Micro-nano scale multiphase flow generating device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of reaction process reinforcement, relates to a multiphase flow generating device, and in particular relates to a micro-nano scale multiphase flow generating device.
Background
If the reaction is carried out according to the intrinsic time (t) R ) With inter-phase transfer characteristic time (t M ) Classifying the relative sizes of the chemical reactions involved in the industrial process can be divided into two main types: (1) when t M <t R In the case of class I reactions (slow reactions); (2) when t M >t R The reaction is then a type II reaction (fast reaction, transient reaction). Thus, from this point of view, numerous complex reaction processes involved in the chemical industry, such as hydrogenation, nitration, condensation, sulfonation, acylation, polymerization, oxidation, carbonylation, halogenation, alkylation, etc., are group ii reactions, which have the following common characteristics: multi-liquid phase reactions limited by mass transfer processes, or/and heterogeneous complex reaction systems limited by transfer. Therefore, in the conventional reactor, due to the limitation of the transfer process, the defects of low raw material utilization rate, poor product selectivity, low space-time yield of the target product, high energy consumption, high pollutant emission intensity, continuous stability of the chemical process and the like are obvious, and the conventional process flow, process reaction equipment and the like are required to be optimized and improved by means of the chemical process strengthening mode so as to break through or improve the transfer of the conventional chemical process and the restriction bottleneck of the reaction process, thereby greatly reducing the equipment size of the chemical processThe process flow is simplified, and the unit energy consumption and the material consumption are obviously reduced. Common equipment enhancements include reactor and non-reactive operating equipment enhancements such as impinging stream reactors, static mixing reactors, super gravity absorption reactors, microreactors, ultrasonic separation mixing equipment, and the like. However, the chemical process strengthening equipment has the defects of unobvious improvement of process efficiency, complex equipment structure, complex operation, shorter operation period, higher device investment intensity, unobtrusive technical economy advantages, narrower application technical field, obvious amplification effect and the like to different degrees, so that development of a novel efficient chemical process strengthening equipment and a process method integrated system is needed, the problems of the existing chemical process strengthening technical equipment and process are fundamentally solved, and a novel chemical process conveying process strengthening device can be developed from the angle of coupling process strengthening reactor structure optimization design and conveying process strengthening, and basic guarantee is provided for large-scale industrial application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a micro-nano scale multiphase flow generating device which can obviously strengthen heat and mass transfer efficiency in a reaction system and realize efficient strengthening of a microscopic transfer process between interfaces.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: comprises a compressor connected with a first fluid, a feed pump connected with a second fluid, and a micro-nano scale multiphase flow generator communicated with the outlets of the compressor and the feed pump;
the micro-nano scale multiphase flow generator comprises a bottom end closure head, a cylinder body and a top end closure head which are sequentially connected from bottom to top;
the lower end of the bottom end seal head is provided with a feed inlet connected with a feed pump, and a feed chamber and a fluid distributor are arranged in the bottom end seal head;
the side wall of the cylinder is provided with a jet nozzle connected with the compressor, and a primary dispersion cavity, a primary multiphase flow micro-element generator, a secondary dispersion cavity, a secondary multiphase flow micro-element generator, a dispersion micro-element rectification cavity and a guide cylinder are sequentially arranged in the cylinder from outside to inside along the radial direction, wherein the primary dispersion cavity is communicated with the jet nozzle, and the primary dispersion cavity, the secondary dispersion cavity and the dispersion micro-element rectification cavity are communicated;
inert particles with the particle size of 100-800 mu m are filled in the primary dispersion cavity;
the side wall of the top end enclosure is provided with a feed inlet connected with a third fluid, the top is provided with a discharge outlet communicated with a downstream reactor, and the inside of the top end enclosure is provided with a partition plate and a top micro-nano multiphase flow collecting chamber;
the top of the guide cylinder is provided with a micro-nano multiphase flow rectifying chamber communicated with the top micro-nano multiphase flow collecting chamber.
The primary dispersion cavity is formed by encircling the inner wall of the cylinder body and the outer wall of the primary multiphase flow micro-element generator; the primary multiphase flow micro generator is provided with conical holes communicated with the secondary flow distribution cavity uniformly along the axial direction.
The conical hole is pyramid or conical, and the port diameters of the conical hole are d1 and d2 respectively; the number of the tapered holes uniformly opened along the axial direction is a numerical value obtained by rounding after 2×d1, and the geometric characteristic dimension D1/D=0.2-0.5, wherein D is the inner diameter of the micro-nano multiphase flow rectifying chamber.
