CN110401017B - Vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure and vehicle-mounted antenna system - Google Patents
Vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure and vehicle-mounted antenna system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110401017B CN110401017B CN201910647076.6A CN201910647076A CN110401017B CN 110401017 B CN110401017 B CN 110401017B CN 201910647076 A CN201910647076 A CN 201910647076A CN 110401017 B CN110401017 B CN 110401017B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/364—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The application provides a vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure and vehicle-mounted antenna system, wherein, vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure includes upright layer and top loading layer, sets up the top loading layer that can the flexible folding through the top on upright layer, sets up the metal curve structure in top loading layer and the upright layer through Hilbert structure, realizes the antenna structure that has the FM function. Because the vertical layer and the top loading layer are both formed by artificial electromagnetic metamaterials comprising dielectric plates and metal curve structures, and the metal curves are both formed by Hilbert basic units, the requirements of miniaturization, integration and high antenna gain are met while the FM function of the vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency components, in particular to a vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure and a vehicle-mounted antenna system.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the internet of vehicles needs to use a large amount of electronic tags and sensor information on the vehicles; a broadcast antenna, a GPS antenna, or the like is used to transmit and receive relevant information. Miniaturization of vehicle-mounted antennas is a necessary trend for future developments due to the limited space given to the antennas on vehicles. Improving the antenna gain in a limited space is an important research direction.
The conventional methods for improving passive gain of the vehicle-mounted antenna at present are all to increase the effective height of the antenna in the vertical direction, wherein the vertical direction is the + z-axis direction relative to the ground surface in the antenna design. However, the trend of miniaturization and integration is not satisfied, and therefore, how to provide a vehicle-mounted antenna that can improve the antenna gain while satisfying the miniaturization and integration is a technical problem to be solved urgently, and particularly, an antenna structure that can realize the FM function is required.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure and a vehicle-mounted antenna system, so as to solve the problem of contradiction between antenna gain, miniaturization and integration of a vehicle-mounted FM antenna in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an in-vehicle FM antenna structure comprising:
an upright layer and a top loading layer;
the upright layer comprises a first dielectric plate, a first metal curve and a second metal curve, and the first dielectric plate comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged; the first metal curve is positioned on the first surface, and the second metal curve is positioned on the second surface; the first metal curve comprises a first connecting section and a plurality of first Hilbert basic units, the first connecting section is located at the top of the upright layer and electrically connected with one of the first Hilbert basic units, and the first Hilbert basic units are electrically connected end to end; the second metal curve comprises a second connecting section and a third connecting section, one end of the second connecting section is electrically connected with one end, far away from the first connecting section, of the plurality of first Hilbert basic units after being connected, and the other end of the second connecting section is electrically connected with the top loading layer; one end of the third connecting section is used as a feeding point of the vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure, and the other end of the third connecting section is electrically connected with the top loading layer;
the top loading layer comprises a second dielectric plate and a third metal curve, and the second dielectric plate comprises a third surface and a fourth surface which are oppositely arranged; the third metal curve comprises a plurality of second Hilbert basic units, the second Hilbert basic units are electrically connected end to form two free ends, and the two free ends are respectively electrically connected with the second connecting section and the third connecting section;
the second dielectric plate is a flexible dielectric plate, covers the top of the upright layer and is folded along the top edge contour of the upright layer; the third metal curve is located on the third upper surface or the third lower surface.
Preferably, the operating frequency range of the FM antenna structure is 87.5MHz-108MHz, inclusive.
Preferably, the first Hilbert basic unit and the second Hilbert basic unit are both third-order Hilbert curves.
Preferably, the number of the first Hilbert basic units is 2, the number of the second Hilbert basic units is 4, and the peripheral outlines of the 4 Hilbert basic units are square.
Preferably, the line width of the Hilbert curve is 0.5mm, and the distance between adjacent wires is 2.5 mm.
Preferably, the third surface is the surface facing away from the upstanding layer, the top loading layer metal and the upstanding layer metal being in short circuit contact.
Preferably, the second dielectric board is a Rogers5880 flexible substrate, or an F4B flexible substrate, an FPC flexible circuit board.
Preferably, the second dielectric plate has a thickness of 0.2 mm.
Preferably, the top loading layer is doubled over relative to the top edge profile of the standing layer.
The invention also provides a vehicle-mounted antenna system which comprises the vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure.
