CN110413230B - Embedded system construction method and storage medium - Google Patents
Embedded system construction method and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN110413230B CN110413230B CN201910628547.9A CN201910628547A CN110413230B CN 110413230 B CN110413230 B CN 110413230B CN 201910628547 A CN201910628547 A CN 201910628547A CN 110413230 B CN110413230 B CN 110413230B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
- G06F3/0638—Organizing or formatting or addressing of data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0668—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems adopting a particular infrastructure
- G06F3/0671—In-line storage system
- G06F3/0673—Single storage device
- G06F3/0674—Disk device
- G06F3/0676—Magnetic disk device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/4401—Bootstrapping
- G06F9/4411—Configuring for operating with peripheral devices; Loading of device drivers
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Abstract
The invention discloses an embedded system construction method and a storage medium, wherein a disk is divided into four areas, and after a disk partition file system is mounted and detected, an automatic execution script file of a Ramdisk file system can load a user-defined starting configuration script in a second disk partition to execute. When the user-defined starting script of the second partition is executed, the library file of the second partition is mounted below the library directory of the Ramdisk root file system, the environment variables and other related configurations required by the system to execute the application program are added, and finally the application program of the third partition is loaded to execute. And the user application program of the third partition reads and writes the disk data in the fourth partition. The invention can ensure the reliable operation of the system, and the system can automatically recover the operation when the system is started next time even under the condition of illegal power failure of the system, thereby greatly increasing the dynamic configuration and flexibility of the whole system.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to embedded systems, and more particularly, to a method for constructing an embedded system and a storage medium.
Background
Embedded systems are increasingly used in a wide range of applications, including many areas of human life, such as digital communications, information appliances, aerospace, industrial process control, engineering machinery control, and military electronics. The embedded technology is more and more closely related to the aspects of daily life of people, and the integration trend of consumer electronics, computers and communication is more and more obvious, so that the embedded technology is an important component in the field of computers.
The embedded system is based on computer technology and has available software and hardware, and is suitable for application system with strict function, reliability, cost, volume and power consumption constraints.
Embedded systems are generally composed of embedded software and hardware, and the software is tightly integrated with the hardware. The hardware takes an embedded microprocessor as a core, and integrates a memory and input and output equipment special for the system; the software comprises initialization codes and drivers, an embedded operating system, application programs and the like, and the software is organically combined together to form system-specific integrated software.
In the using process of the embedded system, a user may illegally power off the embedded system at any time, so that certain measures need to be taken to ensure that the embedded system can stably and reliably run. The conventional processing method for the embedded system adopting Emmc storage is as follows: forbidding forced power failure of embedded equipment, such as mobile phone equipment, the battery cannot be forcibly disassembled, and when the system battery is exhausted, the power failure is processed through a certain shutdown process; in other embedded devices, the root file system may run directly in the disk, and all read-write operations operate the disk, so that the possibility of disk damage is greatly increased under the condition of illegal power failure, and under the condition of disk damage, certain measures are required to be adopted to repair or isolate the damaged disk.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an embedded system construction method and a storage medium for overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, so that the constructed system can stably and reliably operate, a root file system is operated in a memory, the system operation speed is increased, the controllability of the system is ensured, and even if the system is powered on illegally to cause errors of the disk file system, the next time the system is powered on, the file system of the disk can be automatically repaired.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an embedded system construction method comprises the following steps:
preparing a storage medium for system startup in advance, wherein the storage medium comprises four partitions, and a first partition is used for a boot file for system startup; the second partition is used for storing library files and starting configuration files; the third partition is used for storing an executable file of a user and a corresponding configuration file; the fourth partition is used for storing data read and written by user application;
when the system is booted, loading a system kernel mirror image and a Ramdisk memory file system from a first partition to a memory for operation;
the starting configuration script in the Ramdisk memory file system automatically mounts the second, third and fourth partitions to subdirectories of the root file system, and then executes the user-defined starting script in the loaded second partition;
the second partition user self-defined starting script links the library file compiled by the user to a Ramdisk library file directory;
the second partition user self-defined starting script starts the executable application program of the third partition;
the third partition may execute the application to store or read the service data to or from the fourth partition.
The first partition is in a Fat file system format; the second partition, the third partition and the fourth partition are all in an Ext4 file system format. The three mounted disk partitions are all Ext4 file systems, and when the system is started in a power-on mode, detection and recovery can be automatically carried out, so that the stability and reliability of the system after the system is started are guaranteed.
