CN110426600B - Current loop correlation sampling method for detecting island effect - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an island effect detection method, and particularly relates to a current loop correlation sampling method for detecting an island effect. The method relates to a current loop related sampling device of an island effect, which comprises a protected inverter side and a power grid side, wherein the power grid side is connected with the protected inverter side in series, a switch Kn is arranged between the power grid side and the protected inverter side, the protected inverter side comprises a ring current driver, a current detection device, a trap circuit T, an inverter and equivalent impedance Zn of the inverter and a function calculator F, the ring current driver, the current detection device, the inverter and the equivalent impedance Zn of the inverter are connected in series, the trap circuit T is connected with the inverter and the equivalent impedance Zn thereof in parallel, and the function calculator F is connected with the current detection device in series; the power grid side comprises a power grid line, a power grid load line and a power grid inverter line. The invention is not influenced by the fluctuation of the voltage of the power grid and the feed current of the inverter, and is safe and convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of detecting an island effect, in particular to a current loop correlation sampling method for detecting the island effect.
Background
Due to the environmental pollution caused by the traditional petroleum and coal energy sources. Sustainable green and environment-friendly solar energy is increasingly paid more attention by countries in the world. Many centralized or distributed solar power generation systems are put into the power grid at a time. Becoming an important component of the electrical energy supply. However, this has created many new technical problems. One of which is the islanding effect. So-called islanding is the condition that after the grid side trips for various reasons, no power is lost on the line. But rather, the individual networked photovoltaic inverters continue to operate under load or one or more photovoltaic inverters operate off-grid. Therefore, a power supply island separated from the power grid is formed, and the following potential safety hazards are brought to the operation of the power grid:
1. the hidden danger of personal safety is brought to the power grid maintenance personnel.
2. The operating photovoltaic inverter may be damaged. Since the maintenance personnel have to short-circuit the line to ground before the work.
3. When reclosing, the result of closing may have more serious consequences than a short circuit, since the voltage between the island and the grid is not synchronous.
Therefore, the detection of the islanding effect in time has very important significance for the safe operation of the power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the harm caused by the island effect in the background technology, the invention discloses a current loop correlation sampling method for detecting the island effect.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the following technical solutions are provided:
a current loop related sampling method for detecting an island effect relates to a current loop related sampling device of the island effect, and comprises a protected inverter side and a power grid side, wherein the power grid side is connected with the protected inverter side in series, a switch Kn is arranged between the power grid side and the protected inverter side, the protected inverter side comprises a ring-shaped current driver, a current detection device, a trap circuit, an inverter and equivalent impedance Zn of the inverter and a function calculator F, the ring-shaped current driver, the current detection device, the inverter and the equivalent impedance Zn of the inverter are connected in series, the wave filling circuit T is connected with the inverter and the equivalent impedance Zn thereof in parallel, and the function calculator F is connected with the current detection device in series; the power grid side comprises a power grid line, an on-grid load line and an on-grid inverter line, the power grid line, the on-grid load line and the on-grid inverter line are connected in parallel, a power grid W of the power grid line is connected with a short-circuit impedance Zw of the power grid line in series, an on-grid load D of the on-grid load line is connected with an equivalent impedance Zd of the on-grid load line in series and connected with a switch Kd in series, an on-grid inverter of the on-grid inverter line is connected with an equivalent impedance Zn1 of the on-grid inverter line in series and provided with a switch Kn1, and a switch Kw is connected between the short-circuit impedance Zw and the switch Kd in series;
the current loop correlation sampling method for detecting the island effect comprises the following steps:
step one, adding a ring-shaped sampling current fc by the ring-shaped current driver, wherein the fc is a periodic function in the forms of '1' and '0';
step two, the current detection device detects a signal fa in real time, wherein the detected signal fa of the current detection device comprises a signal of a ring-shaped sampling current fc, a feed signal fn of an inverter, interference current signals fw of other equipment on a power grid line, an interference signal fd of a grid load D and an interference signal fn1 of a grid inverter;
