CN110410333B

CN110410333B - Deep well pump transmission shaft system

Info

Publication number: CN110410333B
Application number: CN201910558531.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 白俊江; 王坚; 赵雷刚
Original assignee: Wuhan Marine Machinery Plant Co Ltd
Current assignee: Wuhan Marine Machinery Plant Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-06-26
Filing date: 2019-06-26
Publication date: 2021-09-07
Anticipated expiration: 2039-06-26
Also published as: CN110410333A

Abstract

The invention discloses a deep well pump transmission shaft system which comprises pipe columns, transmission shafts and a connecting mechanism, wherein the transmission shafts are arranged inside the pipe columns, the connecting mechanism comprises a first connecting assembly and a second connecting assembly, the first connecting assembly is used for connecting the end surfaces of two adjacent pipe columns together, the second connecting assembly is used for connecting the end surfaces of two adjacent transmission shafts together, the second connecting assembly comprises an installation part, a clamping part and a coupler, for any one second connecting assembly, two ends of the installation part are respectively arranged on the two adjacent transmission shafts along the axial direction of the transmission shafts, the coupler is sleeved at the connecting part between the two adjacent transmission shafts, the clamping part is arranged on the peripheral wall of the transmission shafts along the axial direction of the transmission shafts, and the clamping part is clamped between the coupler and the transmission shafts. According to the invention, the pipe column is used as a supporting body of the transmission shaft, power is transmitted through the transmission shaft, and the sectional connection form of the pipe column and the transmission shaft is adopted, so that the long-distance deep well pump driving is finally satisfied.

Description

Deep well pump transmission shaft system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of deep-well pumps, in particular to a deep-well pump transmission shaft system.

Background

A deep-well pump is a device for pumping liquid cargo from inside a liquid cargo tank to outside the liquid cargo tank. A conventional deep well pump generally includes a pump body disposed in a liquid cargo tank, a motor disposed outside the liquid cargo tank, and a transmission shaft system disposed between the pump body and the motor, wherein the transmission shaft system is configured to transmit power output by the motor to the pump body.

The existing deep well pump long shaft type power transmission equipment is mostly a vertical single-suction multistage centrifugal pump, an impeller of the vertical single-suction multistage centrifugal pump is arranged below a dynamic water level in a well, a power machine is arranged on the well, the impeller is driven to rotate in a diversion shell through a transmission long shaft, and water flow is lifted upwards to the ground through a water delivery pipe along a flow passage between the diversion shell and the impeller.

However, the existing common long-shaft power transmission equipment for the deep-well pump adopts the long shaft to directly transmit, and the transmission distance is limited due to the direct transmission of the long shaft, so that the long-distance power transmission for a product oil tanker and a chemical tanker cannot be met.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a deep-well pump transmission shaft system which can meet the requirements of high-power, high-rotating-speed and long-distance power transmission for a finished oil tanker and a chemical tanker. The technical scheme is as follows:

the embodiment of the invention provides a deep well pump transmission shaft system which comprises pipe columns, transmission shafts and a connecting mechanism, wherein the transmission shafts are arranged inside the pipe columns, the connecting mechanism comprises a first connecting assembly and a second connecting assembly, the first connecting assembly is used for connecting the end surfaces of two adjacent pipe columns together, the second connecting assembly is used for connecting the end surfaces of two adjacent transmission shafts together, the second connecting assembly comprises an installation part, a clamping part and a coupler, for any one second connecting assembly, the two ends of the installation part are respectively arranged on the two adjacent transmission shafts along the axial direction of the transmission shafts, the coupler is sleeved at the connecting part between the two adjacent transmission shafts, the clamping part is arranged on the peripheral wall of the transmission shafts along the axial direction of the transmission shafts, and the clamping part is clamped between the coupler and the transmission shafts.

In one implementation mode of the invention, the mounting part is a double-head screw, the thread directions of two ends of the double-head screw are the same, and two ends of the double-head screw are respectively assembled on the end surfaces of two adjacent transmission shafts in a threaded manner.

