CN110404554B - Preparation method for preparing VOCs catalyst by using iron-containing solid waste - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a VOCs catalyst by utilizing iron-containing solid wastes and catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds by the VOCs catalyst. Mixed powder containing iron solid waste and organic matter is used as carrier material of catalyst, metal (one of Mn, Fe, Ni, Ce and V) oxide active component is loaded, and auxiliary agent (nitrate of Fe, Co and Ce and CaCO) is doped3One of the above) to prepare a catalyst capable of efficiently catalytically oxidizing VOCs. The catalyst loaded with the manganese element and doped with the cerium element has the best catalytic activity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of atmospheric pollution treatment, and particularly relates to a preparation method for preparing a VOCs catalyst by using iron-containing solid wastes.
Background
As a key precursor to the formation of atmospheric ozone and fine particulate pollution, the emission control of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is the focus of current air pollution control efforts. The working scheme defines volatile organic compounds as organic compounds participating in atmospheric photochemical reaction, including non-methane hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.), oxygen-containing organic compounds (aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, ethers, etc.), chlorine-containing organic compounds, nitrogen-containing organic compounds, sulfur-containing organic compounds, etc., wherein most VOCs including chlorine-containing organic compounds have high toxicity, and part of VOCs have (potential) carcinogenicity, thereby influencing the quality of atmospheric environment and directly or indirectly harming human health. The conventional VOCs pollution control technology mainly comprises a thermal combustion method, a catalytic combustion method, an adsorption method, an absorption method, a condensation method and the like, and is taken as a traditional organic waste gas treatment technology, the catalytic combustion technology becomes one of the technologies with the most application prospect by virtue of the characteristics of high treatment efficiency, low energy consumption and no secondary pollution, wherein the development of a high-performance catalytic material is the core of the technical system, and a catalyst participating in catalytic combustion reaction mainly comprises a carrier, a coating and active components, wherein the carrier is a key constituent part of the catalyst, and the carrier can obviously improve the catalytic activity besides carrying and dispersing the active components, not only because the dispersion performance of the active components after being carried is improved, but also because the two have a synergistic effect in a proper load proportion. The widely used VOCs catalyst carrier material at present is TiO2E.g. WO3-V2O5/TiO2、MnOx/TiO2And the like. However, TiO2The carrier material has complex production and preparation process and high operation requirement, so that the price of the catalyst product is overhigh, and the sale of the catalyst product and the popularization and application of the VOCs catalytic purification technology are not facilitated. Therefore, a low-cost carrier is developed to develop a high-efficiency catalyst for catalyzing and degrading VOCs, and the method has important practical significance for treating VOCs pollution.
The steel smelting process needs production processes of mining, ore dressing, sintering, iron making, steel rolling and the like, and iron-containing solid waste can be generated during the steel smelting. The iron-containing solid waste in China is wide in distribution and high in yield, but the comprehensive utilization rate is too low and the utilization approach is limited at present, and the problems of environmental pollution, resource waste, huge treatment cost, hidden danger of dam break of a tailing pond and the like can be caused by the large accumulation of the iron-containing solid waste. The comprehensive utilization of the iron-containing solid waste is realized, the development of the economic, effective and environment-friendly functional material with high additional output value is an important development direction of the iron-containing solid waste disposal technology, and huge social and economic benefits are certainly brought. The iron-containing solid waste has certain adsorption performance, and the main components of the iron-containing solid waste are chemically inert, have better stability and mechanical