According to the technical scheme, the vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure comprises the vertical layer and the top loading layer, the top loading layer capable of being flexibly folded is arranged on the top of the vertical layer, and the metal curve structures in the top loading layer and the vertical layer are arranged through the Hilbert structure, so that the antenna structure with the FM function is realized. Because the vertical layer and the top loading layer are both formed by artificial electromagnetic metamaterials comprising dielectric plates and metal curve structures, and the metal curves are both formed by Hilbert basic units, the requirements of miniaturization, integration and high antenna gain are met while the FM function of the vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted FM antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first surface structure of an upright layer of a vehicle FM antenna structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second surface structure of an upstanding layer of a vehicle FM antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a top loading layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of one to four order Hilbert fractal shapes;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of Hilbert curve parameters provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a S11 curve of reflection coefficient of the vehicle FM antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a gain pattern of the vehicle-mounted FM antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the invention aims at the problem of lower gain of an FM antenna in the existing vehicle-mounted integrated antenna system, and the artificial electromagnetic metamaterial is formed by the artificial electromagnetic structure and the commercial dielectric substrate, and has the performance advantages of high performance and miniaturization.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic view of a vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, where the vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure includes:
a standing layer 1 and a top loading layer 2; the vertical layer 1 comprises a first dielectric plate (not shown in the figure), a first metal curve and a second metal curve, wherein the first dielectric plate comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged; the first metal curve is located on the first surface, and the second metal curve is located on the second surface. The top loading layer 2 comprises a second dielectric plate and a third metal curve, and the second dielectric plate comprises a third surface and a fourth surface which are oppositely arranged. In the embodiment of the present invention, the first dielectric plate is a rigid dielectric plate, and optionally, may be a PCB, so as to form a supporting function for the top loading layer. The second dielectric plate is a flexible dielectric plate, covers the top of the upright layer 1 and is folded along the top edge contour of the upright layer 1; the third metal curve is located on the third surface. In this embodiment, whether the third surface faces the standing layer or faces away from the standing layer is not limited as long as the top loading layer 2 can cover the top of the standing layer 1 and form a fold to realize the FM antenna function.
It should be noted that, since the top loading layer covers the upright layer after being bent, in order to avoid short-circuit connection between the metal curve on the top loading layer after being bent and the metal curve of the upright layer, in this embodiment, optionally, the metal curve on the top loading layer is located on a surface away from the upright layer, that is, the third surface is a surface away from the upright layer.
To further illustrate the vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure provided in the present embodiment, please refer to fig. 2 and fig. 3, wherein fig. 2 is a schematic view of a first surface structure of the standing layer, and fig. 3 is a schematic view of a second surface structure of the standing layer; the first metal curve is located on the first surface of the first dielectric slab 11, the first metal curve includes a first connection section 13 and a plurality of first Hilbert basic units 12, as shown in a dashed-line frame in fig. 2, the first connection section 13 is located on the top of the vertical layer, the first connection section 13 is electrically connected to one of the first Hilbert basic units 12, and the plurality of first Hilbert basic units 12 are electrically connected end to end; the second metal curve comprises a second connecting section 14 and a third connecting section 15, one end B of the second connecting section 14 is electrically connected with one end B' far away from the first connecting section 13 after being connected with the plurality of first Hilbert basic units 12, and the other end D of the second connecting section 14 is electrically connected with the top loading layer; one end A of the third connecting section 15 is used as a feeding point of the vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure, and the other end C is electrically connected with the top loading layer;
referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic view of a top loading layer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; the top loading layer comprises a second dielectric plate 21 and a third metal curve 22, the third metal curve 22 comprises a plurality of second Hilbert basic units, the second Hilbert basic units are electrically connected end to form two free ends (C 'and D'), and the two free ends (C 'and D') are electrically connected with the second connecting section 14 and the third connecting section 15 respectively.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, both the first Hilbert basic cell and the second Hilbert basic cell are third-order Hilbert curves. The Hilbert fractal antenna is a typical design in all antenna types at present, and is composed of a dielectric substrate, a conducting wire layer and a grounding plate, wherein the conducting wire layer is formed by a Hilbert fractal, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the shape of the Hilbert fractal from one to four orders, and the Hilbert fractal can be described as follows: equally dividing the square into four first-order small squares, and sequentially connecting the centers of the squares at the lower left corner, the upper right corner and the lower right corner to obtain a parting unit (namely a first-order Hilbert fractal); each first-order small square is divided into four second-order small squares, the processes are repeated, the opening directions of the generated high-order fractal units obey a certain rule (the opening directions of the high-order fractal units at the lower left corner, the upper right corner and the lower right corner in the figure 5 are sequentially left, lower and right), the openings of the fractal units are connected according to a specific sequence (the openings of the high-order fractal units at the lower left corner, the upper right corner and the lower right corner in the figure 5 are connected in sequence), and finally a curve which can fill the whole square is obtained, namely a Hibert curve.
