CN110396040B - 一种一锅法合成二芳基甲缩酮的方法 - Google Patents

一种一锅法合成二芳基甲缩酮的方法 Download PDF

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CN110396040B
CN110396040B CN201910845875.4A CN201910845875A CN110396040B CN 110396040 B CN110396040 B CN 110396040B CN 201910845875 A CN201910845875 A CN 201910845875A CN 110396040 B CN110396040 B CN 110396040B
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胡林
邹平
左智伟
刘文博
邱小龙
苟少华
魏万国
李小跃
袁希萌
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Jiangsu Huiju Pharmaceutical Co ltd
Southeast University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种一锅法合成二芳基甲缩酮的方法,本发明的目的在于提供一种步骤更短、更有效的合成一类二芳基甲缩酮的方法,为一些较为复杂的二芳基酮的合成提供新的合成策略。选择芳基羧酸和R取代苯化合物,在三氟乙酸酐存在下,以三氟化硼乙醚为催化剂,完成直接酰基化反应,不经处理,加入甲醇和原甲酸三甲酯继续反应即生成二芳基甲缩酮产物,实现了从芳香酸到二芳基甲缩酮的一锅法合成。

Description

一种一锅法合成二芳基甲缩酮的方法
技术领域
本发明属于化合物合成技术领域,具体涉及一锅法合成二芳基甲缩酮的方法。
背景技术
二芳基酮是一类以羰基直接连接两个芳香基团的化合物,具有如下通式:
Figure BDA0002195148240000011
其中,Ar1、Ar2分别代表芳香基团,这类化合物由于含有两个芳香基团,且均与羰基共轭,可作为重要的材料应用在有机电致发光器件上,有分子间不易结晶、不易聚集、良好成膜性的特点,分子中的刚性基团也可以提高材料的热稳定性,具有广泛的应用。在医药领域,二芳基酮可作为重要原料转化为药用化合物,例如多个列净类糖尿病药物的原料就涉及到二芳基酮的合成与使用,代表性的列净类药物达格列净的合成如下:
Figure BDA0002195148240000012
二芳基缩酮作为二芳基酮的羰基保护物,对酸敏感,中性和碱性下很稳定,可以替代二芳基酮参与碱性下的化学反应,使得原本受强拉电子羰基基团影响的反应变得容易进行,也可以避免羰基存在所带来的副反应;在反应结束后经酸处理又很容易去保护产生新的二芳基酮化合物,这为一些结构较复杂的二芳基酮化合物的合成提供了新的策略。例如,对于达格列净中可能存在的二芳基酮杂质,采用此策略可以很容易的合成。
Figure BDA0002195148240000013
也就是说,通过一些简单的二芳基缩酮化合物,经历碱性或中性下的反应,再酸性条件去缩酮保护,可以转化为结构较为复杂的二芳酮,应用于材料、医药等领域。
Figure BDA0002195148240000021
对于二芳基甲缩酮的合成,通常分为三步进行,先由羧酸合成酰氯,然后经傅克酰基化反应合成二芳基酮化合物,最后在无机酸催化下与甲醇缩合,产生的水由吸水剂移除。
Figure BDA0002195148240000022
