CN110407209A - A kind of method that biomass prepares active carbon - Google Patents

A kind of method that biomass prepares active carbon Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110407209A
CN110407209A CN201910851981.3A CN201910851981A CN110407209A CN 110407209 A CN110407209 A CN 110407209A CN 201910851981 A CN201910851981 A CN 201910851981A CN 110407209 A CN110407209 A CN 110407209A
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biomass
carbon
temperature steam
active carbon
added
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CN201910851981.3A
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Inventor
王晓峰
杨晓敏
朱燕超
田玉美
王子忱
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/312—Preparation
    • C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
    • C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/312—Preparation
    • C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/312—Preparation
    • C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
    • C01B32/348—Metallic compounds

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of method that biomass prepares active carbon, belongs to biomass energy chemical field, comprising: 1) biomass pyrolytic production pyrolysis gas and pyrolytic carbon；2) pyrolysis gas introduces medium temperature steam boiler heating production medium temperature steam, is re-introduced into high-temperature steam boiler, while introducing medium temperature steam, combustion heating high temperature steam temperature introduces revolving activation furnace to 850 DEG C~950 DEG C；3) dipping biomass carbon is added from revolving activation furnace top, it advances with high-temperature steam adverse current, into reaction zone, it is mixed with the high-temperature steam introduced from revolving activation furnace bottom end, priming reaction produces active carbon, and downlink is discharged from revolving activation furnace tail end, through indirect heat exchange, cooling, through washing, drying, packaging；4) hydrogen-rich gas uplink hot submersion biomass carbon introduces combustion furnace burning production high-temperature steam.Method production active carbon energy consumption of the invention is small, at low cost, and high income is conducive to continuous production and scale amplification.

Description

A kind of method that biomass prepares active carbon
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomass energy chemical fields, specifically disclose a kind of method that biomass prepares active carbon.
Background technique
Activated carbon adsorption performance is excellent, and property is stablized, and circular regeneration is good, is widely used in chemisorption decoloration, ring The fields such as border improvement.But it is mostly non-renewable resources that traditional active carbon, which prepares raw material, and the active carbon price of high quality is high, regeneration Low efficiency seriously restricts its large-scale industrial application.Using agriculture and forestry organic waste material as raw material, cost can be not only reduced, can also make agriculture Woods waste gets utilization, while also avoiding inorganization and burning bring problem of environmental pollution.China's straw It is resourceful, raw material abundant is provided to prepare active carbon, but steam activation prepares biomass-based active carbon, it is maximum Problem is that biomass carbon is light, gap is more, is easy burning, and active carbon cannot be prepared using direct-fired method, and between using Connect heating steam activation has that energy consumption is high, the device is complicated, at high cost again, can not prepare with steam activation method Active carbon competition.
The heating means of biomass carbon steam activation how are solved, how to improve yield, have become biomass-based work Property charcoal development obstacle, therefore a kind of new technical solution is needed to solve these problems in the prior art.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods that biomass prepares active carbon, produce active carbon energy consumption using this method It is small, at low cost, be conducive to continuous production and scale amplification.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that: a kind of method that biomass prepares active carbon, It is characterized in that, this method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: biomass pyrolytic:
Biomass powder is broken to partial size 30mm~100mm, and pyrolysis tower is added through Dou Shi elevator, is adjusted into the oxygen of pyrolysis zone Content makes pyrolysis section temperature be maintained at 600 DEG C~700 DEG C, is pyrolyzed 0.5h~1.0h, and biomass decomposition is pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis Charcoal；
Step 2: pyrolysis gas produces high-temperature steam:
600 DEG C obtained in the step 1~700 DEG C of pyrolysis gas is introduced into the production of medium temperature steam boiler indirect heating The medium temperature steam that temperature is 150 DEG C~180 DEG C, then pyrolysis gas and medium temperature steam are introduced into high-temperature steam boiler simultaneously, burning adds Heat produces high-temperature steam to 850 DEG C~950 DEG C；
Step 3: activator impregnates:
In mass ratio it is 100:(1~3) biomass carbon is uniformly mixed with activator solution spray, then 6h~12h is impregnated, Preparation dipping biomass carbon；
Step 4: biomass carbon activates:
The high-temperature steam of step 2 preparation is added from the revolving activation furnace furnace bottom with inclination angle, adverse current uplink reaches Region of activation；The dipping biomass carbon of step 3 preparation is added at the top of revolving activation furnace, fair current downlink reaches reaction zone, In Under conditions of temperature is 850 DEG C~950 DEG C, priming reaction is carried out, area, hot submersion is added by top reactant in product gas Biomass carbon introduces combustion furnace burning and prepares high-temperature steam；Crude product active carbon is discharged from revolving activation furnace bottom；
Step 5: washing and drying:
The crude product active carbon and deionized water of step 4 are added in washing kettle for 1:10 according to mass ratio, first time water It washes, filter, collect filtrate return step three and recycle, filter cake is washed again, filtered, until pH value is 7, is transferred to drying oven, In 120 DEG C of dry 12h, active carbon discharging, cooling, packaging.
