CN110396618B

CN110396618B - Efficient casting method for copper and copper alloy

Info

Publication number: CN110396618B
Application number: CN201910684929.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 不公告发明人
Original assignee: Jiangxi Shengkai Copper Co ltd
Current assignee: Jiangxi Shengkai Copper Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2019-07-26
Filing date: 2019-07-26
Publication date: 2021-10-26
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-26
Also published as: CN110396618A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of casting, in particular to a high-efficiency casting method for copper and copper alloy, wherein smelting equipment used in the method comprises a shell, an auxiliary structure, a feeding structure, a smoke exhaust structure, an air inlet structure, a smelting furnace body, a partition structure and a heat insulation layer, wherein the shell for providing protection and heat insulation is internally connected with the smelting furnace body for melting copper and copper alloy; the flue gas that produces through the burning of the coal fuel of exhaust fume structure in with the combustion chamber is abundant discharged fast, make the abundant fast combustion of coal fuel, make and cut off the abundant fast heat absorption of structure, improve the melting efficiency to the copper of smelting chamber inside, exhaust fume structure and air intake structure cooperation simultaneously, inside oxygen admission capacity of combustion chamber is reduced to the in-process of discharging fume, make oxygen abundant and coal fuel contact, coal fuel abundant burning when making oxygen consumed fast, improve the utilization ratio of coal, reduce and follow the flue gas and be discharged oxygen volume together, make the flue gas abundant by fast discharge when avoiding oxygen extravagant.

Description

Efficient casting method for copper and copper alloy

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of casting, in particular to a high-efficiency casting method for copper and copper alloy.

Background

The copper alloy is formed by adding one or more other elements into pure copper serving as a matrix, the pure copper is purple red, also called as red copper, has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, ductility and corrosion resistance, is mainly used for manufacturing electrical equipment such as a generator, a bus, a cable, a switching device, a transformer and the like, heat-conducting equipment such as a heat exchanger, a pipeline, a flat plate collector of a solar heating device and the like, the commonly used copper alloy is divided into brass, bronze and white copper 3, and the copper and copper alloy casting is to directly cast a product after the copper and copper alloy raw materials are melted at high temperature.

Traditional copper and copper alloy are when the founding, add the coal in the smelting furnace inside and do the raw materials and burn and make copper and copper alloy through high temperature melting, when adding the heavy coal in the smelting furnace inside, then need add a large amount of oxygen in the smelting furnace and supply the coal burning, easily have oxygen to discharge together when nevertheless not burning discharge the flue gas, reduce the combustion efficiency of coal when causing the oxygen to be extravagant.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-efficiency fusion casting method for copper and copper alloy, wherein smoke generated by combustion of coal fuel in a combustion chamber is fully and quickly discharged through a smoke discharging structure, so that the coal fuel is fully and quickly combusted, a partition structure is fully and quickly used for absorbing heat, the melting efficiency of copper and copper alloy in the smelting chamber is improved, and meanwhile, the smoke discharging structure is matched with an air inlet structure for use, so that the oxygen inlet amount in the combustion chamber is reduced in the smoke discharging process of the smoke discharging structure, a small amount of oxygen is fully contacted with the coal fuel, the coal fuel is fully combusted while the oxygen is rapidly consumed, the utilization rate of the coal fuel is improved, the oxygen amount discharged along with the smoke is reduced, and the smoke is fully and quickly discharged while the oxygen waste is avoided; according to the efficient casting method for copper and copper alloy, oxygen is firstly enabled to quickly and fully contact unburned coal fuel through the air inlet structure, the coal fuel is enabled to be ignited and quickly combusted, after the smoke enters the fixed pipe and is blocked by the fixed block, the sealing block is pushed by the elastic force of the second spring, the sealing block is enabled to extrude the smoke in the fixed pipe, the smoke is enabled to extrude the fixed block, the fixed block is further enabled to be abutted and fixed with the exhaust pipe, and the smoke is enabled to be better discharged from the exhaust hole.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for efficiently casting copper and copper alloy comprises the following steps:

s1: conveying copper and copper alloy raw materials into smelting equipment through conveying equipment, and then starting the smelting equipment to smelt the raw materials;

s2: after the copper and copper alloy raw materials in the S1 are input, immediately adding coal fuel into the combustion chamber to combust the coal, externally connecting oxygen to the air inlet pipe, introducing the oxygen into the combustion chamber inside the smelting furnace body, enabling the coal fuel to be contacted with a large amount of oxygen to be combusted to generate high temperature, and enabling the copper and copper alloy raw materials in the combustion chamber to be molten, and then enabling the copper and copper alloy solution to flow into the liquid outlet pipe through the inclined partition block;

s3: collecting the copper and copper alloy solution discharged from S2, immediately transporting the collected solution to a casting device, and introducing the copper and copper alloy solution into the casting device, thereby casting a required blank;

s4: sending the blank cast in the step S3 into a grinding chamber for grinding, sending the blank into a storehouse for storage after grinding, and waiting for processing into required parts;

wherein the smelting equipment in S1 comprises a shell, an auxiliary structure, a feeding structure, a smoke discharging structure, an air inlet structure, a smelting furnace body, a partition structure and a heat insulation layer, the interior of the shell for providing protection and heat preservation is connected with the smelting furnace body for melting copper and copper alloy, the heat-insulating layer for heat insulation and heat preservation is connected between the shell and the smelting furnace body, the shell is connected with the feeding structure for adding copper and copper alloy raw materials into the smelting furnace body, the shell is connected with the auxiliary structure for feeding and discharging slag of the smelting furnace body, the smelting furnace body is connected with the partition structure for separation, the shell is connected with the smoke exhaust structure used for discharging smoke of the smelting furnace body, and the shell is connected with the air inlet structure used for feeding air into the smelting furnace body.

Specifically, the feeding structure includes fixed lid, fixed stopper and handle, the casing top is fixed with fixed lid, fixed lid communicate in the smelting furnace body, the smelting furnace body is fixed in the casing, fixed lid threaded connection has the fixed stopper, the fixed stopper is fixed with the handle.

Specifically, the partition structure comprises a partition block, a smelting chamber and a combustion chamber, the smelting chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged in the smelting furnace body, the combustion chamber is communicated with the fixed cover, the heat insulation layer is clamped between the smelting furnace body and the shell, the partition block with a wave-shaped bottom end is fixed in the smelting furnace body, the partition block is located between the smelting chamber and the combustion chamber, and the top end of the partition block and the inner side wall of the smelting furnace body form an included angle of 83 degrees.

Specifically, the auxiliary structure includes drain pipe, feed valve and bleeder valve, the casing is fixed with the drain pipe that is L shape structure, the drain pipe communicate in the smelting chamber inside the smelting furnace body, the drain pipe is kept away from the internal diameter of smelting furnace body reduces gradually, feed valve threaded connection in the casing, the feed valve extends to inside the smelting furnace body, feed valve threaded connection in the smelting furnace body, bleeder valve threaded connection in the casing with the smelting furnace body.

Specifically, smoke exhaust structure includes fixed pipe, blast pipe, first spring, fixed block, through-hole and exhaust hole, the casing is fixed with the blast pipe, the blast pipe communicate in the smelting furnace body is inside the combustion chamber, the inside sliding connection of blast pipe has the cross-section to be the L shape structure the fixed block, the fixed block is equipped with the through-hole, the fixed block with be fixed with between the blast pipe inside wall first spring, the blast pipe is seted up the exhaust hole, the blast pipe bottom mounting has fixed pipe, fixed pipe communicate in the blast pipe, the length of fixed block bottom is greater than the diameter of fixed pipe, the exhaust hole with minimum vertical distance between the fixed block is greater than the length of fixed block bottom.