In another implementation manner of the present invention, a first retaining groove is axially formed on the transmission shaft near the end portion, a second retaining groove is axially formed on the coupling near the end portion and corresponding to the first retaining groove, the retaining member is disposed in the first retaining groove and the second retaining groove, and one end of the coupling is fixed to the retaining member through a fastening member.

In still another embodiment of the present invention, the first connection assemblies include bolts, nuts, washers, and flanges, and in any one of the first connection assemblies, the flanges are fixedly welded to the end surfaces of the pipe columns, the bolts are inserted into the adjacent two flanges, the nuts fasten the bolts, and the washers are interposed between the bolts and the flanges.

In another implementation manner of the present invention, the pipe column end is provided with a positioning spigot, the first connecting assembly further comprises a sealing ring and a positioning ring, the positioning ring is installed in the positioning spigot of two adjacent pipe columns, and the sealing ring is clamped between the two adjacent pipe columns.

In another implementation manner of the present invention, the transmission shaft system further includes a rib plate and a liquid cargo pipe, the liquid cargo pipe is installed at one end of the flange plate far away from the pipe column, the liquid cargo pipe and the pipe column are arranged in parallel, and the liquid cargo pipe and the pipe column are fixed together through the rib plate.

In another implementation manner of the present invention, the transmission shaft system further includes two sealing detection pipes, the two sealing detection pipes are disposed on the flange parallel to the pipe column, the two sealing detection pipes are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the flange along a connection line between a center of an end surface of the pipe column and a center of an end surface of the liquid cargo pipe, the two sealing detection pipes are disposed between the pipe column and the liquid cargo pipe, the sealing detection pipes are disposed close to the pipe column, and the two sealing detection pipes are fixed to the pipe column and the liquid cargo pipe through rib plates.

In another implementation manner of the present invention, the transmission shaft system further includes a lubricating oil pipe, the lubricating oil pipe is disposed on the flange plate in parallel with the pipe column, the lubricating oil pipe is disposed between the pipe column and the liquid cargo pipe, and the lubricating oil pipe is disposed close to the liquid cargo pipe, and the lubricating oil pipe is fixed to the pipe column, the liquid cargo pipe, and the sealing detection pipe through the rib plate.

In another implementation manner of the invention, the transmission shaft system further comprises a sweeping cabin pipe, the sweeping cabin pipe is arranged on the flange plate in parallel with the pipe column, the sweeping cabin pipe and the lubricating oil pipe are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the flange plate along a connecting line of the center of the end surface of the pipe column and the center of the end surface of the liquid cargo pipe, and the sweeping cabin pipe is mutually fixed with the pipe column, the liquid cargo pipe, the sealing detection pipe and the lubricating oil pipe through the rib plate.

In another implementation manner of the present invention, the transmission shaft system further includes a guide bearing, the guide bearing is coaxially sleeved on the transmission shaft, the guide bearing is clamped between the transmission shaft and the pipe column, an outer circumferential wall of the guide bearing is in interference fit with an inner circumferential wall of the pipe column, and the inner circumferential wall of the guide bearing is in clearance fit with the outer circumferential wall of the transmission shaft.

The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

when long-shaft transmission is carried out through the deep-well pump transmission shaft system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the pipe column is fixed on the surface of a ship deck, then the transmission shaft is arranged in the pipe column and is connected together through the clamping piece and the coupler, one end of the transmission shaft is connected with a ship motor shaft, and the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with a pump head shaft piece, so that long-distance power transmission is finally realized; according to the invention, the pipe column is used as a supporting body of the transmission shaft, power is transmitted through the transmission shaft, and the sectional connection form of the pipe column and the transmission shaft is adopted, so that the long-distance deep well pump driving is finally satisfied.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a deep well pump drive shaft system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view at A of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view at B in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a left side view of a deep well pump drive shaft system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

The symbols in the drawings represent the following meanings:

1. a pipe string; 11. positioning a spigot; 2. a drive shaft; 21. a first holding groove; 3. a connecting mechanism; 31. a first connection assembly; 311. a bolt; 312. a nut; 313. a gasket; 314. a flange plate; 315. a seal ring; 316. a positioning ring; 32. a second connection assembly; 321. a mounting member; 322. a retaining member; 323. a coupling; 3230. a second holding groove; 3231. a fastener; 4. a guide bearing; 41. an outer sleeve; 411. a flow channel; 42. an inner sleeve; 5. a rib plate; 51. a liquid cargo pipe; 52. sealing the detection tube; 53. a lubricating oil pipe; 54. a cabin sweeping pipe.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The embodiment of the invention provides a deep well pump transmission shaft system, as shown in fig. 1, the deep well pump transmission shaft system comprises pipe columns 1, transmission shafts 2 and a connecting mechanism 3, the transmission shafts 2 are arranged in the pipe columns 1, the connecting mechanism 3 comprises a first connecting component 31 and a second connecting component 32, the first connecting component 31 is used for connecting the end surfaces of two adjacent pipe columns 1 together, the second connecting component 32 is used for connecting the end surfaces of two adjacent transmission shafts 2 together, the second connecting component 32 comprises an installation part 321, a clamping part 322 and a coupler 323, for any second connecting assembly 32, two ends of the mounting member 321 are respectively mounted on two adjacent transmission shafts 2 along the axial direction of the transmission shafts 2, the coupler 323 is sleeved at the connection position between the two adjacent transmission shafts 2, the retaining member 322 is mounted on the peripheral wall of the transmission shaft 2 along the axial direction of the transmission shaft 2, and the retaining member 322 is clamped between the coupler 323 and the transmission shaft 2.

When long-axis transmission is carried out through the deep-well pump transmission shaft system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the pipe column 1 is fixed on the surface of a ship deck, the transmission shaft 2 is arranged inside the pipe column 1, the transmission shafts 2 are connected together through the clamping piece 322 and the coupler 323, one end of the transmission shaft 2 is connected with a ship motor shaft, and the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with a pump head shaft, so that long-distance power transmission is finally realized; according to the invention, the pipe column 1 is used as a supporting body of the transmission shaft 2, power is transmitted through the transmission shaft 2, and the sectional type connection form of the pipe column 1 and the transmission shaft 2 is adopted, so that the long-distance deep well pump driving is finally satisfied.

Alternatively, the mounting member 321 is a double-threaded screw, the thread directions of both ends of the double-threaded screw are the same, and both ends of the double-threaded screw are respectively thread-fitted on the end surfaces of two adjacent transmission shafts 2.

In the above implementation manner, the two adjacent transmission shafts 2 are connected by the double-threaded screw, so that the axial fixation of the transmission shafts 2 can be conveniently realized, and the double-threaded screw with the same thread turning direction at two ends is convenient for adjusting the length of the two adjacent transmission shafts 2 after connection, thereby reducing the requirement on the length processing precision of the transmission shafts 2.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1, please refer to fig. 2, alternatively, a first retaining groove 21 is formed on the transmission shaft 2 near the end portion along the axial direction thereof, a second retaining groove 3230 is formed on the coupling 323 near the end portion along the axial direction thereof, the retaining member 322 is a flat key which is installed in the first retaining groove 21 and the second retaining groove 3230, and the flat key is respectively matched with the first retaining groove 21 and the second retaining groove 3230.

In the above implementation manner, the first retaining groove 21 and the second retaining groove 3230 are used with corresponding flat keys, so as to effectively ensure the transmission function between two adjacent transmission shafts 2, and realize the rotation of the whole transmission shaft system.

In this embodiment, the coupling 323 is fixed to the flat key by a fastener 3231, so that the coupling 323 is fixed to the transmission shaft 2.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion B in fig. 1, please refer to fig. 3, and optionally, the first connecting assembly 31 includes bolts 311, nuts 312, washers 313, and flanges 314, and for any first connecting assembly 31, the flanges 314 are fixedly welded to two end faces of the pipe column 1, the bolts 311 are inserted into the flanges 314 on the end faces of two adjacent pipe columns 1, the nuts 312 fasten the bolts 311, and the washers 313 are clamped between the bolts 311 and the flanges 314.