Further, the pyrolysis tower, medium temperature steam boiler, high-temperature steam boiler and revolving activation furnace join end to end.
Further, the time that crude product active carbon is discharged from bottom is added to as 1h from dipping biomass carbon in the step 4 ~2h.
Further, revolving activation furnace is turned round by the way of variable frequency adjustment in the step 4, revolving speed be 10r/min~ 15r/min。
Further, 10 °~30 ° of revolving activation furnace lifting angle in the step 4.
Further, the biomass carbon in the step 4 for activation is rice husk pyrolytic carbon, acid processing except oxide is net Powdered carbon after change rice husk pyrolytic carbon or rice husk pyrolytic carbon desiliconization.
Further, the biomass carbon in the step 4 for activation is furfural dregs after washing, drying, charing process The powdered carbon of powdered carbon or xylose residue after washing, drying, charing process.
Further, the activator in the step 3 is the mixed of the alkali and alkaline earth metal ions hydroxide containing potassium ion Close object.
Through the above design, the present invention can be brought the following benefits:
1, high-temperature steam is prepared using pyrolysis gas combustion heating vapor, carries out steam activation with purification charcoal and react, adds Enter K+ to be catalyzed to be formed oxygen-containing functional group (alcoholic extract hydroxyl group, phenolic hydroxyl group-OH, aldehyde radical/ester group C=O, carboxyl-COOH), it is living to increase active carbon Property.
2, steam activation biomass carbon prepares active carbon, and maximum problem is that biomass carbon is easy burning, cannot use Direct-fired method, and indirect heating activation is used to there is a problem of that energy consumption is high, the device is complicated, at high cost, it can not be with biography Active carbon competition prepared by vapor activation of uniting.High-temperature steam is prepared using pyrolysis gas combustion heating vapor, with purification charcoal Steam activation reaction is carried out, activity is improved, increases yield.
3, the hydrogen and CO that activation generates can be used for combustion heating steam and prepares high-temperature steam, not have to external energy.
4, the present invention joins end to end pyrolysis oven, medium temperature steam boiler, high-temperature steam furnace, steam activation furnace, and linking is tight It is close, energy loss is avoided, more main advantage is to be easy scale amplification and continuous-feeding.
5, in combustion heating steam course, anoxycausis controls reaction temperature, not oxygen-containing in combustion tail gas, guarantees subsequent It is carried out under without oxygen condition in process, safe operation.
Specific embodiment
In order to illustrate more clearly of the present invention, below with reference to preferred embodiment, the present invention is described further.Ability Field technique personnel should be appreciated that following specifically described content is illustrative and be not restrictive, this should not be limited with this The protection scope of invention.In order to avoid obscuring essence of the invention, well known method and process are not described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Step 1: biomass pyrolytic:
Biomass powder is broken to partial size 30mm~100mm, and pyrolysis tower is added through Dou Shi elevator, is adjusted into the oxygen of pyrolysis zone Content makes pyrolysis section temperature be maintained at 650 DEG C, is pyrolyzed 1.0h, and biomass decomposition is pyrolysis gas and pyrolytic carbon；
Step 2: pyrolysis gas produces high-temperature steam:
650 DEG C obtained in the step 1 of pyrolysis gas, which is introduced medium temperature steam boiler indirect heating production temperature, is 150 DEG C of medium temperature steam, then pyrolysis gas and medium temperature steam are introduced into high-temperature steam boiler simultaneously, combustion heating is to 900 DEG C, production High-temperature steam；
Step 3: activator impregnates:
Biomass carbon is uniformly mixed for 100:3 with activator solution spray in mass ratio, then impregnates 8h, preparation dipping life Substance charcoal；
Step 4: biomass carbon activates:
The high-temperature steam of step 2 preparation is added from the revolving activation furnace furnace bottom with inclination angle, adverse current uplink reaches Region of activation；The dipping biomass carbon of step 3 preparation is added at the top of revolving activation furnace, fair current downlink reaches reaction zone, In Under conditions of temperature is 900 DEG C, priming reaction is carried out, area, hot submersion biomass is added by top reactant in product gas Charcoal introduces combustion furnace burning and prepares high-temperature steam；Crude product active carbon is discharged from revolving activation furnace bottom；
Step 5: washing and drying:
The crude product active carbon and deionized water of step 4 are added in washing kettle for 1:10 according to mass ratio, first time water It washes, filter, collect filtrate return step three and recycle, filter cake is washed again, filtered, until pH value is 7, is transferred to drying oven, In 120 DEG C of dry 12h, active carbon discharging, cooling, packaging.
