CN110426350A - The quantitative approach and system of maceral composition in a kind of rock - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明关于能源勘探技术领域，特别是关于常规与非常规油气的勘探技术，具体的讲是一种岩石中显微组分组成的定量方法以及系统。The present invention relates to the technical field of energy exploration, in particular to conventional and unconventional oil and gas exploration technologies, and specifically to a quantitative method and system for the composition of microscopic components in rocks.
背景技术Background technique
在光学显微镜下可识别的有机成分称为显微组分，它们主要来源于古生物组织、器官的残余及其热演化产物。烃源岩中显微组分的组成奠定了油气生成的物质基础，决定了生成烃类的性质和数量，是油气勘探领域重要的地球化学参数。通常，采用光学显微镜观察沉积有机物的结构和光学特征，建立各显微组分的鉴定标志，进而定量沉积物中的显微组分组成。The organic components that can be identified under the optical microscope are called microcomponents, and they are mainly derived from the remnants of paleontological tissues and organs and their thermal evolution products. The composition of microscopic components in source rocks lays the material basis for oil and gas generation, determines the nature and quantity of generated hydrocarbons, and is an important geochemical parameter in the field of oil and gas exploration. Usually, an optical microscope is used to observe the structure and optical characteristics of the deposited organic matter, to establish the identification marks of each microscopic component, and then to quantify the composition of the microscopic components in the sediment.
尽管显微组分的分类体系和分类方案存在差异，但是经历几十年的发展，国际有机岩石学界已经就显微组分的基本分类体系达成了一致方案。基于此分类方案，显微组分的定量统计得以实现。通常，显微组分定量统计得到的烃源岩分散有机质的体积(DOM)和总有机碳(TOC)之间大致符合这样的关系式：TOC＝DOM×0.5×n(n取值60～90％)(Smyth etal.,1984)。类似TOC，这一参数也可以用于定量表征烃源岩中有机质丰度。尤其值得注意的是，各个单一显微组分的定量可以用于准确的了解烃源岩中有机质的物质组成，明确烃源岩倾油气性，为油气勘探提供基础数据。Although there are differences in the classification system and classification scheme of microcomponents, after decades of development, the international organic petrology community has reached a consensus on the basic classification system of microcomponents. Based on this classification scheme, quantitative statistics of microscopic components are realized. Usually, the volume of dispersed organic matter (DOM) and total organic carbon (TOC) of source rocks obtained by quantitative statistics of microscopic components roughly conform to the following relationship: TOC=DOM×0.5×n (n ranges from 60 to 90 %) (Smyth et al., 1984). Similar to TOC, this parameter can also be used to quantitatively characterize the abundance of organic matter in source rocks. It is especially worth noting that the quantification of each single microscopic component can be used to accurately understand the material composition of organic matter in source rocks, clarify the oil-gas properties of source rocks, and provide basic data for oil and gas exploration.
由此可见，显微组分观察是一项“眼见为实”的油气地球化学分析测试技术，其定量是油气地质勘探中非常重要的一项基础研究工作。现有技术中显微组分组成定量常用的方法主要包括：It can be seen that the observation of microscopic components is a "seeing is believing" oil and gas geochemical analysis and testing technology, and its quantification is a very important basic research work in oil and gas geological exploration. The commonly used methods for quantification of microcomponent composition in the prior art mainly include:
(1)目估法。目估法是研究人员根据自身经验，肉眼估算各显微组分占岩石总体积的比例。该技术依赖于研究人员的经验，具有较强的主观性，误差较大，可重复性较低。(1) Visual estimation method. The visual estimation method is to estimate the proportion of each microscopic component to the total volume of the rock by naked eyes based on the researchers' own experience. This technique relies on the experience of researchers, has strong subjectivity, large error and low repeatability.
(2)数点法。数点法是以固定的点距和线距移动，统计目镜十字丝交点下的显微组分，一般至少统计500个点。一般来说，以最大粒径(dmax)的一半来作为点距和线距：d＝1/2dmax。该种方法工作量较大，难以统计细小或者丝状有机质的含量，可重复性一般，存在一定误差。(2) Counting method. The counting method is to move with a fixed point and line distance to count the microscopic components under the intersection of the eyepiece crosshairs. Generally, at least 500 points are counted. Generally speaking, half of the maximum particle diameter (d max ) is used as the point and line distance: d=1/2d max . This method has a large workload, it is difficult to count the content of fine or filamentous organic matter, the repeatability is average, and there is a certain error.
因此，如何提供一种新的定量显微组分组成的方案是本领域亟待解决的技术难题。Therefore, how to provide a new solution for quantitative composition of microscopic components is a technical problem to be solved urgently in this field.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明实施例提供了一种岩石中显微组分组成的定量方法以及系统，是针对地学领域有机岩石学中显微组分组成的定量技术，实现了对有机岩石学显微组分组成定量过程，并增强了实用性。In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a quantitative method and system for the composition of microscopic components in rocks, which is a quantitative technique for the composition of microscopic components in organic petrology in the field of geosciences, and realizes the analysis of microscopic components in organic petrology. The components make up the quantitative process and enhance the practicality.