In this embodiment, specific numbers of the first Hilbert basic cells in the vertical layer and the second Hilbert basic cells in the top loading layer are not limited, and alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, two first Hilbert basic cells may be included in the vertical layer, and as shown in fig. 4, four second Hilbert basic cells may be included in the top loading layer. It should be noted that in other embodiments, three, four or more first Hilbert basic cells may be included in the vertical layer 1. Likewise, eight or even more second Hilbert base cells may be included in the top loading layer.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the number and the arrangement manner of the Hilbert curve units in the vertical layer are not limited, and two Hilbert curve units may be arranged up and down as shown in fig. 2, or a plurality of Hilbert curve units may be arranged, which is not limited in this embodiment. The arrangement shown in fig. 2 can make the equivalent length of the FM antenna bus (all lengths of the summed FM antenna metal curves) reach the length required by 100MHz resonance, so as to realize the antenna resonance in the frequency band required by the FM receiver operation, and realize good acceptance of FM signals in free space. If the FM antenna resonance can be achieved at 100MHz in other ways, the corresponding setting can be made.
In addition, in this embodiment, the placement relationship between the vertical layer structure and the top loading layer structure is not limited, as long as the metal of the top loading layer and the metal curve of the vertical layer structure are connected to form a monopole antenna.
The specific thickness of the dielectric plate material of the standing layer structure is not limited in this embodiment, and the optional thickness of the dielectric plate material ranges from 0.5mm to 1.6mm, inclusive, and the specific material of the dielectric plate material is not limited in this embodiment, and in one embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric plate material may be RF4 material, and the dielectric constant is 4.3 to 4.6, inclusive. Other PCB board materials are also possible. The dielectric slab (also the second dielectric slab) thickness on top loading layer is 0.2mm, and the material can be Rogers5880, and this material has the flexible physical characteristic of buckling, consequently can depend on the antenna house inner wall to promote space utilization, and then furthest promotes the antenna gain. The metal layer of the top loading layer can also be curved and carved on the inner surface of the antenna housing by using a laser carving process. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the bending deformation of the top loading layer structure does not change the resonant frequency of the antenna. In other embodiments of the present invention, the second dielectric board may also be a flexible substrate such as an F4B flexible substrate or an FPC flexible circuit board, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, specific materials of the first metal curve, the second metal curve, and the third metal curve in the FM antenna are not limited, and all of the materials are optionally copper.
The metamaterial FM antenna provided in this embodiment is composed of two parts, namely, an upright layer and a top loading layer, and the basic structures of the metamaterial FM antenna are all Hilbert basic units, the Hilbert curve structure is shown in fig. 6, and specific parameters are shown in table 1.
| Width W | Length L | Line width s | Unit distance d | Thickness t of the medium |
| 20mm | 20mm | 0.5mm | 1.5mm | 1.5mm |
The dielectric thickness is the dielectric thickness of the standing layer.
In the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of Hilbert structures are cascaded and equivalent to a zigzag monopole antenna, and a resonant center frequency point of the monopole antenna can be represented by the following formula:
f＝c/4L(1)
wherein f refers to the center frequency of the working position of the antenna, and L is the total length of the Hilbert curve.
The vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure shown in fig. 1 is described by taking an example that the line width s of the Hilbert basic unit in the vertical layer is 0.5mm, and the distance d between the basic units (i.e., between similar units) is 2.5mm, and the vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure provided by the invention can also improve the isolation between the vehicle-mounted mobile communication dual antennas, and is a low-profile metamaterial structure.
The Hilbert basic cell size of the top loading layer is identical to that of the upright layer, namely the line width s of each Hilbert cell is identical to the basic cell pitch, and the difference is only in the difference of the dielectric plate materials. The top loading layer Hilbert cell is based on Rogers5880 flexible material, with a dielectric plate thickness of 0.2mm, and is thus capable of being internally affixed to the shark fin hull internal wall.
As shown in fig. 7, a reflection coefficient S11 curve of the high-gain metamaterial FM antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention shows that the operating frequency band of the vehicle-mounted FM antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention is 87.5MHz-108 MHz.
As shown in fig. 8, through computer discretization calculation simulation analysis, for the gain pattern of the high-gain metamaterial FM antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention, when the vehicle-mounted metamaterial FM antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention works at the main frequency point of 98MHz, the antenna gain is-22 dB.
