CN110391659B - Power system stability control method and system based on branch potential energy method - Google Patents

Power system stability control method and system based on branch potential energy method Download PDF

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CN110391659B
CN110391659B CN201910739109.XA CN201910739109A CN110391659B CN 110391659 B CN110391659 B CN 110391659B CN 201910739109 A CN201910739109 A CN 201910739109A CN 110391659 B CN110391659 B CN 110391659B
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power system
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CN110391659A (en
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黄少锋
李轶凡
黄怡凌
罗阳静宜
肖仕武
徐泰来
黄罡
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North China Electric Power University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for stably controlling an electric power system based on a branch potential energy method. The control method comprises the following steps: searching to obtain a critical branch after the power system is disturbed and unstable; the phase angle difference between the two ends of the critical branch reaches a phase change sequence threshold value; disconnecting the critical branch; judging whether the disconnected critical branch circuit forms a cut set or not to obtain a judgment result; when the judgment result shows that the disconnected critical branch forms a cut set, switching on the disconnected critical branch after the phase inversion sequence is carried out; judging whether the power system is stable; if so, finishing the stable control of the power system; if not, continuing to search the branch. The invention can not only recover the system stability, but also keep the system integrity, thereby greatly improving the energy efficiency and the safety of the power system.

Description

Power system stability control method and system based on branch potential energy method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power systems, in particular to a power system stability control method and system based on a branch potential energy method.
Background
Stability issues are the biggest problem for ac transmission systems. With the enlargement of the scale of the power grid, the interconnection of areas is continuously increased, various uncertain operation variables and complex disturbance factors in the system are mutually interfered and mutually influenced, the power of a connecting line is very easy to swing greatly, the probability of transient instability of the system is obviously increased, and great risk is brought to the safe and stable operation of the system. When a system is disturbed and unstable, the commonly used emergency control measures include a generator tripping measure, a load shedding measure, a low-frequency load shedding measure, an out-of-step disconnection measure and the like, and the common points of the measures are that the integrity of the operation of a power grid is sacrificed to a certain extent, and the emergency control helps the system to recover the stability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a power system stability control method and system based on a branch potential energy method, which can not only recover the system stability but also keep the system integrity, and greatly improve the energy efficiency and the safety of a power system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a power system stability control method based on a branch potential energy method comprises the following steps:
searching to obtain a critical branch after the power system is disturbed and unstable; the phase angle difference between the two ends of the critical branch reaches a phase change sequence threshold value;
disconnecting the critical branch;
judging whether the disconnected critical branch circuit forms a cut set or not to obtain a judgment result;
when the judgment result shows that the disconnected critical branch forms a cut set, switching on the disconnected critical branch after the phase inversion sequence is carried out;
judging whether the power system is stable;
if so, finishing the stable control of the power system;
if not, continuing to search the branch.
Optionally, the method further includes:
and when the judgment result shows that the disconnected critical branch can not form a cut set, continuing searching until the searched critical branch can form the cut set.
Optionally, after the phase sequence is changed, the phase angle difference between the two ends of the branch in the cutting set is reduced by 120 °.
Optionally, after the power system is disturbed and unstable, searching for a critical branch, before further including:
predicting the branches forming the cut set;
and installing a commutation sequence device on a branch path which is predicted to form a cut set.
Optionally, the determining whether the power system is stable specifically includes:
judging whether the unbalanced potential energy of the branch in the cutting set is reduced or not after the phase inversion sequence is judged;
if yes, determining that the power system is stable;
if not, determining that the power system is unstable.
The invention also provides a power system stability control system based on the branch potential energy method, and the control system comprises:
the searching module is used for searching to obtain a critical branch after the power system is disturbed and unstable; the phase angle difference between the two ends of the critical branch reaches a phase change sequence threshold value;
a breaking module for breaking the critical branch;
the first judgment module is used for judging whether the disconnected critical branch forms a cut set or not to obtain a judgment result;
the phase change sequence module is used for switching on the disconnected critical branch after the phase change sequence is performed when the judgment result shows that the disconnected critical branch forms a cut set;
and the second judgment module is used for judging whether the power system is stable.
Optionally, the searching module is further configured to, when the judgment result indicates that the disconnected critical branch cannot form a cut set, continue to search until the searched critical branch can form the cut set.
Optionally, after the phase sequence is changed, the phase angle difference between the two ends of the branch in the cutting set is reduced by 120 °.