The secondary dispersion cavity is formed by enclosing the inner wall of the primary multiphase flow micro-element generator and the outer wall of the secondary multiphase flow micro-element generator; the secondary multiphase flow micro-element generator is uniformly distributed with through channels with the diameter of 0.1-1 mu m communicated with the dispersion micro-element rectification cavity, and the opening area of the through channels accounts for 10% -60% of the cross section area of the secondary multiphase flow micro-element generator.
The dispersion infinitesimal rectification cavity is formed by enclosing the inner wall of the secondary multiphase flow infinitesimal generator and the outer wall of the guide cylinder, and the geometric characteristic dimension is D1/D=0.5-0.99, wherein D1 is the outer diameter of the guide cylinder.
The working temperature of the micro-nano scale multiphase flow generator is 20-800 ℃, the working pressure is 0-30 MPaG, the geometric characteristic dimension is TH/OD=5-10, wherein TH is the outer height of a core area of the micro-nano scale multiphase flow generator, which is surrounded by the fluid distributor, the partition plate and the cylinder, and OD is the outer diameter of the micro-nano scale multiphase flow generator.
The micro-nano multiphase flow rectifying chamber is formed by enclosing the inner wall of the upper end of the secondary multiphase flow micro-element generator, the upper end face of the guide cylinder and the separation plate, and has the characteristic dimension of H/D=2-3, wherein H, D is the vertical height and the inner diameter of the micro-nano multiphase flow rectifying chamber respectively.
The fluid distributor is provided with main fluid distribution holes and auxiliary fluid distribution holes, wherein the number of the main fluid distribution holes is 1 and the main fluid distribution holes are communicated with the guide cylinder;
the auxiliary fluid distribution holes are 4-8 and are uniformly formed around the main fluid distribution holes and are communicated with the dispersion infinitesimal rectification cavity, and the aperture of the auxiliary fluid distribution holes is f2/f1=1.5-3;
the characteristic dimension is according to the formula Calculation and determination, wherein the value range k=1, f=0.05-0.08 and d of each coefficient are calculated g By calculating the geometric feature size D, the feature sizes D1, H, OD, TH, f1 and f2 are determined by using 200-800 μm, u=0.5-9 m/s and Δp=0.1-10 MPa.
The third fluid is inert particle assistant, the particle diameter of the particles is 50-200 mu m, the Mohs hardness is 5-9, and the bulk density is 200-800 kg/m 3 。
The side wall of the cylinder body is provided with two jet nozzles from top to bottom, and the outlet of the compressor is respectively connected with the two jet nozzles.
The invention can obviously strengthen the heat and mass transfer efficiency in the reaction system, greatly improve the indexes of raw material utilization rate, comprehensive yield of target products, quality of target products, productivity intensity of devices, economical efficiency of process technology and the like in the chemical process while realizing the strengthening of the reaction process, obviously optimize the composition distribution of the target products, greatly reduce the production intensity of byproducts and pollutants in the chemical process, unit consumption of product production and comprehensive energy consumption of the product, effectively ensure the safe, stable, efficient and long-period operation of the chemical reaction system, and obviously improve the comprehensive competitiveness of conventional chemical industry.
The invention can produce the following beneficial results:
1) Micro-nano-scale micro-particles (micro-bubbles, micro-droplets and the like) with equivalent diameters of 0.1 μm less than or equal to dm less than 1mm can be generated in a reaction system through the synergistic effect of the hydraulic force and the mechanical force, and the gas-liquid two-phase surface area can be increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude to 10 by taking the conventional gas-liquid two-phase reaction as an example based on the special hydrodynamic characteristics, micro-mixing performance and transmission process strengthening characteristics of micro-nano-scale multiphase flow 4 -10 5 m 2 /m 3 And the total volume mass transfer coefficient k of the liquid side in the gas-liquid two-phase reaction controlled by the liquid film L The alpha value is obviously improved to 0.5 to 10s -1 Is a section of (2);
2) The process strengthening equipment based on the invention is modularized, can realize online modularized replacement, can be coupled with the existing chemical equipment online, and can carry out adaptive upgrading and reconstruction on the existing chemical process, thereby greatly optimizing and shortening the process flow of the existing chemical equipment and obviously reducing the equipment investment intensity of unit products;
3) According to the intrinsic time (t) R ) With inter-phase transfer characteristic time (t M ) The structural parameters of the corresponding reactor equipment are optimally designed, and multiphase continuous media such as liquid, gas, solid and the like are cut into a plurality of microelements with excellent transfer characteristics, so that the reinforcement of the molecular level transfer process of the microscopic level is fundamentally enhanced, the productivity strength, the raw material utilization rate, the space-time yield of target products and the product selectivity of a single set of device are obviously improved, the specific energy input density and the energy consumption level of unit products are greatly reduced, and the energy efficiency level of the process technological process or unit operation is improved.