Wherein, the pyrolysis tower, medium temperature steam boiler, high-temperature steam boiler and revolving activation furnace join end to end, close to hold in the mouth It connects, reaction is carried out continuously, and avoids energy loss.
Wherein, in the step 4 from dipping biomass carbon be added to time that crude product active carbon be discharged from bottom for 1h~ 2h。
Wherein, revolving activation furnace is turned round by the way of variable frequency adjustment in the step 4, and revolving speed is 10r/min~15r/ min。
Wherein, revolving activation furnace lifting angle is 10 °~30 ° in the step 4.
Wherein, the biomass carbon in the step 4 for activation is rice husk pyrolytic carbon, the sour purification handled except oxide Powdered carbon after rice husk pyrolytic carbon or rice husk pyrolytic carbon desiliconization.
Wherein, the biomass carbon in the step 4 for activation is charcoal of the furfural dregs after washing, drying, charing process The powdered carbon of powder or xylose residue after washing, drying, charing process.
Wherein, the activator in the step 3 is the mixing of the alkali and alkaline earth metal ions hydroxide containing potassium ion Object.
Embodiment 2
Step 1: biomass pyrolytic:
Biomass powder is broken to partial size 30mm~100mm, and pyrolysis tower is added through Dou Shi elevator, is adjusted into the oxygen of pyrolysis zone Content makes pyrolysis section temperature be maintained at 600 DEG C, is pyrolyzed 0.5h, and biomass decomposition is pyrolysis gas and pyrolytic carbon；
Step 2: pyrolysis gas produces high-temperature steam:
600 DEG C obtained in the step 1 of pyrolysis gas, which is introduced medium temperature steam boiler indirect heating production temperature, is 160 DEG C of medium temperature steam, then pyrolysis gas and medium temperature steam are introduced into high-temperature steam boiler simultaneously, combustion heating is to 850 DEG C, production High-temperature steam；
Step 3: activator impregnates:
Biomass carbon is uniformly mixed for 100:1 with activator solution spray in mass ratio, then impregnates 6h, preparation dipping life Substance charcoal；
Step 4: biomass carbon activates:
The high-temperature steam of step 2 preparation is added from the revolving activation furnace furnace bottom with inclination angle, adverse current uplink reaches Region of activation；The dipping biomass carbon of step 3 preparation is added at the top of revolving activation furnace, fair current downlink reaches reaction zone, In Under conditions of temperature is 850 DEG C, priming reaction is carried out, area, hot submersion biomass is added by top reactant in product gas Charcoal introduces combustion furnace burning and prepares high-temperature steam；Crude product active carbon is discharged from revolving activation furnace bottom；
Step 5: washing and drying:
The crude product active carbon and deionized water of step 4 are added in washing kettle for 1:10 according to mass ratio, first time water It washes, filter, collect filtrate return step three and recycle, filter cake is washed again, filtered, until pH value is 7, is transferred to drying oven, In 120 DEG C of dry 12h, active carbon discharging, cooling, packaging.
Wherein, the pyrolysis tower, medium temperature steam boiler, high-temperature steam boiler and revolving activation furnace join end to end, close to hold in the mouth It connects, reaction is carried out continuously, and avoids energy loss.
Wherein, in the step 4 from dipping biomass carbon be added to time that crude product active carbon be discharged from bottom for 1h~ 2h。
Wherein, revolving activation furnace is turned round by the way of variable frequency adjustment in the step 4, and revolving speed is 10r/min~15r/ min。
Wherein, revolving activation furnace lifting angle is 10 °~30 ° in the step 4.