Optionally, the method further includes:
a prediction module for predicting the branches forming the cut set;
and the installation module is used for installing the commutation sequence device on the branch path which is predicted to form the cutting set.
Optionally, the second determining module specifically includes:
the judging unit is used for judging whether the unbalanced potential energy of the branch in the cutting set is reduced or not after the phase inversion sequence is judged;
the result determining unit is used for determining that the power system is stable when the unbalanced potential of the branch in the cutting set can be reduced after the phase commutation sequence; and the controller is used for determining that the power system is unstable when the unbalanced potential energy of the branch in the cutting set is not reduced after the phase inversion sequence.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects: after the system is unstable, the phase angle difference between the two ends of the branch is taken as a starting criterion, the phase angle difference between the two ends of the critical cut set branch is reduced by 120 degrees by using a phase-change sequence device, the instability of the system is further inhibited, and the unstable system is pulled back to be synchronous on the premise of keeping the structural integrity of the system. The invention also provides a method for avoiding the interphase short circuit caused by the phase change sequence in the complex system, namely, the phase change sequence switching-on operation is carried out after the branch circuits in the same cutting set between two groups are confirmed to be disconnected. Meanwhile, the invention also provides two control strategies of 'off-line decision, real-time matching' and 'real-time decision and real-time matching' based on the commutation sequence technology, wherein the off-line decision is to make a strategy table through an expected accident set, the installation position of the commutation sequence device in the system can be determined in advance, the control strategy can be determined according to the strategy table after an accident occurs, the information of the WAMS system is utilized during the real-time decision, the branch which firstly reaches the power angle threshold is firstly disconnected until all the branches in the critical cutting set are determined to reach the power angle threshold and then the commutation sequence switching-on operation is carried out, and the better control effect can be achieved through the cooperation of the two control strategies.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for controlling stability of an electric power system based on a branch potential energy method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-zone four-machine system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an installation of a phase-change sequence device of a two-zone four-machine system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase connection for normal operation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of three-phase connection after phase inversion of one branch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a commutation sequence switch-on according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of a power system stability control system based on a branch potential energy method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a power system stability control method and system based on a branch potential energy method, which can not only recover the system stability but also keep the system integrity, and greatly improve the energy efficiency and the safety of a power system.
When the power system is greatly disturbed, the power angle of one set or a plurality of sets is obviously accelerated relative to other sets, the system presents a two-group instability mode, the relative power angle between the two sets is dispersed, the system is out of synchronization, and the stability is damaged. At this time, the control method of the invention is used for controlling the electric power system, so that the relative power angle difference of the two machine groups can be reduced, and the unstable system can be pulled back to be synchronous. When the system presents two groups of instability modes, according to the definition of the branch potential energy method, a critical cut set must exist in the system instability process, and the phase angle difference of two ends of a contained branch exceeds a threshold value. The branch circuit with the voltage phase angle difference at two ends reaching the threshold value firstly is disconnected by utilizing a phase change sequence device pre-installed in the system, the operation further inhibits energy transmission between the two machines, the tearing of the system is accelerated, and further the voltage phase angle difference at two ends of other branch circuits reaches the threshold value and is disconnected until all the disconnected branch circuits form a cutting set, and then the disconnected branch circuits are switched on after the phase change sequence is carried out, so that the power angle difference of the two machine groups is reduced by 120 degrees.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description thereof.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for controlling stability of an electric power system based on a branch potential energy method includes:
step 101: searching to obtain a critical branch after the power system is disturbed and unstable; and the phase angle difference between the two ends of the critical branch reaches a phase change sequence threshold value.
Step 102: the critical branch is disconnected.
Step 103: and judging whether the disconnected critical branch constitutes a cut set or not to obtain a judgment result.
Step 104: and when the judgment result shows that the disconnected critical branch forms a cut set, switching on the disconnected critical branch after the phase inversion sequence is carried out. And after the phase-changing sequence is carried out, the angle difference between the two ends of the branch in the cutting set is reduced by 120 degrees.
Step 105: and judging whether the power system is stable. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
judging whether the unbalanced potential energy of the branch in the cutting set is reduced or not after the phase inversion sequence is judged;
if yes, determining that the power system is stable;
if not, determining that the power system is unstable.
Step 106: and when the power system is judged to be stable, the stable control of the power system is completed.
And when the power system is judged to be unstable, continuing to search the branch.
The method further comprises the following steps:
and when the judgment result shows that the broken critical branch can not form a cut set, continuing searching until the searched branch can form the cut set.
