CN110412404A - A kind of winding slap fault diagnosis method based on transformer acoustic picture contrast - Google Patents
A kind of winding slap fault diagnosis method based on transformer acoustic picture contrast Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of winding slap fault diagnosis methods based on transformer acoustic picture contrast, transformer winding slap fault diagnosis field, by being compared with the acoustic picture under transformer fingerprint experimental condition, histogram equalization processing is carried out to acoustic picture respectively and obtains transformer acoustical matrix, it calculates histogram equalization processing and obtains the feature vector of transformer acoustical matrix, cosine angle distance is calculated according to two feature vectors, judges that transformer winding loosens by cosine angle distance.Suitable for transformer on-line checking and overcome the shortcomings that typicalness is lacked based on analysis of vibration signal method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to transformer winding slap fault diagnosis fields, more particularly to one kind to be based on transformer acoustic picture pair
Than the winding slap fault diagnosis method of degree.
Background technique
Power transformer is the important power equipment for realizing voltage transformation and electric energy transmission.Separate unit high voltage, large capacity
Power transformer involves great expense, and plays decisive role to the safe and reliable operation of electric system, once it breaks down, often
Involve in extensive range, may cause huge economic loss and painful casualties.Power transformer is in harsh complexity
Running environment and uninterrupted load carrying month after month throughout the year is needed, aging occurs, loss, even failure are difficult to avoid that.
Transformer winding fault is primarily referred to as transformer winding and is generated the shape for being difficult to restore by the effect of stable state or transient state electromagnetic force
Become.According to the difference of Deformation Types, can classify to transformer winding mechanical breakdown.Transformer winding mechanical breakdown includes
Winding loosening, winding dislocation, winding bulge and winding warpage etc., it is that most commonly seen transformer winding is mechanical that wherein winding, which loosens,
Failure.The reason of being loosened according to winding can loosen transformer winding and be divided into three types, be electronic masterpiece respectively
The loosening under loosening, mechanical force under, the loosening under composite factor effect.Loosening under electrodynamic action includes stable state
The slight loosening that transformer body vibration generates winding under service condition, and run down under the action of accumulative effect and temporarily
If the natural mode shape of winding generates covibration close to forced oscillation frequency when state short circuit, lead to cushion block dislocation, bolt
It loosens, winding generates more serious loosening under factors effect；Loosening under mechanical force refers to that transformer is being transported
It is defeated to be shaken in the process since haulage vehicle or ships that transport are hit, so that inside transformer mechanical structure is generated what displacement occurred in turn
It loosens；Composite factor effect under loosening refer to cushion block aging, cushion block fall, winding deformation, including the other components of transformer
The loosening that mechanically deform generates winding.
Recent domestic carries out numerous studies to the diagnostic method that transformer winding loosens, and common method has frequency sweep resistance
Anti- method, frequency response method and analysis of vibration signal method.Frequency sweep impedance method and frequency response method are usually used in offline inspection and step
Cumbersome, there is measuring point selection in analysis of vibration signal method, and the method for diagnosing faults based on single point vibration signal lacks
Typicalness, for different measuring points, diagnostic result may be different, are easy to produce erroneous judgement.Frequency sweep impedance method using electricity due to being joined
The foundation as fault diagnosis is measured, and electricity parameter is often difficult to react transformer mechanical breakdown, such as winding loosens.Frequency is rung
Answer method to there are problems that measuring point selection, for different measuring points, frequency response curve is also different, and corresponding criterion be it is fixed,
So when measuring point changes, the case where being easy to appear erroneous judgement.And transformer acoustic picture describes the sound of transformer entirety
Parameter characteristic is learned, measuring point select permeability is not present, thus diagnostic result has typicalness and stability, is not susceptible to fail to judge.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of winding slap fault diagnosis sides based on transformer acoustic picture contrast
Method, thus solve the disadvantage that the isallobaric device winding slap fault diagnosis method of traditional frequency sweep impedance method, frequency response method and
Deficiency, and the transformer winding slap fault diagnosis method based on single or a small amount of tank surface vibration signal characteristics lack
Typicalness, the shortcomings that being easy to happen erroneous judgement and fail to judge.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of winding looseness faults based on transformer acoustic picture contrast
Diagnostic method, comprising the following steps:
S1, the transformer that transformer winding does not loosen lower operation is acquired out；
Acoustic picture when transformer on-line operation to be measured under the conditions of S2, collection site；
S3, processing is sharpened to the obtained acoustic picture of S1 and S2 respectively and is converted to grayscale image, grayscale image is carried out
Histogram equalization processing obtains transformer acoustical matrix, and the transformer acoustical matrix includes original acoustic matrix and sound to be measured
Learn image；
S4, the gray level co-occurrence matrixes for calculating separately original acoustic matrix and acoustic picture to be measured, obtain original co-occurrence matrix
With co-occurrence matrix to be measured；
The feature vector that S5, the contrast for calculating separately original co-occurrence matrix and co-occurrence matrix to be measured are constituted, obtains by right
The original co-occurrence matrix feature vector and co-occurrence matrix feature vector to be measured constituted than degree；
S6, the original co-occurrence matrix feature vector and co-occurrence matrix feature vector to be measured being made of contrast are calculated separately
Cosine angle distance；
S7, judge that winding loosens state according to the cosine angle distance.
