CN110411521A - A kind of oil well Phase Volume Fraction for Multi-phase Flow on-line metering method based on twin-jet nozzle - Google Patents
A kind of oil well Phase Volume Fraction for Multi-phase Flow on-line metering method based on twin-jet nozzle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于多相流计量技术领域，特别是一种基于双喷嘴的油井多相流分相含率在线计量方法，包括以下步骤：(1)采集两个喷嘴的瞬时差压值；(2)计算出压差信号波动的标准差；(3)将标准差进行无量纲处理；(4)拟合无量纲参数Z1与含气率和雷诺数相关式；(5)拟合无量纲参数Z2与含气率和弗劳德数的相关式；(6)联立关系式得到含气率与无量纲参数的关系式；(7)通过射频含水仪获得含水率W；(8)利用多相流分相模型进行总流量的计算；本发明提供的计量方法，通过加入雷诺数与弗劳德数，考虑了流动的影响，确保了计量精度。
The invention belongs to the technical field of multiphase flow metering, in particular to an online metering method for oil well multiphase flow separation phase holdup based on double nozzles, comprising the following steps: (1) collecting instantaneous differential pressure values of two nozzles; (2) Calculate the standard deviation of the differential pressure signal fluctuation; (3) process the standard deviation dimensionless; (4) fit the dimensionless parameter Z 1 with the gas fraction and Reynolds number correlation; (5) fit the dimensionless parameter Z 2. Correlation formula with gas content rate and Froude number; (6) Simultaneous relational expression to obtain the relationship formula between gas content rate and dimensionless parameters; (7) Obtain water content W by radio frequency water content meter; (8) Use multiple The phase flow and phase separation model is used to calculate the total flow rate; the measurement method provided by the invention, by adding the Reynolds number and the Froude number, considers the influence of the flow and ensures the measurement accuracy.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于多相流计量技术领域，特别是一种基于双喷嘴的油井多相流分相含率在线计量方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of multiphase flow measurement, in particular to an on-line measurement method for phase separation holdup of oil well multiphase flow based on double nozzles.
背景技术Background technique
在原有的开采过程中，为了解地层油气含量变化，需要对油井产出液中各组分的含率及流量进行连续计量并提供实时计量数据。In the original production process, in order to understand the change of oil and gas content in the formation, it is necessary to continuously measure the holdup and flow rate of each component in the oil well output fluid and provide real-time measurement data.
目前，原油计量方法包括有人工计量和在线计量。人工计量操作简单，但存在取样代表性差、连续性差且耗时等缺点，不能满足油田生产自动化管理的需要；在线计量可以改善油田生产自动化水平，实现实时监测功能，但是目前的产品大多存在适用性差，精度低等问题。At present, crude oil measurement methods include manual measurement and online measurement. Manual metering is simple to operate, but has disadvantages such as poor sampling representativeness, poor continuity, and time-consuming, which cannot meet the needs of oilfield production automation management; online metering can improve oilfield production automation and realize real-time monitoring functions, but most of the current products have poor applicability , low precision and other issues.
差压式多相流计量设备结构简单，可靠性高，技术成熟，成本低且维护方便，在多相流各流型下能够较为稳定的工作。在多相流领域，国内外专家学者利用差压原理计算多相流分相含率做了很多尝试和努力。Murdock、James、Chisholm、Smith、Lin、Steven和Steven and Hall等都对差压式流量计气液两相流的测量模型进行了理论和实验研究，获得了一系列的半经验测量模型，对于混合流量的计量有了很大提高。但这些经验模型适用范围窄，只在各自适用范围内有较好的效果。特别对于小流量，高含气的工况缺乏适应性。多相流计量技术远比单相流的难度大，因此，研究一种油井多相流分相含率在线计量方法及系统，使其满足计量精准，应用范围广且使用成本低，将会是一件十分必要且有意义的工作。The differential pressure multiphase flow metering equipment has simple structure, high reliability, mature technology, low cost and convenient maintenance, and can work relatively stably under various flow patterns of multiphase flow. In the field of multiphase flow, experts and scholars at home and abroad have made many attempts and efforts to calculate the phase holdup of multiphase flow using the principle of differential pressure. Murdock, James, Chisholm, Smith, Lin, Steven and Steven and Hall all conducted theoretical and experimental research on the measurement model of gas-liquid two-phase flow in differential pressure flowmeters, and obtained a series of semi-empirical measurement models. Flow measurement has been greatly improved. However, these empirical models have a narrow scope of application and only have good results within their respective scope of application. Especially for the working condition of small flow and high gas content, it lacks adaptability. Multiphase flow measurement technology is far more difficult than single-phase flow. Therefore, it will be important to study an online measurement method and system for phase holdup of multiphase flow in oil wells, so that it can meet the requirements of accurate measurement, wide application range and low use cost. A very necessary and meaningful work.