其中,酰氯的合成需要使用到草酰氯、氯化亚砜等酰氯化试剂,而傅克酰基化反应又常常使用过量的三氯化铝作为催化剂,这些物料的使用会伴随着大量废弃酸性气体(氯化氢气体、二氧化碳、二氧化硫等)和废水(强酸性,含三氯化铝)的产生,这对于工业化放大生产来说,是一个很大的问题,不符合绿色制造需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种步骤更短、更有效的合成一类二芳基甲缩酮的方法,为一些较为复杂的二芳基酮的合成提供新的合成策略。本发明的合成路线通式如下:
Figure BDA0002195148240000023
其中,Ar为芳基,R为烷氧基、烷基等供电子基团。使用三氟乙酸酐作为傅克反应的溶剂和羧酸活化试剂,原甲酸三甲酯(CH(OMe)3)作为缩酮反应的除水剂,催化量的三氟化硼乙醚络合物(BF3·EtOEt)同时作为傅克反应和缩酮反应的酸催化剂,以甲醇作溶剂和反应试剂;一锅法完成二芳基甲缩酮的合成,受位阻影响,傅克反应产物以R取代基的对位产物为优势产物。
众所周知,傅克酰基化反应需要在路易斯酸催化下进行,由于产物酮也会与路易斯酸络合,往往因酮的络合能力强于酰氯而需要过量的路易斯酸活化酰氯才能达到较好的转化率。本发明中,采用三氟乙酸酐活化羧酸,原位产生活泼的混合酸酐,该混合酸酐与路易斯酸有较强的络合能力;相对应的,产物二芳基酮却具有较大的空间位阻,削弱了其与路易斯酸的络合能力,使得路易斯酸可优先与混合酸酐络合,从而实现了催化量路易斯酸完成反应的目的。进一步的,利用路易斯酸的催化,也可以完成甲缩酮的合成,产生的水用原甲酸三甲酯消耗除去,最终实现了从芳香酸到二芳基甲缩酮的一锅法合成。
Figure BDA0002195148240000031
进一步的,第一步中,搅拌下升温至30-40℃保温反应4-6小时;然后再加入甲醇和原甲酸三甲酯,一锅法继续反应,重新升温至55-60℃保温反应18-32h。
进一步的,第二步完成后,降温后加入三乙胺调节pH至碱性,减压浓缩除去溶剂,纯化得到二芳基甲缩酮。
进一步的,所述二芳基甲缩酮的纯化方法为:采用庚烷打浆,过滤,干燥得到产品。
进一步的,所述二芳基甲缩酮的纯化方法为:采用二氯甲烷溶解,水洗两次,收集有机层减压浓缩,冷却后得到产品。
总之,本发明实现了温和条件下从芳香酸到二芳基甲缩酮的一锅法合成。相较于传统的合成方法,步骤短,仅使用催化量的三氟化硼乙醚络合物作为催化剂,就实现了多步反应。后处理简单,经过简单的碱化过滤或水洗浓缩即可得到目标物,同时不涉及酸性气体、三氯化铝酸性废水等难处理废弃物的处置,绿色环保,具有很好的实用性,适合工业化放大生产使用。
具体实施方式
通过下面的实施例可以更具体的理解本发明,但其是举例说明而不是限制本发明的范围,本领域内的技术人员对本发明所做的简单替换和改进等均包含在本发明所保护的技术方案之内。
实施例一:1-(二甲氧基-苯基-甲基)-4-甲氧基-苯的合成
Figure BDA0002195148240000032
250mL四颈瓶架磁力搅拌,温度计和回流冷凝管,先后加入三氟乙酸酐(42.0g,200mmol)、苯甲醚(13.0g,120mmol)、三氟化硼乙醚络合物(1.42g,10mmol),分次投入苯甲酸(12.2g,100mmol),搅拌下升温至30-40℃保温反应6小时,得到深褐色溶液。降温至室温,加入甲醇(60mL)和原甲酸三甲酯(31.8g,300mmol),溶液颜色变为浅红色,重新升温至55-60℃保温反应18h,降温后加入三乙胺(2.0g)调节pH至碱性,溶液颜色进一步变浅为淡黄色。减压浓缩除去大部分溶剂,有固体析出,加入庚烷(50mL)打浆,过滤, 40℃鼓风干燥后得白色1-(二甲氧基-苯基-甲基)-4-甲氧基-苯化合物(18.9g,收率73.2%)。
实施例二:1-(二甲氧基-苯基-甲基)-4-异丙基-苯的合成
Figure BDA0002195148240000041
