CN110412509A - A kind of sonic location system based on MEMS microphone array - Google Patents
A kind of sonic location system based on MEMS microphone array Download PDFInfo
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- CN110412509A CN110412509A CN201910773494.XA CN201910773494A CN110412509A CN 110412509 A CN110412509 A CN 110412509A CN 201910773494 A CN201910773494 A CN 201910773494A CN 110412509 A CN110412509 A CN 110412509A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
- G01S5/22—Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements
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- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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- Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of sonic location systems based on MEMS microphone array, the fpga chip parallel acquisition multichannel MEMS uniform circular array Microphone Array Speech signal for being EP4CE30F23C6 using master chip, by down-sampled and caching process, it will be handled on transmitting voice signal to dsp processor by gigabit network interface again, realize the function of speech enhan-cement and auditory localization, and positioning result is fed back by network interface to microphone array, corresponding LED light is lighted, while showing corresponding positioning result on a display screen.System has the characteristics that the stability that small in size, integrated level is high, excellent and anti-interference and can quickly determine sound bearing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sonic location system, especially a kind of sonic location system based on microphone array belongs to
In speech detection technical field.
Background technique
Voice is one of most natural, most effective, most convenient means of human society exchange of information.And microphone is by sound
Signal is converted to the energy conversion device of electric signal.Microphone array be multiple microphones with certain space structure arrangement and
At realizing the space-time joint processing of acoustical signal by the sampling to space sound field.The practical problem solved by microphone array
Specifically include that dereverberation and echo inhibition, noise suppressed, auditory localization, the identification and processing of sound identifying source and human voice signal.
Currently, microphone array is widely used in the fields such as industry, military and consumer electronics, micromation, flexible is developed
The efficient auditory localization identifying system of intelligence is the important trend of microphone array technology development.
Microphone array needs to there has been big small-sized battle array using different array element numbers and array element spacing in practical applications
Point of column.Certainly, large-scale microphone array possesses more array elements than minitype microphone array, and spatial distribution is wider, therefore has
More high position precision.But the cost of large-scale array system is also higher, occupies bigger space, difficulty of structuring the formation is big.For array element
The bigger distributed microphone array of spacing, between array element can only by wireless network connection, the cost that further increases and
Position the difficulty realized.In contrast, minitype microphone array uses between a small amount of microphone and lesser array element, therefore has
Lesser aperture and general positioning accuracy, but it is that of avoiding the defect of the above large-scale array.
MEMS (Micro Electromechanical System) microphone has small in size, low-power consumption and integrated level high
The characteristics of, possibility is provided to build the microphone array of more micro-aperture.MEMS microphone array solves to a certain extent
The problem that volume is big, data collection system is complicated existing for regular microphones array system, is widely used in mobile phone, plate
In a large amount of multimedia equipments such as computer, recording pen.
The domestic and international correlative study status of auditory localization technology is described below.It is in need of consideration because being known as positioning in auditory localization
Precision and algorithm real-time, this also be exactly current research key points and difficulties.Auditory localization side based on microphone array
Method can be generally divided into three categories according to positioning principle: auditory localization technology based on time delay estimation is estimated based on High-Resolution Spectral
The auditory localization technology of meter technology and the auditory localization technology formed based on steerable beam.
These methods are all to receive signal to microphone array to handle, to estimate the space bit confidence of sound source
Breath.
(1) the auditory localization technology based on time delay estimation
Auditory localization technology based on time delay estimation (Time Delay of Arrival, TDOA) is by two steps come complete
At.This method estimates the time delay value that signal is transmitted to array first, then calculates sound-source signal using the estimated value and arrives
Up to the range difference of each array element, finally with method of geometry come to the orientation to set the goal.
For this method, stablize, accurately time delay estimation is the basis positioned.Existing delay time estimation method master
Have: (1) delay time estimation method of cross-correlation function is utilized, such as broad sense cross-correlation (Generalized Cross
Correlation, GCC) algorithm, Crosspower spectrum phase (Cross-power Spectrum Phase, CSP) algorithm etc.；(2) lead to
It crosses and seeks the transmission function in path to obtain time delay estimation, such as least mean-square error (Least Mean Square, LMS) algorithm,
Self-adaptive features value decomposes (Adaptive Eigenvalue Decomposition, AED) algorithm etc..Obtaining time delay estimation
After value, and then acquires sound source and reach each array element range difference.
Contrastingly with other location technologies, the auditory localization technology accuracy height based on time delay estimation, calculating are succinct, real
When property is good.But the technology is disadvantageous in that: firstly, time delay estimation and auditory localization are divided into two steps to realize
, when seeking time delay value, there is a certain error for meeting, and the positioning equation in later period needs to use the time delay value acquired, because
And error accumulation effect can be generated, and obtained result not instead of optimal solution, near-optimal solution；Secondly, based on time delay estimation
Auditory localization Technical comparing is suitble to the positioning of simple sund source, and to more auditory localization problems or under strong reverberation, very noisy interference
It can not accurately determine target source position.