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种油井多相流分相含率在线计量方法，该计量方法具有计量精准、应用范围广的优点。In view of the problems in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an online measurement method for phase holdup of multiphase fluid in oil wells. The measurement method has the advantages of accurate measurement and wide application range.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:
一种基于双喷嘴的油井多相流分相含率在线计量方法，包括以下步骤：An on-line metering method for phase holdup of multiphase fluids in oil wells based on double nozzles, comprising the following steps:
(1)采集两个喷嘴的瞬时差压值△P1，△P2；(1) Collect the instantaneous differential pressure values △P 1 and △P 2 of the two nozzles;
(2)压差信号波动的标准差δP1、δP2，可以表示为：(2) The standard deviation δP 1 and δP 2 of the differential pressure signal fluctuation can be expressed as:
其中，n为差压瞬时值采样个数；Among them, n is the sampling number of instantaneous value of differential pressure;
ΔPt1为差压一的时均值，ΔPi1为差压一瞬时差压值；ΔP t1 is the time-average value of differential pressure 1, ΔP i1 is the instantaneous differential pressure value of differential pressure 1;
ΔPt2为差压二的时均值，ΔPi2为差压二瞬时差压值；ΔP t2 is the time average value of differential pressure 2, ΔP i2 is the instantaneous differential pressure value of differential pressure 2;
(3)定义无量纲参数Z1、Z2：(3) Define dimensionless parameters Z 1 and Z 2 :
Z1＝δP1/ΔPt1 (3)Z 1 =δP 1 /ΔP t1 (3)
Z2＝δP2/ΔPt2 (4)Z 2 =δP 2 /ΔP t2 (4)
(4)拟合无量纲参数Z1与含气率和雷诺数相关式：(4) Fitting correlation between dimensionless parameter Z 1 and gas fraction and Reynolds number:
Z1＝Aμa1(Re/104)b1 (5)Z 1 =Aμ a1 (Re/10 4 ) b1 (5)
其中，μ为气相体积含率；Among them, μ is the gas phase volume fraction;
Re为液相雷诺数，当管径一定时雷诺数仅为流量的单值函数；Re is the Reynolds number of the liquid phase. When the pipe diameter is constant, the Reynolds number is only a single-valued function of the flow rate;
其中，ρl为液相密度，ql为液相流量，μa为粘度，d1为喷嘴一的内径；Wherein, ρ 1 is the liquid phase density, q 1 is the liquid phase flow rate, μ a is the viscosity, and d 1 is the inner diameter of the nozzle one;
(5)拟合无量纲参数Z2与含气率和弗劳德数的相关式：(5) Fitting the correlation formula between dimensionless parameter Z 2 and gas fraction and Froude number:
其中，ρl液相密度，ql为液相流量，d2为喷嘴二的内径，ρg为气相密度，g为重力速度；Among them, ρ1 is the liquid phase density, q1 is the liquid phase flow rate, d2 is the inner diameter of the nozzle 2 , ρg is the gas phase density, and g is the gravity velocity;
通过实验数据进行回归确定系数A、B、a1、b1、a2、b2；Determine coefficients A, B, a 1 , b 1 , a 2 , b 2 through regression of experimental data;
(6)将关系式(5)、(7)相乘，整理后可得如下关系式(9)，在a1、b1、a2、b2已知的情况下，求解体积含气率μ需迭代求解：(6) Multiply the relational formulas (5) and (7), and after sorting out, the following relational formula (9) can be obtained. When a 1 , b 1 , a 2 , and b 2 are known, the volume gas fraction can be solved μ needs to be solved iteratively:
(7)通过射频含水仪测量得到含水率W；(7) Obtain the water content W by measuring with a radio frequency water content meter;
(8)利用多相流分相模型进行总流量的计算：(8) Calculate the total flow rate by using the phase separation model of multiphase flow:
其中：Q为流体的质量流量，单位kg/s；Where: Q is the mass flow rate of the fluid, in kg/s;
C为流出系数，无量纲；C is the outflow coefficient, dimensionless;
ε为被测介质的可膨胀性系数，对于液体ε等于1，对气体、蒸汽、溶解油等可压缩流体ε小于1，无量纲；ε is the expandability coefficient of the measured medium, for liquid ε is equal to 1, for gas, steam, dissolved oil and other compressible fluids ε is less than 1, dimensionless;
A为过流面积，由d可得到；A is the flow area, which can be obtained from d;
d为工作状况下节流件的等效开孔直径，单位m；d is the equivalent opening diameter of the throttling part under working conditions, in m;