thirdly, in order to detect the signal of the annular sampling current fc in the detected signal fa, the signal of the detected signal fa is subjected to correlated sampling by using the signal of the annular sampling current fc, the signal correlation coefficient of the signal of the annular sampling current fc in the detected signal fa and the signal correlation coefficient of the annular sampling current fc are approximately equal to 1, and the signal correlation coefficients of the interference current signal fw, the interference signal fd, the interference signal fn1 and the annular sampling current fc are approximately equal to 0, so that only the component of the annular sampling current fc exists in the output signal fo of the sampling on-off sampling function; the presence or absence of the fc signal in the output signal fa of the current detection device indicates the on/off of the main circuit switches Kw and Kn; the mathematical expression is as follows:
wherein:
t is the period of the annular sampling current fc;
fo is the output signal of the on-off sampling function;
fc (1, 0) is a sampling function of the annular sampling current fc; fc (1, 0) when the sampling function is 1
(1, 0) is a sampled function; fc (1, 0) is 0 when the sampling function of fc (1, 0) is 0;
fa is an output signal of the current detection device;
fc is the fc component in fa;
fn is a feed signal output by the protected inverter to the power grid;
fw is an interference current signal output by the power grid W;
fd is the interference current signal output by the grid load D;
fn1 is the interference current signal output by the grid inverter;
step four, judging whether Kw and Kn are closed completely; as long as one of Kw and Kn is disconnected, an island effect exists; kw and Kn are all closed, so that no island effect exists;
when the grid inverter feeds power to the grid side independently, kd and Kn1 are opened, and Kw and Kn are closed, so that the annular sampling current fc sent by the annular current driver passes through the grid side completely, and the Kn and Kw switches are closed as long as the annular sampling current fc is detected;
the function is as follows:
when other equipment is arranged in a power supply loop of the grid inverter, all switches are closed equivalently, so that the annular sampling current fc sent by the annular current driver is divided into three branches, namely a power grid line, an on-grid load line and an on-grid inverter line, and flows back from the three branches, the island effect exists as long as the annular sampling current fc is detected, and the current ratio of the three branches is as follows:
1/Zw:1/Zd:1/Zn1
wherein:
short-circuit impedance of Zw power grid W
Equivalent impedance of Zd on-grid load D
Equivalent impedance of Zn1 grid-connected inverter
Further, when the three-phase inverter works, the independent annular sampling current fc is adopted for the respective annular currents of the three phases.
Furthermore, the driving voltage of the current loop should be controlled to be in the millivolt range, and the electromagnetic radiation is in direct proportion to the 4 th power of the voltage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the current loop correlation sampling method for detecting the islanding effect is an active measurement method, is not influenced by the fluctuation of the voltage of a power grid and the feed current of an inverter, basically has no electromagnetic radiation and electromagnetic pollution to the power grid, and is a safe and reliable method for detecting the islanding effect.
2. A current loop correlation sampling method for detecting the island effect brings a safe maintenance environment for maintenance personnel.
3. A current loop correlation sampling method for detecting the island effect protects the operation of photovoltaic inversion.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of a current loop correlation sampling method for detecting the islanding effect.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention more clear and definite for those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
A current loop related sampling method for detecting an island effect relates to a current loop related sampling device for detecting the island effect, which comprises a protected inverter side 1 and a power grid side 2, wherein the power grid side 2 is connected with the protected inverter side 1 in series, a switch Kn 11 is arranged between the power grid side 2 and the protected inverter side 1, the protected inverter side 1 comprises a loop current driver 14, a current detection device 15, a trap loop 13, an inverter 122, equivalent impedance Zn121 of the inverter and a function calculator F16, the loop current driver 14, the current detection device 15, the inverter 122 and the equivalent impedance Zn121 of the inverter are connected in series, the filling loop 13 is connected with the inverter and the equivalent impedance Zn12 thereof in parallel, and the function calculator F16 is connected with the current detection device 15 in series; the grid side 2 comprises a grid line 22, a grid load line 23 and a grid inverter line 24, the grid line 22, the grid load line 23 and the grid inverter line 24 are connected in parallel, a grid W222 of the grid line 22 is connected in series with a short-circuit impedance Zw 221 thereof, a grid load D233 of the grid load line 23 is connected in series with an equivalent impedance Zd 232 thereof and is connected in series with a switch Kd 231, a grid inverter 243 of the grid inverter line 24 is connected in series with an equivalent impedance Zn1 242 thereof and is provided with a switch Kn1 241, and a switch Kw 21 is connected in series between the short-circuit impedance Zw 221 and the switch Kd 231;
the current loop correlation sampling method for detecting the island effect comprises the following steps:
step one, the annular current driver 14 adds an annular sampling current fc, which is a periodic function in the form of "1" and "0";
