CN110400951A - A kind of hydrogen fuel cell system - Google Patents

A kind of hydrogen fuel cell system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110400951A
CN110400951A CN201910776074.7A CN201910776074A CN110400951A CN 110400951 A CN110400951 A CN 110400951A CN 201910776074 A CN201910776074 A CN 201910776074A CN 110400951 A CN110400951 A CN 110400951A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
hydrogen fuel
hydrogen
turbine
cell system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201910776074.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
马超
卢康博
陈化
白书战
王航
李文娇
李永泰
王焱
孙金辉
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Dalian Yilesi Turbocharged Technology Co Ltd
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Dalian Yilesi Turbocharged Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201910776074.7A priority Critical patent/CN110400951A/en
Publication of CN110400951A publication Critical patent/CN110400951A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126Humidifying
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04776Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of hydrogen fuel cell systems to be additionally provided with the second turbine to operate in the case where high pressure hydrogen drives including hydrogen fuel cell and the high-pressure hydrogen storing tank being connected with the negative gas import of hydrogen fuel cell between high-pressure hydrogen storing tank and hydrogen fuel cell.Second turbine is equipped between high-pressure hydrogen storing tank and hydrogen fuel cell, high pressure hydrogen can push second turbine to rotate.One side second turbine can reduce Hydrogen Vapor Pressure, and the hydrogen by decompression can be passed directly into hydrogen fuel cell;Another aspect second turbine operates under the promotion of hydrogen, and second turbine can be used as the outside output kinetic energy of dynamical element, is utilized the energy of high pressure hydrogen, to achieve the purpose that improve hydrogen fuel cell system efficiency.

Description

A kind of hydrogen fuel cell system
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of new energy technologies, in particular to a kind of hydrogen fuel cell system.
Background technique
Fuel cell is the device for converting chemical energy in fuel to electric energy, and fuel cell is not limited by Carnot cycle, energy Transformation efficiency is measured up to 50%~80%.And the fuel source of battery is extensive, product clean and environmental protection, is that one kind can combine The advanced technology of energy and environmental problem.As countries in the world are to pollution-free buses using natural gas fuel, pure electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, fuel electricity The increasingly deep people of the research of pond vehicle etc., fuel cell very likely replace regular fuel and become the main next of future automobile power Source is best one of the alternate power source of automobile.
In a fuel cell, hydrogen fuel cell has many advantages, such as pollution-free product, high conversion efficiency, runs smoothly.However, Existing hydrogen fuel cell still has the problem of low efficiency, energy cannot be fully utilized, this also becomes hydrogen fuel cell can not One of widely applied bottleneck.
Therefore, how to improve the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cell is those skilled in the art's technical problem urgently to be solved.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of hydrogen fuel cell systems, are arranged between high-pressure hydrogen storing tank and hydrogen fuel cell Second turbine, using the energy of high pressure hydrogen, and then improves the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cell system.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of hydrogen fuel cell system, including hydrogen fuel cell and with the hydrogen The connected high-pressure hydrogen storing tank of the negative gas import of fuel cell, is additionally provided between the high-pressure hydrogen storing tank and the hydrogen fuel cell To the second turbine operated in the case where high pressure hydrogen drives.
Preferably, the positive gas import of the hydrogen fuel cell is connected with air compressor, the air compressor and institute It is coaxially connected to state second turbine.
It preferably, further include first turbine, the first turbine is connected with the waste gas outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell, And it is operated under the driving of exhaust gas.
Preferably, the air compressor and the first turbine are coaxially connected.
Preferably, the second turbine is connected with generator.
Preferably, the driving motor of the air compressor is connected with the output end of the hydrogen fuel cell.
Preferably, the air compressor is dry type compressor, is set between the dry type compressor and the hydrogen fuel cell There is humidifier.
Preferably, the liquid outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell is connected with water tank, and the exhaust outlet of the water tank is done with described The air inlet of formula compressor is connected.
In the prior art, hydrogen fuel cell is connected with high-pressure hydrogen storing tank.Since Hydrogen Vapor Pressure is higher, hydrogen cannot directly enter It is reacted in fuel cell, thus needs that pressure reducing valve is arranged between hydrogen fuel cell and high-pressure hydrogen storing tank.Pass through pressure reducing valve Reducing Hydrogen Vapor Pressure will lead to the waste of hydrogen storage energy, reduce the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cell system.