Further, the transformer acoustical matrix are as follows: establish oxyz reference axis in tank surface, z-axis is to tank surface
The sound pressure levels of measuring point are measured；Y-axis measures the acoustic pressure of the vibration measuring point in the direction tank surface y；X-axis is to gas tank gage
The face direction x acoustic pressure measure-point amount is measured；Then each measuring point of tank surface corresponds to a three-dimensional array (x, y, z), x ∈
(1,2,3,4 ..., Nx), y ∈ (1,2,3,4 ..., Ny), z ∈ (1,2,3,4 ..., Ng), wherein NxFor the total of the direction x measuring point
Number, NyFor the sum of the direction y measuring point, NgFor the total number of degrees of acoustic pressure；Then transformer acoustical matrixIn arbitrary element PI, j:
PI, j=z (i=x, j=y).
Further, the gray level co-occurrence matrixes are Pc(i, j, d, θ), the gray level co-occurrence matrixes pass through formula (1), formula
(2), formula (3) and formula (4) are calculated:
In formula (1), formula (2), formula (3) and formula (4): card represent meet in the acoustics of set condition element to (k, l) and
The number of (m, n)；D is element to spacing；θ be element in coordinate plane with positive direction of the x-axis angulation；K is cosine folder
Angular distance, l are the distances in matrix between element；M is the row subscript of element in matrix, and n is the column subscript of element in matrix.
Further, it is defined according to acoustic picture contrast, obtains the calculation formula of described eigenvector are as follows:
In formula (5), FCONIt is characterized value；Then described eigenvector is (FCON0°,FCON45°,FCON90°,FCON135°)。
Further, the original co-occurrence matrix feature vector is a, the co-occurrence matrix feature vector b to be measured, described remaining
String angle distance k are as follows: k=< a, b >/| a | | b |.
Further, judge the condition that winding loosens are as follows: when the cosine angle distance is greater than 0.98, then winding state
Well；When the cosine angle distance be greater than 0.96, less than 0.98 when, then winding slightly loosens；When the cosine angle distance
When less than 0.96, then winding seriously loosens.
Further, it is the transformer under the conditions of factory that transformer winding, which does not loosen the transformer of lower operation,.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: of the invention a kind of based on transformer acoustic picture
The winding slap fault diagnosis method of contrast, by being compared with the acoustic picture under transformer fingerprint experimental condition, point
It is other that transformer acoustical matrix is obtained to acoustic picture progress histogram equalization processing, it calculates histogram equalization processing and is become
The feature vector of depressor acoustical matrix is calculated cosine angle distance according to two feature vectors, passes through cosine angle distance
Judge that transformer winding loosens.In this way, substation's operation maintenance personnel can judge under conditions of not hanging cover transformer around
Group loosening situation, saves the time consumed by live maintenance work, improves work efficiency, enhance the peace of transformer station high-voltage side bus
Full property and stability for avoiding the failure caused by being loosened by Winding in Power Transformer from having positive effect, and are suitable for becoming
Depressor on-line checking overcomes the shortcomings that lacking typicalness based on analysis of vibration signal method.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to attached drawing needed in embodiment description in order to illustrate more clearly of technical method of the invention
It is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only one embodiment of the present of invention, general for this field
For logical technical staff, without creative efforts, it is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of process of the winding slap fault diagnosis method based on transformer acoustic picture contrast of the present invention
Figure.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical method in the present invention is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art's every other embodiment obtained without creative labor,
It shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the winding slap fault diagnosis side provided by the present invention based on transformer acoustic picture contrast
Method the following steps are included:
The acoustic picture of transformer when transformer specified operation conditions under the conditions of S1, acquisition factory.