4) The core equipment has no complex internal components, the core equipment has high intensification degree, the operation severity is low, the device has strong competitive advantages in the aspects of operation stability, safety guarantee and the like, and the operation and maintenance cost is low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the one-time multiphase flow trace generator of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fluid distributor according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention includes a compressor 101 connected to a first fluid 100, a feed pump 201 connected to a second fluid, and a micro-nano scale multiphase flow generator 123 in communication with the compressor 101, the outlet of the feed pump 201;
the micro-nano scale multiphase flow generator 123 comprises a bottom end closure 20, a cylinder 21 and a top end closure 22 which are sequentially connected from bottom to top;
the lower end of the bottom end enclosure 20 is provided with a feed inlet connected with a feed pump 201, and a feed chamber 30 and a fluid distributor 10 are arranged in the bottom end enclosure 20;
the side wall of the cylinder 21 is provided with a jet nozzle 211 connected with the compressor 101, and a primary dispersion cavity 31, a primary multiphase flow infinitesimal generator 11, a secondary dispersion cavity 32, a secondary multiphase flow infinitesimal generator 12, a dispersion infinitesimal rectification cavity 33 and a guide cylinder 13 are sequentially arranged in the cylinder 21 from outside to inside along the radial direction, wherein the primary dispersion cavity 31 is communicated with the jet nozzle 211, and the primary dispersion cavity 31, the secondary dispersion cavity 32 and the dispersion infinitesimal rectification cavity 33 are communicated;
the primary dispersion cavity 31 is formed by encircling the inner wall of the cylinder 21 and the outer wall of the primary multiphase flow micro generator 11; the primary multiphase flow infinitesimal generator 11 is provided with conical holes 110 which are communicated with the secondary dispersion cavity 32 along the axial direction, and inert particles 311 with the particle size of 100-800 mu m are filled in the primary dispersion cavity 31;
referring to fig. 2, the tapered hole 110 is pyramid-shaped or conical, and the diameters of the ports of the tapered hole 110 are d1 and d2, respectively; the number of the tapered holes 110 uniformly opened along the axial direction is a numerical value obtained by rounding after 2×d1, and the geometric characteristic dimension D1/d=0.2-0.5, wherein D is the inner diameter of the micro-nano multiphase flow rectifying chamber 34;
the secondary dispersion cavity 32 is formed by the inner wall of the primary multiphase flow micro-element generator 11 and the outer wall of the secondary multiphase flow micro-element generator 12; the secondary multiphase flow micro-element generator 12 is uniformly distributed with through-channels with the diameter of 0.1-1 mu m communicated with the dispersion micro-element rectification cavity 33, and the open pore area of the through-channels accounts for 10% -60% of the cross-sectional area of the secondary multiphase flow micro-element generator 12;
the dispersion infinitesimal rectification cavity 33 is formed by enclosing the inner wall of the secondary multiphase flow infinitesimal generator 12 and the outer wall of the guide cylinder 13, and the geometric characteristic dimension is D1/d=0.5-0.99, wherein D1 is the outer diameter of the guide cylinder 13;
the side wall of the top end seal head 22 is provided with a feed inlet connected with a third fluid 300, the third fluid 300 is an inert particle auxiliary agent, the particle size is 50-200 mu m, the Mohs hardness is 5-9, and the bulk density is 200-800 kg/m 3 A discharge hole communicated with the downstream reactor 400 is formed in the top, and a partition plate 14 and a top micro-nano multiphase flow collecting chamber 35 are arranged in the top end enclosure 22;
the top of the guide cylinder 13 is provided with a micro-nano multiphase flow rectifying chamber 34 communicated with a micro-nano multiphase flow collecting chamber 35 at the top end;
the working temperature of the micro-nano scale multiphase flow generator 123 is 20-800 ℃, the working pressure is 0-30 MPaG, the geometric characteristic dimension is TH/OD=5-10, wherein TH is the outer height of a core area of the micro-nano scale multiphase flow generator surrounded by the fluid distributor 10, the partition plate 14 and the cylinder 21, and OD is the outer diameter of the micro-nano scale multiphase flow generator 123;