本发明的目的之一是，提供一种岩石中显微组分组成的定量系统，包括光学显微镜、图像获取装置以及图像处理装置；One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a quantitative system for the composition of microscopic components in rocks, including an optical microscope, an image acquisition device and an image processing device;
其中，所述图像获取装置，用于获取所述光学显微镜下一光片的多个图像信息，所述光片来自一岩石；Wherein, the image acquisition device is used to acquire a plurality of image information of a light slice under the optical microscope, and the light slice is from a rock;
所述图像处理装置，用于根据所述图像信息确定显微组分在所述岩石的总体积中所占的比例值。The image processing device is used to determine the proportion value of the microscopic component in the total volume of the rock according to the image information.
优选的，所述图像获取装置包括：Preferably, the image acquisition device includes:
初始点距获取模块，用于获取预先设定的初始点距；An initial point distance acquisition module, configured to obtain a preset initial point distance;
步长确定模块，用于根据所述图像信息确定步长；a step size determination module, configured to determine the step size according to the image information;
图像确定模块，用于根据所述初始点距结合所述步长确定所述光学显微镜下所述光片的多个影像信息。An image determining module, configured to determine a plurality of image information of the light sheet under the optical microscope according to the initial point distance and the step size.
优选的，所述步长确定模块包括：Preferably, the step size determination module includes:
最大颗粒确定模块，用于从所述光片中确定出最大颗粒；a largest particle determination module, configured to determine the largest particle from the light sheet;
粒径确定模块，用于确定所述最大颗粒的粒径；a particle size determination module, configured to determine the particle size of the largest particle;
步长计算模块，用于根据所述最大颗粒的粒径计算步长。The step size calculation module is used to calculate the step size according to the particle size of the largest particle.
优选的，所述图像确定模块包括：Preferably, the image determination module includes:
图像个数获取模块，用于获取预先设定的图像个数n+1；The number of images acquisition module is used to acquire a preset number of images n+1;
点距移动模块，用于根据所述步长将所述初始点距进行移动，得到移动后的n个图像；A dot pitch moving module, configured to move the initial dot pitch according to the step size to obtain n images after the movement;
图像获取模块，用于根据所述初始点距以及移动后的视域获取所述光片的图像信息。An image acquisition module, configured to acquire the image information of the light sheet according to the initial point distance and the moved field of view.
优选的，图像处理装置包括：Preferably, the image processing device includes:
图像信息面积圈定模块，用于圈定每个图像信息的面积；The image information area delineation module is used to delineate the area of each image information;
显微组分面积确定模块，用于根据所述图像信息中的多个显微组分的颜色以及预先设定的容差圈定所述显微组分的面积；A microcomponent area determination module, configured to delineate the area of the microcomponent according to the colors of the multiple microcomponents in the image information and a preset tolerance;
比例值确定模块，用于根据所述图像信息的面积以及所述显微组分的面积确定所述显微组分在岩石总体积中所占的比例值。A proportion value determining module, configured to determine the proportion value of the microscopic component in the total rock volume according to the area of the image information and the area of the microscopic component.
本发明的目的之一是，提供一种岩石中显微组分组成的定量方法，包括：One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a quantitative method for the composition of microscopic components in rocks, including:
图像获取装置获取光学显微镜下一光片的多个图像信息，所述光片来自一岩石；The image acquisition device acquires a plurality of image information of light slices under the optical microscope, and the light slices are from a rock;
图像处理装置根据所述图像信息确定显微组分在所述岩石的总体积中所占的比例值。The image processing device determines the proportion value of the microscopic component in the total volume of the rock according to the image information.
优选的，图像获取装置获取光学显微镜下一光片的多个图像信息包括：Preferably, the image acquisition device acquires a plurality of image information of the light sheet under the optical microscope including:
图像获取装置获取预先设定的初始点距；The image acquisition device acquires a preset initial dot pitch;
根据所述图像信息确定步长；determining the step size according to the image information;
根据所述初始点距结合所述步长确定所述光学显微镜下所述光片的多个影像信息。A plurality of image information of the light sheet under the optical microscope is determined according to the initial point distance and the step length.
优选的，根据所述图像信息确定步长包括：Preferably, determining the step size according to the image information includes:
从所述光片中确定出最大颗粒；determining the largest particle from the light sheet;
确定所述最大颗粒的粒径；determining the particle size of said largest particle;
根据所述最大颗粒的粒径计算步长。The step size is calculated according to the particle size of the largest particle.
优选的，根据所述初始点距结合所述步长确定所述光学显微镜下所述光片的多个影像信息包括：Preferably, determining a plurality of image information of the light sheet under the optical microscope according to the initial point distance combined with the step size includes:
获取预先设定的图像个数n+1；Obtain the preset number of images n+1;
根据所述步长将所述初始点距进行移动，得到移动后的n个视域；moving the initial point distance according to the step size to obtain n sight areas after the movement;
根据所述初始点距以及移动后的视域获取所述光片的图像信息。The image information of the light sheet is acquired according to the initial point distance and the moved field of view.
优选的，图像处理装置根据所述图像信息确定显微组分在所述岩石的总体积中所占的比例值包括：Preferably, the image processing device determines the proportion value of the microscopic component in the total volume of the rock according to the image information including:
图像处理装置圈定每个图像信息的面积；The image processing device delineates the area of each image information;
根据所述图像信息中的多个显微组分的颜色以及预先设定的容差圈定所述显微组分的面积；Confining the area of the microscopic components according to the colors of the multiple microscopic components in the image information and a preset tolerance;
根据所述图像信息的面积以及所述显微组分的面积确定所述显微组分在岩石总体积中所占的比例值。The proportion value of the microscopic component in the total rock volume is determined according to the area of the image information and the area of the microscopic component.