Before step 101, the method further comprises:
predicting the branches forming the cut set;
and installing a commutation sequence device on a branch path which is predicted to form a cut set.
The transient stability of the power system is a global problem, but the global transient stability has local characteristic features. The system transient stability is destroyed and mainly appears as: generators in the system exhibit two or more clusters of sway while the system network "tears" at weak links or critical cut-outs. If any fault position in the system has a fault, so that the system loses stability, and all generators in the system are divided into a leading cluster S and a lagging cluster A, branches corresponding to a certain cut set C in the system are required to be continuously increased, the cut set C is called a critical cut set, namely, a destabilization mode taking the leading cluster S as a representation form is required to be represented on the critical cut set in the network. In the case of a stable system, all branches in the augmented network change within a bounded range, and when the system is unstable, the branches contained in the critical cut set will increase continuously and tend to infinity, so that the system instability is not only the instability before the two groups of machines, but also the "tearing" of the critical cut set. The instability mode of a multi-machine system can be represented by two-group fluctuation or more generator groups swinging, but no matter the system is represented by two-group or multi-group instability mode, only the critical cut set in the network needs to be concerned, and under different operation modes or different fault modes, although the critical cut set changes, the possible area of the critical cut set is often limited to a certain range in the middle of or near the connecting line, so the phase change sequence device should be installed on the branches in advance as much as possible.
In order to determine the installation position of the commutation sequence device, the actual parameters of a specific system and the grid structure are combined, branches which may form a critical cut set are determined according to an expected accident set, and the commutation sequence device is installed on the branches in advance.
When the system structure is simple and the power transmission section is obvious, the phase change sequence device can be installed on the power transmission section in advance, the corresponding critical cut set is determined according to the expected accident set, the corresponding setting value of the phase change sequence device is calculated, and a decision table is constructed. When an accident occurs, the phase sequence conversion device and the phase sequence conversion time of each phase sequence conversion device are determined according to the comparison between the decision table and the expected accident, namely 'offline decision and real-time matching'.
Taking the two-zone four-machine system shown in fig. 2 as an example:
G1G2 and G3G4 are four generators in the system, wherein the node 7 and the node 8 are connected by three branches I, II and III. Assuming that a permanent three-phase ground short circuit fault occurs at 50% of the branch circuit III, if the fault line is not cut off timely, the synchronization between G1G2 and G3G4 is lost, the phase angle difference delta between the two ends of the branch circuit I and the branch circuit II continuously increases and tends to be infinite, the system is torn between a node 7 and a node 8, and at the moment, the branch circuit I and the branch circuit II form a critical cut set, so that the critical cut set is formed between the node 7 and the node 8, and therefore, a phase-change sequence device is installed on the lines I, II and III in advance. For the above case, the commutation sequence device is installed schematically as shown in fig. 3.
And reducing delta of the branch circuit contained in the critical cut set by 120 degrees by utilizing a phase change sequence technology, further reducing unbalanced potential energy in the network, and pulling back the unstable system to be synchronous.
If the system structure is complex, the expected accident set is not enough to cover all fault situations, or the system has extreme accidents exceeding the scope of the decision table, and the data provided by the WAMS system is needed to be used for real-time decision making and real-time matching.
When the system is disturbed and unstable, the phase angle difference between two ends of the kth branch is supposed to reach the phase change sequence threshold value delta firstm=δs+120°,δsThe phase angle difference delta between two ends of the kth branch in a stable state after fault removalmSearching in a network topological graph at the moment for a power angle threshold value of the phase change sequence, and starting a phase change sequence device on the branch k to perform phase change sequence operation if the branch k can form a cut set; if the branch k can not form a cut set, the branch k is disconnected first, and the switching-on operation of the phase change sequence is not carried out. According to the expression of the system tide, the active power transmitted at the two ends of the cut set is as follows:
Pe=U1U2(B12 sin θ12+G12 cos θ12)
wherein U is1、U2For dividing the voltage of a two-sided equivalent system, theta12Is the phase angle difference of the equivalent voltages on both sides, B12、G12For cutting the susceptance and conductance of branch, when branch k is disconnected, B12Increasing the number of critical cuts and concentrating othersThe active current of the branch can be increased sharply, and the phase angle difference between the two ends is increased in an accelerating way, namely the tearing of the system is accelerated. If the phase angle difference between the two ends of the jth branch reaches a set value, the jth branch is disconnected, and if the branch k and the branch j can form a cutting set, the two branches are switched on after the phase sequence is changed; if the branch k and the branch j cannot form a cut set, other branches are continuously searched, and the other branches are disconnected after reaching a setting value until all the disconnected branches are confirmed to form a critical cut set, and then switching-on is completed after the phase change sequence is completed.