Specifically, the air inlet structure comprises a fixed sleeve, an air inlet pipe, a sealing block, a second spring, a limiting block, a fixed plate and a fixed rod, the fixed sleeve is fixed on the shell, the fixed sleeve is communicated with the combustion chamber in the smelting furnace body, the air inlet pipe is fixed in the fixed sleeve and is communicated with the combustion chamber, the air inlet pipe is communicated with the fixed pipe, the fixed plate is fixed in the fixed pipe, the sealing block is slidably connected with the fixed pipe, the fixed rod is fixed on the sealing block and is slidably connected with the fixed plate, the length of the fixed rod is the same as the inner diameter of the air inlet pipe, the limiting block is fixed at the bottom end of the fixed rod and is slidably connected with the fixed pipe, the second spring is fixed between the fixed plate and the sealing block, the fixing rod penetrates through the inside of the second spring, and the elastic force of the second spring is smaller than that of the first spring.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) according to the efficient casting method for copper and copper alloy, flue gas generated by combustion of coal fuel in a combustion chamber is sufficiently and quickly discharged through a smoke discharge structure, so that the coal fuel is sufficiently and quickly combusted, a partition structure is sufficiently and quickly made to absorb heat, the melting efficiency of copper and copper alloy in the smelting chamber is improved, meanwhile, the smoke discharge structure is matched with an air inlet structure for use, the oxygen inlet amount in the combustion chamber is reduced in the smoke discharge process of the smoke discharge structure, a small amount of oxygen is sufficiently contacted with the coal fuel, the coal fuel is sufficiently combusted while the oxygen is rapidly consumed, the utilization rate of the coal fuel is improved, the amount of oxygen discharged along with the flue gas is reduced, and the flue gas is sufficiently and quickly discharged while oxygen waste is avoided.

(2) According to the efficient casting method for copper and copper alloy, oxygen is firstly enabled to quickly and fully contact unburned coal fuel through the air inlet structure, the coal fuel is enabled to be ignited and quickly combusted, after the smoke enters the fixed pipe and is blocked by the fixed block, the sealing block is pushed by the elastic force of the second spring, the sealing block is enabled to extrude the smoke in the fixed pipe, the smoke is enabled to extrude the fixed block, the fixed block is further enabled to be abutted and fixed with the exhaust pipe, and the smoke is enabled to be better discharged from the exhaust hole.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the overall structure of a preferred embodiment of the smelting plant used in the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a connection structure of the casing, the furnace body and the gas inlet structure shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the part A shown in FIG. 3;

fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a connection structure of the casing and the furnace body shown in fig. 2.

In the figure: 1. the device comprises a shell, 2, an auxiliary structure, 21, a liquid outlet pipe, 22, a feeding valve, 23, a discharging valve, 3, a feeding structure, 31, a fixed cover, 32, a fixed plug, 33, a handle, 4, a smoke exhaust structure, 41, a fixed pipe, 42, an exhaust pipe, 43, a first spring, 44, a fixed block, 45, a through hole, 46, an exhaust hole, 5, an air inlet structure, 51, a fixed sleeve, 52, an air inlet pipe, 53, a sealing block, 54, a second spring, 55, a limiting block, 56, a fixed plate, 57, a fixed rod, 6, a smelting furnace body, 7, a partition structure, 71, a partition block, 72, a smelting chamber, 73, a combustion chamber, 8 and a heat insulation layer.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1-5, the method for efficiently casting copper and copper alloy according to the present invention comprises the following steps:

wherein the smelting equipment in S1 comprises a shell 1, an auxiliary structure 2, a feeding structure 3, a smoke exhaust structure 4, an air inlet structure 5, a smelting furnace body 6, a partition structure 7 and a heat-insulating layer 8, the interior of the casing 1 for protection and insulation is connected with the smelting furnace body 6 for melting copper and copper alloy, the heat-insulating layer 8 for heat insulation and heat preservation is connected between the shell 1 and the smelting furnace body 6, the shell 1 is connected with the feeding structure 3 for adding copper and copper alloy raw materials into the smelting furnace body 6, the shell 1 is connected with the auxiliary structure 2 for feeding and discharging slag of the smelting furnace body 6, the smelting furnace body 6 is connected with the partition structure 7 for partitioning, the shell 1 is connected with the smoke exhaust structure 4 for exhausting smoke from the smelting furnace body 6, and the shell 1 is connected with the gas inlet structure 5 for introducing gas into the smelting furnace body 6.

Specifically, the feeding structure 3 includes a fixing cover 31, a fixing plug 32 and a handle 33, the fixing cover 31 is fixed to the top end of the casing 1, the fixing cover 31 is communicated with the smelting furnace body 6, the smelting furnace body 6 is fixed to the casing 1, the fixing plug 32 is connected to the fixing cover 31 in a threaded manner, and the handle 33 is fixed to the fixing plug 32; in order to disengage the fixing plug 32 from the fixing cover 31 by turning the handle 33, it is convenient to place copper and copper alloy raw materials into the smelting chamber 72 inside the smelting furnace body 6.

Specifically, the partition structure 7 comprises a partition block 71, a smelting chamber 72 and a combustion chamber 73, the smelting chamber 72 and the combustion chamber 73 are arranged in the smelting furnace body 6, the combustion chamber 73 is communicated with the fixed cover 31, the heat insulation layer 8 is clamped between the smelting furnace body 6 and the casing 1, the partition block 71 with a wave-shaped bottom end is fixed in the smelting furnace body 6, the partition block 71 is located between the smelting chamber 72 and the combustion chamber 73, and an included angle of '87 degrees' is formed between the top end of the partition block 71 and the inner side wall of the smelting furnace body 6; in order to divide the smelting furnace body 6 into the smelting chamber 72 and the combustion chamber 73 through the partition block 71, coal fuel is added into the combustion chamber 73 for combustion, the smelting chamber 72 is heated to melt copper and copper alloy, the partition block 71 with the wave-shaped bottom end is convenient for the smelting chamber 72 to quickly absorb a large amount of heat for heating, the heat preservation of the interior of the smelting furnace body 6 is carried out through the heat preservation layer 8, and the combustion efficiency of the coal fuel is improved.

Specifically, the auxiliary structure 2 includes a liquid outlet pipe 21, a feed valve 22 and a discharge valve 23, the liquid outlet pipe 21 in an L-shaped structure is fixed to the casing 1, the liquid outlet pipe 21 is communicated with the smelting chamber 72 inside the smelting furnace body 6, the inner diameter of the liquid outlet pipe 21 away from the smelting furnace body 6 is gradually reduced, the feed valve 22 is in threaded connection with the casing 1, the feed valve 22 extends to the inside of the smelting furnace body 6, the feed valve 22 is in threaded connection with the smelting furnace body 6, and the discharge valve 23 is in threaded connection with the casing 1 and the smelting furnace body 6; in order to make the molten solution of copper and copper alloy in the smelting chamber 72 flow out of the liquid outlet pipe 21 to be collected and cast, coal fuel is conveniently added into the combustion chamber 73 through the feed valve 22, and coal slag in the combustion chamber is conveniently cleaned through the discharge valve 23.