本发明的有益效果在于，提供了一种岩石中显微组分组成的定量方法以及系统，是针对地学领域有机岩石学中显微组分组成的定量技术，实现了对有机岩石学显微组分组成定量过程，并增强了实用性，解决了现有技术中的目估法以及数点法存在的误差问题。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that it provides a quantitative method and system for the composition of microscopic components in rocks. The grouping constitutes a quantitative process, enhances the practicability, and solves the error problems existing in the visual estimation method and the counting method in the prior art.
为让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施例，并配合所附图式，作详细说明如下。In order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments will be described in detail below together with the accompanying drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种岩石中显微组分组成的定量系统的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantitative system for microcomponent composition in a rock provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种岩石中显微组分组成的定量系统中图像获取装置的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an image acquisition device in a quantitative system for the composition of microscopic components in rocks provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种岩石中显微组分组成的定量系统中步长确定模块的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a step size determination module in a quantitative system for composition of microscopic components in rocks provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种岩石中显微组分组成的定量系统中图像确定模块的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an image determination module in a quantitative system for composition of microscopic components in rocks provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例提供的一种岩石中显微组分组成的定量系统中图像处理装置的结构示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an image processing device in a quantitative system for the composition of microscopic components in rocks provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例提供的一种岩石中显微组分组成的定量方法的流程图；Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a quantitative method for the composition of microscopic components in rocks provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图7为图6中的步骤S101的具体流程图；FIG. 7 is a specific flowchart of step S101 in FIG. 6;
图8为图7中的步骤S202的具体流程图；FIG. 8 is a specific flowchart of step S202 in FIG. 7;
图9为图7中的步骤S203的具体流程图；FIG. 9 is a specific flowchart of step S203 in FIG. 7;
图10为图6中的步骤S102的具体流程图；FIG. 10 is a specific flowchart of step S102 in FIG. 6;
图11为本发明提供的具体实施例中的五峰组-龙马溪组页岩原始显微组分照片示意图；Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the photo of the original microscopic composition of the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation shale in the specific example provided by the present invention;
图12为本发明提供的具体实施例中显微组分笔石表皮体G(虚线处)的示意图；Fig. 12 is the schematic diagram of the microscopic component graptolite epidermis G (dotted line) in the specific embodiment provided by the present invention;
图13为本发明提供的具体实施例中的显微组分固体沥青B(虚线处)的示意图。Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the microcomponent solid pitch B (dotted line) in the specific embodiment provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本领域技术人员知道，本发明的实施方式可以实现为一种系统、装置、方法或计算机程序产品。因此，本发明公开可以具体实现为以下形式，即：完全的硬件、完全的软件(包括固件、驻留软件、微代码等)，或者硬件和软件结合的形式。Those skilled in the art know that the embodiments of the present invention can be realized as a system, device, method or computer program product. Therefore, the disclosure of the present invention can be embodied in the form of complete hardware, complete software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.
下面参考本发明的若干代表性实施方式，详细阐释本发明的原理和精神。The principle and spirit of the present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments of the present invention.
为了解决了现有技术中的目估法以及数点法存在的误差问题并增强实用性，本发明提出了一种定量岩石中显微组分组成的新方案。图1为本发明实施例提供的一种岩石中显微组分组成的定量系统的结构示意图，请参见图1，所述岩石中显微组分组成的定量系统包括光学显微镜100、图像获取装置200以及图像处理装置300；In order to solve the error problem existing in the visual estimation method and counting method in the prior art and enhance the practicability, the present invention proposes a new scheme for quantifying the composition of microscopic components in rocks. Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantitative system for the composition of microscopic components in rocks provided by an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 1, the quantitative system for the composition of microscopic components in rocks includes an optical microscope 100 and an image acquisition device 200 and an image processing device 300;
其中，所述图像获取装置200，用于获取所述光学显微镜下一光片的多个图像信息，所述光片来自一岩石；Wherein, the image acquisition device 200 is used to acquire a plurality of image information of a light slice under the optical microscope, and the light slice is from a rock;
所述图像处理装置300，用于根据所述图像信息确定显微组分在所述岩石的总体积中所占的比例值。The image processing device 300 is configured to determine the proportion value of the microscopic component in the total volume of the rock according to the image information.
图2为本发明提供的一种实施方式中图像获取装置200的结构示意图，请参见图2，所述图像获取装置200包括：FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an image acquisition device 200 in an implementation manner provided by the present invention. Please refer to FIG. 2. The image acquisition device 200 includes:
初始点距获取模块201，用于获取预先设定的初始点距；An initial point distance acquisition module 201, configured to obtain a preset initial point distance;
步长确定模块202，用于根据所述图像信息确定步长。图3为步长确定模块202的结构示意图，请参阅图3，该步长确定模块202包括：A step size determining module 202, configured to determine a step size according to the image information. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the step size determination module 202, please refer to Fig. 3, the step size determination module 202 includes:
最大颗粒确定模块2021，用于从所述光片中确定出最大颗粒；The largest particle determination module 2021, configured to determine the largest particle from the light sheet;
粒径确定模块2022，用于确定所述最大颗粒的粒径；A particle size determination module 2022, configured to determine the particle size of the largest particle;
步长计算模块2023，用于根据所述最大颗粒的粒径计算步长。A step size calculation module 2023, configured to calculate the step size according to the particle size of the largest particle.
