement and its invaded zone etc.).
Non- coupling becomes mode measurement method are as follows: excites the spiral winding of probe to connect direct current to generate excitation pulse, excites
Time reaches 150ms, and in next time interval, corresponding time zone is 200-500ms, with the helix of receiving transducer
Circle receives and records the process of field energy variation.
There are non-couplings to become the electromagnetic field that vortex generates in 0-500ms (Fig. 1) from excitation signal disappearance.
In 0~2 μ s signal that power-off starts due to the strong influence of itself transition complexity, data are not used in point
Analysis.
The induction (V) that non-coupling becomes electromagnetic field of eddy current is to be generated within the scope of 0-200ms by steel pipe eddy current effects.It counts
10 times of ground are better than the signal (V) generated by well week space stratum eddy current effects.
This technology is exactly to measure to this time-domain of 200-500ms after excitation signal cutting.
As shown in (Fig. 1), induced electromotive force EMF will be calculated according to known mode.
Magnetic dipole (carrying current coil) field tension (intensity) is as follows with coil planar magnetic square relationship:
Wherein r- is distance of the coil center to measurement point.
Multi-coil probe magnetic moment same core core field relationship is as follows:
M=μeffInS1, (2)
Wherein: μeffThe relative effective magnetic conductance rate of-core (being determined by geometric parameter and core material)；
I-probe size of current；
N-excitation probe coil quantity
S1- core cross section product
Magnetic core is made of cylindrical extraordinary electroporation steel, long l=0.2m, magnetic permeability μref=400 units, diameter d=
0.015m, i.e. λ=l/d=13.3, Effective permeability:
Core diameter 0.015m is equal to 1.810-4M2.
When probe has 500 circle coil cores, μeff=76, when probe electric current is 1A, magnetic moment M is equal to:
M=7650011.810-4=6.8 Am2；
When excitation coil is identical with dipole magnetic moment, ignore the variance analysis between their field.
M value is put into formula (1), 5 inch tube walls are obtained, the magnetic field tension with a distance from 0.07 м of tube hub point r ≈ are as follows:
H≈1500A/m.
Tube wall magnetic field tension is measured by the long probe with magnetic core specially designed, and μ value is determined by the level of exciting field.
When closing excitation pulse, the rate of decay of electromagnetic field and the form of attenuation curve depend on around tube wall and tubing string containing
The size for the eddy current that oil formation is inducted.(see Fig. 2)
Detection carries out the interval section between excitation signal pulse.Detection time is the section 0-500ms, (see Fig. 1)
Detection test demonstrates its reliability (data of the measurement data with known independent rock class model for measuring apparent specific resistance
5%) error is no more than and has very high repeatability.
This method is measured using non-coupling Electromagnetic Field method in specific time area, and well week other factors have been effectively discharged out
Influence, so that it is become very little, the apparent electricity of all (apart from the borehole axis heart) different distances of well needed for only obtaining parsing personnel
Resistance rate data.
It is detected using the method, well can be enable to carry out operation with detection device with continuous mode free of discontinuities.
After fully considering various situations, electromagnetic field tension (intensity) measuring device is developed.
The present apparatus belongs to geophysical log scope, can be used for the inspection of cased well well week stratum apparent specific resistance
It surveys.
Well-known induction logging instrument (PIK-1) is developed for measuring oil storage stratum apparent specific resistance.Cause
It can produce shielding action for steel casing, so, which is only used in open hole well.
Known take electromagnetic induction coil as the device (prototype) of basic pulsed current measurement variation, as electromagnetic coil
Basis.In the device, induced electromotive force has the relationship of direct ratio variation with the electric current for passing through indicating circuit, in this circuit
Upper load inductor carries out data acquisition.
Induced electromotive force EMF is defined as:
(4)
Wherein:U 1 - inductance coil voltage；
LThe inductance of-helical electromagnetic coils；
The pace of change that-spiral electromagnetic induction coil passes through electric current.
