CN110414850A - 一种空气综合质量评价方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于疗养区的综合空气质量评价方法,获取用于评价区域空气综合质量评价的七个指标的数据;气温、2分钟风速、O3的1小时均值、相对湿度、SO2的1小时均值、NO2的1小时均值、PM2.5的1小时均值。转变成:有效相对温度、2分钟风速、O3的1小时均值、有效相对湿度、SO2的1小时均值、NO2的1小时均值、PM2.5的1小时均值六个指标;用逻辑斯蒂方程归一化后,输入人工神经网络,得到输出值;将输出值与评价标准相比较,可以判定出评价区域对应的新型空气综合质量级别。本发明提供的一种用于疗养区的综合空气质量评价方法,可以有效判定出康养基地、旅游度假区等需要考虑人体感受的特殊地区的空气综合质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于大气质量评价技术领域,具体涉及一种空气综合质量评价方法。
背景技术
《环境空气质量标准(GB 3095-2012)》仅单纯考虑了空气组分对人体的影响,人体舒适度仅考虑了气象因素对人体感受的影响。目前还没有综合考虑空气组合和气象条件对人体影响的简便实用的空气综合质量评价方法。
《贵州省森林康养基地建设规范》(DB52-T1198-2017)首次提出了森林康养基地康养区资源条件八大维度指标,从绿化度、人体舒适度、高度、负氧度、洁净度、通视度、精气度和优产度对康养基地全方位提出要求,可以说是对空气综合质量要求开创了有益的尝试,但该规范仅从康养基地建设的角度提出了各种要求,既没有明确空气综合质量的概念,也没有提出具体的评价方法。
发明内容
综合空气质量和人体感受,本发明首先提出一种新型的空气综合质量的概念,即既考虑空气组分对人体影响同时考虑气象条件对人体感受影响的空气综合质量。然后在此基础上提出一种空气综合质量的评价方法。
具体的技术方案为:
(1)选取用于空气综合质量评价的7个指标为:气温、2分钟风速、O3的1小时均值、相对湿度、SO2的1小时均值、NO2的1小时均值、PM2.5的1小时均值;
(2)将气温和2分钟风速组合成有效温度(Effective Temperature,ET)指标,有效温度的计算方法见公式1。
ET=|(T-22)-2.5V| (1)
其中ET为有效温度,T为气温,V为2分钟风速;
将相对湿度RH与最适相对湿度45%的差定义为有效相对湿度(EffectiveRelative Humidity,ERH),有效相对湿度的计算方法见公式2。
ERH=|RH-45%| (2)
其中ERH为有效相对湿度,RH为相对湿度;
最终得到空气综合质量评价指标为:有效相对温度、2分钟风速、O3的1小时均值、有效相对湿度、SO2的1小时均值、NO2的1小时均值、PM2.5的1小时均值六个指标;
(3)设定用于空气综合质量评价的5个空气综合质量指数(Air UniversalQuality Index,AUQI)分级限值将空气综合质量分为优、良、差、比较差、非常差和严重差6个级别,对应设定6个评价指标的5个分级限值。具体的空气综合质量指数及评价指标分级限值如表1所示;
表1 空气综合质量指数及空气综合质量评价指标分级限值
(4)将6个评价指标的分级限值按逻辑斯蒂方程进行归一化,各个指标的归一化参数a、b及归一化后的分级限值如表2所示;
表2 新型空气综合质量分级限值归一化结果
(5)将6个评价指标归一化后的分级限值作为输入,以表1中AUQI分级限值作为输出,对6-7-1结构的人工神经网络模型进行训练,确定输入层到隐层的权值Wij、隐层阈值Oj、隐层到输出层的权值Wik、输出层阈值Ok分别为:
Wjk’=[-1.5470,-0.4614,0.1390,0.9699,1.6825,0.5257,-2.5570]
Oj=[-1.4001 1.5266 -0.6129 0.4400 0.7966 -0.6251 -0.8785]
Ok=[1.3106]