In the above implementation mode, the flange 314 is provided to facilitate the connection between two adjacent pipe columns 1, and the cooperative use of the bolt 311, the nut 312 and the washer 313 can effectively connect two adjacent pipe columns 1 to the flange 314, so as to realize the connection fixation between two pipe columns 1.

Optionally, the pipe column 1 is provided with a positioning spigot 11 at the end thereof, the first connecting assembly 31 further includes a sealing ring 315 and a positioning ring 316, the positioning ring 316 is installed in the positioning spigot 11 of two adjacent pipe columns 1, and the positioning ring 316 and the positioning spigot 11 are in close clearance fit, and the sealing ring 315 is clamped between two adjacent pipe columns 1.

In the above implementation manner, the sealing ring 315 is arranged to effectively ensure the sealing performance between two adjacent pipe columns 1, and the positioning ring 316 is arranged to facilitate the positioning when two adjacent pipe columns 1 are assembled.

With continued reference to fig. 1, optionally, the transmission shaft system further includes a guide bearing 4, the guide bearing 4 is disposed between the transmission shaft 2 and the pipe column 1, an outer peripheral wall of the guide bearing 4 is in interference fit with an inner peripheral wall of the pipe column 1, and an inner peripheral wall of the guide bearing 4 is in clearance fit with an outer peripheral wall of the transmission shaft 2.

In the above described implementation, the provision of the guide bearing 4 helps to support the drive shaft 2 within the pipe string 1.

Guide bearing 4 includes outer axle sleeve 41 and interior axle sleeve 42, interference fit between outer axle sleeve 41 periphery wall and the interior perisporium of tubular column 1, and interior axle sleeve 42 is fixed to be installed on outer axle sleeve 41 periphery perisporium, and interior axle sleeve 42 periphery wall and transmission shaft 2 periphery wall clearance fit.

In the above implementation manner, the guide bearing 4 is divided into two parts, which helps the transmission shaft 2 to be installed in the tubular column 1, and the arrangement of the outer shaft sleeve 41 facilitates the setting of a suitable tension force between the tubular column 1 and the transmission shaft 2, and the arrangement of the inner shaft sleeve 42 facilitates the guarantee that the transmission shaft 2 can effectively avoid the abrasion caused by the contact between the guide bearing 4 and the transmission shaft 2 when rotating.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the outer sleeve 41 is a rubber sleeve, the rubber sleeve is made of a fluororubber material, and the inner sleeve 42 is an engineering plastic sleeve, and the rubber sleeve is made of a material having good wear resistance and corrosion resistance. In this embodiment, the engineering plastic shaft sleeve is fixed inside the rubber shaft sleeve and does not fall off.

Engineering plastic shaft sleeve

Optionally, the outer sleeve 41 is provided with a flow slot 411.

In the above implementation manner, the arrangement of the flow groove 411 facilitates the circulation of the lubricating oil inside the tubular column 1, and is convenient for setting a proper tension force between the tubular column 1 and the guide bearing 4, so as to ensure that the outer sleeve 41 is fixed inside the tubular column 1 without falling off, and is convenient for installing the guide bearing 4.

Fig. 4 is a left side view of the transmission shaft system, please refer to fig. 4, optionally, the transmission shaft system further includes a rib plate 5 and a liquid cargo pipe 51, the liquid cargo pipe 51 is installed at one end of the flange 314 away from the pipe column 1, the liquid cargo pipe 51 is arranged in parallel with the pipe column 1, and the liquid cargo pipe 51 and the pipe column 1 are fixed together through the rib plate 5.

In the above implementation, the liquid cargo pipe 51 is provided to facilitate the transportation of the liquid cargo.

Optionally, the transmission shaft system further includes two sealing detection pipes 52, the two sealing detection pipes 52 are disposed on the flange 314 in parallel to the pipe column 1, the two sealing detection pipes 52 are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the flange 314 along a connection line between the end face center of the pipe column 1 and the end face center of the liquid cargo pipe 51, both the two sealing detection pipes 52 are disposed between the pipe column 1 and the liquid cargo pipe 51, the sealing detection pipes 52 are disposed close to the pipe column 1, and the two sealing detection pipes 52 are fixed to the pipe column 1 and the liquid cargo pipe 51 through the rib plate 5.