The first partition, the second partition and the third partition are read-only partitions; the fourth partition is a readable and writable partition.
When the system is guided, the specific implementation process from the loading of the system in the first partition to the running of the memory comprises the following steps: copying an initial boot file of the system into an SD card or programming the initial boot file into Qspi, and after the system is powered on again, booting the system from the SD card or the Qspi to execute; the boot file in the U disk is copied into the first partition of Emmc.
After the system loads the boot file from the first partition, the first partition is not mounted in the file system, so that after the system is started, the first partition can be hidden, a user cannot perform any operation on the partition, and the file system of the first partition cannot be damaged even under the condition of illegal power failure.
The method comprises the steps that a Ramdisk memory file system is automatically mounted to the second, third and fourth partitions of a disk, the second, third and fourth partitions are mounted to a root file system in an EXT4 disk file system format, and disk inspection and repair are conducted on all the partitions. The root file system is based on Ramdisk, reading and writing of the root file system are carried out in the memory, and Emmc disk partitions cannot be operated, so that after illegal power failure, no influence is caused on the disks. The root file system is based on Ramdisk, and the whole root file system runs in the memory, so that the running speed of the system is very high. The root file system is based on the Ramdisk, and the operation of the root file system can be automatically restored after the system is powered on next time, so that the whole file system can be completely controlled by a user who operates the read-write operation of the service data, and when the user upgrades the file system, only the Ramdisk mirror image file needs to be upgraded without worrying about the damage of the original disk file data in the file system.
When the system is started, the user-defined configuration file of the second partition is embedded into the starting script of the Ramdisk root file system to run, and the user can modify the starting configuration file only by re-mounting the partition into a read-write state without re-modifying and packaging the whole Ramdisk mirror image, so that the flexibility of the system is greatly improved.
When the user self-defined starting script of the second partition is executed, the library file of the second partition is in soft link to the root file system, the environment variable needed by application execution is initialized, and finally the user application program of the third partition is loaded for execution.
The library file compiled by the user is used for mounting the library file directory of the Ramdisk root file system in a soft link mode, so that the size of a Ramdisk mirror image is greatly reduced, the user can also dynamically add and delete the library file compiled by the user, the starting speed of the system is increased, and the dynamic configuration and flexibility of the system are also increased.
The second partition and the third partition are mounted in a read-only mode, so that the file system cannot perform write operation on the two partitions, the two disk partitions are protected, and the two partitions are mounted in a read-write mode again only when a user upgrades library files or application programs of the two partitions.
And after the third partition executable application program stores the service data into the fourth partition or reads the data from the fourth partition, the system is powered on again, the initial boot file is executed from Emmc, and then the kernel and the Ramdisk file system are loaded for execution.
The application program reads and writes the fourth partition, all user data are stored in the partition, when the partition is automatically powered on and started, the error of the partition can be self-checked and recovered, if a disk file system is damaged due to error in the reading and writing process, the partition can be independently processed, the situation that the system cannot be normally started and the application program cannot be started and executed is avoided, when a user upgrades, the user does not need to pay attention to a user service data disk, and only files of the previous partitions need to be upgraded, so that system files, configuration files and service data in the system files are separated, and the system is easier to maintain.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides an embedded system storage medium which comprises four partitions, wherein the first partition is used for a boot file of system startup; the second partition is used for storing library files and starting configuration files; the third partition is used for storing an executable file of a user and a corresponding configuration file; the fourth partition is used for storing data read and written by user application; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
loading a system from the first partition to a memory for running when the system is booted;
mounting the second, third and fourth partitions under subdirectories of a Ramdisk memory file system;
after the second partition is loaded, a starting configuration script in the Ramdisk guides a user-defined starting script in the second partition to run;
the second partition user self-defined starting script links the library file compiled by the user to a Ramdisk library file directory;
the second partition user self-defined starting script starts the executable application program of the third partition;
the third partition may execute an application to store traffic data to or read data from the fourth partition.
The first partition is in a Fat file system format; the second partition, the third partition and the fourth partition are all in an Ext4 file system format.