step two, the current detection device 15 detects a signal fa in real time, and the detected signal fa of the current detection device 15 includes a signal of a ring-shaped sampling current fc, a feed signal fn of the inverter 122, interference current signals fw of other equipment on the grid line 22, an interference signal fd of a grid load D233, and an interference signal fn1 of a grid inverter 243;
and thirdly, in order to detect the signal of the annular sampling current fc in the detected signal fa, carrying out correlated sampling on the signal of the detected signal fa by using the signal of the annular sampling current fc. The signal correlation coefficient of the signal of the annular sampling current fc in the detected signal fa and the signal of the annular sampling current fc is approximately equal to 1, and the signal correlation coefficient of the interference current signal fw, the interference signal fd, the interference signal fn1 and the annular sampling current fc is approximately equal to 0, so that only the component of the annular sampling current fc exists in the output signal fo of the sampling on-off sampling function; the presence or absence of fc signal in the output signal fa of the current detection device 14 indicates on/off of the main circuit switches Kw 21 and Kn 11; the mathematical expression is as follows:
wherein:
t is the period of the annular sampling current fc;
fo is the output signal of the on-off sampling function;
fc (1, 0) is a sampling function of the annular sampling current fc; fc (1, 0) when the sampling function is 1
(1, 0) is a sampled function; fc (1, 0) is 0 when the sampling function of fc (1, 0) is 0;
fa is an output signal of the current detection means;
fc is the fc component in fa;
fn is a feed signal output by the protected inverter to the power grid;
fw is an interference current signal output by the power grid W;
fd is the interference current signal output by the grid load D;
fn1 is the interference current signal output by the grid inverter;
step four, judging whether Kw and Kn are closed completely; if one of Kw and Kn is disconnected, an island effect exists; kw and Kn are all closed, so that no island effect exists;
when the inverter feeds power to the grid side alone, the current is equivalent to Kd and Kn1 being opened, and Kw and Kn being closed, therefore, the annular sampling current fc sent by the annular current driver 14 all passes through the grid side, and as long as the annular sampling current fc is detected, the two switches Kn and Kw are closed;
the function is as follows:
when other equipment is in the inverter power supply loop, all switches are closed, so that the annular sampling current fc sent by the annular current driver 14 is divided into three branches, namely a power grid line 22, an on-grid load line 23 and an on-grid inverter line 24, and flows back from the three branches, and the island effect exists as long as the annular sampling current fc is detected, and the current ratio of the three branches is as follows:
1/Zw:1/Zd:1/Zn1
wherein:
short-circuit impedance of Zw power grid W
Equivalent impedance of Zd on-grid load D
Equivalent impedance of Zn1 grid-connected inverter
According to a general power supply design: the grid lighting load allows a voltage drop of 5%, and the grid power load allows a voltage drop of 10%, so the sum of the internal admittances of all loads should not be greater than 1/20 to 1/10 of the grid side admittance. This means that more than 90% of the loop current fc flows through the grid. If the annular current fc can be measured, whether the line switch Kw or Kn is disconnected or not and whether an island is formed or not can be easily judged.
When the three-phase inverter works, the independent annular sampling current fc is adopted for the respective annular currents of the three phases. When the three-phase inverter works, if one phase is disconnected, serious asymmetry of three-phase voltage can be caused, and serious drift of a central point of a power grid can cause damage to equipment and the inverter in operation. Therefore, phase loss checking of the grid is very necessary. To achieve this, uncorrelated sampling functions fc are used for the respective loop currents in the three phases. Thus, it is easy to distinguish which phase is open, and the networking switch is cut off in time.
Further, the power of the current loop is reduced. The current loop is to lead loop current to a main loop of the inverter. A certain power consumption must be generated, and this problem is related to the operating economy of the inverter. In the case of ensuring a certain circulation, i.e. in the case of ensuring a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. The solution can be achieved from two aspects: 1. the impedance of the loop is reduced. The impedance of the external line cannot be changed, but only the impedance inside the frequency converter. The trap loop is arranged to solve the problem; 2. the duty cycle of the sampling signal fc is reduced, which effectively reduces the power of the current loop.
Furthermore, due to the use of a large number of frequency converters and the networking of photovoltaic inverters, not only is high-frequency electromagnetic pollution caused to the power grid, but also serious electromagnetic interference is caused to the operating electronic equipment. And meanwhile, the additional loss of the electrical equipment is increased, and the operation efficiency of the equipment is reduced. Therefore, electromagnetic radiation of electronic equipment and environmental protection of power grids become important considerations for electronic equipment. The driving voltage of the current loop should be controlled in millivolt order, and is proportional to the 4 th power of the voltage according to the electromagnetic radiation. And therefore it generates very little electromagnetic radiation. The driving voltage of millivolt level does not cause any distortion to the network voltage. This method is also very safe in this respect.