也即，将光片置于光学显微镜下，对整个光片进行观察，找到最大颗粒的粒径，记为dmax。在本发明的一种实施方式中，将最大粒径的一半作为步长，即步长d＝1/2dmax。That is, place the light sheet under an optical microscope and observe the entire light sheet to find the particle size of the largest particle, which is recorded as d max . In one embodiment of the present invention, half of the maximum particle diameter is used as the step size, that is, the step size d=1/2d max .
请参阅图2，所述图像获取装置200还包括：Referring to Fig. 2, the image acquisition device 200 also includes:
图像确定模块203，用于根据所述初始点距结合所述步长确定所述光学显微镜下所述光片的多个影像信息。图4为图像确定模块203的结构示意图，请参阅图4，该图像确定模块203包括：The image determination module 203 is configured to determine a plurality of image information of the light sheet under the optical microscope according to the initial point distance and the step size. Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the image determination module 203, please refer to Fig. 4, the image determination module 203 includes:
图像个数获取模块2031，用于获取预先设定的图像个数n+1。在本发明中，图像个数应该大于50。在本发明的一个实施例中，图像个数诸如为60。The image number acquisition module 2031 is used to acquire a preset image number n+1. In the present invention, the number of images should be greater than 50. In an embodiment of the present invention, the number of images is, for example, 60.
点距移动模块2032，用于根据所述步长将所述初始点距进行移动，得到移动后的n个视域。在本发明的一种实施方式中，以初始点距为基础点，每移动一个步长作为移动后的1个视域，如此可以得到移动后的n个视域。The dot pitch moving module 2032 is configured to move the initial dot pitch according to the step length to obtain n view fields after shifting. In one embodiment of the present invention, the initial point distance is used as the base point, and each moving step is regarded as one viewing area after moving, so that n viewing areas after moving can be obtained.
图像获取模块2033，用于根据所述初始点距以及移动后的视域获取所述光片的图像信息。在本发明的一种实施方式中，将每个视域固定，对光学显微镜下的视域进行拍照，覆盖整个光片，可拍摄得到n+1个图像信息。具体的，诸如在本发明的一个实施例中，首先固定初始点距，对光学显微镜下的视域进行拍照，可拍摄得到1个图像信息。此后以初始点距为基础点，每移动一个步长得到一个移动后的视域，再将移动后的视域固定，对视域进行拍照，覆盖整个光片，拍摄的照片数为n+1个。The image acquisition module 2033 is configured to acquire the image information of the light sheet according to the initial point distance and the moved field of view. In one embodiment of the present invention, each field of view is fixed, and the field of view under the optical microscope is photographed to cover the entire light sheet, and n+1 pieces of image information can be obtained by shooting. Specifically, such as in one embodiment of the present invention, firstly, the initial point distance is fixed, and the field of view under the optical microscope is photographed, and one piece of image information can be obtained by photographing. Afterwards, based on the initial point distance, a moved field of view is obtained every time a step is moved, and then the moved field of view is fixed, and the field of view is photographed to cover the entire light sheet. The number of photos taken is n+1 indivual.
图5为本发明实施例提供的一种岩石中显微组分组成的定量系统中图像处理装置的结构示意图，请参阅图5，图像处理装置300包括：Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an image processing device in a quantitative system for the composition of microscopic components in rocks provided by an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Fig. 5 , the image processing device 300 includes:
图像信息面积圈定模块301，用于圈定每个图像信息的面积。圈定每一个图像信息的面积记为S，那么，所有图像信息的总面积记为(n+1)S。The image information area delineation module 301 is used to delineate the area of each image information. The area enclosing each image information is denoted as S, then the total area of all image information is denoted as (n+1)S.
显微组分面积确定模块302，用于根据所述图像信息中的多个显微组分的颜色以及预先设定的容差圈定所述显微组分的面积。在本发明的一种实施方式中，由于每个图像信息中各显微组分的灰度不同，因此可以根据显微组分A的颜色，选取合适的容差，如：在图像信息i中(i＝1～n+1)点击显微组分A即可圈取该部分的面积，记为Ai，依此类推，可以圈定其它显微组分的面积，后续可分别计算各显微组分在所有图像信息中的总面积。The microcomponent area determination module 302 is configured to delineate the area of the microcomponent according to the colors of the multiple microcomponents in the image information and a preset tolerance. In one embodiment of the present invention, since the grayscale of each microscopic component in each image information is different, an appropriate tolerance can be selected according to the color of microscopic component A, such as: in image information i (i=1～n+1) Click on the microscopic component A to circle the area of this part, which is recorded as A i , and so on, you can delineate the area of other microscopic components, and then calculate the area of each microscopic component respectively. The total area of the component in all image information.
比例值确定模块303，用于根据所述图像信息的面积以及所述显微组分的面积确定所述显微组分在岩石总体积中所占的比例值。The proportion value determining module 303 is configured to determine the proportion value of the microscopic component in the total rock volume according to the area of the image information and the area of the microscopic component.