strength, and are very suitable for being used as a catalyst carrier material; in addition, the iron-containing solid waste contains a certain amount of chemically active metal elements, and the metal elements can improve the catalytic performance of the catalyst to a certain extent. However, no report is found in the current research on the preparation of catalysts for the catalytic degradation of VOCs by using iron-containing solid wastes as carriers, and related research is in a blank period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a VOCs catalyst by utilizing iron-containing solid wastes, which takes the iron-containing solid wastes as main raw materials, takes organic matters as an auxiliary agent to prepare a carrier, adopts a wet impregnation method to prepare a low-cost catalyst capable of efficiently degrading VOCs, and provides a new way for resource utilization of bulk iron-containing solid wastes.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method for preparing VOCs catalyst by utilizing iron-containing solid waste comprises the following steps:
1) mixing, crushing and screening the iron-containing solid waste and organic matters, and roasting at 400-650 ℃ for 1-6 h in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a catalyst carrier; the quality composition of the iron-containing solid waste is SiO2:35～45％；Fe2O3:5～15％；TiO21 to 8 percent; 8-15% of MgO; the others are 17-51%; the mass fraction of the organic matters in the total amount of the iron-containing solid waste and the organic matters is 1-5%;
2) adopting a wet impregnation method, taking the catalyst carrier obtained in the step 1) as a carrier material, loading a metal oxide active component, and doping an auxiliary agent, wherein the metal type in the metal oxide active component is one of Mn, Fe, Ni, Ce and V, and the auxiliary agent is nitrate of Fe, Co and Ce and CaCO3One of (1); the metal species in the metal oxide active component is different from the metal species in the auxiliary agent; the VOCs catalyst for degrading VOCs with high efficiency and low cost is prepared.
The grain diameter of the iron-containing solid waste and the organic matter after being mixed, crushed and screened is 180-300 meshes.
The wet impregnation method comprises the following steps: weighing the catalyst carrier obtained in the step 1), and dispersing the catalyst carrier in a catalyst A salt (A salt refers to nitrate and CaCO of Fe, Co and Ce as auxiliary elements) and a metal M salt (M refers to one of Mn, Fe, Ni, Ce and V)3One of the above) is fully stirred for 20-60 min, and then the obtained mixed solution is transferred to a water bath environment at 40-90 ℃ and continuously stirred until water is completely evaporated; fully drying the evaporated solid at 110-180 ℃ for 3-6 h, grinding the solid into uniform powder, and finally roasting the powder in a muffle furnace at 300-500 ℃ for 1-6 h to obtain the VOCs catalyst.
The ratio of the M element to the total mass of the M element and the catalyst carrier in the metal M salt is 0.05-0.5; the molar ratio of the element A in the metal A salt to the element M in the metal M salt is 0.05-0.6. Preferably, the ratio of the M element to the total mass of the M element and the catalyst carrier in the metal M salt is 0.1-0.3; the molar ratio of the element A in the metal A salt to the element M in the metal M salt is 0.1-0.4.
The organic matter is biomass materials such as straw, corncob and the like.
The invention also protects the VOCs catalyst obtained by the preparation method.
The invention also protects the application of the VOCs catalyst, and the catalyst is applied to degrading volatile organic compounds. Continuously testing the activity of the catalyst in a fixed bed micro-reaction-chromatographic system and detecting reaction products on line, wherein the temperature of the catalytic oxidation reaction is 50-350 ℃, the dosage of the catalyst is 50-500 mg, the concentration of VOCs is 50-500 ppm, and O is2The content is 5-30%, and the total gas flow is 20-200 mL/min; representative compounds of the VOCs include benzene, toluene, xylene, o-dichlorobenzene, and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the preparation method of the invention takes iron-containing solid wastes with specific compositions as main raw materials, takes organic matters as auxiliary agents, obtains catalyst carrier materials through high-temperature pretreatment in an oxygen-free nitrogen atmosphere, and then uses the carrier materials to load metal oxide active components and dopes the auxiliary agents to prepare the low-cost catalyst capable of efficiently degrading VOCs. The catalyst