Namely, the metamaterial FM antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention has a central frequency point of 98MHz and a working bandwidth of 87.5MHz-108MHz, including an endpoint value. The antenna has a total height in the vertical direction (i.e., the vertical height in fig. 1) of less than 45mm and a total width (i.e., the distance between the left and right sides of the standing layer in fig. 1) of less than 32mm, and thus can be used as an integrated, miniaturized, and high-gain FM function vehicle-mounted FM antenna.
The vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure comprises an upright layer and a top loading layer, wherein the top loading layer capable of being flexibly folded is arranged at the top of the upright layer, and the top loading layer and a metal curve structure in the upright layer are arranged through a Hilbert structure, so that the antenna structure with the FM function is realized. Because the vertical layer and the top loading layer are both formed by artificial electromagnetic metamaterials comprising dielectric plates and metal curve structures, and the metal curves are both formed by Hilbert basic units, the requirements of miniaturization, integration and high antenna gain are met while the FM function of the vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure is realized.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention further provides a vehicle-mounted antenna system, which includes the vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure described in the above embodiment, and may further include other antenna structures, such as a GPS antenna, a WiFi antenna, a bluetooth antenna, and the like, which are not limited in this embodiment, and are uniformly integrated inside the shark fin housing to form a high-gain vehicle-mounted antenna system.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, the embodiments are all described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other.
It is further noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in an article or device that comprises the element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. An on-vehicle FM antenna structure, comprising:
an upright layer and a top loading layer;
the upright layer comprises a first dielectric plate, a first metal curve and a second metal curve, and the first dielectric plate comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged; the first metal curve is positioned on the first surface, and the second metal curve is positioned on the second surface; the first metal curve comprises a first connecting section and a plurality of first Hilbert basic units, the first connecting section is located at the top of the upright layer and electrically connected with one of the first Hilbert basic units, and the first Hilbert basic units are electrically connected end to end; the second metal curve comprises a second connecting section and a third connecting section, one end of the second connecting section is electrically connected with one end, far away from the first connecting section, of the plurality of electrically connected first Hilbert basic units, and the other end of the second connecting section is electrically connected with the top loading layer; one end of the third connecting section is used as a feeding point of the vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure, and the other end of the third connecting section is electrically connected with the top loading layer;
the top loading layer comprises a second dielectric plate and a third metal curve, and the second dielectric plate comprises a third surface and a fourth surface which are oppositely arranged; the third metal curve comprises a plurality of second Hilbert basic units, the second Hilbert basic units are electrically connected end to form two free ends, and the two free ends are respectively electrically connected with the second connecting section and the third connecting section;
the second dielectric plate is a flexible dielectric plate, covers the top of the upright layer and is folded along the top edge contour of the upright layer; the third metal curve is located on the third surface.
2. The vehicular FM antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the FM antenna structure has an operating frequency range of 87.5MHz-108 MHz.
3. The vehicular FM antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the first Hilbert base cell and the second Hilbert base cell are both third-order Hilbert curves.
4. The vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure of claim 3, wherein the number of the first Hilbert base units is 2, the number of the second Hilbert base units is 4, and the peripheral outline of the 4 Hilbert base units is square.
5. The vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure of claim 3, wherein the line width of the Hilbert curve is 0.5mm, and the spacing between adjacent wires is 2.5 mm.
6. The vehicular FM antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the third surface is a surface facing away from the standing layer to avoid shorting the top loading layer metal and the standing layer metal together.
7. The vehicular FM antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the second dielectric board is a Rogers5880 flexible substrate, an F4B flexible substrate, or an FPC flexible circuit board.
8. The vehicular FM antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the second dielectric plate has a thickness of 0.2 mm.
9. The vehicular FM antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the top loading layer is folded in half relative to a top edge profile of the standing layer.
10. A vehicle antenna system comprising a vehicle FM antenna arrangement according to any of claims 1-9.
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| CN201910647076.6A CN110401017B (en) | 2019-07-17 | 2019-07-17 | Vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure and vehicle-mounted antenna system |
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| CN201910647076.6A CN110401017B (en) | 2019-07-17 | 2019-07-17 | Vehicle-mounted FM antenna structure and vehicle-mounted antenna system |
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| IT202100021305A1 (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2023-02-05 | Mantid S R L | INDUCTOR BASED ON HILBERT CURVES |
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| CN101116224A (en) * | 2004-12-09 | 2008-01-30 | 先进汽车天线（A3）公司 | Miniature antenna for a motor vehicle |
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