(2) based on the auditory localization technology of High-Resolution Spectral Estimation technology
In array signal processing field, based on the auditory localization technology of High-Resolution Spectral Estimation technology in such application
Extensive, in-depth study is obtained.Such technology first calculates the correlation matrix spatial spectrum of acquisition signal, then by asking
The matrix is solved to determine the azimuth of sound source.High-Resolution Spectral Estimation technology mainly has two classes, and one kind is that Subspace Decomposition class is calculated
Method, based on signal subspace and noise subspace, according to its orthogonal property, using the feature in composition noise subspace to
Amount carries out Power estimation by searching extreme value in the space spectral peak constructed, under the premise of improving the resolving power of algorithm, really
The position for the sound source that sets the goal, such algorithm mainly have: Multiple Signal Classification (Multiple Signal Classification,
MUSIC) algorithm, invariable rotary subspace (Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational
Invariance Techniques, ESPRIT) algorithm etc.；Another kind of is subspace fitting algorithm, and the core of this kind of algorithm is mostly
Parametric optimization problem reduces search arithmetic amount, solves nonlinear direction estimation likelihood function most by iteration optimization algorithms
Excellent solution, the as position of target sound source, such algorithm mainly have: maximum likelihood (Maximum Likelihood, ML) algorithm adds
Weight subspace is fitted (Weighted Subspace Fitting, WSF) algorithm etc..
Although High-Resolution Spectral Estimation technology has achieved a large amount of research achievement, and widely with it is military, civilian
In field, but this kind of algorithm, there are still limitation, collected signal need to be stationary signal, and estimation parameter value must be constant
Value.But since voice signal is short-term stationarity signal, the correlation matrix between estimating microphone pair will appear error, from
And influence subsequent estimation positioning.Although can reduce error by certain methods, this can make the complexity of algorithm be promoted, be counted
Calculation amount increases, and certain influence is generated to the real-time of positioning.In addition the interference signals such as the noise in room, reverberation, reflection and
There are certain correlations between sound-source signal, to greatly reduce the validity of the technology.
(3) the auditory localization technology formed based on steerable beam
In these three localization methods, the auditory localization technology formed based on steerable beam is to be widely used in practice
The more mature localization method of one kind.The basic thought of the algorithm is: according to assumed condition objective function, by adjusting
The weight that microphone array receives signal makes objective function output maximum.Wherein most typically postpone summation Wave beam forming
(Delay-and-Sum Beamforming, DSB) algorithm.The basic principle of DSB algorithm is, by adjusting microphone array
Receiving direction is scanned in entire reception space, and prominent orientation is the orientation of sound source.The algorithm is moved using the time
The mode of position makes up time delay, is averaged by weighting to obtain array output, weight is determined by the phase delay between each array element
It is fixed.
Develop micromation, flexibly intelligent efficient auditory localization identifying system is the important of microphone array technology development
Trend.
Summary of the invention
Technical problems to be solved
In order to avoid the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of auditory localization based on MEMS microphone array
System.
Technical solution
A kind of sonic location system based on MEMS microphone array, it is characterised in that including MEMS uniform circular array microphone
Array, FPGA and ARM+DSP, FPGA provide 2.4M clock signal, FPGA parallel acquisition to MEMS uniform circular array microphone array
Multichannel MEMS uniform circular array Microphone Array Speech signal by down-sampled and caching process, then passes through gigabit network interface for language
Sound signal is transferred to progress auditory localization algorithm process on ARM+DSP processor, realizes the function of speech enhan-cement and auditory localization,
And feed back positioning result to MEMS uniform circular array microphone array by network interface, corresponding LED light is lighted, while in display screen
The upper corresponding positioning result of display.
The MEMS uniform circular array microphone array is classified as the 6 array element uniform circular array microphone arrays that radius is 5cm.
The model EP4CE30F23C6 of the FPGA.
Beneficial effect
A kind of sonic location system based on MEMS microphone array proposed by the present invention forms sound source using steerable beam
Location algorithm, this system have stability and anti-interference small in size, integrated level is high, excellent and can quickly determine sound source side
The features such as position:
(1) parallel acquisition and gigabit network interface high-speed transfer function of multichannel Microphone Array Speech signal are realized using FPGA
Can, it can be good at the integrality for guaranteeing voice signal.
(2) auditory localization optimization algorithm is realized using the optimization processing that DSP is carried, algorithm positioning accuracy is high, orientation estimation
Time only needs 0.1s, meets requirement of real-time.
(3) ARM+DSP+FPGA heterogeneous polynuclear framework is used, multicore respectively advantage is given full play to, is cooperated, system is steady
Qualitative and anti-interference is excellent.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is present system protocol procedures block diagram.