realizes efficient catalytic oxidation of benzene, toluene, xylene and o-dichlorobenzene which are representative species of volatile organic compounds by utilizing strong interaction between the carrier and the active component and synergistic action between the active component and the auxiliary agent, and has wide applicability to catalytic degradation of VOCs. Wherein, the catalyst loaded with Mn element and doped with Ce element has CeO element and the synergistic effect between the Mn element and the Ce element2Excellent oxygen storage capacity and oxidation characteristics, thus having optimal catalytic activity and good low-temperature catalytic effect. The experimental comparison shows that Ce30Mn15The performance of the/TC catalyst (Mn/catalyst carrier total mass ratio of 0.15, Ce/Mn ═ 30 mol%) for the catalytic oxidation of o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) is to a certain extent better than that of commercial V2O5-WO3/TiO2Catalysts, e.g. Ce at 300 deg.C30Mn15100% conversion of/TC to o-DCB and commercial catalyst V2O5-WO3/TiO2The conversion to o-DCB was only 81.7%. The catalyst has the advantages of high efficiency, stability, greenness, safety, low cost and the like, and has wide market application prospect.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the contents of the present invention, the following examples are given to further illustrate the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the examples.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a VOCs catalyst by utilizing iron-containing solid wastes, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing, crushing and screening the iron-containing solid waste and organic matters, and roasting at 400-650 ℃ for 1-6 h in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a catalyst carrier; the quality composition of the iron-containing solid waste is SiO2:35～45％；Fe2O3:5～15％；TiO21 to 8 percent; 8-15% of MgO; the others are 17-51%; the mass fraction of the organic matters in the total amount of the iron-containing solid waste and the organic matters is 1-5%.
2) Adopting a wet impregnation method, taking the catalyst carrier obtained in the step 1) as a carrier material, loading a metal oxide active component, and doping an auxiliary agent, wherein the metal type in the metal oxide active component is one of Mn, Fe, Ni, Ce and V, and the auxiliary agent is nitrate of Fe, Co and Ce and CaCO3One of (1); the metal species in the metal oxide active component is different from the metal species in the auxiliary agent; the VOCs catalyst for degrading VOCs with high efficiency and low cost is prepared.
The wet impregnation method comprises the following steps: weighing the catalyst carrier obtained in the step 1), and dispersing the catalyst carrier in a catalyst A salt (A salt refers to nitrate and CaCO of Fe, Co and Ce as auxiliary elements) and a metal M salt (M refers to one of Mn, Fe, Ni, Ce and V)3One of the above) is fully stirred for 20-60 min, and then the obtained mixed solution is transferred to a water bath environment at 40-90 ℃ and continuously stirred until water is completely evaporated; fully drying the evaporated solid at 110-180 ℃ for 3-6 h, grinding the solid into uniform powder, and finally roasting the powder in a muffle furnace at 300-500 ℃ for 1-6 h to obtain the VOCs catalyst.
In the preparation method, the mass ratio of the metal M element in the step (2) to the total mass of the M element and the catalyst carrier is 0.05-0.5, and preferably 0.1-0.3.
In the above production method, the molar ratio of the metal a element to the M element in the step (2) is 0.05 to 0.6, and preferably 0.1 to 0.4.
The organic matter is biomass such as straw, corncob and the like.
The invention also discloses application of the VOCs catalyst prepared by the method, and the catalyst is applied to degradation of volatile organic compounds.
When the catalyst is applied to degrading volatile organic compounds, the specific process is that the catalyst is used for catalytically oxidizing representative compounds (including benzene, toluene, xylene, O-dichlorobenzene and the like) of VOCs, the activity evaluation of the catalyst is carried out in a fixed bed micro-reverse-chromatography system, the catalytic oxidation reaction temperature is 50-350 ℃, the dosage of the catalyst is 50-500 mg, the concentration of the VOCs is 50-500 ppm, and O is2The content is 5-30%, and the total gas flow is 20-200 mL/min.
In the present invention, the performance of the VOCs catalyst in catalytically oxidizing the representative compounds of VOCs was evaluated by the conversion rate of the representative compounds of VOCs.