在本发明的一种实施方式中，显微组分A在岩石总体积中所占的比例可按照下述公式进行：In one embodiment of the present invention, the proportion of microcomponent A in the total rock volume can be carried out according to the following formula:
依此类推，可计算其它显微组分占岩石总体积的比例。By analogy, the proportion of other microscopic components to the total rock volume can be calculated.
如上即为本发明提供的一种岩石中显微组分组成的定量系统，是针对地学领域有机岩石学中显微组分组成的定量技术，实现了对有机岩石学显微组分组成定量过程，并增强了实用性，解决了现有技术中的目估法以及数点法存在的误差问题。The above is a quantitative system for the composition of microcomponents in rocks provided by the present invention, which is a quantitative technology for the composition of microcomponents in organic petrology in the field of geosciences, and realizes the quantitative process of microcomponents in organic petrology. , and enhance the practicability, and solve the error problem existing in the visual estimation method and the counting method in the prior art.
此外，尽管在上文详细描述中提及了系统的若干单元模块，但是这种划分仅仅并非强制性的。实际上，根据本发明的实施方式，上文描述的两个或更多单元的特征和功能可以在一个单元中具体化。同样，上文描述的一个单元的特征和功能也可以进一步划分为由多个单元来具体化。以上所使用的术语“模块”和“单元”，可以是实现预定功能的软件和/或硬件。尽管以下实施例所描述的模块较佳地以软件来实现，但是硬件，或者软件和硬件的组合的实现也是可能并被构想的。Furthermore, although several unit modules of the system have been mentioned in the above detailed description, this division is merely not mandatory. Actually, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the features and functions of two or more units described above may be embodied in one unit. Likewise, the features and functions of one unit described above can also be further divided to be embodied by a plurality of units. The terms "module" and "unit" used above may be software and/or hardware that realize predetermined functions. Although the modules described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, implementations in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware are also possible and contemplated.
在介绍了本发明示例性实施方式的岩石中显微组分组成的定量系统之后，接下来，参考附图对本发明示例性实施方式的方法进行介绍。该方法的实施可以参见上述整体的实施，重复之处不再赘述。After introducing the quantitative system of the composition of the microcomponents in rock according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, next, the method of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. For the implementation of this method, reference may be made to the above overall implementation, and repeated descriptions will not be repeated.
为了解决了现有技术中的目估法以及数点法存在的误差问题并增强实用性，本发明提出了一种定量岩石中显微组分组成的新方案。图6为本发明实施例提供的一种岩石中显微组分组成的定量方法的流程图，请参见图6，所述岩石中显微组分组成的定量方法包括：In order to solve the error problem existing in the visual estimation method and counting method in the prior art and enhance the practicability, the present invention proposes a new scheme for quantifying the composition of microscopic components in rocks. Fig. 6 is a flow chart of a quantitative method for the composition of microscopic components in rocks provided by an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Fig. 6, the quantitative method for the composition of microscopic components in rocks includes:
S101：获取所光学显微镜下一光片的多个图像信息，所述光片来自一岩石；S101: Obtain multiple image information of light slices under the optical microscope, where the light slices come from a rock;
S102：根据所述图像信息确定显微组分在所述岩石的总体积中所占的比例值。S102: Determine, according to the image information, the proportion value of the microcomponents in the total volume of the rock.
图7为步骤S101的具体流程图，请参见图7，步骤S101包括：Fig. 7 is a specific flowchart of step S101, please refer to Fig. 7, step S101 includes:
S201：获取预先设定的初始点距；S201: Obtain a preset initial dot pitch;
S202：根据所述图像信息确定步长。S202: Determine a step size according to the image information.
图8为步骤S202的具体流程图，请参阅图8，该步骤S202包括：Figure 8 is a specific flowchart of step S202, please refer to Figure 8, the step S202 includes:
S301：从所述光片中确定出最大颗粒；S301: Determine the largest particle from the light sheet;
S302：确定所述最大颗粒的粒径；S302: Determine the particle size of the largest particle;
S303：根据所述最大颗粒的粒径计算步长。S303: Calculate the step size according to the particle diameter of the largest particle.
也即，将光片置于光学显微镜下，对整个光片进行观察，找到最大颗粒的粒径，记为dmax。在本发明的一种实施方式中，将最大粒径的一半作为步长，即步长d＝1/2dmax。That is, place the light sheet under an optical microscope and observe the entire light sheet to find the particle size of the largest particle, which is recorded as d max . In one embodiment of the present invention, half of the maximum particle diameter is used as the step size, that is, the step size d=1/2d max .
请参阅图7，步骤S101还包括：Referring to Fig. 7, step S101 also includes:
S203：根据所述初始点距结合所述步长确定所述光学显微镜下所述光片的多个影像信息。图9为步骤S203的具体流程图，请参阅图9，该步骤S203包括：S203: Determine a plurality of image information of the light sheet under the optical microscope according to the initial point distance and the step size. Fig. 9 is a specific flowchart of step S203, please refer to Fig. 9, this step S203 includes:
S401：获取预先设定的图像个数n+1。在本发明中，图像个数应该大于50。在本发明的一个实施例中，图像个数诸如为60。S401: Acquire a preset number of images n+1. In the present invention, the number of images should be greater than 50. In an embodiment of the present invention, the number of images is, for example, 60.