In the above implementation manner, the sealing detection tube 52 is used to introduce an air source on the deck of the ship into the sealing monitoring cavity of the pump head assembly, and purge the leakage medium in the sealing monitoring cavity onto the deck through another sealing detection tube 52, thereby detecting the sealing effect of the pump head assembly.

Optionally, the transmission shaft system further includes a lubricating oil pipe 53, the lubricating oil pipe 53 is arranged on the flange 314 in parallel to the pipe column 1, the lubricating oil pipe 53 is arranged between the pipe column 1 and the liquid cargo pipe 51, the lubricating oil pipe 53 is arranged close to the liquid cargo pipe 51, and the lubricating oil pipe 53 is mutually fixed with the pipe column 1, the liquid cargo pipe 51 and the sealing detection pipe 52 through the rib plate 5.

In the above implementation, the lubricating oil pipe 53 is provided to facilitate the return of the lubricating oil in the pipe column 1 to a lubricating oil output device (not shown in the figure), so as to realize the circulation of the lubricating oil.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the interior of the pipe column 1 is filled with lubricating oil, the transmission shaft 2 is immersed in the lubricating oil, and meanwhile, a pumping device (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the transmission shaft 2, and the pumping device can pump the lubricating oil in the interior of the pipe column 1 into the lubricating oil pipe 53, and the lubricating oil pipe 53 conveys the lubricating oil to an output device of the lubricating oil, so as to finally realize the recycling of the lubricating oil.

Optionally, the transmission shaft system further comprises a sweeping pipe 54, the sweeping pipe 54 is arranged on the flange 314 in parallel to the pipe column 1, the sweeping pipe 54 and the lubricating oil pipe 53 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the flange 314 along a connecting line between the center of the end surface of the pipe column 1 and the center of the end surface of the liquid cargo pipe 51, and the sweeping pipe 54 is fixed with the pipe column 1, the liquid cargo pipe 51, the sealing detection pipe 52 and the lubricating oil pipe 53 through the rib plate 5.

In the above implementation, the provision of the scavenge pipes 54 facilitates the removal of standing water from the ship's tanks.

In the embodiment, the number of the rib plates 5 is set according to the rigidity requirement, so that the pipe column 1 is ensured to have enough rigidity for supporting the whole transmission shafting.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a deep-well pump drive shafting, its characterized in that, deep-well pump drive shafting includes tubular column (1), a plurality of transmission shaft (2), coupling mechanism (3), install transmission shaft (2) inside tubular column (1), coupling mechanism (3) include first connecting component (31) and second coupling assembling (32), first connecting component (31) are used for with adjacent two the terminal surface of tubular column (1) links together, second coupling assembling (32) are used for with adjacent two the end-to-end connection of transmission shaft (2) is in the same place, second coupling assembling (32) include installed part (321), card and hold piece (322) and shaft coupling (323), to any second connecting assembly (32), the both ends of installed part (321) are followed transmission shaft (2) axial is installed respectively adjacent two on transmission shaft (2), the mounting part (321) is a double-end screw, threads at two ends of the double-end screw are screwed to the same direction, the two ends of the double-end screw are respectively assembled in adjacent two threads on the end surface of the transmission shaft (2), the shaft coupling (323) is sleeved at the joint between the adjacent two transmission shafts (2), the clamping part (322) is arranged along the axial direction of the transmission shaft (2) on the peripheral wall of the transmission shaft (2), the clamping part (322) is clamped between the shaft coupling (323) and the transmission shaft (2), the clamping part (322) is a flat key, one end of the shaft coupling (323) is fixed on the clamping part (322) through a fastening part (3231), the transmission shaft (2) is close to the end part and is provided with a first clamping groove (21) along the axial direction of the shaft, the position of the shaft coupling (323) close to the end part and corresponding to the first clamping groove (21) is provided with a second clamping groove (3230) along the axial direction of the shaft, card is held and is installed first card is held groove (21) and second card and is held in groove (3230), the transmission shaft system still includes guiding bearing (4), guiding bearing (4) set up transmission shaft (2) with between tubular column (1), guiding bearing (4) are including outer axle sleeve (41) and interior axle sleeve (42), outer axle sleeve (41) periphery wall with interference fit between tubular column (1) internal perisporium, interior axle sleeve (42) are fixed to be installed on outer axle sleeve (41) internal perisporium, internal axle sleeve (42) internal perisporium with transmission shaft (2) periphery wall clearance fit, outer axle sleeve (41) are the rubber axle sleeve, interior axle sleeve (42) are engineering plastics axle sleeve, mobile groove (411) have been seted up on outer axle sleeve (41).