In the two-group mode, if the critical cut set of the system includes two or more branches, the phase-to-phase short circuit needs to be avoided when the phase-change sequence is performed. As shown in fig. 4 and 5. If one of the lines is subjected to the phase change sequence operation, and the other line is not subjected to the phase change sequence operation, an inter-phase short circuit is caused. Assuming that the critical cut set L comprises m (m is more than or equal to 2) branches, when the system is unstable, the phase angle difference between two ends of the m branches is continuously increased, wherein the phase angle difference between two ends of the kth branch reaches delta at firstm=δs+120 °, in order to avoid an interphase short circuit caused by the phase change sequence, it is necessary to confirm that all m branches in the cut set L are disconnected, and then close the phase change sequence after all the phase change sequences are completed, as shown in fig. 6.
After the phase change sequence operation is performed on the m branches, the unbalanced potential energy reduced by the system is as follows:
Figure GDA0002635565280000071
therefore, by using the control method provided by the invention, the delta of the branch circuit contained in the critical cut set can be reduced by 120 degrees, so that the unbalanced potential energy in the network is reduced, and the unstable system is pulled back to be synchronous.
The phase-change sequence device acts according to the following steps:
for a power system with m generators, n buses and l transmission lines, the internal nodes of the generators are reserved, and the augmented network with the generator parameters is provided with n + m nodes and l + m branches.
Let the voltage phase angle of nodes i and j at two ends of branch k be
Figure RE-GDA0002782170460000011
And
Figure RE-GDA0002782170460000012
the phase angle difference across branch k can be expressed as
Figure RE-GDA0002782170460000013
When the fault is cleared, for branch k, its potential can be expressed as:
Figure RE-GDA0002782170460000014
wherein P iskFor the active power flow of the kth branch after fault removal,
Figure RE-GDA0002782170460000015
delta is the phase angle difference between two ends of the kth branch after the fault is removed, delta is the active power flow in a stable state after the fault is removedsThe phase angle difference between the two ends of the kth branch in the stable state after the fault is removed.
Potential energy before the branch k phase change sequence is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002782170460000016
potential energy after the phase inversion sequence is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0002782170460000017
the phase commutation sequence causes the branch k to reduce the unbalanced potential energy as follows:
ΔVEk=VEk0-V′Ek
when delta is equal to deltas+120 deg. branch potential energy V after phase change sequence'Ek0, so that the phase angle difference between the two ends of the branch reaches deltasPerforming phase-change sequence operation at +120 deg., setting power angle threshold of phase-change sequence branchA value of deltam=δs+120 °, the unbalanced potential energy in the branch can be completely reduced.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: after the system is unstable, the phase angle difference between the two ends of the branch is taken as a starting criterion, the phase angle difference between the two ends of the critical cut-set branch is reduced by 120 degrees by using the phase change sequence device, the instability of the system is further inhibited, and the unstable system is pulled back to be synchronous on the premise of keeping the structural integrity of the system. The invention also provides a method for avoiding the interphase short circuit caused by the phase change sequence in the complex system, namely, the phase change sequence switching-on operation is carried out after the branch circuits in the same cutting set between the two groups are confirmed to be disconnected. The invention also provides two control strategies of 'off-line decision, real-time matching' and 'real-time decision and real-time matching' based on the commutation sequence technology, wherein the off-line decision is to make a strategy table through an expected accident set, the installation position of the commutation sequence device in the system can be determined in advance, the control strategy can be determined according to the strategy table after an accident occurs, the information of the WAMS system is utilized during the real-time decision, the branch which firstly reaches the power angle threshold is firstly disconnected until the situation that all the branches in the critical cutting set are disconnected after the power angle threshold is determined, then the commutation sequence switching-on operation is carried out, and a better control effect can be achieved through the cooperation of the two control strategies.
As shown in fig. 7, the present invention further provides a power system stability control system based on the branch potential energy method, where the control system includes:
the searching module 701 is used for searching to obtain a critical branch after the power system is disturbed and unstable; and the phase angle difference between the two ends of the critical branch reaches a phase change sequence threshold value.
A breaking module 702 for breaking the critical branch.