The first partition, the second partition and the third partition are read-only partitions; the fourth partition is a readable and writable partition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can ensure that the system runs quickly, stably and reliably, is simple, convenient, quick and reliable, and only needs to prepare the boot file, the Ramdisk file system, the library file and the configuration file in advance and automatically store all the files prepared in advance into each corresponding partition of Emmc through the script file defined by a user. After the system is powered off and rebooted, the system can be quickly loaded into the memory to run, and the stability and reliability of the system can be ensured. The method can ensure that the system can automatically recover operation when the system is started next time even under the condition of illegal power failure of the system, the user-defined starting configuration file is embedded into the starting configuration script of the Ramdisk root file system for execution, and the library file compiled by the user is linked to the library directory of the Ramdisk root file system, so that the dynamic configuration and the flexibility of the whole system are greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a storage media partition for system boot.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of constructing a stable and reliable embedded system.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the embedded system after the system is built.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, in order to construct a stable and reliable embedded system, when constructing an embedded system, the distribution of a system boot storage medium needs to be considered in advance: dividing a storage medium for system startup into four partitions (the size of each partition can be determined according to the size of a file stored in each partition), wherein the first partition is used for storing a boot file during system startup, the second partition is used for storing a library file compiled by a user (such as a Qt library file and an OpenCV library file) and a custom startup configuration file (such as an autostart script. After the system is started, the first partition is hidden for a common user, only the last three partitions are displayed, the first three partitions are read-only partitions, and only the last partition can be subjected to read-write operation.
The method for constructing the stable and reliable embedded system comprises the following steps:
1, copying an initial boot file of a system to an SD (secure digital) card or burning the initial boot file into a Qspi (quantum well master batch) card through a Jtag (Java virtual machine) tool by a PC (personal computer), and booting and executing the system from the SD card or the Qspi;
step 2, inserting the U disk storing other files such as a boot file, a mirror image, a start configuration file, a library file and the like into the system;
step 3, restarting the system;
step 4, after the system is powered on, firstly, the initial boot file is guided from the SD card or the Qspi to be executed; reading a Linux kernel and a Ramdisk file system from the U disk by the initial boot file, executing, and successfully entering the file system after the execution is finished; in a file system, an Emmc disk is formatted according to the disk partition of fig. 1 by a system command; after the partitions are formatted, copying other files such as boot files, kernels, ramdisk file system images, library files and the like in the U disk to each corresponding disk partition of Emmc (comprising steps 5 and 6);
after a file system is configured in a Ramdisk mirror image/etc/fstab file, a partition with an Ext4 format is automatically mounted in a root file system after the file system is started, and the error of the file system is checked and recovered, and a second partition starting script file is embedded in a starting automatic execution script file/etc/init.d/rcS of the file system, so that when a user needs to modify the system starting configuration, the system can be realized by modifying a configuration file of a second partition, and as an rcS file in the root file system can be automatically restored to factory configuration after the system is powered off;
step 5, copying the library file in the U disk and the user-defined starting configuration file to a second partition of the disk;
in the user-defined configuration file, the library file of the partition is softly linked to a library file directory of a Ramdisk root file system, the relevant environment variable for starting an application program is configured, and finally the application program of a third partition is configured to be automatically executed when the system is started;
step 6, copying the application program and the related configuration file in the USB flash disk to a third partition, and performing read-write operation on data in a fourth partition when the application program is executed;
and 7, powering off and restarting the system, so that the system boots the initial boot file, the kernel and the file system from the first disk partition of Emmc, and initializes the whole system according to the steps of FIG. 3.
According to the step 4, the Ramdisk file firstly mounts the second, third and fourth partitions under the root file system in the EXT4 disk file system format, and performs disk inspection and repair on each partition;
according to the step 4, after the file system is started, the rcS startup script file is executed, so that the user-defined startup script file in the third partition is executed;
when the user-defined script of the second partition is executed, softly linking the library file of the partition to the root file system, initializing the environment variables required by application execution, and finally loading the user application program of the third partition for execution;
and 6, performing read-write operation on the data in the fourth partition by the user application of the third partition.
After the file system is started, the first partition cannot be mounted, is hidden for common users, and only shows the last three partitions. The first three partitions relate to boot files, configuration, libraries and executable programs of the system, a user cannot modify the boot files, and the first three partitions can be operated only during upgrading, so that the safety and the stability of the system are guaranteed.
And the Emmc disk partition and the copying of the U disk file to the disk partition corresponding to the Emmc can be performed manually or automatically through a script file.
The invention can quickly construct a stable and reliable embedded system, and can automatically recover the file system when the system is started next time even if the file system makes mistakes or the system is illegally powered off in the system execution process, thereby ensuring the stable and reliable operation of the system.