ΔP为节流差压，单位Pa；ΔP is the throttling differential pressure, unit Pa;
β为直径比，无量纲，β＝d/D，D为管线直径，单位m；β is the diameter ratio, dimensionless, β=d/D, D is the diameter of the pipeline, the unit is m;
ρl为工作状况下，节流前上游处液体的密度，单位kg/m3；ρ l is the density of the liquid at the upstream before throttling under working conditions, unit kg/m 3 ;
ρg为工作状况下，节流前上游处气体的密度，单位kg/m3；ρ g is the density of gas at the upstream before throttling under working conditions, unit kg/m 3 ;
x为质量含气率，a，b通过实验数据拟合出来的结果；x is mass gas fraction, a, b are the results fitted by experimental data;
(9)x由体积含气率μ计算而来：(9)x is calculated from the volumetric gas fraction μ:
(10)油气水三相分相流量为：(10) The three-phase separation flow rate of oil, gas and water is:
Ql＝Qa×x；Q l =Q a ×x;
Qo＝Qa×(1-x)×(1-W)；Q o = Q a × (1-x) × (1-W);
Qw＝Qa×(1-x)×W；Qw = Qa × (1-x) × W ;
其中，Q为总质量流量，x为质量含气率，Ql为液相流量，Qo为油相流量，W为含水率，Qw为水相流量；Wherein, Q is the total mass flow rate, x is the mass gas fraction, Q l is the liquid phase flow rate, Q o is the oil phase flow rate, W is the water cut rate, and Q w is the water phase flow rate;
(11)对两个喷嘴产生的差压分别求解流量，计算平均值作为流量输出结果。(11) Solve the flow rate separately for the differential pressure generated by the two nozzles, and calculate the average value as the output result of the flow rate.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:
1、本发明提供的基于双喷嘴的油井多相流分相含率在线计量方法，无需分离装置，用于在线测量的装置结构简单，占地面积小，安装方便；在具体的计量过程中，摒弃了传统的伽马射线法算含气率，减少射线给环境带来的危害；1. The dual-nozzle-based on-line metering method for oil well multiphase phase separation phase holdup provided by the present invention does not require a separation device, and the device for on-line measurement has a simple structure, a small footprint, and is easy to install; in the specific metering process, Abandoning the traditional gamma ray method to calculate the gas content rate, reducing the harm of rays to the environment;
2、本发明提供的在线计量方法中，通过在拟合压差波动信号特征值与含气率的关系式时，加入雷诺数和弗劳德数，考虑了流动的影响，提高了拟合的精度。2. In the online metering method provided by the present invention, by adding the Reynolds number and the Froude number when fitting the relationship between the characteristic value of the differential pressure fluctuation signal and the gas fraction, the influence of the flow is considered, and the fitting accuracy is improved. precision.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明提供的在线计量油井多相流分相含率的方法示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the method for the on-line metering oil well multiphase fluid phase holdup provided by the present invention;
图中标号说明：1-温压一体化传感器，2-第一高精度差压计，3-第二高精度差压计，4-射频含水仪，5-第一喷嘴节流件，6-第二喷嘴节流件。Explanation of symbols in the figure: 1-integrated temperature and pressure sensor, 2-the first high-precision differential pressure gauge, 3-the second high-precision differential pressure gauge, 4-radio frequency water content meter, 5-the first nozzle throttling member, 6- Second nozzle restrictor.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体附图，进一步阐明本发明。In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further clarified below in conjunction with specific drawings.
结合图1所示为本发明提供的一种基于双喷嘴的油井多相流分相含率在线计量方法的示意图，如依次连接的第一喷嘴节流件5和第二喷嘴节流件6，以及设置在第一喷嘴节流件5两端的第一高精度差压计2，设置在第二喷嘴节流件6两端的第二高精度差压计3；In conjunction with Fig. 1, it is a schematic diagram of an on-line metering method for oil well multiphase fluid phase holdup based on double nozzles provided by the present invention, such as the first nozzle throttling member 5 and the second nozzle throttling member 6 connected in sequence, And the first high-precision differential pressure gauge 2 arranged at both ends of the first nozzle throttling member 5, and the second high-precision differential pressure gauge 3 arranged at both ends of the second nozzle throttling member 6;
在第一喷嘴节流件5远离第二喷嘴节流件6的一端设置有温压一体化传感器1；An integrated temperature and pressure sensor 1 is provided at the end of the first nozzle throttling element 5 away from the second nozzle throttling element 6;
在第二喷嘴节流件6远离第一喷嘴节流件5的一端设置有射频含水仪4。A radio frequency moisture meter 4 is provided at the end of the second nozzle throttling element 6 away from the first nozzle throttling element 5 .