The first determining module 703 is configured to determine whether the disconnected critical branch constitutes a cut set, so as to obtain a determination result.
And a phase sequence changing module 704, configured to, when the determination result indicates that the disconnected critical branch constitutes a cut set, perform phase sequence changing and then switch on the disconnected critical branch. And after the phase sequence is changed, the phase angle difference between the two ends of the branch in the cut set is reduced by 120 degrees.
The second determining module 705 is configured to determine whether the power system is stable.
The second determining module 705 specifically includes:
the judging unit is used for judging whether the unbalanced potential energy of the branch in the cutting set is reduced or not after the phase inversion sequence is judged;
the result determining unit is used for determining that the power system is stable when the unbalanced potential of the branch in the cutting set can be reduced after the phase commutation sequence; and the controller is used for determining that the power system is unstable when the unbalanced potential energy of the branch in the cutting set is not reduced after the phase inversion sequence.
The searching module 701 is further configured to, when the determination result indicates that the disconnected critical branch cannot form a cut set, continue to search until the searched branch can form a cut set.
Further comprising:
a prediction module for predicting the branches forming the cut set;
and the installation module is used for installing the commutation sequence device on the branch path which is predicted to form the cutting set.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner in the specification, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are mutually referred to. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there are variations in the specific implementation and application scope. In view of the above, the present description should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A power system stability control method based on a branch potential energy method is characterized by comprising the following steps: when the power system is disturbed and unstable, the following steps are executed:
step 1, searching to obtain a critical branch; the phase angle difference between the two ends of the critical branch reaches a phase change sequence threshold value;
step 2, disconnecting the critical branch;
step 3, judging whether the disconnected critical branch forms a cut set, if so, executing step 4, otherwise, returning to the step 1;
step 4, switching on the disconnected critical branch after the phase inversion sequence is carried out;
step 5, judging whether the power system is stable, if so, executing step 6, otherwise, returning to the step 1;
and 6, finishing the stable control of the power system.
2. The method for stabilizing and controlling the power system based on the branch potential energy method according to claim 1, further comprising: and when the judgment result shows that the disconnected critical branch can not form a cut set, continuing searching until the searched critical branch can form the cut set.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the phase angle difference between the two ends of the branch in the cutting set is reduced by 120 ° after the phase inversion.
4. The method for controlling stability of the power system based on the branch potential energy method according to claim 1, wherein after the power system is disturbed and unstable, the method searches for a critical branch, and further comprises: predicting the branches forming the cut set;
and installing a commutation sequence device on a branch path which is predicted to form a cut set.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining whether the power system is stable specifically comprises: judging whether the unbalanced potential energy of the branch in the cutting set is reduced or not after the phase inversion sequence is judged;
if yes, determining that the power system is stable;
if not, determining that the power system is unstable.
6. A control system for executing the branch circuit potential energy method-based electric power system stability control method of claim 1, characterized by comprising: the searching module is used for searching to obtain a critical branch after the power system is disturbed and unstable; the phase angle difference between the two ends of the critical branch reaches a phase change sequence threshold value;
a breaking module for breaking the critical branch;
the first judgment module is used for judging whether the disconnected critical branch forms a cut set or not to obtain a judgment result;
the phase change sequence module is used for switching on the disconnected critical branch after the phase change sequence is performed when the judgment result shows that the disconnected critical branch forms a cut set;
and the second judgment module is used for judging whether the power system is stable.
7. The control system of claim 6, wherein the searching module is further configured to, when the determination result indicates that the disconnected critical branch cannot constitute the cutset, continue the search until the searched critical branch can constitute the cutset.
8. The control system of claim 6, wherein after the phase inversion sequence, the phase angle difference between the two ends of the legs in the cutset is reduced by 120 °.
9. The control system of claim 6, further comprising: a prediction module for predicting the branches forming the cut set;
and the installation module is used for installing the commutation sequence device on the branch path which is predicted to form the cutting set.
10. The control system of the branch potential energy method-based power system stability control method according to claim 6, wherein the second determination module specifically comprises: the judging unit is used for judging whether the unbalanced potential energy of the branch in the cutting set is reduced or not after the phase inversion sequence is judged;
the result determining unit is used for determining that the power system is stable when the unbalanced potential energy of the branch in the cutting set is reduced after the phase change sequence; and the controller is used for determining that the power system is unstable when the unbalanced potential energy of the branch in the cutting set is not reduced after the phase inversion sequence.
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