Hydrogen fuel cell system provided by the present invention, including hydrogen fuel cell and with the negative gas of hydrogen fuel cell into Mouthful connected high-pressure hydrogen storing tank, be additionally provided between high-pressure hydrogen storing tank and hydrogen fuel cell to operated in the case where high pressure hydrogen drives two Stage turbine.
Second turbine is equipped between high-pressure hydrogen storing tank and hydrogen fuel cell, high pressure hydrogen can push second turbine to turn It is dynamic.On the one hand Hydrogen Vapor Pressure can be reduced using second turbine, the hydrogen by decompression can be passed directly into hydrogen fuel cell; Another aspect second turbine operates under the promotion of hydrogen, and second turbine can be used as the outside output kinetic energy of dynamical element, It is utilized the energy of high pressure hydrogen, to achieve the purpose that improve hydrogen fuel cell system efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this The embodiment of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of hydrogen fuel cell system provided by the present invention.
Wherein, the appended drawing reference in Fig. 1 are as follows:
Hydrogen fuel cell 1, water-separator 2, water tank 3, air compressor 4, driving motor 5, first turbine 6, two Stage turbine 7, air filter 8, high-pressure hydrogen storing tank 9.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make those skilled in the art more fully understand the present invention program, with reference to the accompanying drawing and it is embodied The present invention is described in further detail for mode.
Referring to FIG. 1, Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of hydrogen fuel cell system provided by the present invention.
Hydrogen fuel cell system provided by the present invention includes hydrogen fuel cell 1, high-pressure hydrogen storing tank 9 and air compressor 4. As shown in Figure 1, high-pressure hydrogen storing tank 9 is connected with the negative gas import of hydrogen fuel cell 1, air compressor 4 and hydrogen fuel cell 1 Positive gas import be connected, oxygen in hydrogen and air reacts life in hydrogen fuel cell 1 by hydroxide ion Cheng Shui, electronics transmit to form electric current by conducting wire in positive and negative interpolar.
Hydrogen Vapor Pressure is usually higher in high-pressure hydrogen storing tank 9, thus is arranged two between high-pressure hydrogen storing tank 9 and hydrogen fuel cell 1 Stage turbine 7.Second turbine 7 can rotate under the promotion of hydrogen, and then externally do work, and make can measure in high pressure hydrogen To utilization.Second turbine 7 can be specially axial flow turbo-machine, radial-flow turbine or combined flow turbine, turbine diameter It is chosen as 20~120mm.The type selecting of second turbine 7 can refer to the prior art, and details are not described herein.
Variable geometry turbine can be selected in second turbine 7, and fixed geometry turbine also can be selected, certainly preferably variable-geometry Turbine.The import of second turbine 7 is connected by the first gas-guide tube with the outlet of high-pressure hydrogen storing tank 9, the outlet of second turbine 7 It is connected by the second gas-guide tube with the negative gas import of hydrogen fuel cell 1, is equipped in the first gas-guide tube and the second gas-guide tube Switch valve.In addition, further including the turbine cross-line for being connected to the first gas-guide tube and the second gas-guide tube, turbine in hydrogen fuel cell system Machine cross-line is equipped with pressure reducing valve and opening valve.When second turbine 7 damages, opening valve can be opened, hydrogen can be along turbine Cross-line flows into hydrogen fuel cell 1, and pressure reducing valve can reduce Hydrogen Vapor Pressure, guarantees hydrogen fuel cell system in second turbine 7 It can also be operated normally when being damaged.
In a kind of specific embodiment of the application, second turbine 7 is connected with generator, and second turbine 7 drives hair Motor rotation, and then utilize the energy production electric energy of high pressure hydrogen.Certainly, second turbine 7 can also drive water pump etc. other are negative Equipment operation is carried, it is not limited here.
In the present embodiment, hydrogen fuel cell system is provided with two-stage turbine between high-pressure hydrogen storing tank 9 and hydrogen fuel cell 1 Machine 7 drives second turbine 7 to rotate by high pressure hydrogen, then drives the operating of other load equipments by second turbine 7, reduces The external world is energy provided by equipment operation, reduces the energy of hydrogen fuel cell system entirety required input, realizes to height The utilization of hydrogen is pressed, and then improves the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cell system.