S402：根据所述步长将所述初始点距进行移动，得到移动后的n个视域。在本发明的一种实施方式中，以初始点距为基础点，每移动一个步长作为移动后的1个视域，如此可以得到移动后的n个视域。S402: Move the initial point distance according to the step size to obtain n view fields after moving. In one embodiment of the present invention, the initial point distance is used as the base point, and each moving step is regarded as one viewing area after moving, so that n viewing areas after moving can be obtained.
S403：根据所述初始点距以及移动后的视域获取所述光片的图像信息。在本发明的一种实施方式中，将每个视域固定，对光学显微镜下的视域进行拍照，覆盖整个光片，可拍摄得到n+1个图像信息。具体的，诸如在本发明的一个实施例中，首先固定初始点距，对光学显微镜下的视域进行拍照，覆盖整个光片，可拍摄得到1个图像信息。此后以初始点距为基础点，每移动一个步长得到一个移动后的视域，再将移动后的视域固定，对视域进行拍照，覆盖整个光片，拍摄的照片数为n个。S403: Acquire the image information of the light sheet according to the initial point distance and the moved field of view. In one embodiment of the present invention, each field of view is fixed, and the field of view under the optical microscope is photographed to cover the entire light sheet, and n+1 pieces of image information can be obtained by shooting. Specifically, such as in one embodiment of the present invention, firstly, the initial point distance is fixed, and the field of view under the optical microscope is photographed to cover the entire light sheet, and one image information can be obtained by photographing. Afterwards, based on the initial point distance, a moved field of view is obtained every time a step is moved, and then the moved field of view is fixed, and the field of view is photographed to cover the entire light sheet. The number of photos taken is n.
图10为步骤S102的具体流程图，请参阅图10，步骤S102包括：Figure 10 is a specific flowchart of step S102, please refer to Figure 10, step S102 includes:
S501：圈定每个图像信息的面积。圈定每一个图像信息的面积记为S，那么，所有图像信息的总面积记为(n+1)S。S501: Delineate the area of each image information. The area enclosing each image information is denoted as S, then the total area of all image information is denoted as (n+1)S.
S502：根据所述图像信息中的多个显微组分的颜色以及预先设定的容差圈定所述显微组分的面积。在本发明的一种实施方式中，由于每个图像信息中各显微组分的灰度不同，因此可以根据显微组分A的颜色，选取合适的容差，如：在图像信息i中(i＝1～n+1)点击显微组分A即可圈取该部分的面积，记为Ai，依此类推，可以圈定其它显微组分的面积，后续可分别计算各显微组分在所有图像信息中的总面积。S502: Delineate the area of the microscopic components according to the colors of the multiple microscopic components in the image information and a preset tolerance. In one embodiment of the present invention, since the grayscale of each microscopic component in each image information is different, an appropriate tolerance can be selected according to the color of microscopic component A, such as: in image information i (i=1～n+1) Click on the microscopic component A to circle the area of this part, which is recorded as A i , and so on, you can delineate the area of other microscopic components, and then calculate the area of each microscopic component respectively. The total area of the component in all image information.
S503：根据所述图像信息的面积以及所述显微组分的面积确定所述显微组分在岩石总体积中所占的比例值。S503: Determine the proportion value of the microscopic component in the total rock volume according to the area of the image information and the area of the microscopic component.
在本发明的一种实施方式中，显微组分A在岩石总体积中所占的比例可按照下述公式进行：In one embodiment of the present invention, the proportion of microcomponent A in the total rock volume can be carried out according to the following formula:
依此类推，可计算其它显微组分占岩石总体积的比例。By analogy, the proportion of other microscopic components to the total rock volume can be calculated.
如上即为本发明提供的一种岩石中显微组分组成的定量方法，是针对地学领域有机岩石学中显微组分组成的定量技术，实现了对有机岩石学显微组分组成定量过程，并增强了实用性，解决了现有技术中的目估法以及数点法存在的误差问题。As above, the method for quantifying the composition of microcomponents in rocks provided by the present invention is a quantitative technique for the composition of microcomponents in organic petrology in the field of geosciences, and realizes the quantitative process of microcomponent composition in organic petrology. , and enhance the practicability, and solve the error problem existing in the visual estimation method and the counting method in the prior art.
下面结合具体的实施例，详细介绍本发明的技术方案。在该实施例中，以重庆秀山地区五峰组-龙马溪组的样品为例，介绍本发明涉及的定量实施效果。The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. In this embodiment, taking samples from the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in the Xiushan area of Chongqing as an example, the quantitative implementation effect involved in the present invention is introduced.
首先，将样品的光片置于光学显微镜下进行油浸反射光观察，使用的目镜放大倍数为10×、物镜放大倍数为50×，对整个视域进行观察，找出有机质最大颗粒，其粒径dmax＝4mm。First, place the light sheet of the sample under an optical microscope for oil immersion reflected light observation. The magnification of the eyepiece is 10×, and the magnification of the objective lens is 50×. Observe the entire field of view to find the largest particles of organic matter. Diameter d max =4mm.