Aiming at VOCs catalytic oxidation, the invention prepares a catalyst carrier by taking iron-containing solid wastes with specific compositions as main raw materials, takes organic matters as an auxiliary agent, and carries out high-temperature roasting under anaerobic conditions to obtain a new carrier material, wherein the new carrier material is roasted under anaerobic conditions, a small amount of organic matters are carbonized to form more adsorption active sites, and then an active component and the auxiliary agent are loaded, and the catalyst for efficiently degrading VOCs can be prepared through the synergistic effect of the carrier, the active component and the auxiliary agent. The catalyst obtained by the method is cheap in raw materials, low in cost, capable of realizing waste utilization and high in catalytic efficiency.
The method of the invention carries out twice roasting, one time is anaerobic roasting to the solid waste catalyst carrier containing iron, and the other time is aerobic roasting to the catalyst loaded with metal, the temperature of the anaerobic roasting is not lower than the temperature of the aerobic roasting, so that the catalyst carrier can not be changed in quality during the second roasting to influence the catalytic activity.
Example 1
(1) Preparing a catalyst carrier by using iron-containing solid waste: weighing 200g of iron-containing solid waste (SiO in the solid waste)2:40％；Fe2O3:11％；TiO28 percent of carbon black; 10 percent of MgO; other 31%) and organic matter 6g (corn stalk); and (3) crushing the two materials by using a crusher, screening the crushed materials to obtain powder of 180-300 meshes, and uniformly mixing the two kinds of powder. Followed by calcination at 500 ℃ for 2h under nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the catalyst support, denoted as TC.
(2) Preparing a catalyst: 1g of catalyst carrier is weighed and dispersed in a mixed solution containing manganese nitrate and cerium nitrate, wherein the mass ratio of Mn element to the total mass of the catalyst carrier is 0.15, and the molar ratio of metal Ce element to Mn element is 0.3. Stirring thoroughly for 30min, then transferring the obtained mixed solution to a water bath environment at 90 ℃ and continuously stirring until the water is completely evaporated. Fully drying the evaporated solid at 130 ℃ for 5h, grinding the solid into uniform powder, and finally roasting the powder in a muffle furnace at 450 ℃ for 2h to obtain the VOCs catalyst recorded as Ce30Mn15/TC。
(3) Experimental procedure for the catalytic Oxidation of ortho-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB)
Loading a catalyst: 100mg of the catalyst was loaded in a stainless steel catalytic reaction bed (inner diameter: 5mm), and quartz cotton mats were loaded on both ends of the catalyst.
The catalytic reaction conditions are as follows: total gas flow rate: 60mL/min, o-DCB concentration: 50ppm, O2The content is as follows: 10 percent and the reaction temperature is 50-350 ℃.
Ce30Mn15The performance of the/TC catalyst for the catalytic oxidation of o-DCB was evaluated by the conversion to o-DCB and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1-1 Ce30Mn15Efficiency of/TC catalyst for catalytic oxidation of o-DCB
To illustrate the VOCs catalyst Ce prepared by the invention30Mn15TC catalytic oxygenTo take advantage of the performance of VOCs, 100mg of commercial catalyst V was taken2O5-WO3/TiO2The performance of the catalytic oxidation o-DCB was evaluated, and the specific reaction conditions were the same as those in (3), and the results are shown in tables 1-2.
TABLE 1-2 commercial catalyst V2O5-WO3/TiO2Efficiency of catalytic oxidation of o-DCB
Example 2
(1) Preparing a catalyst carrier by using iron-containing solid waste: weighing 250g of iron-containing solid waste (SiO in the solid waste)2:37％；Fe2O3:9％；TiO25 percent of; 12 percent of MgO; and the rest is 37 percent) and organic matter is 7.5g (corncobs), the two are crushed by a crusher, powder of 180-250 meshes is obtained by screening, and then the powder is roasted for 2 hours at 450 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a catalyst carrier which is marked as TC.