Specifically, the smoke exhausting structure 4 comprises a fixed pipe 41, an exhaust pipe 42, a first spring 43, a fixed block 44, a through hole 45 and an exhaust hole 46, the exhaust duct 42 is fixed to the casing 1, the exhaust duct 42 communicates with the combustion chamber 73 inside the furnace body 6, the exhaust pipe 42 is connected with the fixing block 44 with an L-shaped cross section in a sliding manner, the fixing block 44 is provided with the through hole 45, the first spring 43 is fixed between the fixing block 44 and the inner sidewall of the exhaust pipe 42, the exhaust pipe 42 is provided with the exhaust hole 46, the fixed pipe 41 is fixed at the bottom end of the exhaust pipe 42, the fixed pipe 41 is communicated with the exhaust pipe 42, the length of the bottom end of the fixed block 44 is larger than the diameter of the fixed pipe 41, the minimum vertical distance between the air vent 46 and the fixed block 44 is greater than the length of the bottom end of the fixed block 44; in order to discharge the flue gas generated by the combustion of the coal fuel in the combustion chamber through the exhaust holes 46 of the exhaust pipe 42, the fixed block 44 is sealed with the exhaust pipe 42, so that the flue gas can push the fixed block 44.

Specifically, the gas inlet structure 5 includes a fixing sleeve 51, a gas inlet pipe 52, a sealing block 53, a second spring 54, a limiting block 55, a fixing plate 56 and a fixing rod 57, the fixing sleeve 51 is fixed to the casing 1, the fixing sleeve 51 is communicated with the combustion chamber 73 inside the smelting furnace body 6, the gas inlet pipe 52 is fixed to the fixing sleeve 51, the gas inlet pipe 52 is communicated with the combustion chamber 73, the gas inlet pipe 52 is communicated with the fixing pipe 41, the fixing plate 56 is fixed to the fixing pipe 41, the sealing block 53 is slidably connected to the fixing pipe 41, the fixing rod 57 is fixed to the sealing block 53, the fixing rod 57 is slidably connected to the fixing plate 56, the length of the fixing rod 57 is the same as the inner diameter of the gas inlet pipe 52, the limiting block 55 is fixed to the bottom end of the fixing rod 57, and the limiting block 55 is slidably connected to the fixing pipe 41, the second spring 54 is fixed between the fixing plate 56 and the sealing block 53, the fixing rod 57 penetrates through the second spring 54, and the elastic force of the second spring 54 is smaller than that of the first spring 43; the air inlet pipe 62 is a one-way air inlet pipe, oxygen is introduced into the combustion chamber 73 through the air inlet pipe 52 and contacts with coal fuel, so that coal is combusted, the limited block 55 enters the air inlet pipe 52 in the sliding process inside the fixed pipe 41 to adjust the amount and speed of oxygen entering the combustion chamber 73, waste of oxygen is avoided, and the sealing block 53 and the fixed pipe 41 are sealed, so that smoke can push the sealing block 53.