进一步，固定点距和线距d＝1/2dmax＝2mm，移动一个步长的距离，图像获取装置拍摄一张照片，要求覆盖整个光片，共计拍摄n+1＝57张照片。Further, fix the dot pitch and line pitch d=1/2d max =2mm, move the distance of one step, and the image acquisition device takes a photo, which is required to cover the entire light sheet, and takes n+1=57 photos in total.
图像处理装置(诸如photoshop软件)导入之前拍摄的照片，确定每张照片的面积为S＝4915200px(如图11)。The image processing device (such as photoshop software) imports the photos taken before, and determines that the area of each photo is S=4915200px (as shown in Figure 11).
在photoshop软件中，点击魔棒工具，选择容差15，圈取第一张照片上的显微组分G—笔石表皮体，其面积(总像素)为G1＝174468px(如图12)，依此类推，圈定其它照片中笔石表皮体的面积；In the photoshop software, click the magic wand tool, select tolerance 15, circle the microscopic component G on the first photo—graptolite epidermis, and its area (total pixels) is G 1 =174468px (as shown in Figure 12) , and so on, to delineate the area of the graptolite epidermis in other photos;
该样品还存在另一显微组分B—固体沥青，选择容差13，圈取该照片内的所有固体沥青，其面积(总像素)为B1＝56194px(如图13)，依此类推，圈定其它照片中固体沥青的面积。This sample also has another microscopic component B—solid asphalt, select a tolerance of 13, circle all the solid asphalt in the photo, and its area (total pixels) is B 1 =56194px (as shown in Figure 13), and so on , delineate the area of solid asphalt in other photos.
最后，计算57张照片中的笔石表皮体和固体沥青的总面积，进而，可以计算出笔石表皮体和固体沥青两种显微组分占岩石总体积的比例，公式如下：Finally, calculate the total area of the graptolite epidermis and solid asphalt in the 57 photos, and then calculate the ratio of the two microscopic components of the graptolite epidermis and solid asphalt to the total volume of the rock. The formula is as follows:
笔石表皮体含量： Graptolite epidermis content:
固体沥青含量： Solid bitumen content:
综上所述，本发明的特点在于针对地学领域有机岩石学中显微组分组成的定量技术，提出了新的显微组分组成定量操作流程，并通过实例阐述了这种方法的可行性、便捷性和先进性，可推广应用于有机岩石学显微组分组成定量过程。To sum up, the present invention is characterized in that it proposes a new quantitative operating procedure for microcomponent composition aimed at the quantitative technology of microcomponent composition in organic petrology in the field of geosciences, and illustrates the feasibility of this method through examples , Convenience and advancement, it can be widely used in the quantitative process of microcomponent composition in organic petrology.
对于一个技术的改进可以很明显地区分是硬件上的改进(例如，对二极管、晶体管、开关等电路结构的改进)还是软件上的改进(对于方法流程的改进)。然而，随着技术的发展，当今的很多方法流程的改进已经可以视为硬件电路结构的直接改进。设计人员几乎都通过将改进的方法流程编程到硬件电路中来得到相应的硬件电路结构。因此，不能说一个方法流程的改进就不能用硬件实体模块来实现。例如，可编程逻辑器件(ProgrammableLogic Device,PLD)(例如现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA))就是这样一种集成电路，其逻辑功能由用户对器件编程来确定。由设计人员自行编程来把一个数字系统“集成”在一片PLD上，而不需要请芯片制造厂商来设计和制作专用的集成电路芯片。而且，如今，取代手工地制作集成电路芯片，这种编程也多半改用“逻辑编译器(logiccompiler)”软件来实现，它与程序开发撰写时所用的软件编译器相类似，而要编译之前的原始代码也得用特定的编程语言来撰写，此称之为硬件描述语言(Hardware DescriptionLanguage，HDL)，而HDL也并非仅有一种，而是有许多种，如ABEL(Advanced BooleanExpression Language)、AHDL(Altera Hardware Description Language)、Confluence、CUPL(Cornell University Programming Language)、HDCal、JHDL(Java HardwareDescription Language)、Lava、Lola、MyHDL、PALASM、RHDL(Ruby Hardware DescriptionLanguage)等，目前最普遍使用的是VHDL(Very-High-Speed Integrated CircuitHardware Description Language)与Verilog2。本领域技术人员也应该清楚，只需要将方法流程用上述几种硬件描述语言稍作逻辑编程并编程到集成电路中，就可以很容易得到实现该逻辑方法流程的硬件电路。For a technical improvement, it can be clearly distinguished whether it is an improvement on hardware (for example, improvement on circuit structures such as diodes, transistors, switches) or an improvement on software (improvement on method flow). However, with the development of technology, the improvement of many current method flows can be regarded as the direct improvement of the hardware circuit structure. Designers almost always get the corresponding hardware circuit structure by programming the improved method flow into the hardware circuit. Therefore, it cannot be said that the improvement of a method flow cannot be realized by hardware physical modules. For example, a Programmable Logic Device (Programmable Logic Device, PLD) (such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)) is such an integrated circuit, and its logic function is determined by programming the device by a user. It is programmed by the designer to "integrate" a digital system on a PLD, instead of asking a chip manufacturer to design and make a dedicated integrated circuit chip. Moreover, nowadays, instead of making integrated circuit chips by hand, this kind of programming is mostly realized by "logic compiler (logic compiler)" software, which is similar to the software compiler used in program development and writing. The original code must also be written in a specific programming language, which is called a hardware description language (Hardware Description Language, HDL), and there is not only one kind of HDL, but many kinds, such as ABEL (Advanced Boolean Expression Language), AHDL ( Altera Hardware Description Language), Confluence, CUPL (Cornell University Programming Language), HDCal, JHDL (Java Hardware Description Language), Lava, Lola, MyHDL, PALASM, RHDL (Ruby Hardware Description Language), etc., currently the most commonly used is VHDL (Very -High-Speed Integrated CircuitHardware Description Language) and Verilog2. It should also be clear to those skilled in the art that only a little logical programming of the method flow in the above-mentioned hardware description languages and programming into an integrated circuit can easily obtain a hardware circuit for realizing the logic method flow.