Since hydrogen fuel cell system is that hydrogen fuel cell 1 provides oxygen by air compressor 4, hydrogen fuel cell 1 Power generation process consumes the oxygen in air, and the gases such as nitrogen in air are as exhaust gas by the waste gas outlet of hydrogen fuel cell 1 Discharge.Due to exhaust gas pressure still with higher, thus, hydrogen fuel cell system further includes first turbine 6, first turbine 6 are connected with the waste gas outlet of hydrogen fuel cell 1 and operate under the driving of exhaust gas.First turbine 6 can be to the energy in exhaust gas Amount is utilized, and the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cell system is further increased.
Optionally, air compressor 4 is driven by driving motor 5, and 5 circuit of driving motor can be with the electric power of hydrogen fuel cell 1 Output end is connected by cable, and hydrogen fuel cell 1 is directly powered for driving motor 5, thus hydrogen fuel cell system is not necessarily to The power supply of external continued power simplifies the structure of hydrogen fuel cell system.
In addition, the oxygen pressure in hydrogen fuel cell 1 is directly related with the performance of hydrogen fuel cell system, oxygen point is improved Pressure can increase the energy density of hydrogen fuel cell system, and energy density is higher, with hydrogen fuel cell system under power volume just It is smaller, convenient for hydrogen fuel cell system is arranged in the equipment such as automobile.And the output work of oxygen partial pressure and driving motor 5 is blunt Correlation is connect, driving motor 5 operates the output power that can consume hydrogen fuel cell system, and hydrogen fuel cell system efficiency is caused to drop It is low.
In a kind of specific embodiment of the application, first turbine 6 and driving motor 5 are coaxially connected, first turbine 6 Rotation can be by power output to air compressor 4, and then reduces the energy consumption of driving motor 5.
Further, second turbine 7 can also be coaxially connected with driving motor 5, as shown in Figure 1, first turbine 6, two Stage turbine 7 and driving motor 5 are coaxially connected, to all be used for the energy of high pressure hydrogen and exhaust gas to drive air compressor 4, the power consumption of driving motor 5 is reduced, the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cell system is improved.Certainly, 6 driving motor 5 of first turbine Between and 7 driving motor 5 of second turbine between settable speed adjusting gear, guarantee first turbine 6 and second turbine 7 It is rotated with enough revolving speed energy band engine-driven air compressors 4, rather than consumes the power of driving motor 5.The type selecting of speed adjusting gear It can refer to the prior art with set-up mode.
In the present embodiment, first turbine 6 and second turbine 7 can be connected with driving motor 5, the mistake of rotating turbine Band engine-driven air compressor 4 rotates in journey, the power consumption of driving motor 5 is reduced, to further increase hydrogen fuel cell system The efficiency of system.
Optionally, to avoid the dust and other impurities in air from impacting air compressor 4,4 entrance of air compressor Equipped with air filter 8.Air is after overcompression, and vapor can liquefy, thus the outlet of air compressor 4 is connected with moisture Separator 2, the dry air after moisture is separated enter hydrogen fuel cell 1 by positive gas import.
Hydrogen fuel cell system further includes water tank 3, and the product that hydrogen fuel cell 1 reacts is water, water tank 3 and hydrogen fuel The liquid outlet of battery 1 is connected, and the water for reacting generation is flowed into water tank 3 by liquid outlet.Certainly, the height of water tank 3 can Lower than hydrogen fuel cell 1, the water for reacting generation is flowed under gravity in water tank 3.Certainly, water-separator 2 go out Mouth can also be connected with water tank 3, flow into water tank 3 by isolated moisture, realize recycling for moisture.
Optionally, air compressor 4 is dry type compressor, can be improved by humidifier in the dry type compressor course of work empty Air humidity degree, the water droplet that humidifier generates can absorb the heat of air compression process generation, and then guarantee working medium in dry type compressor Temperature is constant.Certainly, humidifier is also provided in the application in the computer room of dry type compressor.It is done specifically, humidifier is located at The air inlet of formula compressor, water droplet can enter together in dry type compressor with air, be reached for the purpose of working medium cooling.
Optionally, the exhaust outlet of water tank 3 is connected with the air inlet of dry type compressor, and humidifier is located at water tank 3 and does Between formula compressor, and the water in water tank 3 is broken into the air inlet that dry type compressor is inputted after droplet.
