CN110409006A - A kind of method that porous fibre is prepared by natural polymer and products thereof and application - Google Patents
A kind of method that porous fibre is prepared by natural polymer and products thereof and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN110409006A CN110409006A CN201810390957.XA CN201810390957A CN110409006A CN 110409006 A CN110409006 A CN 110409006A CN 201810390957 A CN201810390957 A CN 201810390957A CN 110409006 A CN110409006 A CN 110409006A
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- solution
- porous fibre
- natural polymer
- freezing
- orientation
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/02—Preparation of spinning solutions
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
- D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
- D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F4/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of proteins; Manufacture thereof
- D01F4/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of proteins; Manufacture thereof from fibroin
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for preparing porous fibre by natural polymer and products thereof and application, the preparation method is as follows: 1) preparing the natural polymer solution of spinning;2) natural polymer solution is subjected to solution-polymerized SBR, when spinning is oriented freezing, and is collected to fiber;3) fiber carries out freeze-drying removal ice crystal, obtains the porous fibre with orientation pore structure.The present invention, which passes through, combines orientation freezing and solution-polymerized SBR, and obtained porous fibre has orientation pore structure, which can be suitable for different types of natural polymer extensively and prepare porous fibrous material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation fields of porous fibre, and in particular to a kind of side that porous fibre is prepared by natural polymer
Method and products thereof and application.
Background technique
Natural polymer refers to not by artificial synthesized, is naturally present in animals and plants and the intracorporal macromolecular of microorganism
Organic compound, have it is environmentally protective, it is environmental-friendly, it is from a wealth of sources, it is low in cost the advantages that.As it is a kind of it is renewable, can hold
The resource of supervention exhibition, in today that energy problem is increasingly urgent, natural macromolecular material starts the economy for showing to become more and more important
Status and strategic importance.
Common natural polymer mainly includes cellulose, lignin, starch, chitin, chitosan, other polysaccharide, egg
White matter and natural rubber etc..Wherein, the four kinds of natural polymers used in patent: cellulose, starch, shell are simply introduced
Glycan, fibroin.1, cellulose.Cellulose is mainly derived from trees, cotton, fiber crops, cereal and other higher plants,
It can be generated by the enzymolysis process of bacterium.Cellulose both can be used as paper, can also produce silk, film, non-woven fabrics, filler and
Various derivative products.2, starch.Starch is primarily present in plant roots, stem, in seed.Starch-based bio degradation material has
Good biological degradability and machinability.3, chitosan.Chitosan is also known as chitosan, is widely present by nature
Chitin obtained by deacetylation.Chitosan material is mainly used in bio-medical material, and environment-friendly material divides
From film, liquid crystal material etc..4, protein.Protein is present in all animal and plant cells, it is made of a variety of a-amino acids
Natural polymer, protein material mainly applies binder, biodegradable plastic, textile fabric and various packagings
Material etc..
Natural polymer has multiple functions group, can by chemistry, physical method is modified becomes new material, can also be with
Various functional materials, such as heat-barrier material, liquid transmission material, bio-medical material are obtained by emerging material preparation technology
Deng.Wherein the preparation method of barrier fabric is varied, mainly there is vapour deposition process, sol-gel technique, padding method and dry method
Direct coating.However these methods often have the shortcomings that time-consuming, energy consumption, complex process, environment be unfriendly, size limitation and
It is unable to get and is widely applied.
Orientation freezing is a kind of movement for being influenced using temperature gradient and controlling raw material and assembling to obtain orientation knot
The method of structure porous material.In recent years, people are successfully prepared the porous material that multiclass has orientation texture using orientation freezing
Material.Deville et al. (S.Deville, E.Saiz, A.P.Tomsia, Biomaterials 2006,27,5480.) successfully makes
For the timbering material of hydroxyapatite, the presence of orientation texture makes this material have the compression bigger than other structures strong
Degree.Wicklein et al. (B.Wicklein, A.Kocjan, G.Salazar-Alvarez, F.Carosio, G.Camino,
M.Antonietti, L.Bergstrom, Nat.Nanotechnol.2014,10,27791) utilize the stone of orientation freezing preparation
Black alkene/cellulose compound support frame material has better heat-insulated and flame retardant property because of orientation texture.