It is feasible that the prototype, which is used to stratum apparent specific resistance under detection open hole well state, if exciting whirlpool in the earth formation
Electric current, receiving coil will cause inductive impulse.According to the apparent resistivity data in the available stratum of faradic size.(figure
2)
When work in cased well, steel casing has shielding action to receiving coil, can reduce and be generated by formation currents
Field strength, up to 108Times or more.In this case the ability of the acquisition of useful signal is all taken due to its lower level
Certainly in the threshold range of recording device sensitivity.
The present invention is built upon under cased well state and carries out non-contact type detection technique to the apparent specific resistance on stratum.
In conclusion a kind of apparent Resistivity testing method in stratum under cased well state.Including driving pulse in the earth formation
Electromagnetic field and measurement eddy current parameter.It is characterized by:
A, the current impulse excitation electromagnetic field within a certain period of time of a different type of machines is provided by excitation coil；
B, stratum eddy current is received using the electromagnetic coil with magnetic core in the 150-500ms after excitation electromagnetic coil power-off
Non- coupling variant magnetic field induction signal；
C, the non-coupling variant magnetic field induction signal is amplified by the HI high impact energized circuit of toroidal inductor；
D, analysis of Electromagnetic attenuation curve obtains apparent specific resistance.
The induction in the non-coupling variant magnetic field is to be generated within the scope of 0-200ms by steel pipe eddy current effects, number 108
It is better than the signal generated by well week space stratum eddy current effects again.
The non-coupling variant magnetic field induction signal is to this time of 200-500ms after the current impulse cutting
Domain receives.
The present invention is the apparent specific resistance being used for the device on casing borehole measurement stratum.Its composition is as follows: coaxial same
To the excitation variable winding and bucking coil of connection probe current source, receiving coil, matching module and record from beginning to end therewith
Device.It is equipped withThere is additional toroidal inductor, has the core made of ferromagnetic material.It is connected by switching element and receives line
Circle, it is parallel with matching module.In the case where switching element is in close moment, it is reached for the set time set by toroidal inductor
Area, and switching element is inscribed in the open state is being reached for carrying out the signal measurement of toroidal inductor and locking and set
Fixed set time area.
Institute's recommendation apparatus, which compares outstanding feature, is: providing the additional annular with core made of ferromagnetic material
Inductance coil.It is connected by switching element with inductance receiving coil, and in parallel with matching module.When switching element is in and closes
It inscribes, is reached for set time area set by toroidal inductor, and switching element is inscribed in the open state, is reached for
Carry out toroidal inductor signal measurement and locking and setting set time area.
The apparent resistivity detecting device in stratum under a kind of cased well state, including coaxial sequentially connected probe electric current in the same direction
Excitation coil, bucking coil and the receiving coil in source, matching module and recording device from beginning to end therewith, feature exist
In: equipped with additional toroidal inductor, with by ferromagnetic material core, receiving coil is connected by switching element, with
With wired in parallel, in the case where switching element is in close moment, it is reached for set time area set by toroidal inductor, and is cut
Element is changed to inscribe in the open state, be reached for carry out toroidal inductor signal measurement and locking and setting fixation
Time zone.
Centralizer and lower centralizer is respectively set in the detection device upper and lower ends.
It is an advantage of the invention that the deficiency of existing detection technique is overcome, with the wide significant spy of anti-interference detection range
Point is especially very high to the accuracy of the Resistivity testing on current oil storage stratum.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing 1 is pumping signal pattern diagram of the invention.
Attached drawing 2 is measurement pattern schematic diagram of the invention.
Attached drawing 3,4 is the one the second electromagnetic field schematic diagram of the invention.
Attached drawing 5 is detection device overall structure diagram of the invention.In figure: 1- excitation coil, 2- bucking coil, 3- connect
Take-up circle, 4- probe current source, 5.6- switching element, 7- toroidal inductor, 8- ferromagnetic material core, 9- matching module,
10- recorder.