Fig. 2 is speech signal collection processing schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is round battle array microphone array schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is inventive microphone array PCB schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is positioning result dial plate display figure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is display figure in positioning result orientation of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is signal processing flow block diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Now in conjunction with embodiment, attached drawing, the invention will be further described:
This system specifically divides are as follows: signal acquisition module, data transmission module, algorithm processing module.
Each module concrete function are as follows:
(1) signal acquisition module, the present invention are connect by FPGA parallel acquisition multichannel MEMS uniform circular array microphone array
The voice signal received,
(2) data transmission module, the present invention are showed between voice acquisition module and algorithm processing module using kilomega network cause for gossip
Communication, using UDP transport protocol.
(3) algorithm processing module, the present invention use auditory localization algorithm processing module of the ARM+DSP as system, meet
The requirement of real-time of system.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is a set of sonic location system based on microphone array, composition includes signal acquisition
Module, data transmission module, algorithm processing module three parts.The fpga chip that the present invention is EP4CE30F23C6 using master chip
Parallel acquisition multichannel MEMS uniform circular array Microphone Array Speech signal, by down-sampled and caching process, then passes through gigabit
Network interface will be handled on transmitting voice signal to dsp processor, realize the function of speech enhan-cement and auditory localization, and will positioning
As a result it is fed back by network interface to microphone array, lights corresponding LED light, while the corresponding positioning knot of display on a display screen
Fruit.
As shown in Fig. 2, being speech signal collection processing schematic of the invention.It is carried out using the 2.4M clock that FPGA is provided
Multicenter voice signal acquisition caches collected 0,1 data in FPGA, down-sampled processing.In the debugging stage, lead to
It crosses network interface (udp protocol) to be transferred on computer, is reduced into voice signal, In using FIR bandpass filter in Matlab software
The actual measurement stage will carry out algorithm process by network interface on transmitting voice signal to dsp processor.
It as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, is uniform circular array schematic diagram and PCB schematic diagram of the invention.With even linear array and L-type battle array phase
Than uniform circular array can provide 360 ° of coverage area in an azimutal direction, and resolution having the same in all directions
Ability and estimated accuracy.Incorporation engineering demand and theory deduction analysis, it is the 6 array element uniform circular arrays of 5cm that the present invention, which selects radius,
Microphone array.
It as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6, is positioning result dial plate and orientation display figure of the invention, according to the fructufy of algorithm process
Shi Gengxin numerical value and waveform.
As shown in fig. 7, being signal processing flow block diagram of the invention.After carrying out system initialization, DSP can pass through
Network interface receives the voice data that FPGA is transmitted.Signal detection is carried out first, and when only detecting signal, program will be from this moment
Data start storage to buffer area；Add up certain amount of voice data and then carries out steady efficient controllable waveform formation sound source
Location algorithm processing, calculates and exports orientation estimated result；Program will do it the estimation work of orientation next time later.
The present invention uses ARM+DSP+FPGA heterogeneous polynuclear framework, using the auditory localization algorithm of stability and high efficiency, it is intended to take
A set of sonic location system based on mini microphone array is built out, system has stability small in size, integrated level is high, excellent
With anti-interference and the features such as can quickly determine sound bearing.Thinking is provided for the exploitation of similar products at home and abroad, is facilitated
Further lifting system working performance, has important engineering research meaning.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of sonic location system based on MEMS microphone array, it is characterised in that including MEMS uniform circular array microphone array
Column, FPGA and ARM+DSP, FPGA provide 2.4M clock signal to MEMS uniform circular array microphone array, and FPGA parallel acquisition is more
Channel MEMS uniform circular array Microphone Array Speech signal by down-sampled and caching process, then passes through gigabit network interface for voice
Signal is transferred to progress auditory localization algorithm process on ARM+DSP processor, realizes the function of speech enhan-cement and auditory localization, and
Positioning result is fed back by network interface to MEMS uniform circular array microphone array, lights corresponding LED light, while on a display screen
Show corresponding positioning result.
2. a kind of sonic location system based on MEMS microphone array according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
MEMS uniform circular array microphone array be classified as radius be 5cm 6 array element uniform circular array microphone arrays.
3. a kind of sonic location system based on MEMS microphone array according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
FPGA model EP4CE30F23C6.
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| EP1473964A2 (en) * | 2003-05-02 | 2004-11-03 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Microphone array, method to process signals from this microphone array and speech recognition method and system using the same |
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Inventor after: Wang Yingmin Inventor after: Wang Qi Inventor after: Zhu Jianchao Inventor after: Qi Chongmin Inventor after: Fan Zhuangyuan Inventor before: Zhu Jianchao Inventor before: Wang Qi Inventor before: Wang Yingmin Inventor before: Qi Chongmin Inventor before: Fan Zhuangyuan |
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Application publication date: 20191105 |