控制器可以按任何适当的方式实现，例如，控制器可以采取例如微处理器或处理器以及存储可由该(微)处理器执行的计算机可读程序代码(例如软件或固件)的计算机可读介质、逻辑门、开关、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、可编程逻辑控制器和嵌入微控制器的形式，控制器的例子包括但不限于以下微控制器：ARC625D、Atmel AT91SAM、Microchip PIC18F26K20以及Silicone Labs C8051F320，存储器控制器还可以被实现为存储器的控制逻辑的一部分。The controller may be implemented in any suitable way, for example the controller may take the form of a microprocessor or processor and a computer readable medium storing computer readable program code (such as software or firmware) executable by the (micro)processor , logic gates, switches, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers, examples of controllers include but are not limited to the following microcontrollers: ARC625D, Atmel AT91SAM, Microchip PIC18F26K20 and Silicone Labs C8051F320, the memory controller can also be implemented as part of the control logic of the memory.
本领域技术人员也知道，除了以纯计算机可读程序代码方式实现控制器以外，完全可以通过将方法步骤进行逻辑编程来使得控制器以逻辑门、开关、专用集成电路、可编程逻辑控制器和嵌入微控制器等的形式来实现相同功能。因此这种控制器可以被认为是一种硬件部件，而对其内包括的用于实现各种功能的装置也可以视为硬件部件内的结构。或者甚至，可以将用于实现各种功能的装置视为既可以是实现方法的软件模块又可以是硬件部件内的结构。Those skilled in the art also know that, in addition to realizing the controller in a purely computer-readable program code mode, it is entirely possible to make the controller use logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, and embedded The same function can be realized in the form of a microcontroller or the like. Therefore, such a controller can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices included in it for realizing various functions can also be regarded as structures within the hardware component. Or even, means for realizing various functions can be regarded as a structure within both a software module realizing a method and a hardware component.
上述实施例阐明的系统、装置、模块或单元，具体可以由计算机芯片或实体实现，或者由具有某种功能的产品来实现。The systems, devices, modules, or units described in the above embodiments can be specifically implemented by computer chips or entities, or by products with certain functions.
为了描述的方便，描述以上装置时以功能分为各种单元分别描述。当然，在实施本申请时可以把各单元的功能在同一个或多个软件和/或硬件中实现。For the convenience of description, when describing the above devices, functions are divided into various units and described separately. Of course, when implementing the present application, the functions of each unit can be implemented in one or more pieces of software and/or hardware.
通过以上的实施方式的描述可知，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到本申请可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品可以存储在存储介质中，如ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘等，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机系统(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络系统等)执行本申请各个实施例或者实施例的某些部分所述的方法。It can be known from the above description of the implementation manners that those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present application can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform. Based on this understanding, the essence of the technical solution of this application or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of software products, and the computer software products can be stored in storage media, such as ROM/RAM, disk , optical disc, etc., including several instructions to enable a computer system (which may be a personal computer, server, or network system, etc.) to execute the methods described in various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of the present application.
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处。尤其，对于系统实施例而言，由于其基本相似于方法实施例，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the same and similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and for relevant parts, refer to part of the description of the method embodiment.
本申请可用于众多通用或专用的计算机系统环境或配置中。例如：个人计算机、服务器计算机、手持系统或便携式系统、平板型系统、多处理器系统、基于微处理器的系统、置顶盒、可编程的消费电子系统、网络PC、小型计算机、大型计算机、包括以上任何系统或系统的分布式计算环境等等。The application can be used in numerous general purpose or special purpose computer system environments or configurations. Examples: personal computers, server computers, handheld or portable systems, tablet-type systems, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable consumer electronics systems, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, including Any of the above systems or distributed computing environments for systems, etc.
本申请可以在由计算机执行的计算机可执行指令的一般上下文中描述，例如程序模块。一般地，程序模块包括执行特定任务或实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、对象、组件、数据结构等等。也可以在分布式计算环境中实践本申请，在这些分布式计算环境中，由通过通信网络而被连接的远程处理系统来执行任务。在分布式计算环境中，程序模块可以位于包括存储系统在内的本地和远程计算机存储介质中。This application may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The application may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing systems that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including storage systems.
虽然通过实施例描绘了本申请，本领域普通技术人员知道，本申请有许多变形和变化而不脱离本申请的精神，希望所附的权利要求包括这些变形和变化而不脱离本申请的精神。Although the present application has been described by way of example, those of ordinary skill in the art know that there are many variations and changes in the application without departing from the spirit of the application, and it is intended that the appended claims cover these variations and changes without departing from the spirit of the application.
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