Attached drawing 6 is working condition connection schematic diagram of the invention.
Attached drawing 7 is product model machine guide's test result figure.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment
The apparent resistivity detecting device schematic diagram in stratum is shown in Fig. 3 under a kind of cased well state, includes: probe field source by with
Lower composition: probe current source 4, excitation coil 1, bucking coil 2, receiving coil 3, matching module 9 run wires to recorder
10, switching element 5,6 and toroidal inductor 7.
The apparent resistivity detecting device in stratum under a kind of cased well state, including coaxial sequentially connected probe electric current in the same direction
Excitation coil, bucking coil and the receiving coil in source, matching module and recording device from beginning to end therewith, feature exist
In: equipped with additional toroidal inductor, with by ferromagnetic material core, receiving coil is connected by switching element, with
With wired in parallel, in the case where switching element is in close moment, it is reached for set time area set by toroidal inductor, and is cut
Element is changed to inscribe in the open state, be reached for carry out toroidal inductor signal measurement and locking and setting fixation
Time zone.
Centralizer and lower centralizer is respectively set in the detection device upper and lower ends.
Device working principle is following (Fig. 3):
The effect of excitation coil is energy supply, in order to which the eddy current that well week space stratum generates reaches sufficiently high level, is made it
It is enough to be studied detection and maximum guarantee is provided.Bucking coil includes the coil of an opposite direction relative to master drive coil,
It also carries out eddy current excitation to steel set tube wall, reduces the eddy current magnetism that the master drive coil to liquidate therewith is established.Its
Magnetic line of force range is only capable of reaching steel electric conductivity tube wall edge.
Therefore, tube body eddy current has a compensatory influence.Its signal blends in reception area, and by incoming receiving coil.
Under the influence of this condition, the signal of receiving transducer is reduced, and whole depends on well week space formation resistivity (conductivity).
This valuable value signal is by relatively small (due to the shunting function of tubing string).And exceeds and be made of matching module cable and recorder
Tracer signal channel the range of sensitivity.In order to improve the rank (referring to Fig. 3) of valuable value signal, special addition is equipped with additional
It is connected by switching element with receiving coil and is merged by toroidal inductor (with the core that ferromagnetic material is made), and same
With wired in parallel.So as to obtain the signal of enough ranks in output end.Switching element is synchronously control.There are two the shapes that works for they
State (open or closure) when switching element in the on state, the induced current of receiving coil will pass through loop coil.It is opening
It opens in the period, the pulse of spontaneous induced electromotive force will be generated inside coil, amplitude is directly proportional with switching element opening speed.It closes
Under conjunction state, switching element should keep time enough, and making it is more than the time constant value of coil.And under open state, it should
It is longer than the time for receiving coil signal processing of inducting.The processing of signal depends on peak value in switching element performance range and explores extremely
Value.The essential condition (Fig. 3) of present apparatus work.The speed that switching element is opened is directly proportional with coil equal time curent change.
Opened suddenly by signal feed of the switching element device to inductance loop coil, constitute one it is excited by impact humorous
Shake circuit, and the output of inductance loop coil occurs as soon as the harmonic oscillation of amplitude decaying.
Therefore, because the additional toroidal inductor for ferromagnetic core of having arranged in pairs or groups in circuit excited by impact, so that measurement
Signal rank increases.
Loop coil is maximumlly surveyed useful signal ratio enlargement by the recording device oscillation amplitude that induct
Amount.
Experimental study proves that inducts to electromagnetic coil receives ampere levels (10-9A possibility that signal А) measures.
There are also more advantages for the use of non-coupling change mode record method, for example, can be whole with receiving coil by excitation coil
It is combined into coaxial and hybrid.Device appearance size can be reduced, this has great significance to the design of logging equipment.