两个喷嘴节流件的内径不同，其中，第一喷嘴节流件5的内径为d1，第二喷嘴节流件6的内径为d2；The inner diameters of the two nozzle throttling parts are different, wherein the inner diameter of the first nozzle throttling part 5 is d 1 , and the inner diameter of the second nozzle throttling part 6 is d2 ;
多相流分相含率在线计量方法包括以下步骤：The on-line metering method of multiphase fluid phase holdup comprises the following steps:
(1)采集两个喷嘴的瞬时差压值△P1，△P2，该瞬时差压值△P1，△P2即分别为第一高精度差压计2、第二高精度差压计3所读出的瞬时数据；(1) Collect the instantaneous differential pressure values △P 1 and △P 2 of the two nozzles. The instantaneous differential pressure values △P 1 and △P 2 are respectively the first high-precision differential pressure gauge 2 and the second high-precision differential pressure gauge The instantaneous data read out by meter 3;
(2)分别计算第一喷嘴节流件5和第二喷嘴节流件6产生的压差的标准差，即压差信号波动的标准差δP1、δP2，可以表示为：(2) Calculate the standard deviation of the pressure difference generated by the first nozzle throttling member 5 and the second nozzle throttling member 6 respectively, that is, the standard deviation of the differential pressure signal fluctuations δP 1 , δP 2 , which can be expressed as:
其中，n为差压瞬时值采样个数；Among them, n is the sampling number of instantaneous value of differential pressure;
ΔPt1为差压一的时均值，ΔPi1为差压一瞬时差压值；ΔP t1 is the time-average value of differential pressure 1, ΔP i1 is the instantaneous differential pressure value of differential pressure 1;
ΔPt2为差压二的时均值，ΔPi2为差压二瞬时差压值；ΔP t2 is the time average value of differential pressure 2, ΔP i2 is the instantaneous differential pressure value of differential pressure 2;
(3)将标准差进行无量纲处理，即定义无量纲参数Z1、Z2：(3) Treat the standard deviation as dimensionless, that is, define dimensionless parameters Z 1 and Z 2 :
Z1＝δP1/ΔPt1 (3)Z 1 =δP 1 /ΔP t1 (3)
Z2＝δP2/ΔPt2 (4)Z 2 =δP 2 /ΔP t2 (4)
(4)拟合无量纲参数Z1与含气率和雷诺数相关式：(4) Fitting correlation between dimensionless parameter Z 1 and gas fraction and Reynolds number:
Z1＝Aμa1(Re/104)b1 (5)Z 1 =Aμ a1 (Re/10 4 ) b1 (5)
其中，μ为气相体积含率；Among them, μ is the gas phase volume fraction;
Re为液相雷诺数，当管径一定时雷诺数仅为流量的单值函数；Re is the Reynolds number of the liquid phase. When the pipe diameter is constant, the Reynolds number is only a single-valued function of the flow rate;
其中，ρl为液相密度，ql为液相流量，μa为粘度，d1为第一喷嘴节流件5的内径；Wherein, ρ 1 is the liquid phase density, q 1 is the liquid phase flow rate, μ a is the viscosity, and d 1 is the inner diameter of the first nozzle throttling member 5;
(5)拟合无量纲参数Z2与含气率和弗劳德数的相关式：(5) Fitting the correlation formula between dimensionless parameter Z 2 and gas fraction and Froude number:
其中，ρl液相密度，ql为液相流量，d2为第二喷嘴节流件6的内径，ρg为气相密度，g为重力速度；Among them, ρ1 is the liquid phase density, q1 is the liquid phase flow rate, d2 is the inner diameter of the second nozzle throttling member 6, ρg is the gas phase density, and g is the gravity velocity;
通过实验数据进行回归确定系数A、B、a1、b1、a2、b2；Determine coefficients A, B, a 1 , b 1 , a 2 , b 2 through regression of experimental data;
(6)将关系式(5)、(7)相乘，整理后可得如下关系式(9)，在a1、b1、a2、b2已知的情况下，求解体积含气率μ需迭代求解：(6) Multiply the relational formulas (5) and (7), and after sorting out, the following relational formula (9) can be obtained. When a 1 , b 1 , a 2 , and b 2 are known, the volume gas fraction can be solved μ needs to be solved iteratively:
(7)通过射频含水仪测量得到含水率W；(7) Obtain the water content W by measuring with a radio frequency water content meter;
(8)利用多相流分相模型进行总流量的计算(Bizon模型)：(8) Calculate the total flow rate by using the phase-separation model of multiphase flow (Bizon model):
其中：Q为流体的质量流量，单位kg/s；Where: Q is the mass flow rate of the fluid, in kg/s;
C为流出系数，无量纲；C is the outflow coefficient, dimensionless;