The current loop correlation sampling method is used for detecting the island effect and is an active measurement method. The method is not influenced by the fluctuation of the voltage of the power grid and the feed current of the inverter, basically has no electromagnetic radiation and electromagnetic pollution to the power grid, and is a safe and reliable method for detecting the islanding effect
While the invention has been described with respect to the specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes, omissions and deviations in the form and detail thereof may be made without departing from the scope of this invention.
Claims (3)
1. A current loop correlation sampling method for detecting an island effect is characterized in that: the method relates to a current loop related sampling device of an island effect, which comprises a protected inverter side and a power grid side, wherein the power grid side is connected with the protected inverter side in series, a switch Kn is arranged between the power grid side and the protected inverter side, the protected inverter side comprises a ring current driver, a current detection device, a trap loop T, an inverter and equivalent impedance Zn of the inverter and a function calculator F, the equivalent impedance Zn of the ring current driver, the current detection device, the inverter and the inverter are connected in series, the trap loop T is connected with the inverter and the equivalent impedance Zn thereof in parallel, and the function calculator F is connected with the current detection device in series; the power grid side comprises a power grid line, an on-grid load line and an on-grid inverter line, the power grid line, the on-grid load line and the on-grid inverter line are connected in parallel, a power grid W of the power grid line is connected with a short-circuit impedance Zw thereof in series and connected with a switch Kw in series, an on-grid load D of the on-grid load line is connected with an equivalent impedance Zd thereof in series and connected with a switch Kd in series, and an on-grid inverter of the on-grid inverter line is connected with an equivalent impedance Zn1 thereof in series and connected with a switch Kn1 in series;
the current loop correlation sampling method for detecting the island effect comprises the following steps:
step one, adding a ring-shaped sampling current fc by the ring-shaped current driver, wherein the fc is a periodic function in the forms of '1' and '0';
step two, the current detection device detects a signal fa in real time, wherein the detected signal fa of the current detection device comprises a signal of a ring-shaped sampling current fc, a feed signal fn of an inverter, interference current signals fw of other equipment on a power grid line, an interference signal fd of a grid load D and an interference signal fn1 of a grid inverter;
thirdly, in order to detect the signal of the annular sampling current fc in the detected signal fa, the signal of the detected signal fa is subjected to correlated sampling by using the added signal of the annular sampling current fc, the signal correlation coefficient of the signal of the annular sampling current fc in the detected signal fa and the added signal correlation coefficient of the annular sampling current fc are approximately equal to 1, and the signal correlation coefficients of the interference current signal fw, the interference signal fd, the interference signal fn1 and the added annular sampling current fc are approximately equal to 0, so that only the component of the annular sampling current fc exists in the output signal fo of the sampling on-off sampling function; the presence or absence of the fc signal in the output signal fa of the current detection device indicates the on/off of the main circuit switches Kw and Kn; the mathematical expression is as follows:
wherein:
t is the period of the added annular sampling current fc;
fo is the output signal of the sampling on-off sampling function;
fc (1, 0) is a sampling function of the annular sampling current fc; fc (1, 0) takes a value of 1 or 0;
fa is an output signal of the current detection device;
fc is the ring-shaped sampling current in the detection signal fa;
fn is a feed signal output by the protected inverter to the power grid;
fw is an interference current signal on the power grid line;
fd is an interference signal of the on-grid load D;
fn1 is an interference signal of the on-grid inverter;
step four, judging whether Kw and Kn are closed completely; as long as one of Kw and Kn is disconnected, an island effect exists; kw and Kn are all closed, so that no island effect exists;
when the inverter feeds power to the power grid line independently, the circuit corresponds to Kd and Kn1 being opened, and Kw and Kn being closed, therefore, the annular sampling current fc sent by the annular current driver passes through the power grid line completely, and the two switches Kn and Kw are closed as long as the annular sampling current fc in the signal fa is detected;
the function is as follows:
when other equipment is arranged in the inverter power supply loop, all switches are closed, so that the annular sampling current fc sent by the annular current driver is divided into three branches, namely a power grid line, an on-grid load line and an on-grid inverter line, and flows back from the three branches, and the island effect does not exist as long as the annular sampling current fc in the signal fa is detected, and the current ratio of the three branches is as follows:
1/Zw:1/Zd:1/Zn1
wherein:
zw is the short-circuit impedance of the power grid W;
zd is the equivalent impedance of the on-grid load D;
zn1 is the equivalent impedance of the grid-connected inverter.
2. The current loop correlation sampling method for detecting the islanding effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the three-phase inverter works, the independent annular sampling current fc is adopted for the respective annular currents of the three phases.
3. The current loop correlation sampling method for detecting the islanding effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving voltage of the circular sampling current fc should be controlled to the order of millivolts.
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