(2) Preparing a catalyst: 1g of catalyst carrier is weighed and dispersed in a mixed solution containing cerium nitrate (active component) and cobalt nitrate (auxiliary agent), wherein the mass ratio of Ce element to the total mass of Ce element and catalyst carrier is 0.15, and the molar ratio of metal Co element to Ce element is 0.45. Stirring thoroughly for 30min, then transferring the obtained mixture to a water bath environment at 80 ℃ and continuously stirring until the water is completely evaporated. Fully drying the evaporated solid at 130 ℃ for 5h, grinding the dried solid into uniform powder, and finally roasting the powder in a muffle furnace at 350 ℃ for 2h to obtain the VOCs catalyst recorded as Co45Ce15/TC。
(3) Experimental procedure for catalytic Oxidation of benzene
Loading a catalyst: 100mg of the catalyst was loaded in a stainless steel catalytic reaction bed (inner diameter: 5mm), and quartz cotton mats were loaded on both ends of the catalyst.
The catalytic reaction conditions are as follows: total gas flow rate: 60mL/min, benzene concentration: 200ppm, O2The content is as follows: 10 percent, and the reaction temperature is 50-350℃。
Co45Ce15The performance of the/TC catalyst for the catalytic oxidation of benzene was evaluated by the conversion of benzene and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Co45Ce15Efficiency of catalytic oxidation of benzene by TC catalyst
Example 3
(1) Preparing a catalyst carrier by using iron-containing solid waste: weighing 200g of iron-containing solid waste (SiO in the solid waste)2:32％；Fe2O3:6％；TiO25 percent of; 4 percent of MgO; the other is 53 percent) and 8g of organic matter (corncob), the two are crushed by a crusher and then screened to obtain powder of 180-300 meshes. Followed by calcination at 400 ℃ for 3h under nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the catalyst support, denoted as TC.
(2) Preparing a catalyst: 1g of carrier is weighed and dispersed in a mixed solution containing nickel nitrate and cerium nitrate, wherein the mass ratio of Ni element to the total mass of Ni element and catalyst carrier is 0.15, and the molar ratio of Ce element to Ni element is 0.15. Stirring thoroughly for 60min, then transferring the obtained mixed solution to a water bath environment at 90 ℃ and continuously stirring until the water is completely evaporated. Fully drying the evaporated solid at 130 ℃ for 5h, grinding the dried solid into uniform powder, and finally roasting the powder in a muffle furnace at 400 ℃ for 3h to obtain the VOCs catalyst recorded as Ce15Ni15/TC。
(3) Experimental procedure for catalytic Oxidation of toluene
Loading a catalyst: 50mg of the catalyst was packed in a stainless steel catalytic reaction bed (inner diameter: 5mm), and quartz wool mats were packed at both ends of the catalyst.
The catalytic reaction conditions are as follows: total gas flow rate: 100mL/min, toluene concentration: 50ppm, O2The content is as follows: 5 percent and the reaction temperature is 50-350 ℃.
Ce15Ni15The performance of the/TC catalyst for the catalytic oxidation of toluene was evaluated by the conversion of p-toluene, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Ce15Ni15Catalytic oxidation with TC catalystEfficiency of toluene
Example 4
(1) Preparing a catalyst carrier by using iron-containing solid waste: weighing 200g of iron-containing solid waste (SiO in the solid waste)2:44％；Fe2O3:13％；TiO23 percent of; 9 percent of MgO; and the rest is 31 percent) and organic matter 2.5g (cotton straws), crushing the crushed materials by a crusher, screening the crushed materials to obtain powder of 180-300 meshes, and roasting the powder for 2 hours at 600 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a catalyst carrier, wherein the catalyst carrier is marked as TC.