However, limitation of traditional orientation freezing due to its mold, cannot achieve continuous large-scale preparation, for needing
The occasion of porous fibre is continuously prepared on a large scale, this disadvantage seriously limits orientation freezing and prepares answering for porous fibre
With.
Summary of the invention
A kind of porous fibre is prepared by natural polymer in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide
Method, by combining orientation freezing and solution-polymerized SBR, obtained porous fibre has orientation pore structure.
Technical solution provided by the present invention are as follows:
A method of porous fibre is prepared by natural polymer, is included the following steps:
1) the natural polymer solution of spinning is prepared;
2) natural polymer solution is subjected to solution-polymerized SBR, when spinning is oriented freezing, and is collected to fiber;
3) fiber carries out freeze-drying removal ice crystal, obtains the porous fibre with orientation pore structure.
In the above technical solution, there is the porous fibre of orientation pore structure using orientation freezing and solution-polymerized SBR preparation.
After natural Polymer Solution is squeezed out from extruder pump, due to the influence of temperature gradient, the nucleation of ice crystal and it is grown in extrusion side
It is all orientated upwards, forms orientation pore structure.Simultaneously as micron-scale phase separation occurs for system, raw material squeezed by ice crystal,
It is compressed among the gap between ice crystal.It is to be frozen completely after, then by freeze-drying removing ice crystal, just obtained with ice crystal
For template, there is the porous fibre of orientation pore structure.
Preferably, the natural polymer solution be carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution, starch solution, chitosan solution or
Fibroin solutions.
Preferably, the carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution, the carboxymethyl cellulose
The mass fraction of plain sodium solution is 1%-10%.The preparation of carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution: sodium carboxymethylcellulose powder is molten
Yu Shuizhong is made into carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution.
Preferably, the starch solution is amidin, the mass fraction of the starch solution is 1%-10%.It forms sediment
The preparation of powder solution: water soluble starch powder is soluble in water, it is made into starch solution.
Preferably, the chitosan solution is chitosan acetic acid solution;The concentration of the chitosan solution is 20-
60mg/ml.The preparation of chitosan solution: Chitosan powder is dissolved in acetic acid solution, is made into chitosan solution, acetic acid solution
Mass concentration is 0.5-1.5%.
Preferably, the preparation of the fibroin solutions: natural silk cocoon being sheared, baking is boiled in sodium carbonate liquor
It is dry, it is dissolved in lithium-bromide solution, is made into fibroin solutions after dialysis completely;The mass fraction of the fibroin solutions is
1%-10%.
Specifically include preferably, being oriented freezing when spinning in the step 2): natural polymer solution is from extrusion
After being squeezed out in pump, low temperature copper ring is passed through, freezing is oriented;The temperature of the low temperature copper ring is -120~-30 DEG C.Traditional
It on the basis of orientation freezing, is combined with solution-polymerized SBR, after natural Polymer Solution is squeezed out from extruder pump, passes through low temperature copper
Ring has temperature gradient in the vertical direction of low temperature copper ring, and when being cooled to the crystallization temperature lower than solvent, solvent starts to tie
Crystalline substance, final raw material squeezed by ice crystal, among the gap that is compressed between ice crystal, and above-mentioned temperature makes ice crystal be easily formed mould
Plate.Cryogenic temperature has influence to the orientation porous structure of formation.Temperature is lower, and temperature gradient is bigger, and ice-crystal growth speed is got over
Fastly, the aperture of the porous structure of formation is smaller.Temperature is higher, and temperature gradient is smaller, and ice-crystal growth speed is slower, formation it is porous
The aperture of structure is bigger.
The present invention also provides a kind of porous fibres being prepared such as above-mentioned method.
The present invention also provides a kind of if above-mentioned porous fibre is in the application prepared in wearable textiles.The porous fibre
It is further woven into fabric, can be widely applied to human body wearable device, construction material protection, the fields such as military affairs, development prospect
It is wide.
Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:
(1) preparation method of the invention is simple, can continuous large scale preparation, be suitble to industry amplification application, while can basis
Actual needs designs different materials.
(2) raw material for preparing of the invention is natural polymer, environmental-friendly, environmentally protective, pollution-free, from a wealth of sources, at
This is cheap, is suitble to be widely used in industrial use.
(3) preparation method of the invention can be prepared by adjusting the parameters such as the temperature of orientation freezing and the concentration of raw material
The porous fibre of different pore size is obtained, furthermore the aperture of fiber multihole structure, porosity and hole pattern can also be adjusted on a large scale.
(4) preparation method of the invention can be suitable for various porous fibre material based on natural polymer extensively
The preparation and its application of material.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram that porous fibre is used to prepare in embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the SEM figure of porous fibre prepared by embodiment 7;
Fig. 3 is the SEM figure of porous fibre prepared by embodiment 8;
Fig. 4 is the SEM figure of porous fibre prepared by embodiment 9;
Fig. 5 is the SEM figure of porous fibre prepared by embodiment 10;
Fig. 6 is the SEM figure of porous fibre prepared by embodiment 11;
Fig. 7 is the SEM figure of porous fibre prepared by comparative example 1.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further explained in the light of specific embodiments:
Orientation freezing-spinning schematic device used in embodiment is as shown in Figure 1, wherein top has extrusion device
1, intermediate natural polymer solution is connect with cold source and (is not provided) by low temperature copper ring 2, low temperature copper ring 2, and bottom is motor collection
Device 3.It is partial enlargement diagram of the natural polymer solution after freezing-spinning on the right side of Fig. 1.
Used raw material in embodiment: sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium,
Aladdin);Starch powder (Starch soluble, Aladdin);Chitosan powder (Chitosan, high viscosity,
> 400mPas, Aladdin);Natural silk cocoon (Silkworm cocoons, Yiwu Ruiheng Co., Ltd, China.);It is molten
Agent: deionized water (H2O)。
Embodiment 1
(1) 0.2g sodium carboxymethylcellulose powder is dissolved in 10ml deionized water, after being completely dissolved, is made into mass fraction
For 2% carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution.
(2) solution is placed in syringe, by extruder pump extrusion solution, copper ring is placed in low-temp reaction bath, copper ring temperature
Degree is -90 DEG C, and solution passes through copper ring and carries out freezing-spinning process, and the fiber after freezing is collected with motor.
(3) the freezing fiber for obtaining step (2) is freeze-dried for 24 hours to remove solvent, obtains porous fibre, has orientation
Porous structure.
(4) porous fibre that step (3) obtains is woven into fabric.
Embodiment 2
(1) 1g sodium carboxymethylcellulose powder is dissolved in 10ml deionized water, after being completely dissolved, being made into mass fraction is
10% carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution.
(2) solution is placed in syringe, by extruder pump extrusion solution, copper ring is placed in low-temp reaction bath, copper ring temperature
Degree is -50 DEG C, and solution passes through copper ring and carries out freezing-spinning process, and the fiber after freezing is collected with motor.
(3) the freezing fiber for obtaining step (2) is freeze-dried for 24 hours to remove solvent, obtains porous fibre, has orientation
Porous structure.
(4) porous fibre that step (3) obtains is woven into fabric.
Embodiment 3
(1) 0.5g sodium carboxymethylcellulose powder is dissolved in 10ml deionized water, after being completely dissolved, is made into mass fraction
For 5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution.
(2) solution is placed in syringe, by extruder pump extrusion solution, copper ring is placed in low-temp reaction bath, copper ring temperature
Degree is -100 DEG C, and solution passes through copper ring and carries out freezing-spinning process, and the fiber after freezing is collected with motor.
(3) the freezing fiber for obtaining step (2) is freeze-dried for 24 hours to remove solvent, obtains porous fibre, has orientation
Porous structure.
(4) porous fibre that step (3) obtains is woven into fabric.