Acoustic picture when transformer on-line operation to be measured under the conditions of S2, collection site.
S3, the obtained acoustic picture of S1 and S2 is sharpened respectively handles and be converted to grayscale image, and to grayscale image into
Column hisgram equalization processing obtains original acoustic matrix Zmm and acoustic picture Cmm to be measured；
Transformer acoustical matrix is defined as follows:
Oxyz reference axis is established in tank surface, z-axis measures the sound pressure levels of tank surface measuring point；Y-axis is to oil
The acoustic pressure of the vibration measuring point in the case surface direction y is measured；X-axis measures the direction tank surface x acoustic pressure measure-point amount, then
Each measuring point of tank surface corresponds to a three-dimensional array (x, y, z), x ∈ (1,2,3,4 ..., Nx), y ∈ (1,2,3,
4 ..., Ny), z ∈ (1,2,3,4 ..., Ng), wherein NxFor the sum of the direction x measuring point, NyFor the sum of the direction y measuring point, NgFor sound
Press total number of degrees；Transformer acoustical matrixIn arbitrary element PI, j: PI, j=z (i=x, j=y).
S4, the gray level co-occurrence matrixes for calculating separately original acoustic matrix Zmm and acoustic picture Cmm to be measured, obtain original total
Raw matrix A xy and co-occurrence matrix Bxy to be measured；
The co-occurrence matrix P corresponding to it can be defined as transformer acoustical matrixc, arbitrary element P in co-occurrence matrixc
(i, j, d, θ) can be used following formula to seek:
In formula (1), formula (2), formula (3) and formula (4): card represent meet in the acoustics of set condition element to (k, l) and
The number of (m, n)；D is element to spacing；θ be element in coordinate plane with positive direction of the x-axis angulation；K is cosine folder
Angular distance, l are the distances in matrix between element；M is the row subscript of element in matrix, and n is the column subscript of element in matrix.
The feature vector that S5, the contrast for calculating separately original co-occurrence matrix Axy and co-occurrence matrix Bxy to be measured are constituted, obtains
To the original co-occurrence matrix feature vector a and co-occurrence matrix feature vector b to be measured being made of contrast；
It is defined according to acoustic picture contrast:
In formula (5), FCONIt is characterized value；
The original co-occurrence matrix feature vector a=(F being then made of contrast1CON0°,F1CON45°,F1CON90°,F1CON135°),
The co-occurrence matrix feature vector b=(F to be measured being made of contrast2CON0°,F2CON45°,F2CON90°,F2CON135°)。
S6, the original co-occurrence matrix feature vector a being made of contrast and co-occurrence matrix feature vector b to be measured are calculated separately
Cosine angle distance k；Cosine angle distance are as follows: k=< a, b >/| a | | b |.
S7, judge that winding loosens state, cosine angle distance according to cosine angle distance k table corresponding with winding loosening situation
K table corresponding with winding loosening situation is as shown in table 1.
1 cosine angle distance k of table table corresponding with winding loosening situation
0.98 and the 0.96 of cosine angle distance k use is used as judgment basis, and 0.98 and 0.96 is according to a large amount of scene
The empirical value proposed with laboratory test.
To sum up, a kind of winding slap fault diagnosis method based on transformer acoustic picture contrast of the present invention, by with
Acoustic picture under transformer fingerprint experimental condition compares, and cosine angle distance is obtained by calculation and judges transformer winding
Loosen, be suitable for transformer on-line checking and, due to this method there is no vibration measuring point selection the problem of, for same transformation
Device judges that comparison other is uniquely, there is a problem of measuring point selection difficulty compared to based on analysis of vibration signal method, it
Effectively overcome the shortcomings that typicalness is lacked based on analysis of vibration signal method.