250mL四颈瓶架磁力搅拌,温度计和回流冷凝管,先后加入三氟乙酸酐(42.0g,200mmol)、异丙苯(14.4g,120mmol)、三氟化硼乙醚络合物(1.42g,10mmol),分次投入苯甲酸(12.2g,100mmol),搅拌下升温至30-40℃保温反应4小时,得到酒红色溶液。降温至室温,加入甲醇(60mL)和原甲酸三甲酯(31.8g,300mmol),颜色变为淡黄色,重新升温至55-60℃保温反应18h,降温后加入三乙胺(2.0g)调节pH至碱性,溶液颜色进一步变浅。减压浓缩除去大部分溶剂,加入二氯甲烷(60mL)溶解,用水(30mL*2)洗涤两次,收集有机层,减压浓缩得到油状物,冷却后为白色固体1-(二甲氧基-苯基-甲基)-4-异丙基-苯化合物(17.6g,收率65.1%)。
实施例三:2-氯-5-[二甲氧基-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-甲基]-噻吩的合成
Figure BDA0002195148240000042
250mL四颈瓶架磁力搅拌,温度计和回流冷凝管,先后加入三氟乙酸酐(42.0g,200mmol)、苯甲醚(16.2g,150mmol)、三氟化硼乙醚络合物(2.13g,15mmol),分次投入5- 氯-2-噻吩甲酸(16.3g,100mmol),搅拌下升温至30-40℃保温反应5小时,得到深红棕色溶液。降温至室温,加入甲醇(60mL)和原甲酸三甲酯(31.8g,300mmol),颜色变化不明显。重新升温至55-60℃保温反应24h,降温后加入三乙胺(3.0g)调节pH至碱性,浓缩出大部分溶剂,得红棕色油状物,加入二氯甲烷(80mL)溶解,用水(40mL*2)洗涤两次,收集有机层,减压浓缩后,油状物加入庚烷(50mL),搅拌降温,打浆析出固体,过滤,40℃真空干燥后得黄色2-氯-5-[二甲氧基-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-甲基]-噻吩化合物(20.4g,收率68.3%)。
实施例四:4-溴-1-氯-2-[(4-乙氧基-苯基)-二甲氧基-甲基]苯的合成
Figure BDA0002195148240000051
250mL四颈瓶架磁力搅拌,温度计和回流冷凝管,先后加入三氟乙酸酐(42.0g,200mmol)、苯乙醚(14.7g,120mmol)、三氟化硼乙醚络合物(1.42g,10mmol),控温30+5℃下分次投入2-氯-5-溴苯甲酸(23.5g,100mmol),投完后继续控温30-40℃保温反应5小时,得到深红棕色溶液。降温至室温,加入甲醇(60mL)和原甲酸三甲酯(31.8g,300mmol),溶液颜色变为浅黄色,重新升温至55-60℃保温反应32h,降温后加入三乙胺(2.0g)调节pH 至碱性,降温析出固体,过滤,所得固体用庚烷淋洗后滤干,40℃真空干燥后得白色4-溴-1- 氯-2-[(4-乙氧基-苯基)-二甲氧基-甲基]苯化合物(27.4g,收率71.0%)。
本发明方案所公开的技术手段不仅限于上述实施方式所公开的技术手段,还包括由以上技术特征任意组合所组成的技术方案。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (1)

1.一种1-(二甲氧基-苯基-甲基)-4-甲氧基-苯的合成方法, 其特征在于:250mL四颈瓶架磁力搅拌,温度计和回流冷凝管,先后加入200 mmol三氟乙酸酐、120mmol苯甲醚、10mmol三氟化硼乙醚络合物,分次投入100mmol苯甲酸,搅拌下升温至30-40℃保温反应6小时,得到深褐色溶液;降温至室温,加入60mL甲醇和300mmol原甲酸三甲酯,溶液颜色变为浅红色,重新升温至55-60℃保温反应18h,降温后加入2.0g三乙胺调节pH至碱性,溶液颜色进一步变浅为淡黄色,减压浓缩除去大部分溶剂,有固体析出,加入50mL庚烷打浆,过滤, 40℃鼓风干燥后得白色1-(二甲氧基-苯基-甲基)-4-甲氧基-苯。
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