Embodiment 4
(1) 0.3g water soluble starch powder is dissolved in 10ml deionized water, after being completely dissolved, being made into mass fraction is
3% starch solution.
(2) solution is placed in syringe, by extruder pump extrusion solution, copper ring is placed in low-temp reaction bath, copper ring temperature
Degree is -90 DEG C, and solution passes through copper ring and carries out freezing-spinning process, and the fiber after freezing is collected with motor.
(3) the freezing fiber for obtaining step (2) is freeze-dried for 24 hours to remove solvent, obtains porous fibre, has orientation
Porous structure.
(4) porous fibre that step (3) obtains is woven into fabric.
Embodiment 5
(1) 0.8g water soluble starch powder is dissolved in 10ml deionized water, after being completely dissolved, being made into mass fraction is
8% starch solution.
(2) solution is placed in syringe, by extruder pump extrusion solution, copper ring is placed in low-temp reaction bath, copper ring temperature
Degree is -90 DEG C, and solution passes through copper ring and carries out freezing-spinning process, and the fiber after freezing is collected with motor.
(3) the freezing fiber for obtaining step (2) is freeze-dried for 24 hours to remove solvent, obtains porous fibre, has orientation
Porous structure.
(4) porous fibre that step (3) obtains is woven into fabric.
Embodiment 6
(1) 0.5g water soluble starch powder is dissolved in 10ml deionized water, after being completely dissolved, being made into mass fraction is
5% starch solution.
(2) solution is placed in syringe, by extruder pump extrusion solution, copper ring is placed in low-temp reaction bath, copper ring temperature
Degree is -40 DEG C, and solution passes through copper ring and carries out freezing-spinning process, and the fiber after freezing is collected with motor.
(3) the freezing fiber for obtaining step (2) is freeze-dried for 24 hours to remove solvent, obtains porous fibre, has orientation
Porous structure.
(4) porous fibre that step (3) obtains is woven into fabric.
Embodiment 7~10
(1) 0.4g Chitosan powder is dissolved in 1% acetic acid solution of 10ml, is stirred under the revolving speed of 800rpm/min
30min is uniformly mixed it, is made into 40mg/ml chitosan solution.
(2) mixed solution is placed in syringe, by extruder pump extrusion solution, copper ring is placed in low-temp reaction bath (respectively
Temperature is -120 DEG C, -90 DEG C, -60 DEG C, -30 DEG C) in, solution passes through copper ring and carries out freezing-spinning process, and will be after freezing
Fiber is collected with motor.
(3) the freezing fiber for obtaining step (2) is freeze-dried for 24 hours to remove solvent, obtains porous fibre, has orientation
Porous structure.
(4) characterization test
SEM characterization is carried out for porous fibre obtained in the present embodiment, (respectively corresponds cryogenic temperature as shown in Figure 2-5
It is -120 DEG C, -90 DEG C, -60 DEG C, -30 DEG C), illustrate that the porous fibre being prepared has orientation pore structure.With cryogenic temperature
It increases, freezing rate decline, aperture is bigger.
(5) porous fibre that step (3) obtains is woven into fabric.
Embodiment 11
(1) 0.6g Chitosan powder is dissolved in 1% acetic acid solution of 10ml, is stirred under the revolving speed of 800rpm/min
30min is uniformly mixed it, is made into 60mg/ml chitosan solution.
(2) mixed solution is placed in syringe, by extruder pump extrusion solution, copper ring is placed in low-temp reaction bath (respectively
Temperature is -90 DEG C) in, solution passes through copper ring and carries out freezing-spinning process, and the fiber after freezing is collected with motor.
(3) the freezing fiber for obtaining step (2) is freeze-dried for 24 hours to remove solvent, porous fibre is obtained, such as Fig. 6 institute
Show that there is orientation porous structure.
(4) porous fibre that step (3) obtains is woven into fabric.
Embodiment 12
(1) natural silk cocoon is sheared, drying is boiled in 1% sodium carbonate liquor, be dissolved in 9mol/L lithium-bromide solution, thoroughly
Analysis is made into the fibroin solutions that mass fraction is 2% afterwards for 24 hours.