Wherein, the biomass carbon in the step 4 for activation is rice husk pyrolytic carbon, the sour purification handled except oxide One kind of powdered carbon after rice husk pyrolytic carbon, rice husk pyrolytic carbon desiliconization.
Wherein, the biomass carbon in the step 4 for activation is charcoal of the furfural dregs after washing, drying, charing process The powdered carbon of powder or xylose residue after washing, drying, charing process.
Wherein, the activator in the step 3 is the mixing of the alkali and alkaline earth metal ions hydroxide containing potassium ion Object.
Embodiment 3
Step 1: biomass pyrolytic:
Biomass powder is broken to partial size 30mm~100mm, and pyrolysis tower is added through Dou Shi elevator, is adjusted into the oxygen of pyrolysis zone Content makes pyrolysis section temperature be maintained at 700 DEG C, is pyrolyzed 1.0h, and biomass decomposition is pyrolysis gas and pyrolytic carbon；
Step 2: pyrolysis gas produces high-temperature steam:
700 DEG C obtained in the step 1 of pyrolysis gas, which is introduced medium temperature steam boiler indirect heating production temperature, is 180 DEG C of medium temperature steam, then pyrolysis gas and medium temperature steam are introduced into high-temperature steam boiler simultaneously, combustion heating is to 950 DEG C, production High-temperature steam；
Step 3: activator impregnates:
Biomass carbon is uniformly mixed for 100:2 with activator solution spray in mass ratio, then impregnates 6h, preparation dipping life Substance charcoal；
Step 4: biomass carbon activates:
The high-temperature steam of step 2 preparation is added from the revolving activation furnace furnace bottom with inclination angle, adverse current uplink reaches Region of activation；The dipping biomass carbon of step 3 preparation is added at the top of revolving activation furnace, fair current downlink reaches reaction zone, In Under conditions of temperature is 950 DEG C, priming reaction is carried out, area, hot submersion biomass is added by top reactant in product gas Charcoal introduces combustion furnace burning and prepares high-temperature steam；Crude product active carbon is discharged from revolving activation furnace bottom；
Step 5: washing and drying:
The crude product active carbon and deionized water of step 4 are added in washing kettle for 1:10 according to mass ratio, first time water It washes, filter, collect filtrate return step three and recycle, filter cake is washed again, filtered, until pH value is 7, is transferred to drying oven, In 120 DEG C of dry 12h, active carbon discharging, cooling, packaging.
Wherein, the pyrolysis tower, medium temperature steam boiler, high-temperature steam boiler and revolving activation furnace join end to end, close to hold in the mouth It connects, reaction is carried out continuously, and avoids energy loss.
Wherein, in the step 4 from dipping biomass carbon be added to time that crude product active carbon be discharged from bottom for 1h~ 2h。
Wherein, revolving activation furnace is turned round by the way of variable frequency adjustment in the step 4, and revolving speed is 10r/min~15r/ min。
Wherein, revolving activation furnace lifting angle is 10 °~30 ° in the step 4.
Wherein, the biomass carbon in the step 4 for activation is rice husk pyrolytic carbon, the sour purification handled except oxide Powdered carbon after rice husk pyrolytic carbon or rice husk pyrolytic carbon desiliconization.
Wherein the biomass carbon in the step 4 for activation is charcoal of the furfural dregs after washing, drying, charing process The powdered carbon of powder or xylose residue after washing, drying, charing process.
Wherein, the activator in the step 3 is the mixing of the alkali and alkaline earth metal ions hydroxide containing potassium ion Object.