When in use, firstly coal fuel is added into the combustion chamber 73 to combust the coal, copper and copper alloy raw materials are put into the smelting chamber 72, the air inlet pipe 52 is externally connected with oxygen, the oxygen is guided into the combustion chamber 73 in the smelting furnace body 6 to ensure that the coal fuel contacts a large amount of oxygen to be combusted to generate high temperature, after the copper and copper alloy raw materials in the combustion chamber are melted, copper and copper alloy solution flows into the liquid outlet pipe 21 through the inclined partition block 71 to be collected and cast into a product, the coal fuel generates flue gas in the combustion process in the combustion chamber 73, when the flue gas is saturated in the combustion chamber 73, the flue gas starts to enter the exhaust pipe 42 to push the fixed block 44 to ensure that the first spring 43 contracts to generate elasticity, so that the fixed block 44 slides in the direction away from the smelting furnace body 6, the fixed block 44 continuously slides to ensure that the through hole 45 is communicated with the fixed pipe 41, and the flue gas flows into the fixed pipe 41 from the through hole 45, because the elastic force of the first spring 43 is greater than that of the second spring 54, the smoke starts to push the sealing block 53 inside the fixed tube 41, so that the sealing block 53 slides downwards, the fixed rod 57 and the limiting block 55 are driven to slide downwards, the second spring 54 contracts to generate elastic force, the limiting block 55 slides into the air inlet tube 52, the inner aperture of the air inlet tube 52 is reduced, the content and the rate of oxygen entering the combustion chamber 73 are reduced, after the second spring 54 completely contracts, the smoke continues to push the fixed block 44, the through hole 45 is far away from the top end of the fixed tube 41, the bottom end of the fixed block 44 slides to the top end of the fixed tube 41 to block the fixed tube 41, so that the smoke inside the fixed tube 41 cannot be discharged, the first spring 43 completely contracts, the limiting block 55 is fixed inside the air inlet tube, at this time, the exhaust hole 46 on the exhaust pipe 42 starts to communicate with the interior of the combustion chamber 73, so that the smoke inside the combustion chamber 73 pushes the fixed block 44 and is discharged from the exhaust hole 46, the smoke in the fixed pipe 41 extrudes the sealing block 53 and simultaneously extrudes the fixed block 44, so that the fixed block 44 further collides with the exhaust pipe 42, the smoke is better discharged from the exhaust hole 46, in the process of discharging the smoke, the oxygen amount in the air inlet pipe 52 is reduced when entering the combustion chamber 73, the coal fuel is fully combusted after contacting with a small amount of oxygen, the oxygen is rapidly consumed by the coal fuel, thereby the oxygen amount discharged along with the smoke in the exhaust hole 46 is reduced, the smoke is fully and rapidly discharged while avoiding the waste of the oxygen, the smoke in the combustion chamber 73 is rapidly discharged, the combustion of the coal fuel is finished, after the melting of copper and copper alloy is finished, the fixed block 44 is reset to slide towards the smelting furnace body 6 through the elastic force of the first spring 43, some smoke in the exhaust pipe 42 is scraped into the combustion chamber 73, the sealing block 53 is pushed to be reset through the elastic force of the second spring 54, the limiting block 55 is separated from the air inlet pipe 52, the flue gas in the fixed pipe 41 is pushed into the exhaust pipe 42 and then is exhausted from the exhaust hole 46, and the discharge valve 22 is opened, so that the cooled coal cinder in the combustion chamber 73 can be treated.

The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the embodiments and descriptions given above are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently casting copper and copper alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s2: after the copper and copper alloy raw materials in the S1 are input, immediately adding coal fuel into the combustion chamber to combust the coal, externally connecting oxygen to the air inlet pipe, introducing the oxygen into the combustion chamber inside the smelting furnace body, enabling the coal fuel to be contacted with a large amount of oxygen to be combusted to generate high temperature, and enabling the copper and copper alloy raw materials in the combustion chamber to be molten, and then enabling the molten copper and copper alloy to flow into the liquid outlet pipe through the inclined partition block;

s3: collecting the copper and copper alloy molten liquid discharged from S2, immediately transporting the collected liquid to a casting device, and introducing the copper and copper alloy molten liquid into the casting device, thereby casting a required blank;

wherein, the smelting equipment in S1 comprises a shell (1), an auxiliary structure (2), a feeding structure (3), a smoke exhaust structure (4), an air inlet structure (5), a smelting furnace body (6), a partition structure (7) and a heat preservation layer (8), the shell (1) for providing protection and heat preservation is internally connected with the smelting furnace body (6) for melting copper and copper alloy, the heat preservation layer (8) for heat insulation and heat preservation is connected between the shell (1) and the smelting furnace body (6), the shell (1) is connected with the feeding structure (3) for adding copper and copper alloy raw materials into the smelting furnace body (6), the shell (1) is connected with the auxiliary structure (2) for feeding and deslagging of the smelting furnace body (6), and the smelting furnace body (6) is connected with the partition structure (7) for separation, the shell (1) is connected with the smoke discharging structure (4) for discharging smoke from the smelting furnace body (6), and the shell (1) is connected with the gas inlet structure (5) for feeding gas into the smelting furnace body (6);