ε为被测介质的可膨胀性系数，对于液体ε等于1，对气体、蒸汽、溶解油等可压缩流体ε小于1，无量纲；ε is the expandability coefficient of the measured medium, for liquid ε is equal to 1, for gas, steam, dissolved oil and other compressible fluids ε is less than 1, dimensionless;
A为过流面积，由d可得到；A is the flow area, which can be obtained from d;
d为工作状况下节流件的等效开孔直径，单位m；d is the equivalent opening diameter of the throttling part under working conditions, in m;
ΔP为节流差压，单位Pa；ΔP is the throttling differential pressure, unit Pa;
β为直径比，无量纲，β＝d/D，D为管线直径，单位m；β is the diameter ratio, dimensionless, β=d/D, D is the diameter of the pipeline, the unit is m;
ρl为工作状况下，节流前上游处液体的密度，单位kg/m3；ρ l is the density of the liquid at the upstream before throttling under working conditions, unit kg/m 3 ;
ρg为工作状况下，节流前上游处气体的密度，单位kg/m3；ρ g is the density of gas at the upstream before throttling under working conditions, unit kg/m 3 ;
x为质量含气率，a，b通过实验数据拟合出来的结果；x is mass gas fraction, a, b are the results fitted by experimental data;
(9)x由体积含气率μ计算而来：(9)x is calculated from the volumetric gas fraction μ:
(10)油气水三相分相流量为：(10) The three-phase separation flow rate of oil, gas and water is:
Ql＝Qa×x；Q l =Q a ×x;
Qo＝Qa×(1-x)×(1-W)；Q o = Q a × (1-x) × (1-W);
Qw＝Qa×(1-x)×W；Qw = Qa × (1-x) × W ;
其中，Q为总质量流量，x为质量含气率，Ql为液相流量，Qo为油相流量，W为含水率，Qw为水相流量；Wherein, Q is the total mass flow rate, x is the mass gas fraction, Q l is the liquid phase flow rate, Q o is the oil phase flow rate, W is the water cut rate, and Q w is the water phase flow rate;
(11)对两个喷嘴产生的差压分别求解流量，计算平均值作为流量输出结果。(11) Solve the flow rate separately for the differential pressure generated by the two nozzles, and calculate the average value as the output result of the flow rate.
本发明提供的油井多相流分相含率在线计量方法，通过在设备管道中并列安装两个喷嘴，分别利用两个差压计来测量流体流过两个不同节流比的喷嘴时产生的压差△P1，△P2，再计算两个喷嘴节流件产生压差的标准差δP1、δP2，进一步将标准差进行无量纲处理，然后分别拟合其与含气率、雷诺数的相关式，拟合其与含气率、弗劳德数的相关式，联立得到含气率与无量纲参数的关系式，通过射频含水仪测得含水率W，接着利用多相流分相模型进行总流量的计算；该计量方法，在数学模型中加入了雷诺数与弗劳德数，充分的考虑了流动的影响，确保了计量精度。The present invention provides an on-line metering method for phase-splitting holdup of multi-phase fluids in oil wells. Two nozzles are installed side by side in the equipment pipeline, and two differential pressure gauges are used to measure the fluid produced when the fluid flows through two nozzles with different throttling ratios. Pressure difference △P 1 , △P 2 , and then calculate the standard deviation δP 1 , δP 2 of the pressure difference produced by the two nozzle throttling parts, and further treat the standard deviation as dimensionless, and then respectively fit it with the gas fraction, Reynolds The correlation expression of gas content and Froude number is fitted, and the relationship between gas content and dimensionless parameters is obtained simultaneously. The water content W is measured by radio frequency water content meter, and then the multiphase flow is used to The phase separation model is used to calculate the total flow rate; this measurement method adds Reynolds number and Froude number to the mathematical model, fully considers the influence of flow, and ensures the measurement accuracy.
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的特点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求保护的范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。The basic principles, main features and characteristics of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What are described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Variations and improvements are possible which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of the claimed invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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