(2) mixed solution is placed in syringe, by extruder pump extrusion solution, copper ring is placed in low-temp reaction bath, copper
Circumstance temperature degree is -90 DEG C, and solution passes through copper ring and carries out freezing-spinning process, and the fiber after freezing is collected with motor.
(3) the freezing fiber for obtaining step (2) is freeze-dried for 24 hours to remove solvent, obtains porous fibre, has orientation
Porous structure.
(4) porous fibre that step (3) obtains is woven into fabric.
Embodiment 13
(1) natural silk cocoon is sheared, drying is boiled in 1% sodium carbonate liquor, be dissolved in 9mol/L lithium-bromide solution, thoroughly
Analysis is made into the fibroin solutions that mass fraction is 10% afterwards for 24 hours.
(2) mixed solution is placed in syringe, by extruder pump extrusion solution, copper ring is placed in low-temp reaction bath, copper
Circumstance temperature degree is -60 DEG C, and solution passes through copper ring and carries out freezing-spinning process, and the fiber after freezing is collected with motor.
(3) the freezing fiber for obtaining step (2) is freeze-dried for 24 hours to remove solvent, obtains porous fibre, has orientation
Porous structure.
(4) porous fibre that step (3) obtains is woven into fabric.
Comparative example 1
(1) 0.4g Chitosan powder is dissolved in 1% acetic acid solution of 10ml, is stirred under the revolving speed of 800rpm/min
30min is uniformly mixed it, is made into 40mg/ml chitosan solution.
(2) mixed solution is placed in syringe, direct injection enters in liquid nitrogen (- 196 DEG C) freezings.
(3) the freezing fiber for obtaining step (2) is freeze-dried for 24 hours to remove solvent, obtains porous fibre, is had random
Porous structure.
(4) characterization test
SEM characterization is carried out for porous fibre obtained in this comparative example, as shown in fig. 7, explanation has randomly porous
Structure, main reason is that freezing is multi-direction rather than single direction.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method for preparing porous fibre by natural polymer, which comprises the steps of:
1) the natural polymer solution of spinning is prepared;
2) natural polymer solution is subjected to solution-polymerized SBR, when spinning is oriented freezing, and is collected to fiber;
3) fiber carries out freeze-drying removal ice crystal, obtains the porous fibre with orientation pore structure.
2. the method according to claim 1 for preparing porous fibre by natural polymer, which is characterized in that the natural height
Molecular solution is carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution, starch solution, chitosan solution or fibroin solutions.
3. the method according to claim 2 for preparing porous fibre by natural polymer, which is characterized in that the carboxymethyl
Sodium cellulosate solution is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution, and the mass fraction of the carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution is 1%-
10%.
4. the method according to claim 2 for preparing porous fibre by natural polymer, which is characterized in that the starch is molten
Liquid is amidin, and the mass fraction of the starch solution is 1%-10%.
5. the method according to claim 2 for preparing porous fibre by natural polymer, which is characterized in that the chitosan
Solution is chitosan acetic acid solution;The concentration of the chitosan solution is 20-60mg/ml.
6. the method according to claim 2 for preparing porous fibre by natural polymer, which is characterized in that the silk egg
The preparation of white solution: natural silk cocoon is sheared, and drying is boiled in sodium carbonate liquor, is dissolved in lithium-bromide solution, and dialysis is complete
After be made into fibroin solutions;The mass fraction of the fibroin solutions is 1%-10%.
7. the method according to claim 1 for preparing porous fibre by natural polymer, which is characterized in that the step 2)
Be oriented freezing when middle spinning to specifically include: natural polymer solution passes through low temperature copper ring after squeezing out in extruder pump, carries out
Orientation freezing;The temperature of the low temperature copper ring is -120~-30 DEG C.
8. a kind of porous fibre that the method as described in claim 1~7 is any is prepared.
9. a kind of porous fibre as claimed in claim 8 is preparing the application in wearable textiles.
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Application publication date: 20191105 |