(6)基于常规地面气象观测站和空气地面监测站数据,获取待评价区域空气综合质量指标,按(4)所列公式进行归一化后,输入(5)确定参数的人工神经网络模型,得到的输出值与空气综合质量指数分级限值相比较,可以判定出评价区域对应的空气综合质量级别。
本发明提出一种空气综合质量的概念,并设计一种空气综合质量评价方法,可以评价出空气综合质量的等级,为广大民众了解自身所在地的空气综合质量提供依据。同时,空气综合质量评价方法还可以:1)为政府考虑评价区域是否适合建设康养基地提供技术评估;2)为旅游者是否考虑到评价区域开展旅游活动提供参考。具体应用于康养基地建设技术评估和开展旅游活动提供参考的方法为:
(1)康养基地建设技术评估
要求评价区域空气综合质量评价结果达到1级标准以上的天数不少于每年运营时间的70%,低于2级标准以上的天数不超过每年运营时间的5%,不能有低于3级标准的天数。每天24小时评价数据中有8个以上新型空气综合质量指数超过相应标准,则计为1个超标天数。
满足以上要求则说明该区域适合建设康养基地,否则不适合。
(2)旅游活动提供参考
要求评价区域空气综合质量评价结果近3年历史同期达到1级标准以上的天数不少于旅游活动时间的70%,低于2级标准以上的天数不超过旅游活动时间的5%,不能有低于3级标准的天数。每天24小时评价数据中有8个以上新型空气综合质量指数超过相应标准,则计为1个超标天数。
满足以上要求则说明该区域适合去旅游,否则不适合。
具体实施方式
结合实施例说明本发明的具体技术方案。
根据《名山区蒙顶山茶史博物馆、蒙顶山景区灾后恢复重建、名山区公交首末站恢复重建项目环境影响报告表》,区域环境空气质量现状引用了2014年1月《雅安市名山区蒙顶山旅游广场恢复重建工程环评监测》。监测期间空气质量数据见表3,气象参数见表4。
表3 现状监测结果表(mg/m3)
表4 监测期间气象参数一览表
根据蒙顶山风景区大气环境评价数据,发现缺少PM2.5、O3的小时数据,因此,本项目作为示例的时候按照新型空气综合质量评价指标缺失O3和PM2.5数据重新进行数据归一化、模型训练和模型参数优化等过程得到模型对蒙顶山风景区新型空气综合质量进行评价,得到的结果如表5所示。
表5 监测期间新型空气综合质量评价结果
从表5可以看出,2014.01.09评价的4个时段中有2个时段超过2级标准,占比50%,则判定该日低于2级标准,而总共评价的3天中有1天低于2级标准,比例为33.3%,超过标准中不能超过5%的规定,说明不适合建设该项目。
作为一般区域看待,则蒙顶山风景区各个评价时段的空气综合质量分别为差、良、差、优、优、优、优、优、良、优、优、优。
Claims (1)
1.一种空气综合质量评价方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)选取用于空气综合质量评价的7个指标为:气温、2分钟风速、O3的1小时均值、相对湿度、SO2的1小时均值、NO2的1小时均值、PM2.5的1小时均值;
(2)将气温和2分钟风速组合成有效温度指标,将相对湿度RH与最适相对湿度45%的差定义为有效相对湿度;最终得到空气综合质量评价指标为:有效相对温度、2分钟风速、O3的1小时均值、有效相对湿度、SO2的1小时均值、NO2的1小时均值、PM2.5的1小时均值6个指标;
(3)设定5个空气综合质量指数分级限值将空气综合质量分为6个级别,对应设定6个评价指标的5个分级标准限值;
(4)将6个指标的分级标准限值进行归一化后作为输入,以设定的空气综合质量指数限值作为输出,对6-7-1结构的人工神经网络模型进行训练,确定模型参数;
(5)将待评价区域空气综合质量指标输入(4)确定参数的人工神经网络模型,得到的输出值与空气综合质量指数分级限值相比较,可以判定出评价区域对应的空气综合质量级别。
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杨国栋 等: ""人工神经网络方法用于城市环境空气质量综合评价"", 《煤矿环境保护》 * |
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