In the present embodiment, the outlet of the liquid outlet and water-separator 2 of hydrogen fuel cell 1 is connected with water tank 3, Water tank 3 is collected the water in power generation process.The humidifier of dry type compressor is connected with water tank 3 simultaneously, utilizes water storage Water in tank 3 reduces the object of hydrogen fuel cell system to realize recycling for water to dry type compressor conveying moisture Material consumption.
It should be noted that in the present specification, such as first and second etc relational terms are used merely to one Entity is distinguished with other several entities, and without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities, there are any this actual Relationship or sequence.
Hydrogen fuel cell system provided by the present invention is described in detail above.Specific case used herein Principle and implementation of the present invention are described, the above embodiments are only used to help understand side of the invention Method and its core concept.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, not departing from the principle of the invention Under the premise of, it can be with several improvements and modifications are made to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall into the claims in the present invention In protection scope.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of hydrogen fuel cell system, which is characterized in that including hydrogen fuel cell (1) and with the hydrogen fuel cell (1) The connected high-pressure hydrogen storing tank (9) of negative gas import, is additionally provided between the high-pressure hydrogen storing tank (9) and the hydrogen fuel cell (1) To the second turbine (7) operated in the case where high pressure hydrogen drives.
2. hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the positive gas of the hydrogen fuel cell (1) Body import is connected with air compressor (4), and the air compressor (4) and the second turbine (7) are coaxially connected.
3. hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that it further include first turbine (6), described one Stage turbine (6) is connected with the waste gas outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell (1) and operates under the driving of exhaust gas.
4. hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the air compressor (4) and described one Stage turbine (6) is coaxially connected.
5. hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the second turbine (7) is connected with power generation Machine.
6. according to hydrogen fuel cell system described in claim 2 to 5 any one, which is characterized in that the air compressor (4) driving motor (5) is electrically connected with the output end of the hydrogen fuel cell (1).
7. according to hydrogen fuel cell system described in claim 2 to 5 any one, which is characterized in that the air compressor (4) it is dry type compressor, humidifier is equipped between the dry type compressor and the hydrogen fuel cell (1).
8. hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the liquid discharge of the hydrogen fuel cell (1) Mouth is connected with water tank (3), and the exhaust outlet of the water tank (3) is connected with the air inlet of the dry type compressor.
CN201910776074.7A 2019-08-21 2019-08-21 A kind of hydrogen fuel cell system Pending CN110400951A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112212033A (en) * 2020-09-07 2021-01-12 东风汽车集团有限公司 Four-way valve and control method thereof
CN114738665A (en) * 2022-04-24 2022-07-12 自贡东方通用压缩机有限公司 Vehicle hydrogen filling system and filling method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5811201A (en) * 1996-08-16 1998-09-22 Southern California Edison Company Power generation system utilizing turbine and fuel cell
JP2006147246A (en) * 2004-11-17 2006-06-08 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Fuel cell system
CN109921061A (en) * 2019-03-27 2019-06-21 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 A kind of fuel cell air supply system and air supply method
CN110148767A (en) * 2019-06-18 2019-08-20 势加透博(北京)科技有限公司 A kind of two-stage h2 fuel cell stack feeder being driven by motor
CN210429978U (en) * 2019-08-21 2020-04-28 大连依勒斯涡轮增压技术有限公司 Hydrogen fuel cell system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5811201A (en) * 1996-08-16 1998-09-22 Southern California Edison Company Power generation system utilizing turbine and fuel cell
JP2006147246A (en) * 2004-11-17 2006-06-08 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Fuel cell system
CN109921061A (en) * 2019-03-27 2019-06-21 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 A kind of fuel cell air supply system and air supply method
CN110148767A (en) * 2019-06-18 2019-08-20 势加透博(北京)科技有限公司 A kind of two-stage h2 fuel cell stack feeder being driven by motor
CN210429978U (en) * 2019-08-21 2020-04-28 大连依勒斯涡轮增压技术有限公司 Hydrogen fuel cell system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112212033A (en) * 2020-09-07 2021-01-12 东风汽车集团有限公司 Four-way valve and control method thereof
CN114738665A (en) * 2022-04-24 2022-07-12 自贡东方通用压缩机有限公司 Vehicle hydrogen filling system and filling method

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