Eddy current secondary magnetic field record influence value (V) is determined by it in this kind of or other class formation currents intensity.I.e. by
The specific stratum apparent specific resistance ASR that detection extends is determined.And the value of ASR can decline according to the corresponding magnetic strength induction signal of record
Subtrahend value obtains.It is guided referring to its physics.When the eddy current magnetic field of generation being excited to reach receiving transducer to record in tube wall
Between leading portion (by 139 seconds).The signal of pit shaft farther place appears in probe after 150ms.
Foundation is directly detected by media depth in the system comparative analysis to receiving transducer electromagnetic wave field attenuation curve,
Period is on the 200-300ms and the 300-500ms recording period in later period of opposite early stage.Non- coupling Electromagnetic Field attenuation curve
Property is associated as prior art with detection depth.
The value that device can carry out apparent specific resistance to pit shaft axle center radial direction measures.
It obtains depth information binding point and is located at reception solenoid module center.(Fig. 4)
Product model machine guide's test result of the method for the present invention is shown in Fig. 7.
For carrying out the measurement of non-coupling variant field in order to obtain apparent resistance rate score, carried out in test well, by not
It is constituted with rock stratum, distance is respectively as follows: 1-0.35m, 2-0.65m, 3-0.95m, and Fig. 4 institute is shown in the positioning of 4-2.35m. test point
Show.
Summarize of Algorithm is as follows: the electromagnetic induction value induced by stratum eddy current is acquired, using punching on receiving coil
It hits excitation and increases peak value.It appears on recording device, shows as voltage value, with specific record temporal binding.According to this
The apparent specific resistance that a little information converse, that is, correspond to the corresponding range points in receiving coil axle center.
It is apparent resistance rate score in Fig. 7, range is up to 2.35 meters, and all numerical value are effectively, accurately.In secondary " diverging " number
According in influence, obtaining effect of the error range within 5%.
Whereby, the device of the special method for recommending the apparent resistivity measurement in stratum and realization this method, can be same
Casing pipe object obtains effective information in the case where going out to be guided out formation resistivity parameter.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of apparent Resistivity testing method in stratum under cased well state, including driving pulse electromagnetic field and measurement in the earth formation
Eddy current parameter, it is characterised in that:
A, the current impulse excitation electromagnetic field within a certain period of time of a different type of machines is provided by excitation coil；
B, stratum eddy current is received using the electromagnetic coil with magnetic core in the 150-500ms after excitation electromagnetic coil power-off
Non- coupling variant magnetic field induction signal；
C, the non-coupling variant magnetic field induction signal is amplified by the HI high impact energized circuit of toroidal inductor；
D, analysis of Electromagnetic attenuation curve obtains apparent specific resistance.
2. the apparent Resistivity testing method in stratum under cased well state according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described is non-
The induction in coupling variant magnetic field is to be generated within the scope of 0-200ms by steel pipe eddy current effects, number 108It is better than again by well week
The signal that space stratum eddy current effects are generated.
3. the apparent Resistivity testing method in stratum under cased well state according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described is non-
Coupling variant magnetic field induction signal is received to this time-domain of 200-500ms after the current impulse cutting.
4. the apparent resistivity detecting device in stratum under a kind of cased well state, including coaxial sequentially connected probe current source in the same direction
Excitation coil, bucking coil and receiving coil, matching module and recording device from beginning to end therewith, it is characterised in that:
Receiving coil is connected by switching element with by ferromagnetic material core equipped with additional toroidal inductor, with matching mould
Block is in parallel, in the case where switching element is in close moment, is reached for set time area set by toroidal inductor, and switches member
Part is inscribed in the open state, be reached for carry out toroidal inductor signal measurement and locking and setting set time
Area.
5. the apparent resistivity detecting device in stratum under cased well state according to claim 4, it is characterized in that the inspection
It surveys device upper and lower ends and centralizer and lower centralizer is respectively set.
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