(2) Preparing a catalyst: 1g of carrier is weighed and dispersed in a mixed solution containing ammonium metavanadate and ferric nitrate, wherein the mass ratio of the V element to the total mass of the V element and the catalyst carrier is 0.15, and the molar ratio of the metal Fe element to the V element is 0.3. Stirring thoroughly for 30min, then transferring the obtained mixture to a water bath environment at 60 ℃ and continuously stirring until the water is completely evaporated. Fully drying the evaporated solid at 180 ℃ for 3h, grinding the dried solid into uniform powder, and finally roasting the powder in a muffle furnace at 450 ℃ for 2h to obtain the VOCs catalyst which is recorded as Fe30V15/TC。
(3) Experimental procedure for catalytic Oxidation of xylenes
Loading a catalyst: 200mg of the catalyst was loaded in a stainless steel catalytic reaction bed (inner diameter: 5mm), and quartz cotton mats were loaded on both ends of the catalyst.
The catalytic reaction conditions are as follows: total gas flow rate: 60mL/min, toluene concentration: 50ppm, O2The content is as follows: 10 percent and the reaction temperature is 50-350 ℃.
Fe30V15The performance of the/TC catalyst in the catalytic oxidation of xylene was evaluated by the conversion of p-xylene, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Fe30V15Efficiency of catalytic oxidation of xylene by TC catalyst
Example 5
(1) Preparing a catalyst carrier by using iron-containing solid waste: weighing 200g of iron-containing solid waste (SiO in the solid waste)2:38％；Fe2O3:7％；TiO25 percent of; 11 percent of MgO; and the other 39 percent of organic matter 6g (cotton straws) is crushed by a crusher and then sieved to obtain powder of 180-300 meshes. Followed by calcination at 600 ℃ for 2h under nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the catalyst support, denoted as TC.
(2) Preparing a catalyst: 1g of carrier is weighed and dispersed in a mixed solution containing ferric nitrate and cerium nitrate, wherein the mass ratio of Fe element to Fe element and the total mass of the catalyst carrier is 0.20, and the molar ratio of Ce element to Fe element is 0.3. Stirring thoroughly for 40min, then transferring the obtained mixed solution to a water bath environment at 90 ℃ and continuously stirring until the water is completely evaporated. Fully drying the evaporated solid at 110 ℃ for 6h, grinding the solid into uniform powder, and finally roasting the powder in a muffle furnace at 450 ℃ for 2h to obtain the VOCs catalyst recorded as Ce30Fe20/TC。
(3) Experimental procedure for the catalytic Oxidation of ortho-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB)
Loading a catalyst: 200mg of the catalyst was loaded in a stainless steel catalytic reaction bed (inner diameter: 5mm), and quartz cotton mats were loaded on both ends of the catalyst.
The catalytic reaction conditions are as follows: total gas flow rate: 60mL/min, toluene concentration: 50ppm, O2The content is as follows: 20 percent and the reaction temperature is 50-350 ℃.
Ce30Fe20The performance of the/TC catalyst for the catalytic oxidation of o-DCB was evaluated in terms of the conversion to o-DCB and the results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 Ce30Fe20Efficiency of/TC catalyst for catalytic oxidation of o-DCB
Example 6
(1) Preparing a catalyst carrier by using iron-containing solid waste: weighing 200g of iron-containing solid waste (SiO in the solid waste)2:40％；Fe2O3:7％；TiO28 percent of carbon black; 15 percent of MgO; other 30 percent) and 8.5g of organic matter (corn straws) are crushed by a crusherAnd screening to obtain powder of 180-300 meshes. The catalyst support was then calcined at 550 ℃ for 4h under nitrogen atmosphere to give the catalyst support denoted as TC.