Obviously, the above description of the embodiment is only used to help understand the method for the present invention and its core ideas, but right It, can be in the spirit for not departing from claims of the present invention and the case where principle for those skilled in the art Under a variety of variations, modification and replacement are carried out to these embodiments, these improvement and modification also fall into the guarantor of the claims in the present invention Within the scope of shield.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of method that biomass prepares active carbon, which is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: biomass pyrolytic:
Biomass powder is broken to partial size 30mm~100mm, pyrolysis tower is added through Dou Shi elevator, the oxygen for being adjusted into pyrolysis zone contains Amount makes pyrolysis section temperature be maintained at 600 DEG C~700 DEG C, is pyrolyzed 0.5h~1.0h, and biomass decomposition is pyrolysis gas and pyrolytic carbon；
Step 2: pyrolysis gas produces high-temperature steam:
600 DEG C obtained in the step 1~700 DEG C of pyrolysis gas is introduced into medium temperature steam boiler indirect heating and produces temperature For 150 DEG C~180 DEG C of medium temperature steam, then pyrolysis gas and medium temperature steam are introduced into high-temperature steam boiler simultaneously, combustion heating is extremely 850 DEG C~950 DEG C, produce high-temperature steam；
Step 3: activator impregnates:
In mass ratio it is 100:(1~3) biomass carbon is uniformly mixed with activator solution spray, then 6h~12h is impregnated, it prepares Impregnate biomass carbon；
Step 4: biomass carbon activates:
The high-temperature steam of step 2 preparation is added from the revolving activation furnace furnace bottom with inclination angle, adverse current uplink reaches activation Area；The dipping biomass carbon of step 3 preparation is added at the top of revolving activation furnace, fair current downlink reaches reaction zone, in temperature Under conditions of 850 DEG C~950 DEG C, priming reaction is carried out, area, hot submersion biology is added by top reactant in product gas Matter charcoal introduces combustion furnace burning and prepares high-temperature steam；Crude product active carbon is discharged from revolving activation furnace bottom；
Step 5: washing and drying:
The crude product active carbon and deionized water of step 4 are added in washing kettle for 1:10 according to mass ratio, first wash, Filtering is collected filtrate return step three and is recycled, and filter cake is washed again, filtered, until pH value is 7, drying oven is transferred to, 120 DEG C dry 12h, active carbon discharging, cooling, packaging.
2. the method that a kind of biomass according to claim 1 prepares active carbon, which is characterized in that the pyrolysis tower, in Warm steam boiler, high-temperature steam boiler and revolving activation furnace join end to end.
3. the method that a kind of biomass according to claim 1 prepares active carbon, which is characterized in that in the step 4 from Dipping biomass carbon is added to the time that crude product active carbon is discharged from bottom as 1h~2h.
4. the method that a kind of biomass according to claim 1 prepares active carbon, which is characterized in that returned in the step 4 Transactivation furnace is turned round by the way of variable frequency adjustment, and revolving speed is 10r/min~15r/min.
5. the method that a kind of biomass according to claim 1 prepares active carbon, which is characterized in that returned in the step 4 Transactivation furnace lifting angle 100~300。
6. the method that a kind of biomass according to claim 1 prepares active carbon, which is characterized in that used in the step 4 In activation biomass carbon be rice husk pyrolytic carbon, acid processing except oxide purification rice husk pyrolytic carbon or rice husk pyrolytic carbon desiliconization after Powdered carbon.
7. the method that a kind of biomass according to claim 1 prepares active carbon, which is characterized in that used in the step 4 In the biomass carbon of activation be powdered carbon or xylose residue of the furfural dregs after washing, drying, charing process through washing, drying, charing Treated powdered carbon.
8. the method that a kind of biomass according to claim 1 prepares active carbon, which is characterized in that in the step 3 Activator is the mixture of the alkali and alkaline earth metal ions hydroxide containing potassium ion.
CN201910851981.3A 2019-09-10 2019-09-10 A kind of method that biomass prepares active carbon Pending CN110407209A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114558547A (en) * 2022-03-03 2022-05-31 江西乐博维新材料有限公司 Biomass air purification columnar activated carbon and forming process thereof
CN115893407A (en) * 2022-11-23 2023-04-04 北京华能长江环保科技研究院有限公司 Preparation method and preparation system of activated carbon for nuclear waste gas

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102285650A (en) * 2011-06-13 2011-12-21 福建省龙岩龙能粉煤灰综合利用有限公司 Process for producing active carbon by using biomass for supplying heat and using fly ash
CN110054186A (en) * 2019-06-06 2019-07-26 吉林大学 A method of it producing capacitance carbon desiliconization Sewage treatment and utilizes

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102285650A (en) * 2011-06-13 2011-12-21 福建省龙岩龙能粉煤灰综合利用有限公司 Process for producing active carbon by using biomass for supplying heat and using fly ash
CN110054186A (en) * 2019-06-06 2019-07-26 吉林大学 A method of it producing capacitance carbon desiliconization Sewage treatment and utilizes

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114558547A (en) * 2022-03-03 2022-05-31 江西乐博维新材料有限公司 Biomass air purification columnar activated carbon and forming process thereof
CN115893407A (en) * 2022-11-23 2023-04-04 北京华能长江环保科技研究院有限公司 Preparation method and preparation system of activated carbon for nuclear waste gas

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Application publication date: 20191105