Above disclosed is only a specific embodiment of the invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can readily occur in variation or modification,
It is covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of winding slap fault diagnosis method based on transformer acoustic picture contrast, it is characterised in that: including following
Step:
S1, the acoustic picture that transformer winding does not loosen the transformer of lower operation is acquired out；
Acoustic picture when transformer on-line operation to be measured under the conditions of S2, collection site；
S3, processing is sharpened to the obtained acoustic picture of S1 and S2 respectively and is converted to grayscale image, and grayscale image carried out straight
Square figure equalization processing obtains transformer acoustical matrix, and the transformer acoustical matrix includes original acoustic matrix and acoustics to be measured
Image；
S4, the gray level co-occurrence matrixes for calculating separately original acoustic matrix and acoustic picture to be measured, obtain original co-occurrence matrix and to
Survey co-occurrence matrix；
The feature vector that S5, the contrast for calculating separately original co-occurrence matrix and co-occurrence matrix to be measured are constituted, obtains by contrast
The original co-occurrence matrix feature vector and co-occurrence matrix feature vector to be measured constituted；
S6, the cosine for calculating separately the original co-occurrence matrix feature vector and co-occurrence matrix feature vector to be measured that are made of contrast
Angle distance；
S7, judge that winding loosens state according to the cosine angle distance.
2. the winding slap fault diagnosis method according to claim 1 based on transformer acoustic picture contrast, special
Sign is: the transformer acoustical matrix are as follows: establishes oxyz reference axis, acoustic pressure of the z-axis to tank surface measuring point in tank surface
Grade is measured；Y-axis measures the acoustic pressure of the vibration measuring point in the direction tank surface y；X-axis is to the direction tank surface x sound
Pressure measure-point amount is measured；The then corresponding three-dimensional array (x, y, z) of each measuring point of tank surface, x ∈ (1,2,3,
4 ..., Nx), y ∈ (1,2,3,4 ..., Ny), z ∈ (1,2,3,4 ..., Ng), wherein NxFor the sum of the direction x measuring point, NyFor the side y
To the sum of measuring point, NgFor the total number of degrees of acoustic pressure；Then transformer acoustical matrixIn arbitrary element PI, j: PI, j=z (i=
X, j=y).
3. the winding slap fault diagnosis method according to claim 2 based on transformer acoustic picture contrast, special
Sign is: the gray level co-occurrence matrixes are Pc(i, j, d, θ), the gray level co-occurrence matrixes by formula (1), formula (2), formula (3) and
Formula (4) is calculated:
In formula (1), formula (2), formula (3) and formula (4): card, which is represented, meets in the acoustics of set condition element to (k, l) and (m, n)
Number；D is element to spacing；θ be element in coordinate plane with positive direction of the x-axis angulation；K be cosine angle away from
From l is the distance in matrix between element；M is the row subscript of element in matrix, and n is the column subscript of element in matrix.
4. the winding slap fault diagnosis method according to claim 3 based on transformer acoustic picture contrast, special
Sign is: being defined according to acoustic picture contrast, obtains the calculation formula of described eigenvector are as follows:
In formula (5), FCONIt is characterized value；Then described eigenvector is (FCON0°, FCON45°, FCON90°, FCON135°)。
5. the winding slap fault diagnosis method according to claim 1 based on transformer acoustic picture contrast, special
Sign is: the original co-occurrence matrix feature vector be a, the co-occurrence matrix feature vector b to be measured, then the cosine angle away from
From k are as follows: k=< a, b >/| a | | b |.
6. the winding slap fault diagnosis method according to claim 1 based on transformer acoustic picture contrast, special
Sign is: judging the condition that winding loosens are as follows: when the cosine angle distance is greater than 0.98, then winding state is good；Work as institute
State cosine angle distance greater than 0.96, less than 0.98 when, then winding slightly loosens；When the cosine angle distance is less than 0.96
When, then winding seriously loosens.
7. the winding slap fault diagnosis method according to claim 1 based on transformer acoustic picture contrast, special
Sign is: transformer winding do not loosen lower operation transformer be factory under the conditions of transformer.
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