(2) Preparing a catalyst: 1g of carrier is weighed and dispersed in a mixed solution containing manganese nitrate and calcium carbonate, wherein the mass ratio of Mn element to Mn element and the total mass of solid wastes is 0.10, and the molar ratio of metal Ca element to Mn element is 0.3. Stirring thoroughly for 30min, then transferring the obtained mixed solution to a water bath environment at 90 ℃ and continuously stirring until the water is completely evaporated. Fully drying the lower layer solid at 130 ℃ for 5h, grinding the lower layer solid into uniform powder, and finally roasting the powder in a muffle furnace at 500 ℃ for 2h to obtain the VOCs catalyst recorded as Ca30Mn10/TC。
(3) Experimental procedure for the catalytic Oxidation of ortho-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB)
Loading a catalyst: 100mg of the catalyst was loaded in a stainless steel catalytic reaction bed (inner diameter: 5mm), and quartz cotton mats were loaded on both ends of the catalyst.
The catalytic reaction conditions are as follows: total gas flow rate: 60mL/min, toluene concentration: 50ppm, O2The content is as follows: 10 percent and the reaction temperature is 50-350 ℃.
Ca30Mn10The performance of the/TC catalyst for the catalytic oxidation of o-DCB was evaluated in terms of the conversion to o-DCB and the results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 Ca30Mn10Efficiency of/TC catalyst for catalytic oxidation of o-DCB
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method for preparing VOCs catalyst by utilizing iron-containing solid waste comprises the following steps:
1) mixing, crushing and screening the iron-containing solid waste and organic matters, and roasting at 400-650 ℃ for 1-6 h in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a catalyst carrier; the quality composition of the iron-containing solid waste is SiO2:35～45％；Fe2O3:5～15％；TiO21 to 8 percent; 8-15% of MgO; others17 to 51 percent; the mass fraction of the organic matters in the total amount of the iron-containing solid waste and the organic matters is 1-5%;
2) adopting a wet impregnation method, taking the catalyst carrier obtained in the step 1) as a carrier material, loading a metal oxide active component, and doping an auxiliary agent, wherein the metal type in the metal oxide active component is one of Mn, Fe, Ni, Ce and V, and the auxiliary agent is nitrate of Fe, Co and Ce and CaCO3One of (1); the metal species in the metal oxide active component is different from the metal species in the auxiliary agent; the VOCs catalyst for degrading VOCs with high efficiency and low cost is prepared.
2. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the grain size of the iron-containing solid waste and the organic matter after being mixed, crushed and sieved is 180-300 meshes.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the wet impregnation process comprises: weighing the catalyst carrier in the step 1), dispersing the catalyst carrier in a mixed solution containing metal M salt and metal A salt, fully stirring for 20-60 min, and then transferring the obtained mixed solution to a water bath environment at 40-90 ℃ to continuously stir until water is completely evaporated; fully drying the evaporated solid at 110-180 ℃ for 3-6 h, grinding the solid into uniform powder, and roasting the powder in a muffle furnace at 300-500 ℃ for 1-6 h to obtain a VOCs catalyst; m is one of Mn, Fe, Ni, Ce and V, A salt is nitrate and CaCO of Fe, Co and Ce as auxiliary element3One kind of (1).
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the ratio of M element to the total mass of M element and the catalyst carrier in the metal M salt is 0.05 to 0.5; the molar ratio of the element A in the metal A salt to the element M in the metal M salt is 0.05-0.6.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the ratio of M element to the total mass of M element and the catalyst carrier in the metal M salt is 0.1 to 0.3; the molar ratio of the element A in the metal A salt to the element M in the metal M salt is 0.1-0.4.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the organic matter is straw or corncob.
7. A VOCs catalyst obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The application of the VOCs catalyst is characterized in that: the VOCs catalyst prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 or the VOCs catalyst of claim 7 is used for catalytic oxidation of VOCs representative compounds, the activity of the catalyst is continuously tested in a fixed bed micro-reverse-chromatography system, the reaction product is detected on line, the catalytic oxidation reaction temperature is 50-350 ℃, the catalyst dosage is 50-500 mg, the concentration of VOCs is 50-500 ppm, and O is O2The content is 5-30%, and the total gas flow is 20-200 mL/min; representative compounds of the VOCs include benzene, toluene, xylene, or o-dichlorobenzene.
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