the feeding structure (3) comprises a fixed cover (31), a fixed plug (32) and a handle (33), the fixed cover (31) is fixed at the top end of the shell (1), the fixed cover (31) is communicated with the smelting furnace body (6), the smelting furnace body (6) is fixed to the shell (1), the fixed plug (32) is in threaded connection with the fixed cover (31), and the handle (33) is fixed to the fixed plug (32);

the smoke exhaust structure (4) comprises a fixed pipe (41), an exhaust pipe (42), a first spring (43), a fixed block (44), a through hole (45) and an exhaust hole (46), the exhaust pipe (42) is fixed on the shell (1), the exhaust pipe (42) is communicated with the combustion chamber (73) inside the smelting furnace body (6), the fixed block (44) with an L-shaped structure in cross section is connected inside the exhaust pipe (42) in a sliding manner, the through hole (45) is formed in the fixed block (44), the first spring (43) is fixed between the fixed block (44) and the inner side wall of the exhaust pipe (42), the exhaust hole (46) is formed in the exhaust pipe (42), the fixed pipe (41) is fixed at the bottom end of the exhaust pipe (42), the fixed pipe (41) is communicated with the exhaust pipe (42), and the length of the bottom end of the fixed block (44) is greater than the diameter of the fixed pipe (41), the minimum vertical distance between the exhaust hole (46) and the fixed block (44) is greater than the length of the bottom end of the fixed block (44);

the gas inlet structure (5) comprises a fixed sleeve (51), a gas inlet pipe (52), a sealing block (53), a second spring (54), a limiting block (55), a fixing plate (56) and a fixing rod (57), the shell (1) is fixed with the fixed sleeve (51), the fixed sleeve (51) is communicated with the combustion chamber (73) inside the smelting furnace body (6), the gas inlet pipe (52) is fixed inside the fixed sleeve (51), the gas inlet pipe (52) is communicated with the combustion chamber (73), the gas inlet pipe (52) is communicated with the fixing pipe (41), the fixing plate (56) is fixed inside the fixing pipe (41), the sealing block (53) is slidably connected with the fixing pipe (41), the fixing rod (57) is fixed on the sealing block (53), and the fixing rod (57) is slidably connected with the fixing plate (56), the length of the fixed rod (57) is the same as the inner diameter of the air inlet pipe (52), the bottom end of the fixed rod (57) is fixed with the limiting block (55), the limiting block (55) is connected to the fixed pipe (41) in a sliding mode, the second spring (54) is fixed between the fixed plate (56) and the sealing block (53), the fixed rod (57) penetrates through the inside of the second spring (54), and the elastic force of the second spring (54) is smaller than that of the first spring (43).

2. The efficient casting method of copper and copper alloys as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the partition structure (7) comprises partition blocks (71), a smelting chamber (72) and a combustion chamber (73), the smelting chamber (72) and the combustion chamber (73) are arranged inside the smelting furnace body (6), the combustion chamber (73) is communicated with the fixed cover (31), the heat insulation layer (8) is clamped between the smelting furnace body (6) and the shell (1), the partition blocks (71) with wavy structures at the bottom ends are fixed inside the smelting furnace body (6), and the partition blocks (71) are located between the smelting chamber (72) and the combustion chamber (73).

3. The method for casting copper and copper alloy with high efficiency as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the auxiliary structure (2) comprises a liquid outlet pipe (21), a feeding valve (22) and a discharging valve (23), the shell (1) is fixed with the liquid outlet pipe (21) which is of an L-shaped structure, the liquid outlet pipe (21) is communicated with the smelting chamber (72) inside the smelting furnace body (6), the inner diameter of the liquid outlet pipe (21) far away from the smelting furnace body (6) is gradually reduced, the feeding valve (22) is in threaded connection with the shell (1), the feeding valve (22) extends to the inside of the smelting furnace body (6), the feeding valve (22) is in threaded connection with the smelting furnace body (6), and the discharging valve (23) is in threaded connection with the shell (1) and the smelting furnace body (6).