Claims (9)
1. A method for constructing an embedded system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a storage medium for system startup in advance, wherein the storage medium comprises four partitions, and a first partition is used for storing a boot file for system startup; the second partition is used for storing library files and starting configuration files; the third partition is used for storing an executable file of a user and a corresponding configuration file; the fourth partition is used for storing data read and written by the user application;
when the system is guided, loading the system from the first partition to a memory for running; the specific implementation process comprises the following steps: copying an initial boot file of the system into an SD card or programming the initial boot file into Qspi, and after the system is powered on again, booting the system from the SD card or the Qspi to execute; copying a boot file in the U disk into a first partition of Emmc;
the starting configuration script in the Ramdisk memory file system automatically mounts the second, third and fourth partitions to subdirectories of the root file system, and then executes the user-defined starting script in the loaded second partition;
a user self-defined starting script in the second partition links library files compiled by a user to a Ramdisk library file directory;
starting an executable application program of a third partition by a user-defined starting script in the second partition;
an executable application in the third partition stores or reads the business data to or from the fourth partition.
2. The embedded system construction method according to claim 1, wherein the first partition is in a Fat file system format; the second partition, the third partition and the fourth partition are all in an Ext4 file system format.
3. The embedded system construction method according to claim 1, wherein the first partition, the second partition, and the third partition are read-only partitions; the fourth partition is a readable and writable partition.
4. The embedded system construction method according to claim 1, wherein the Ramdisk memory file system is automatically mounted to the second, third, and fourth partitions of the disk, the Ramdisk file first mounts the second, third, and fourth partitions to the root file system in the EXT4 disk file system format, and performs disk checking and repairing on each partition.
5. The embedded system building method according to claim 1, wherein the user-defined startup script of the second partition, when executed, soft links the library file of the second partition under the root file system, initializes the environment variables required for application execution, and finally loads the user application program of the third partition for execution.
6. The embedded system construction method according to claim 1, wherein after the third partition executable application program stores the service data into the fourth partition or reads the data from the fourth partition, the system is powered up again, the initial boot file is executed from Emmc, and then the kernel and Ramdisk file system are loaded for execution.
7. An embedded system storage medium, comprising: the first partition is used for storing a boot file of system startup; the second partition is used for storing library files and starting configuration files; the third partition is used for storing an executable file of a user and a corresponding configuration file; the fourth partition is used for storing data read and written by user application; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
loading a system from the first partition to a memory for running when the system is booted; the specific implementation process comprises the following steps: copying an initial boot file of the system into an SD card or programming the initial boot file into Qspi, and after the system is powered on again, booting the system from the SD card or the Qspi to execute; copying a boot file in the U disk into a first partition of Emmc;
the starting configuration script in the Ramdisk memory file system automatically mounts the second, third and fourth partitions to subdirectories of a root file system, and then executes the loaded user-defined starting script in the second partition;
a user self-defined starting script in the second partition links the library file compiled by the user to a Ramdisk library file directory;
starting an executable application program of a third partition by a user-defined starting script in the second partition;
an executable application in the third partition stores the business data to or reads the data from the fourth partition.
8. The embedded system storage medium of claim 7, wherein the first partition is in a Fat file system format; the second partition, the third partition and the fourth partition are all in the Ext4 file system format.
9. The embedded system storage medium of claim 7, wherein the first partition, the second partition, and the third partition are read-only partitions; the fourth partition is a readable and writable partition.
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| CN111176665B (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2024-02-09 | 晶晨半导体（深圳）有限公司 | High-capacity emmc mirror image manufacturing method and device |
| CN113918228B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-10-13 | 成都安恒信息技术有限公司 | Memory file system starting method based on multi-CPU architecture |
| CN114124684B (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2024-04-19 | 杭州依赛通信有限公司 | Method for realizing zero-contact full-automatic deployment of network elements by using USB flash disk |
| CN113986124B (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2024-02-23 | 深信服科技股份有限公司 | User configuration file access method, device, equipment and medium |
| CN114063913A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-02-18 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | EMMC partition storage method and structure |
| CN113778760B (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-03-11 | 麒麟软件有限公司 | Key data self-destruction and automatic restoration method and device based on embedded system |
| CN114356443A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-15 | 常州新途软件有限公司 | Management method based on multiple partitions of instrument |
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