2. The drive shaft system according to claim 1, wherein the first connecting assembly (31) comprises bolts (311), nuts (312), washers (313) and flanges (314), for any one of the first connecting assemblies (31), the flanges (314) are fixedly welded on the end surfaces of the pipe columns (1), the bolts (311) are inserted into two adjacent flanges (314), the bolts (311) are fastened by the nuts (312), and the washers (313) are clamped between the bolts (311) and the flanges (314).

3. The drive shafting of claim 2, wherein a positioning spigot (11) is provided at an end of each of the pipe columns (1), the first connection assembly (31) further comprises a sealing ring (315) and a positioning ring (316), the positioning ring (316) is installed in the positioning spigot (11) of two adjacent pipe columns (1), and the sealing ring (315) is clamped between the two adjacent pipe columns (1).

4. The transmission shaft system according to claim 2, further comprising a rib plate (5) and a liquid cargo pipe (51), wherein the liquid cargo pipe (51) is installed at one end of the flange plate (314) far away from the pipe column (1), the liquid cargo pipe (51) and the pipe column (1) are arranged in parallel, and the liquid cargo pipe (51) and the pipe column (1) are fixed together through the rib plate (5).

5. The transmission shaft system according to claim 4, further comprising two sealing detection pipes (52), wherein the two sealing detection pipes (52) are arranged on the flange (314) in parallel to the pipe column (1), the two sealing detection pipes (52) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the flange (314) along a connecting line between the center of the end surface of the pipe column (1) and the center of the end surface of the liquid cargo pipe (51), the two sealing detection pipes (52) are both arranged between the pipe column (1) and the liquid cargo pipe (51), the sealing detection pipes (52) are arranged close to the pipe column (1), and the two sealing detection pipes (52) are fixed to the pipe column (1) and the liquid cargo pipe (51) through the rib plate (5).

6. The transmission shafting of claim 5, further comprising a lubricating oil pipe (53), wherein the lubricating oil pipe (53) is arranged on the flange (314) in parallel to the pipe column (1), the lubricating oil pipe (53) is arranged between the pipe column (1) and the liquid cargo pipe (51), the lubricating oil pipe (53) is arranged close to the liquid cargo pipe (51), and the lubricating oil pipe (53) is fixed with the pipe column (1), the liquid cargo pipe (51) and the sealing detection pipe (52) through the rib plate (5).

7. The transmission shaft system according to claim 6, further comprising a cabin sweeping pipe (54), wherein the cabin sweeping pipe (54) is arranged on the flange (314) in parallel to the pipe column (1), the cabin sweeping pipe (54) and the lubricating oil pipe (53) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the flange (314) along a connecting line of the center of the end face of the pipe column (1) and the center of the end face of the liquid cargo pipe (51), and the cabin sweeping pipe (54) is mutually fixed with the pipe column (1), the liquid cargo pipe (51), the sealing detection pipe (52) and the lubricating oil pipe (53) through the rib plates (5).

8. The transmission shaft system according to claim 1, further comprising a guide bearing (4), wherein the guide bearing (4) is coaxially sleeved on the transmission shaft (2), the guide bearing (4) is clamped between the transmission shaft (2) and the pipe column (1), an outer peripheral wall of the guide bearing (4) is in interference fit with an inner peripheral wall of the pipe column (1), and the inner peripheral wall of the guide bearing (4) is in clearance fit with the outer peripheral wall of the transmission shaft (2).