the micro-nano multiphase flow rectifying chamber 34 is surrounded by the inner wall of the upper end of the secondary multiphase flow micro generator 12, the upper end face of the guide cylinder 13 and the partition plate 14, and the characteristic dimension is H/D=2-3, wherein H, D is the vertical height and the inner diameter of the micro-nano multiphase flow rectifying chamber 34 respectively;
referring to fig. 3, the fluid distributor 10 of the present invention is provided with main fluid distribution holes 150 and auxiliary fluid distribution holes 160, wherein the number of the main fluid distribution holes 150 is 1 and is communicated with the guide cylinder 13;
the number of the auxiliary fluid distribution holes 160 is 4-8, which are uniformly formed around the main fluid distribution hole 150 and are communicated with the dispersion infinitesimal rectification cavity 33, and the aperture of the auxiliary fluid distribution holes is f2/f1=1.5-3;
the characteristic dimension is according to the formula Calculation and determination, wherein the value range k=1, f=0.05-0.08 and d of each coefficient are calculated g By calculating the geometric feature size D, the feature sizes D1, H, OD, TH, f1 and f2 are determined by using 200-800 μm, u=0.5-9 m/s and Δp=0.1-10 MPa.
The side wall of the cylinder 21 is provided with two jet nozzles 211 from top to bottom, and the outlet of the compressor 101 is respectively connected with the two jet nozzles 211.
The fluid 100 is pressurized to a target pressure by the compressor 101 and then is connected with a jet nozzle 211 arranged on the side wall of the cylinder 21 through a restrictor 102 and a restrictor 103 and corresponding pipelines respectively. The fluid 100 enters the jet nozzle 211 and then sequentially passes through the primary dispersion cavity 31, the primary multiphase flow infinitesimal generator 11, the secondary dispersion cavity 32 and the secondary multiphase flow infinitesimal generator 12 and then enters the dispersion infinitesimal rectification cavity 33;
the fluid 200 is connected to the bottom head 20 via a feed pump 201 through a restrictor 202 and tubing. The fluid 200 enters the feeding chamber 30 through a jet nozzle arranged on the bottom end closure 20 and then enters the dispersion infinitesimal rectification cavity 33 through the fluid distributor 10;
the fluid 100 and the fluid 200 entering the dispersion infinitesimal rectification cavity 33 travel along the guide cylinder 13 into the micro-nano multiphase flow rectifying chamber 34, then travel upwards through the partition plate 14 into the top micro-nano multiphase flow collecting chamber 35, are mixed with the fluid 300 in the top micro-nano multiphase flow collecting chamber 35, and leave the micro-nano multiphase flow generator 123 through the top end enclosure 22 to enter the downstream micro-nano multiphase flow strengthening reactor 400.
Compared with the conventional process strengthening equipment, the produced multiphase fluid can improve the gas-liquid two-phase surface area by 1-2 orders of magnitude to 10 4 -10 5 m 2 /m 3 And the total volume mass transfer coefficient k of the liquid side in the gas-liquid two-phase reaction controlled by the liquid film L The alpha value is obviously improved to 0.5 to 10s -1 Compared with chemical process strengthening equipment such as micro-channel (micro-fluidic) reactors, hypergravity reactors, jet reactors, microwave/magnetic field strengthening reactors and the like, has obvious competitive advantages in the aspects of interphase microcosmic transfer efficiency, molecular diffusion transfer rate, gas-liquid specific phase boundary area, specific energy input density, comprehensive energy efficiency, device operation stability, safety guarantee and the like. The micro-nano scale multiphase flow generating device is coupled and integrated with the petrochemical fields such as hydrogenation reaction, oxidation reaction, acylation reaction, alkylation reaction, chlorination reaction, carbonylation reaction and the like and the chemical process for synthesizing high-added-value chemicals, so that two purposes can be realized: firstly, the raw material conversion rate is improved, the processing capacity of a single set of device is improved, and the optimization and regulation of the composition distribution of a target product are realized; secondly, the energy efficiency of the device is improved, the specific energy input density of the unit energy is reduced, the fixed investment and the production running cost of the device are greatly reduced, the operation severity of the device system is reduced, and the energy consumption and the production running cost of the unit product are reduced.